Digital TV: Audio-Video Systems

Audio-Video Systems Experiment No.
10
Subject:
Title:
Digital TV
DATE:
Rev. No.
10.00
AIM: - To study Digital TV INTRODUCTION:

Digital television supports many different picture formats defined by the combination of size, aspect ratio (width to height ratio) and interlacing. With digital terrestrial television broadcasting in the USA, the range of formats can be broadly divided into two categories: HDTV and SDTV. Digital television is a new television service representing the most significant development in television technology since the advent of color television. DTV can provide movie theater quality pictures and sound, a wider screen, better color rendition, multiple video programming or a single program of high definition television (HDTV), and other new services currently being developed. The nationwide deployment of digital television is a complex and multifaceted enterprise. A successful deployment requires the development by content providers of compelling digital programming; the delivery of digital signals to consumers by broadcast television stations, as well as cable and satellite television systems; and the widespread purchase and adoption by consumers of digital television equipment.
Receiver
There are a number of different ways to receive digital television. One of the oldest means of receiving DTV (and TV in general) is using an antenna (known as an aerial in some countries). This way is known as Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT). With DTT, viewers are limited to whatever channels the antenna picks up. Signal quality will also vary. Other ways have been devised to receive digital television. Among the most familiar to people are digital cable and digital satellite. In some countries where transmissions of TV signals are normally achieved by microwaves, digital MMDS is used. Other standards, such as DMB and DVB-H, have been devised to allow handheld devices such as mobile phones to receive TV signals. Another way is IPTV, that is receiving TV via Internet Protocol, relying on DSL or optical cable line. Finally, an alternative way is to receive digital TV signals via the open Internet. For example, there is P2P (peer-to-peer) Internet television software that can be used to watch TV on a computer.
Analog to digital
DTV has several advantages over analog TV, the most significant being that digital channels take up less bandwidth, and the bandwidth needs are continuously variable, at a corresponding reduction in image quality depending on the level of compression as well as the resolution of the transmitted image. This means that digital broadcasters can provide more digital channels in the same space, provide high-definition television service, or provide other non-television services such as multimedia or interactivity. DTV also permits special services such as multiplexing (more than one program on the same channel), electronic program guides and additional languages (spoken or subtitled). The sale of non-television services may provide an additional revenue source.
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, RAJKOT
10.2
Digital signals react differently to interference than analog signals. For example, common problems with analog television include ghosting of images, noise from weak signals, and many other potential problems which degrade the quality of the image and sound, although the program material may still be watchable. With digital television, the audio and video must be synchronized digitally, so reception of the digital signal must be very nearly complete; otherwise, neither audio nor video will be usable. Short of this complete failure, "blocky" video is seen when the digital signal experiences interference.
Digital Video vs. Analog Video

The analog television video standard in the United States is NTSC composite video. It is called composite because it is the combination of base-band luminance information up to about 3 MHz, a separate signal which encodes chrominance modulated onto a 3.58 MHz sub carrier, and horizontal and vertical synchronization signals represented as negative-going pulses. In contrast, a digital video signal is created by digitizing the image to be transmitted into a frame of pixels, then reducing the number of bits needed to represent the image using a compression method sanctioned by the Motion Picture Experts Group known as MPEG-2. MPEG-2 uses techniques such as Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT), motion estimation, and predicted frames in order to accomplish this compression.
Digital Audio vs. Analog Audio

The analog audio that accompanies analog video is simply modulated up onto a 4.5 MHz subcarrier prior to inclusion in the broadcast envelope. Should stereo audio be desired, the presence of a pilot tone signals the receiver that the base-band audio information consists of the sum of the right and left channels, and that a difference signal is available at a slightly higher frequency in the broadcast envelope. A Secondary Audio Program (SAP) may also be present at yet another frequency. This method, sanctioned by the Broadcast Technical Systems Committee, is similar to that used in FM stereo radio transmissions with the exception that a frequencydependent companding method known as dbx-TV, licensed by THAT Corporation, is used to reduce the effects of system noise. If surround sound matrix information such as Dolby Surround Pro Logic is included in the original source material; it is preserved by this transmission method, allowing a receiver to reproduce the center and surround channels if desired. On the other hand, a digital audio signal is created by digitizing the sound to be transmitted, then compressing the number of bits needed to represent the audio signal using a compression method called AC-3 (also known as Dolby Digital), which provides for 5 separate channels of audio plus a low-frequency subwoofer channel. CONCLUSION:
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, RAJKOT
10.2

Digital TV: Audio-Video Systems

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Audio-Video Systems Experiment No.

AIM: - To study Digital TV INTRODUCTION:

ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, RAJKOT

Digital Video vs. Analog Video

Digital Audio vs. Analog Audio

ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, RAJKOT

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