52Tr2

MARTIN'S ATLAS
OF

OBSTETRICS AND GYNJICOLOGY

EDITED BY
DOCENT
IN

A.

MARTIN

THE UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN

SECOND EDITION

Translated and Edited with Additions

FANCOURT BARNES,

M.D., M.R.C.P.

PHYSICIAN TO THE BRITISH LYING-IN HOSPITAL ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN TO THE ROYAL MATERNITY CHARITY OF LONDON, ETC.

PHILADELPHIA PRESLEY BLAKISTON, 1012 WALNUT STREET

1880

17

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

The numerous
illustrated

and the female genital organs with the development of the ovum and the uterus
tions of the pelvis
foetus, the

works on Midwifery, deal, with few exceptions, besides illustrain the normal state, almost exclusively
during' pregnancy, the positions of the
in

obstetric

instruments,

and

the

operative manoeuvres required

Obstetrics.

Not only are

the illustrations of the foetal positions,

and of the

obstetric operations
in

most

frequently diagrammatic, and obtained by placing the

dummy

various positions in a

phantom or

pelvis,

but the works themselves afford an insufficient insight into those

conditions necessary to complete the

knowledge of the gynoecologist.

Midwifery must

be considered

in its

natural relation to the conditions of the other female sexual functions,

and pathological changes which occur in the sexual Thus the scientific methods of study require it, and rebel more and more against the continued reign of the obstetric method. The practice which had long ago forced itself upon the obstetrician, also required a knowledge of the so-called diseases of women.
and
to

the various physiological

in
its

organs, and consequently

relation to gynoecology.

On

these grounds, then, that the pathological

and physiological conditions

to

of the

sexual organs should be represented in the various phases of their functions, the
of the publishers for an atlas of obstetrics
often felt the

demand
I

was very pleasing

me, especially as

had

want of an

illustrated description of these subjects in

my

annual course of

lectures since 1S38.

The

exhibition of enlarged illustrations or of preparations during

it is

the lecture,
at a

is

useful

and even indispensable, but

the hands of

insufficient.

diagram during a
lectures.

lecture leaves behind no fixed impression.

in

been anxious to place

my

hearers a collection
is

mere passing glance so I had long of drawings to illustrate

And

my

But such a collection of illustrations

also of great value to the practising

physician,

who does

not see gynoecological cases every day, and

opportunity to study the organic changes seen at post-mortem examinations.

at

who seldom has the One look

an exact and
to his

faithful

drawing, presents the anatomical condition of the parts more

dearly

has no time.
ful

mind than far-fetched deductions for the elaboration of which he frequently It moreover starts fresh ideas for future diagnosis and treatment of doubt-

individual cases.

The

execution, of the undertaking, to present to students

and practitioners an

illus-

trated guide to obstetrics

and gynoecology, was necessarily

restricted to enable the

work

to be placed within the reach of a sufficiently large circle of readers.

In the

first

place, the

number

of illustrations must not be too large.

illustrate individual

On

this account,

and because diagrammatic drawings only

views and not the actual

G0a49?

vi
condition,
I

Preface.
reduced their number
to

a minimum, retaining those only which seemed

I class as diagramhand. indispensable, and of which original drawings were not at the child in the pelvis matic illustrations the majority of illustrations of the positions of

are for the most during labour, which are given in various obstetric works, and which dummy in various positions in a phantom or pelvis. In part constructed by placing a which the child might present this way it is possible to imagine 96 or more positions in

and

still

not exhaust the infinite variety of nature.

is

On

the other hand, the

is

memory
condemn

of the

student

burdened with diagrams, and

his

judgment

prejudiced by

artificial theories.

My

teacher, Fr. C. Naegele,

whom

shall never forg-et,

used frequently

to

these

fancy illustrations drawn with pedantic precision, and to place the unbiassed observation of nature above many a learned text-book. After this, I should have thought it hardly
possible at the present time, that

we

should set up so many, thoracic, shoulder, or abwhich,

it

dominal

presentations with sub-classes,

is

true,

may be demonstrated on a
to,

phantom, although
observation
in

not without violent distortions, but

which hardly ever come under

childbed,

the living

woman.
is

When

acrobatic tricks of this kind are resorted

in
it

in addition to the

compilation of fixed rules of action

is
if

a question

if

the

pedantry of the teachers

not to be deplored, or, in

some

cases,

the student,

who

trammelled by
he has learnt,

technicalities,
is

goes wrong when things do not correspond with the theory

not to be condemned.

The

illustrations of operative
to

proceedings are equally injurious

in

my

opinion, be-

cause they tend

narrow the

student's self-reliance.

Such operative manoeuvres should

manoeuvres can carry

be taught on the phantom, and where possible the reasons for which they are performed,
explained, because only he

who

justly appreciates the reasons for

them out
artificial

in

a competent manner.

The mere looking

at such illustrations

drawn from

demonstrations on a phantom, can at the best but produce rule-of-thumb, not

reasoning operators,

who

alone in the present condition of science should be tolerated

all

by

the state.

have therefore omitted

operative demonstrations, which, after

all,

only represent individual ideas, and never obtain universal recognition.

For the same

exclude
all

reason which caused

necessary drawings,

me
I

to limit the

number of

the illustrations

and

to

un-

have limited the number of coloured plates and have copied

existing plates, as original plates

would have made the work too expensive.

to retain those

In selecting

the various illustrations,

have endeavoured

which have best corresponded

with

my own
The

observations on the living as well as the dead subject.

lithographer, Herr A. Schiiltze, has in general taken pains to carry out

in

my

wishes;

some

cases,

however, he has, contrary

to

to

my

desire,

not transferred the

illustrations with the

concave mirror

the

stone,

so that

several

drawings do not

exactly reproduce the position of the originals.

to

No

important mistake has resulted,

it

my

knowledge, from

this;

but

thought

it
it.

my

duty to mention

here, in order that

hypercritics

may

not wrongly blame

me

for

Lastly, as regards the

arrangement of the
to for

plates,

have followed the same course of

subjects which

have kept

years

in

my

lectures on gynoecology,

and which

is

fully

Preface.
set forth in the tabular

vii

view on page I have begun with the anatomy of the pelvis ff. and female sexual organs; then follow the development of the ovum, and the maternal genitals during pregnancy. These are succeeded by the pathological changes in the
l,

external genitals, the vagina, the uterus, the Fallopian tubes, the ovaries,
coats,

the ovarian,
to

the placenta,

the foetus

and

its

position, the pelvis as

an obstruction

labour

and gynoecological instruments, which had, against my wish, to be confined almost exclusively to those used by myself. Here and there deviations have occurred from the general arrangement, caused by the imperaThey do not, however, interfere with the compretive and careful utilization of space.

and concluded by a short description of

obstetric

hension of the original plan by the intelligent reader.

hope

this

compendium

of illustrated gynoecology will

it

meet with a kind reception

by students and physicians, and that

may advance

the study of that department of

medicine which, although so important and necessary to the lives and health of individuals, as well as for the happiness of families,
state,

and consequently
it

for the

good of the

does not yet enjoy that general recognition which

can and must claim.

DR. ED. MARTIN.

Berlin, August Sih, iS6i.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

The
first

edition of the Hand-atlas

edition
just

was out

of print before

my

father's death, but

latest

already

commenced a new
If I

which should be abreast of the

completed

I had knowledge on

the subject.

have only
it,

my

task,

it

is

not because

have allowed

personal matters to delay

the fresh material which
the last few years.

but on account of the necessity of a thorough revision of

had accumulated with the advance of our profession during

In the

new

edition

endeavoured,

in

the
I

first

instance, to replace the

diagrammatic

drawings by original ones when possible.

of the diagrammatic drawings because
it

have, however, been obliged to retain some

to

was impossible

procure trustworthy originals.

At

the

same time

it

was

to the

interest of the atlas that as

many

as possible of the

original stones should be retained, lest the expenses of publishing, which greater, should have been so raised as to render the
circle.
It is

were already

work

less accessible to a larger

for this reason that

many

of the old drawings have been retained, of which

latter

modern
have
I

originals exist.

Only where the

were

essential to a proper

comprehension

suppressed the

first

without any regard for the occasional use of the old stones.

In addition to

new

illustrations,

my

father

had already

collected a

number of

original

drawings from preparations which he had obtained in the hospital clinic, or in private Besides these, I have been allowed the use of many old and recent drawings practice. by Carl Ruge in the clinic, and I wish here to thank Professor Schroder for the ready
assent he gave to
this.
I

also tender

my

best thanks to

my

honoured friend Carl Ruge

himself for the friendly, and professional, and artistic advice, as well as for the assiduous

grew weary of rendering me in designing fresh drawings, and own collection, or from other sources. I have, of course, taken many drawings from many modern text-books, especially those of Spiegelberg and Schroder, from the "Archives of Gynaecology" and from the various periodicals. To
assistance which he never
selecting others from his

Herr Geheimrath Winckel of Dresden, and Herr Dr. G. Leopold of Leipzig, I am especially indebted for the great kindness with which they placed the valuable originals of their latest publications, some of them while still in the press, at my disposal. I have made extensive use of Braune's "Illustrations of Sections from Frozen Bodies," Hyrtl's
"Atlas on the Results of Corrosion-anatomy" Virchow's "Tumours" and others.
so
I

And

have, in the

new

edition,

increased and improved the topographical drawings of

the genitals in the various stages of their development, as well as the microscopical
illustrations of their physiological

and pathological conditions.

selected

The

plates illustratino-

the pelvic conditions have received an important addition in the collection of stereo-

scopico-photographic illustrations of

specimens

from the rich collection of

Preface.
the Berlin clinic, wlnich
I

ix

made

in the

year 1872.

Had

it

not been for the fact that

should have been forced to reject

to

many

useful old drawing's to

do

so,

should have liked

reproduce

all

the pelvic illustrations, especially as in most cases their history

was

available.

Another
has induced
to a

difficult

question

should be illustrated.

was whether or The experience that even

them.
It

not instruments generally, and which,

a limited selection was useful in practice

me

to retain

was, of course, impossible to furnish even an approach

atlas.
I

complete armamentarium.

This alone would require a larg-e

in

have therefore

only given those which have proved useful and trustworthy

practice,

our hospital and private

and take this opportunity of saying that I by no means criticise by this selection any other instruments. As regards the obstetric instruments, the selection was simple enough, but the gynaecological instruments were not so easily chosen, because every
gynaecologist uses different instruments in his daily
practice,
I

and because individual

preference for certain instruments

is

very prevalent.

have, therefore, endeavoured

only to give those which appear to have been

In

more generally adopted.

plate,
this
it

arranging old and new drawings together, sometimes on the same not always possible to place each in its right place. I must apologise for

was

on the

ground of insuperable
father,

difficulty.

As

a rule

have adhered
to the

to the

order adopted by
I

my
to

although

have not annexed his schema

new

edition.

was induced

suppress this by the conviction that

naturally as
it

are not able to carry out such a combination as might appear, on account of the great advance and development in
In the place of the

we

midwifery as well as gynaecology.

schema, therefore,

have inserted

a detailed index.
cannot refrain from specially acknowledging the perseverance and great pains taken by the artist, Herr A. Schiiltze, in the difficult task of drawing the illustrations
Lastly,
I

and the willingness he displayed

lishers.

in

giving effect to

my

wishes,

and those of the pub-

May

the

atlas

in

its

new form enjoy

the

same favour

it

received on

its

first

appearance.

A.
Berlin, March, 1878.

MARTIN.

PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION.

When
readily acceded

asked

to

undertake the translation of Martin's Obstetric Atlas,

to

to the request

made

me, because

number

of students

and practitioners

work would be welcome to a large who are unfamiliar with the German language, and
believed the
in

because no exactly similar work existed

English.

have ventured
I

to

add several

illustrations
I

from

my

father's

work on

the Diseases

of

Women, which

thought might be useful.

have also inserted illustrations of some

in this

of the obstetric instruments most

commonly used

country.

FANCOURT BARNES.
London, ^Kw, iS8o.

CONTENTS OF PLATES.
PLATE
Fig.
I. I.

Female

pelvis with

its

,,
,,

2.

A perpendicular section
line of the pelvis.

lig-aments seen from above. throug-h the pelvis to shew the inclination

and median

3.

4.

View of the right sacro-iliac articulation from behind. The right sacro-iliac symphysis laid open from above.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

IL

,,
,,

pelvis from below. pelvis from above. 3. Transverse section through the symphysis pubis in 4. Transverse section through the symphysis pubis in
I.

2.

Female Female

advanced pregnancy. advanced pregnancy.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

in.

,,

2.
3.

Second aperture of the female pelvis, or the so-called largest diameter. Third aperture, the so-called smallest aperture of the pelvis.
Anterior wall of the pelvis from within. Perpendicular section through the female pelvis.
Posterior wall of the pelvis.

,,

4.

PLATE
Fig. I. Pelvis with the soft parts. 2. Position of the viscera at the sixth

IV.

month of pregnancy.
V.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

I.

2.
3.

,,

External female genital organs. Outlet of the pelvis after removal of the integument. The vulva with the openings of the ducts of the glands.
glands.

4. Bartholini's

PLATE
Fig.

I.

VI.

2.
3.

Section of the abdominal cavity of a middle-aged multipara. Section of the pelvis with distended bladder and urethra. Section through the abdomen of a normally-formed woman, bladder empty, the rectum full.

aged

35, with the

PLATE
Fig.
,,

VII.

I.

2.

Perpendicular section of the viscera of the female pelvis. View of the female pelvic viscera from above.

62

xii

Contents of Plates.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

VIII.

,,

Dissection of vagina, uterus, Fallopian tubes, uterine ligaments and ovaries. Well-developed uterus of a foetus at term. the uterus of a mature foetus. 3. Perpendicular transverse section of 4. Perpendicular transverse section of the uterus of a girl aged 7 years. 5. Well-developed uterus of a young woman. 6. Perpendicular transverse section of the uterus from the body of a young woman. ligaments from the body of a woman aged 79. 7. Uterus with broad
2.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

IX.

2.

,, ,,

Internal surface of uterus soon after delivery. Transverse section of uterus one year after delivery. 3. Antero-posterior section through uterus. 4. Broad ligament with Fallopian tubes, and Parovarium, 5. Section through an ovary.
I.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

X.

2.

Peritoneal folds of the serous covering of the uterus as shewing the direction and expansion of the retraction of the uterus. Leaf-like arrangement of the muscles of the pregnant uterus.

PLATE XL
Fig. I. Arteries of the uterus. 2. Injected arteries and veins of a pregnant uterus.

PLATE
Fig.
i.

XII.
left

Cervical ganglion, sacral and uterine nerves of the

side of a pregnant uterus.

PLATE
1.

XIII.

Mucous membrane of

the uterus on the

left

2.

Transverse section of the

first day after menstruation. Fallopian tube (middle portion) on the

first

day

of menstruation. 3. Mucous membrane of the body of the uterus on the third day of menstruation. 4. Fresh corpus luteum from 8 to 9 days old, 8 to g days after commencement of
5. 6.
7.

last haemorrhage. Older corpus luteum (5 weeks). Corpus luteum three weeks old. Corpus luteum, seven weeks old.

8.

Almost

ripe follicle.

PLATE
1.

XIV.

2. 3.

Lymphatic vessels of the non-pregnant normal uterus. Uterus of a sow blood- and lymphatic- vessels. Blood-vessels and lymphatics from the uterus of a virgin aged
;

25.

PLATE XV.
Fig.
,, ,,

the bo^ly of the uterus at the fourth month of pregnancy. 2. Placenta and uterus at the middle of the fifth month of pregnancy. Transition of the placental 3. Uterine mucous membrane 7 days after delivery. site in the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus.
I.

Mucous membrane of

Contents of Plates.

xiii

PLATE
Fig.
,,

XVI.

I.

Female mammary glands.

Side view of female breast. Lactiferous ducts and lobuli of the milk g-lands during lactation.

2.
3.

,,

,,

4.
5.

Two

lactiferous ducts during' lactation

Lobulus of

mammary

prepared and injected. gland during- lactation (enlarged).

PLATE XVIL
Fig.
I
.

Surface of the uterine mucosa changed by the development of the deciduae Vera

,,

2.

,,
,,

3.

4.

and Reflexa. Diagrammatic transverse section of a pregnant uterus, a few hours after the embryo has become encapsuled, which apparently took place on the eighth day after impregnation. An ovum laid open at the twenty-first day. Ovum with embryo from the seventh to the eighth week,

PLATE
Fig.
I.

XVIII.

,,

2.

,,

3.

4.
5.

Section of pregnant uterus with mucous membrane developed into decidua at the sixth week of gestation. Section of uterus and placenta of a woman who died in the thirtieth week of gestation. Injected terminal loop of villus from a mature placenta. Placenta from the internal surface. External surface of placenta.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

XIX.

2.
3.

Pregnant uterus from behind at the commencement of the fifth month. Fundus uteri of a pregnant uterus at the eighth month. Internal surface of uterus far gone in pregnancy after removal of the mucosa developed into decidua, to shew the muscular fibres of the internal surface, and the developed folds of the arbor vitae.

PLATE XX.
Side view of abdominal cavity laid open after partial removal of the larger omentum in a woman far advanced in pregnancy.

PLATE XXL
Fig.
,,

I.

2. 3.

,,

4.

Human Human Human Human

embryo embryo embryo

week. month. at the sixteenth week. ovum at the fifth month and a half.
at the ninth at the third

PLATE
Human
embryo,
funis,

XXII.
its

and placenta with

membranes,

at the sixth lunar

month

of pregnancy.

xiv

Contents of Plates.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

XXIII.

,, ,,

Internal org-ans of an embryo before birth. FcEtal circulation. 3. Side view of cranium of a newly-born child. 4. Cranium of a newly-born child, seen from above. 5. Meconium seen under the microscope. 6. Vernix caseosa under the microscope.
I.

2.

PLATE XXIV.
Section of a normally-formed pregnant

woman

about twenty-five years

old, after

death from hanging.

PLATE XXV.
Fig.
,,

I.

2.

Uterus with foetus Uterus with foetus

in first in first

head presentation.
breech presentation.

PLATE XXVI.
Fig.
,, ,,

Section of the frozen body of a woman in labour, during the period of expulsion. Section through the parturient canal after removal of the child. 3. The engagement of the head. 4. Commencing expulsion of the head.
I.

2,

PLATE XXVII.
Fig.
,,
,,

I.

2.
3.

,,
,,

4. 5.

The engagement of the head descending Cranium of occipital presentation. Cranium of face presentation. Cranium of breech presentation.

first.

Lateral curve of the trunk during labour in breech presentation.

PLATE XXVIII.
Fig.
,,

I.

Occipital presentation.

2.
3.

Face presentation.

,,
,,

4.

Brow presentation. Antero-frontal presentation.

PLATE XXIX.
Fig.
,,

I.

2.
3.

,,

Uterus with twins in cranial and breech presentation. placenta with twins. Triplet after birth with two embryos arrested in development.

One

PLATE XXX.
Fig.
,,

I.

2.
3.

Inflammation of the mucous and sebaceous glands of the vulva. Abscess of the right Bartholini's gland. Cyst formed by the dilatation of the occluded duct of the left Bartholini's gland.

Contents of Plates.

XV

PLATE XXXI.
Fig.
I.
I

,,

A.

Morbid enlargement of the clitoris. Follicular polypus of the cervix, extended from the vagina
stalk.

by elongation of the

2.
3.

Lupus of the labia, the vaginal Lupus of the vulva.

orifice

and anus.

Fig.
,.

I.

2.

PLATE XXX n. Lupus of the vulva. Broad condylomata of the labia in a pregnant woman, removed Huginer without causing abortion.
Urethral excrescence.

in

two

sittings

by

,,

3.

PLATE XXX in.

Fig.
,,

I.

2.

,,
,,

3.

4.

Malformation and occlusion of the external female genitals in a new-born child. Malformation of the female genitals by growing together of the labia minora and unusual size of the clitoris. The internal organs of generation were normal. Occlusion of the vaginal orifice by malformation of the bands of the labia. Coalescence of the external genital parts as far as the meatus urinarius, in an old woman who had suffered from an intolerable pruritus but had not borne
children.

,,

5.

Hypertrophic degeneration or elephantiasis of the labia minora and prepuce of

clitoris.

PLATE XXXIV.
Fig.
I.

,, ,,

2. 3.

Occlusion of the vaginal orifice (atresia hymenea) with displacement forwards of the anal opening in a girl aged 4 years. Narrowing of the vagina in a woman in labour by an ovarian tumour. Acquired partial occlusion of the vagina.

PLATE XXXV.
Fig.
,,

!.

2.
3.

,,
,,

4.

Prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall, (enterocele vaginalis). Prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall, (vaginal enterocele). Vesico-vaginal hernia, (cystocele vaginalis). Retro-vaginal hernia, (rectocele vaginalis).

PLATE XXXVI.
Fig.
,, ,,

I.

2.
3.

virgin aged 17. Left horn of uterus developed together with a rudimentary right horn in a sterile

Vagina and uterus divided by a septum. Two-horned uterus and divided vagina in a
married

woman aged

34.
first for

,,

4.

Pregnancy

in the left

rudimentary uterine horn, mistaken at

tubal gestation.

PLATE XXXVII.
Fig.
1.

,,

2.
3.

Rudimentary horn united by a solid band with the fully developed uterine horn enlarged by pregnancy. Transverse section. One-horned uterus from a child. Drawn from behind. One-horned uterus from the body of a woman from six to seven days pregnant for

,,

the tenth time; the left kidney was also absent. of divided uterine body indicated by connective tissue and muscular fibrous tissue with simple cervix. 5. Apparently simple uterus with vaginal wall continuous with cervical cavity. 6. Dissected uterus with two horns and simple cervix.
4.

Schema

xvi

Contents of Plates.

PLATE XXXVIII.
Fig.
I.

2.

Cleft uterus with double vagina, in a young woman ag-ed 30. Uterus, divided from vagina, with double os uteri after termination of gestation in Drawn from behind. left half.

3.

The same preparation opened

in front.

PLATE XXXIX.
Fig.
I.

2.

3.

4.
5. 6.

Left obliquity of the uterus. The same uterus dissected shews a cicatrix in the neighbourhood of the internal OS uteri near the left border. Fundus uteri twisted to the right with inflection of the isthmus to the left and forwards. From a single woman over 30 years of age. Fundus uteri twisted to the left, and os uteri constricted, from a girl aged 15 years. Fundus uteri strongly developed to the right. In the neighbourhood of the isthmus
the uterus
is

atrophied.

Bulky vaginal portion of the above preparation from below, with obliquely
situated os uteri.

PLATE XL.
Fig.
,,

Anteflexion of the puerperal uterus; on the posterior wall at the placental site is attached a portion of placenta. 2. Puerperal retroflexion; placental polypus on the anterior uterine wall. 3. Retroflexion of the puerperal uterus; lengthening of the anterior uterine wall, on the internal surface of which is situated the uneven placental site.
I.

PLATE
Fig.
,,
,,

XLI.

i.

2. 3.

,,

4.
5. 6.

,,

Marked anteflexion of the uterus. Anteflexion of the uterus soon after delivery. Retroversion of the gravid uterus at the fourth month. Retroversion of the gravid uterus at the commencement of the fifth month, with considerable distension of the bladder by retained urine. Distension of the bladder by retained urine, consecjuent on retroversion of the womb. Retroflexed uterus bound down to the rectum by exudation membrane.

PLATE XLI I.
Fig.

Vertical section of uterus. Vertical section of uterus. 3. Vertical section of senile uterus. Hypertrophy of the neck of the uterus. 4. Partial prolapsus uteri. 5. Myoma of the uterus. 6. Carcinoma of the uterine neck.
i
.

2.

PLATE XLI II.

Fig.
I.

Retroflexion of the uterus in a new-born female.

2.
3.

4.

5. 6.
7.

Obtuse-angled anteflexion. Obtuse-angled anteflexion. Obtuse-angled anteflexion. Right-angled anteflexion. Right-angled anteflexion. Acute-angled anteflexion.

Contents of Plates.

xvii

PLATE XLIV.
Fig.
,,

I.

2. 3.

,,

,,

4.
5.

Retroversion of the uterus. Obtuse-angled retroflexion of tlie uterus. Retroversion of the uterus. Retroflexion with adhesions to the rectum. Retroflexion with adhesions to the rectum.

PLATE XLV.
Fig.
I.

Partial inversion of the uterus in a

woman

30,

who

died three hours after delivery;

viewed from above.

,, ,,

2.
3.

Partial inversion of the uterus. Partial inversion of the uterus five years after the occurrence of the inversion,

with prolapse.

PLATE XLVL
Fig.
1.

,,
,,

2.
3.

4.

Inversion of the uterus with prolapse, resulting- from injudicious traction on the placenta. Prolapse of hypertrophied polypoid growth of anterior lip of the os uteri. Polypoid growth of posterior lip of os uteri to a weight of 14 pounds. Elongation of the vaginal portion.

PL.\TE XLVII.
Fig.
I.

Complete prolapse of the uterus with elongation and hypertrophy of the cervix
uteri.

,,

,,
,,

,,

Pelvic viscera in prolapse of the uterus drawn from within. 3. Complete prolapse of the uterus following elongation of the cervix. 4. Complete prolapse of the uterus without cystocele, following- prolapse of the posterior wall of the vagina with enterocele and prolapse of the rectum. 5. Complete prolapse of the uterus advanced in gestation, with partial foot presentation of the foetus in multipara, ag-ed 38 years.
2.

PLATE XLVII
Fig.
,,
,,

I.

I.

2.
3.

,,
,,

4. 5.

Prolapse Prolapse Prolapse Prolapse Prolapse

of the of the of the of the of the

posterior wall of the vagina, with sinking of the uterus. uterus with marked enterocele. uterus from marked elongation of the uterus with cystocele. uterus following- prolapse of anterior and posterior vag-inal walls. anterior wall of the vagina with elongation of the uterus.

PLATE
P'iG.
I.

XLIX.
of the uterus,

,,

,,

Elong-ation of the cervix with prolapse; fibroid growths in walls and cyst at the fundus. 2. Elongation of the uterus which prolapsed into a crural hernia. 3. Perforation of the posterior wall of the cervix with preservation of covering- in a patient who died from peritonitis six weeks after 4. The same cicatrised rupture as in fig. 3, drawn from within. 5. Bladder-polypus or cysto-sarcoma of the mucous membrane of the caused by degenerations of the utricular glands.

the peritoneal labour.

uterine cavity

xviii

Contents of Plates.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

L.
uteri,

Vaginal portion of cervix with dilated os polypus can be seen.

through which an intra-uterine

is

2.

The

polypus, after division of the anterior wall of the uterus,

seen growing

from the fundus.

,,

,,

,,

in fig. 2, which has grown from the uterine wall. 4. Fibroid tumour of uterine wall, and follicular polypus of the cervical canal. 5. Fibroid tumour in the anterior wall of the uterus, which has grown to the size of a uterus far advanced in pregnancy.
3.

Perpendicular section of the polypus, seen

PLATE LL
Fig.

,, ,,

I.

2. 3.

4.

Polypus of the mucous membrane and underlying uterine tissue which has grown into the uterine cavity from the internal os. Numerous mucous growths in the uterine cavity. Mucous polypus at fundus, growths of mucosa and its utricular glands. Interstitial submucous fibroids the submucous fibroid has grown into the uterine
;

cavity.
,,

,,

fibroids, partly under the peritoneal covering, partly under the uterine mucosa. 6. Fibroid tumour in the wall of the fundus uteri soon after labour.
S-

Numerous round

PLATE LIL
Fig.
,,
.,

I.

2. 3. 4.

the posterior wall of the cervix and body of the uterus. in fig. cut through. Interstitial fibroid in the anterior wall of much enlarged uterine body. Section of fibroid seen in fig. 3.

Fibroid

in

The tumour

PLATE
Fig.
I.

LIII.

,,

,,

uterus, with cancer of the anterior wall of the vagina, and the posterior portion of the vaginal cul de sac. 2. Ulcerated uterine cancer. 3. Cancerous destruction of the vaginal portion of the uterus and the vaginal wall between the vagina and bladder. 4. The uterus seen in fig. 3 infiltrated with cancer, together with the Fallopian tubes.

Cancer of the

PLATE
Fig.
,,

LIV.

I.

Adenoma

uteri.
uteri.

2.

Carcinoma

PLATE
Fig.
,,

LV.

I.

2. 3.

,, ,,

4.

Polypoid adenoma of the uterus. Adenoma. Vertical section from the surface. Adenoma. Section from the neighbourhood of Adenoma. Longitudinal section from surface.

the pedicle.

Contents of Plates.

xix

PLATE
Fig.
1.

LVI.

,,

,,

Diphtheritic endometritis in a woman who died fourteen days after delivery of a dead child, from uterine phlebitis. Retention of a portion of placenta. 2. Thrombosis of the veins in the uterus, and broad ligaments of the preparation drawn in fig. i from within. 3. Inflammation of the lymphatics of the uterus of a puerperal woman. Collum tapyroides 4. Chronic inflammation with thickening- of the cervical mucosa. ectropion of the lips of the os uteri.

PLATE LVIL
Fig.

,,

,,

,,

Posterior surface of a puerperal uterus with inflammation of the lymphatics, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries. 2. Section of an ovary from fig. I. 3. Section of a serous infiltrated ovary, as it is frequently seen in metro-lymphangitis. 4. Softened ovary in puerperal metro-lymphangitis. 5. Lymphangitis and thrombosis of the veins of the uterus in a woman who died
I.

fifteen

days after delivery.

PLATE LVIIL
Fig.
,,

I.

2. 3.

Simple erosion. Microscopic appearance of foregoing figure.

Follicular erosion.

,, ,, ,,

4.

Ulceration of the vaginal portion of the cervix and posterior vaginal cul de sac. 5. Non-scirrhous vaginal portion.

PLATE
Fig.
,, ,,
I

LIX.

2.
3.

Ectropion of the cervical mucous membrane. Microscopic section of a papillary erosion. Clinically a suspicious, microscopically a non-malignant vaginal portion of the
cervix.

,,

4, 5, 6. 7.

Commencing cancer in a prolapsed portio vaginalis. Microscopic appearance of figure 3, plate Iviii.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

LX.

I.

2.

Circular rupture of the cervix and expulsion of the portio vaginalis: Vie*v of the above preparation from below.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

LXI.

I.

2.

Transverse rupture of the upper portion of the anterior cervical wall. Longitudinal rent of the cervix.

PLATE LXIL
Fig.
,,

Dropsy of the Fallopian tubes. Tuberculosis of the Fallopian tubes. 2B. Right Fallopian tube of fig. 2, slit open longitudinally. ,, 3. Pregnancy in right ovary.
I.

2.

C2

XX

Contents of Plates.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

LXIII.

2.

The same

Ovarian cyst with gelatinous contents. cyst as in fig. i, opened in several places.

PLATE LXIV.
Fig.
I.

Dermoid

cyst.

,,

lA. 2.
3.

The chalky

plate, shaped like maxilla bearing two teeth. Hair- and fat-cyst of the right ovary. Adenoid tumour of the breast.

PLATE LXV.
Fig.
I.

,,

2.
3.

Cancer of the breast with cancer tubercles in, and under, the skin of an old woman aged 83. Carcinoma of the breast with retraction of the nipple.

,,

,,

4.
5.

,,

Compound mammary haematocyst. Compound proliferating cystoid of female breast with serous contents. Diffused arborescent intracanalicular myxoma of the mamma.

PLATE
Fig.
,,
,,

LXVI.

I.

2.
3.

Bladder-mole expelled at the fifth month of pregnancy. Bladder-mole from a woman aged 28.
Internal surface of the cavity of the
cysts.

ovum

with the chorion-villi degenerated into

,, ,,

4.
S-

Hypertrophied oedematous chorion villi from a bladder-mole. Hypertrophied oedematous terminal ramifications of the chorion-villi from an ovum the size of a hazel nut.

PLATE LXVn.
Fig.
,,
,,

,,
,,

Microscopical section of a mammary cancer. Arborescent cysto-sarcoma of the mamma. 3. Placental villi. 4. External surface of placenta with multiple blood effusions. 5. External surface of a placenta, with the impressions of old and recent extravasaI.

2.

tions.

PLATE LXVin.
Fig.
,,

i.

2.

Seat of the placenta at the os uteri. Placenta praevia centralis.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

LXIX.

I.

2.
3.

,,
,,

4.

funis into the membranes at a distance from the placenta. Strangulation of the funis by unusual twisting of the umbilical arteries. Twisting and strangulation of the umbilical cords in twins.

Double placenta. Forked insertion of the

PLATE LXX.
Fig.
,, ,,

I.

2. 3.

Twisting of the umbilical cord. Twisting of the cord. Twisting and knotting of the cord.

Contents of Plates.

xxi

PLATE

LXXI.

Placenta of twins with compressed fcetus.

PLATE LXXn.
Fig.
I.

,,

la.
2.

,,

3.

Abdominal cavity of a woman who had carried a lithopoedion 22 years. The lithoijoedion in fig;, i, removed from the abdominal cavity. Embryo which died from haemorrhage during the fourth month of pregnancy in an uninjured ovum. A lithopoedion which was carried in the abdomen by a peasant woman during 40 years, although two normal pregnancies occurred.

PLATE LXXIIL
Fig.
,, ,, ,,

I.

2.
3.

4.

Hydrocephalus with spina bifida. head with hernia cerebri. Absence of head and upper extremities in a fatty twin foetus 24 centimeters lono-. Complete ectopia of the thoracic and abdominal viscera in a female foetus with
Foetal

cloacal formation.

5.

Absence of one of the lower extremities.

Monopodia.

PLATE LXXIV.
Fig.
I
.

Ruptured congenital umbilical hernia, acrania, cyclopia with proboscis and absence of the superior maxilla. foetus born in foot presentation with hydrocephalus. An encephalous foetus with distended backward cranial cleft. Eyes situated above, ears below. new-born female foetus with coccygeal tumour which should contain another

,,
,,

2.
3.

Male

4.

foetus.

PLATE LXXV.
Fig.
I.

2.
3. 4.

Sympodia.

Growing together of the cranial integument and the placenta. Monstrum sireniforme. Growing together of both lower extremities. Cyclopia with proboscis and hydrocephalus in a twin child.
Incomplete development of the finger, so-called self-amputation. One-headed double monster. Janiceps.

(Hernia cerebri).

5.

6.

PLATE LXXVL
Fig.
,,

I.

Double monster.
Skeleton
fig. I.

2.

,,

3.

Division of joints by exudation

membranes.

Amputatio spontanea.

PLATE LXXVIL
Fig.
I.

,,

2.

Transverse presentation in the uterus laid open during the seventh month of pregnancy. Transverse presentation with prolapsed arm, head to the right, feet to the left, and backwards.

xxii

Contents of Plates.

PLATE LXXVIII.
Fig.
1-4.
5.

The

different stages of

spontaneous expulsion.

Labour with the body bent double.

PLATE LXXIX.
Fig.
I.

2.

Universally-contracted pelvis. Universally-contracted pelvis.

PLATE LXXX.
Fig.
I.

2.

Flattened pelvis from rachitis. Antero-posterior contraction of the pelvis from rickets.

PLATE LXXXI.
Fig.
I.

2.

Antero-posterior contraction of the pelvis. Section through a spondylolisthetic pelvis.

PLATE LXXXIL
Fig.
I.

Transversely-contracted osteomalacic pelvis.

2.

Transverse contraction of the

pelvis.

PLATE LXXXI IL
Fig.
,,

I.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis with bilateral sacral anchylosis.

2.
3.

,,

The same pelvis seen from above. The same pelvis seen from beneath.

PLATE LXXXIV.
Fig.
I.

,,

2.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis from early-acquired anchylosis of both sacro-iliac synchondroses. Contraction of pelvic cavity by exostosis of the sacrum.

PLATE LXXXV.
Fig.
I.,

Obliquely contracted pelvis from anchylosis of the

early childhood. Obliquely contracted pelvis from anchylosis of the shewn from behind.
in

left

sacro-iliac synchondrosis

2.

left

sacro-iliac synchondrosis

PLATE LXXXVI.
Fig.
,,

I.

Pelvis spinosa.

2.

Contraction of the pelvic cavity by bony cancer.

PLATE LXXXVII.
Fig.
,,

i.

2,
3.

,,

4.

Lumbo-sacral kyphotic pelvis. Funnel-shaped pelvis. Cleft pelvis seen from the front. Cleft pelvis seen from behind.

Contents of Plates.

xxiii

PLATE LXXXVIII.
Fic.

Pelvic Pelvic 3. Pelvic 4. Pelvic 5. Pelvic 6. Pelvic 7. Pelvic

I.

inlet of inlet of

2.

inlet
inlet
inlet

inlet
inlet

a normal female pelvis. a universally-contracted pelvis. of a flattened rickety pelvis. of an obliquely-contracted pelvis with unilateral ilio-sacral anchylosis. of an obliquely-contracted pelvis with lumbo-sacral kypho-scoliosis. of a transversely-contracted osteomalacic pelvis. of a pelvis spinosa.

PLATE LXXXIX.
Fig.
I.

,,
,,

2.
3.

Front view of a kyphoscoliotic girl complete prolapse of the uterus. Side view of same. Back view of same.

who had never

menstruated, and

who had

PLATE
Fig.
,,

XC.

I.

The impressions

of the foetal head in new-born children.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

Microscopic section of the above. Cranial impression. Spoon-shaped impression of the cranium. Cranial depression. View of the point of depression in the left side of the foetal head

in

fig-.

5.

PLATE XCL
Fig.
1.

2.

2A.
3.

3A.
4.

4A.

Chamberlain's forceps. Palfyn's forceps. Single blade of Palfyn's forceps. short straight English forceps with leather covering. Single blade of Orme's forceps. Leveret's forceps with head and pelvic curves. Right female blade of Leveret's forceps.

PLATE
Fig.
,,
,,

XCII.

1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

.,,

6.
7.

8.

,,

9.
10.
II.

,,

Pelvimeter after E. Martin. Pelvimeter after Collin. Colpeurynter after C. Braun. Fiddle-shaped india-rubber dilators after R. Barnes. Balloon for artificial induction of labour after Tarnier. Shapes of laminaria tents and compressed sponges in various Funis repositor after E. Martin. Funis repositor after Robert. Blunt hook. Key-hook after C. Braun. Smellie's perforating scissors,

sizes.

,,

Blot's perforator. 13. Naegele's perforator.

12.
14.

,,

15.

Trepan-shaped perforator with bayonet socket. 1 repan-shaped perforator after C. Braun.

,,

i6.

Bone forceps

after Mesnard-Stein.

xxiv

Contents of Plates.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

XCIII.

2.
3.

4.
5. 6.
7.

Forceps after E. Martin. Forceps after Nang'ele. Brush forceps after Ideler. Cephalotribe after E. Martin. Cephalotribe after Braxton Hicks. Cranioclast after C. Braun. Combination of perforator and cranioclast after

J. Veit.

PLATE XCIV.
Fig.
I.

2.

C. Mayer's glass speculum. Sims' speculum.

3.

One-bladed speculum

after Kristeller.

4.
5.

6.
7.

Simons' speculum. Uterine sound. Bullet forceps with clutch hook.

Spring- dressing- forceps.

8.

Curved

scissors.

9.

Schroder's scissors for incising os uteri.

10. Scarificator after C. 11. 12.

Mayer.

Squirt from intra-uterine injections after C. Braun.

after Simon. Recamier's curette. Uterine medicator after E. Martin. Bath speculum. Speculum for irrigating the vagina after von Preuschen. Dilator after Greenhalgh. Instrument to introduce sponge tents after R. Barnes. Double knife for the incision of the os uteri after E. Martin. Double knife after Greenhalgh. Knife for incision after Sir James Simpson. Hodges' vaginal pessary. Intra-uterine stem with holder. Spring- stem pessary after E. Martin.

Sharp curette

13.
14.

15.
16.

17.
18.

19.

20. 21. 22.

23. 24.

PLATE XCV.
Fig.
I.

2.

Complete procidentia Fibroma uteri.

uteri.

PLATE XCVI.
Fig.
I.

2.

Occlusion of the vulva. Atresia vagina.

PLATE
Fig.
,,

XCVII.

I.

2.
3.

Atresia of vagina. Retro-uterine haematocele.

Extreme

retroflexion of the uterus.

PLATE XCVI 1
Fig.
,,

1.

,,

Dr. Grigg's uterine dilator. forceps after R. Barnes. 3. Craniotomy forceps after R. Barnes. 4. Crescent speculum after R. Barnes. 5. Pessary for anteflexion of the uterus after Fancourt Barnes.
I.

2.

Long

Tiif.

A'

.\hirli,is llii,lll<,^

II

.hin.r.l.Mailii,

cii'iv

s^diM.:i-.,n\. ^rjnoi. rBrviv

PLATE
FIGURE
Female Pelvis with
(
I.

I.

its

Ligaments seen from above.

Erlaiti^cn,
I

From KiwiscKs Atlas of Obstetrics,

C.C.

S5

lumbar vertebra. B.B. Intcrarticular cartilage between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. C.C. Sacrum. D.D. Coccyx. E.E. Ilium. F.F. Descending' rami of the pubes. G.G. Ischia. H.H. Femora.
A. A. Fourth
a.

Lumbo-iliac lig-aments.
Sacro-iliac lig-aments, under which
lie

d.d.

e.e.

the sacro-iliac synchondroses. Sacro-coccygeal ligaments.

/. Sacro-coccygeal articulation.
g.g. Sacro-spinous ligaments.

Anterior

common

ligament.

Anterior pubic ligament. Sub-pubic ligament. k.k. Obturator membrane. /./. Capsular ligaments.
h.
i.

b.li.

Promontory of the sacrum.

FIGURE

II.

Perpendicular Section through the Pelvis to shew the Inclination and Median Line of the Pelvis.
{^From a Preparation in the Obstetiic Clinic at Berlin).

A.B. Horizontal
a.a.a.
/'.

lines.

h.g.

Antero-posterior diameter of the cavity

of the pelvis.

The

last three

lumbar vertebras.
f.

Promontory

of the sacrum.

i.k.l.m.

c.

Sacro-coccygeal articulation.

h.e.

Tip of the coccyx. Conjugate diameter of the pelvis. d.f. Antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic
d.

The curve of the true pelvis. This point is wrongly placed in the drawit should ing on the horizontal line properly stand on the lower margin of The lines runthe symphysis pubis.
;

outlet.
f)./.

Diagonal conjugate diameter.

ning to 7^ are to be drawn edge of the symphysis.

to the

lower

FIGURE
View
a.a.

III.

of the Right Sacro-iliac Articulation from behind.

Posterior part of the right ilium

sawn
|

b.
I

Sacro-iliac joint laid open,

through.

FIGURE
The Right
';.

IV.
laid

Sacro-iliac

Symphysis
a.c.

open from above.

Right ala
tebra.

lateralis of the first sacral ver-

Sacro-iliac articulation.

d.

Right posterior sacro-iliac ligament.

b.b.

Ilium

sawn through.

Taf,

II

Fifi.l.

Fig. 4.

Fig.

Fig. 2.

f'v-/

...'-.wi^

^^^rffSfej,,

yjarlinn lliimhitla a

II

.hlfl

i>.

.1

(ii

tin

PLATE
FIGURE
I.

II.

Female Pelvis from below.

a.a.
b.b.
c.c.

Antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic outlet.

Transverse diameter of the pelvic

outlet.

Right oblique diameter of the pelvic

outlet.

d.d.

Left oblique diameter of the pelvic outlet.

FIGURE

II.

Female Pelvis from above.

a.a.
h.b.
c.c.

Posterior transverse diameter of the false pelvis.

Anterior transverse diameter of the false pelvis.

Conjugate diameter of the pelvic

inlet. inlet.
inlet.

d.d.
e.e.

Transverse diameter of the pelvic

Right oblique diameter of the pelvic

f.f.

Left oblique diameter of the pelvic inlet.

sacro-iliac synchondrosis
is

(The

f which

should be on the Kft

omitted

in the

drawing).

c.g.g.

Right and

left

sacro-cotyloid diameters.

FIGURE

III.

Transverse Section through the Symphysis Pubis in advanced pregnancy.

FIGURE

IV.
state.

Transverse Section through the Symphysis Pubis in the non-pregnant

Fj 2-

Taf.

Ill

A'.

Marlin's llaiulalldH. IIAufl.

i:.

I.

Murlin

C^ee, S^ui-ltee.-.

^Wd.ciJMM

JB^,.ti

PLATE
FIGURE

III.

1.

Second Aperture of the Female Pelvis, or the so called largest diameter(7.(7.

Transverse diameter of the pelvic cavity.

Antero-posterior diameter of
thie

h.l.

pelvic cavity.

FIGURE

II.

Third Aperture, the so-called smallest diameter of the Pelvis.

a.a.
b.h.

Transverse diameter of the third aperture.

Antero-posterior diameter of the third aperture.

FIGURE

III.

Anterior Wall of the Pelvis from within.

a.a.
b.h.

Height of the symphysis pubis.

Total heights of the pelvis.

FIGURE

IV.

Perpendicular Section through the Female Pelvis.

a.a.

Posterior wall of the Pelvis.

to

Height of the posterior pelvic wall from the promontory of the sacrum
the coccyx.

the tip f

b.b.

Height of the true pelvis

at the side.

Taf,

E.Mfir/iii.--

HiniihiUn.'i.

UAll/7,

v.

A. >Inr/.

zA^tb. S-cruu-te/t^ S^yUv. S'vu>t. D3,<4

I'i,

PLATE
FIGURE
I.

IV.

Pelvis with the soft parts.

( Drawn from Nature.)
a.
b.
c.

Psoas Muscles.

Abdominal Aorta.
Ascending-

Vena Cava.

d.

Iliac Muscles.

FIGURE

II.

Position of the Viscera at the sixth

month of pregnancy.

iyDrawn from Nature.)

a.
1^.

Uterus.

Urinary Bladder.

(.

Stomach.
Transverse Colon,
Liver.

(i.

e.

T;if.

\-

Fi.U.

Fk- 4
Fiv.;i,

a^
FiO. 2.

f/

A'

Miirtiiin Ihiiiilalltm. II .hill, r

Martin

!.{($.

ScCxnCxe.. ,-U\

Snot

,'B,:,Cn,

PLATE
FIGURE
I.

V.

External Female Genital Organs.

a.
6.d.

Mons

veneris.

Labia majora. c.c. Labia minora. (The letter t/with d. Clitoris. Prepuce of the clitoris.
c'.

its

indicating line

is

not printed on the plate).

/. Urethral meatus.
"-.

Vestibulum.

//.
/.

Hymen.
Frenulum. Anus.
Perinaeum.

X'.

/.

FIGURE

II.

Outlet of the Pelvis after removal of the Integument.

( AfUr
a.

G. L. Kohdt.

The male andfemale sexual

orga?is,

Freiburg, 1844, and Kiwisch, Atlas).

Anus.
Sphincter ani.

b.b.
e.e.

Closing muscle of the vagina, or constrictor ani.

Clitoris.
clitoridis.

d.
c.

Glans

/./.

Ischio-cavernous muscles.

g.

The

left

bulbus vestibuli injected, by the side of the plexus of veins

in the

wall of the

vagina.
h.h.
i.i.

Transversales perinaei.

Levator
Glutei.

ani.

k.k.

FIGURE
Labia minora. Meatus urinarius.

in.

The Vulva with the openings of the Ducts of the Glands.

a.a.
b.
c.

Numerous small

d.d.

follicular openings round the meatus. Openings of the ducts of Bartholini's glands.

FIGURE
On

IV.

Bartholini's Glands.
{A/icr Fr. Tiedemann.
a.
b. c.

Duverncy's and other glands in woman, Heidelberg).

Right labium majus.

Bartholini's (or Duverney's or Cowper's) glands.

Excretory ducts of the same.

Tnf

VI

PiE

A'

Marliiin

llniliilla.s.

II

.lull r.l. .Vlariin

Llff). Scl-mtfLS^.

^itd,

aJ-KiA-- iB^t-iiM

PLATE
FIGURE

VI.
I.

Section of the Abdominal Cavity of a middle-aged Multipara.

{Normal

position

of the parts after Pirogoff, III. A. 22. Figure i). {Accompanying W. Braune. Atlas 0/ Topogiaphical Anatomy, Leipzig, 1868).
r.

text ly

U. Uterus.
V.

Rectum.

Bladder.

m.
/'.

Mens

veneris.

Symphysis pubis. P. Promontory of the Sacrum.

^.

Intestines.

and appendages were normal and lay between the distended bladder and There were no small intestines behind the uterus. From this it is seen that the uterus always lies between the rectum and bladder even in their most varied degrees of distension and that its position is considerably altered by their variations. The uterus The conitself in this representation lies considerably deeper than in the following. jugate measures 105 millimeters.

The

uterus

rectum.

FIGURE

II.

Section of the Pelvis with Distended Bladder and Urethra.

{After Pirogoff, II. A. 32.
U. Uterus.
V.

Fig. 20).
c.

{Text of W. Braune).

Bladder.

Tip of the coccyx. (The line in the drawing is drawn beyond the exact tip of
the coccyx).

P. Promontory of the sacrum.

.S".

t.

Symphysis pubis. Rectum.

m.

Mons

veneris.

The greatly distended bladder has drawn the peritoneum away from the symphysis a distance of 35 millimeters, and the uterus is drawn backwards and upwards by the stretching of the anterior wall of the vagina. The conjugate measures 102 millimeters. The rectum is empty and contracted. In this case again there are no small intestines to
to

be seen behind the uterus.

FIGURE
Section through the

III.

Abdomen

of a normally formed woman, aged 35, with the Bladder empty, the Rectum fxiU.
{Braune,
op. cit.)

{After Pirogoff, III. A. 21. Fig. li).

U. Uterus.
r.
r.
c.

Bladder.

Rectum. (Marked Fin the drawing). Tip of the coccyx.

P. Promontory of the sacrum.

.S.

m.

Mons

veneris.

Symphysis pubis.

The

section has not

gone through the median

line

of the skeleton,

and has not

divided the urethra and anus, but only the uterus. The angle with the vagina but is not anteflected. No small intestines and rectum. The conjugate measures 1 10 millimeters.

uterus forms here an obtuse

lie

between the uterus

ViO

Vis. 2.

"^

F.

Marlu, Hiunlal/u..

1/ .lull.,.

.I..Ua,l,n
.

IfC

S^(vCU-;t.e,.

^U(i c0M

.
.

.'Rtr in

PLATE
FIGURE

VII.
I.

Perpendicular Section of the Viscera of the Female Pelvis.

(Half the Natural

Size).

{After O. Kolratich, on the Analomy and Physiology of the Pelvic Organs, Leipzig, 1854, aw/

from a preparation of the

a.
b.
c.

Berlin Anatomy).

Sacrum.

The rectum The

uterus.

laid

open

in its

lower part,

The longer anterior lip. The shorter posterior lip. f The bladder. g. The symphysis pubis. h. The vag-ina. /. The urethra. k. The clitoris. /. The septum. m. The anus. n.n.n. The peritoneal covering'
d.
e.

of the pelvic organs.

(On

the fundus

is

written instead

of).
0.0.

Pelvic fascia.

/. Fascia transversalis.

FIGURE
View
of the

II.

Female Pelvic Viscera from above.

(One-third Life-size).

{After Moreau, Practical Treatise of Obstetrics, Paris, 1857.

a.
b. c.c.

Atlas).

The

bladder.
uteri.

The fundus

d.d.
e.

The Fallopian Tubes. The ovaries.

The rectum.

f
g.

The abdominal aorta. The ascending vena cava. The round ligaments.

h.h.

Tiif.M
Fi... I.

,.,^'

r'

Fio. 7.

,rfJiis*r:K=S?

Pii
Fi').
().

./

F.

Marliiin

ll,i(lall(is

II

Aiifl

,.

;,

Mui

liii.

Cltg. ScflCUsc

^i + K </M

SMfii,

PLATE
FIGURE

VIII.
I.

Dissection of Vagina, Uterus, Fallopian Tubes, Uterine Ligaments,

and Ovaries.

(Two-thirds Life-size).
a.
b.
c.

Fundus

uteri.

h.h. Vag-ina,
i.{.

with posterior rugae.

Body

of the uterus.

Round

ligaments.

Cervix.

k.k.
/./.

Broad ligaments.
Fallopian tubes.

J.
e.

Vaginal portion.
External os uteri.

m.7n.
0.0.

Fimbriated extremities.
Ovaries.

Anterior

lip of

the os uteri.

g. Posterior lip of the os uteri.

FIGURE

II.

Well developed Uterus of a FcBtus

(Life-size).

at term.

a.
b.
f.

Body of the Neck of the

uterus.

d.d.
e.e.

Fallopian tubes.

uterus.

Round

ligaments.

Cervical portion.

FIGURE

III.

Perpendiciilar Transverse Section of the Uterus of a Matvire Foetus.

Life-size).
a.
b.
c.

Fundus of the uterus. Body of the uterus. Neck of the uterus.

d.
e.

Vaginal portion. Vagina.

FIGURE

IV.

Perpendicular Transverse Section of the Uterus of a girl aged 7 years.

(A/tet A, Kussmaul.

On

the Absence, Arrested Development,

and Double Development 0/ the

Uterus,

Wurzburg, 1859).
a.
b.

Os

uteri.

c.

Cervical canal.

Uterine cavity, shews only a trace of the posterior uterine fold.

d.
e.

Puckered vaginal portion. Vagina.

PLATE YIU.(Continued.)
FIGURE
V.

Well-developed Uterus of a young woman.

(Life-size).
a.
6.

Fundus uteri. Body of the uterus.

Opposite the internal os uteri (Isthmus
uteri.)

d.
e.

Cervix.

External os uteri.
Fallopian tubes.

c.

/]/.

g.g.

Round

ligaments.

FIGURE

VI.

Perpendicular Transverse Section of the Uterus from the body of a young woman.
a.
c.

Fundus

uteri.

d.

Small folds of the cervix (Arbor

uterinus.)

vitai

Uterine cavity with the convex margins

inwards.
c.

e.e.

Vaginal portion.

Internal os uteri. (The line should point to

the upper border of the cervical cavity.)

g.g. Fallopian tubes.

FIGURE

VII.

Uterus with Broad Ligaments from the body of a

a.
6.

woman aged

79.

Fundus uteri. Body of the uterus.

c.

Cervix.

d.

External os

uteri.

Taf. IX

Fig. 2.

Pi^.4.

fA

Fie. 3.

K.yiiirUi.x IlinHladu.-.

II

.lull r .l-Mailiii

.'WS

S.cfi,at,. JH,

1;

cH,,

,.,t

.'Re-, r.n

PLATE
FIGURE
I.

IX.

Internal Sujface of Uterus soon after delivery at term.

(Two-thirds Life-size).
{A/ier Moreau, op.
a.aa. Cervix Uteri.
h.b.b.
c.c.

citi)

d.d.d.

Divided wall of body of uterus. Internal surface of lower portion of uterine cavity. Placental site with g'aping- lacerated veins.

FIGURE
(From
a.
//.

II.

Transverse Section of Uterus One Year after delivery.

the body of a patient

who

died of typhus).
e.

(After a drawing by Dr. B/inkmann).

Internal os uteri.

Fundus uteri. Walls of the body of the

Fallopian tubes
in

uterus.

/. Posterior lip of os uteri.

r.p-.

c.

Posterior wall of the uterine cavity.

the uterine walls.

Folds of the arbor

vitae.

d.d.

FIGURE
<7.

III.

Antero-posterior Section through Uterus.

Fundus

uteri.

e.

External os

uteri.

b. c.

Posterior uterine wall.

Flattened anterior wall of uterus.

Internal os uteri.

f. Elongated anterior lip. g. Shortened posterior lip.

h.

d.

Vasfinal vault.

FIGURE

IV.

Broad Ligament with rallopian Tube, Ovary, and Parovarium.

(After Kobelt arid Kiwisch,
a.
b.b.
c.

op. cit.)

Ovary. Parovarium.

d.
e.e.

The The

cystiform bulbous end of the same.

cut Fallopian tube.

Rudiment of obliterated duct of Wolffian

body.

f.f.

Fimbriated extremity.

FIGURE

V.

Section through an Ovary.

(After Kiwisch, op.
a.a.
cit.)

Section through recently ruptured Graafian follicle in a young

woman.

The

inner

membrane

of the hypertrophied follicle appeared unevenly puckered, and

coated with blood.

b.b.b.b.
c.c.c.c.c.

Sections of two follicles

some time

after rupture (corpora lutea).

Follicles in process of development.

Taf.

[',.

Marliirx llaiuladas.

ll.AuI'l. n.

I^

Marlin

aeg

S,sfi,u,Ue..

^U-R

cIi.i^,

^Sij-A&

PLATE
FIGURE
1.

X.

Peritoneal Tolds of the Serous Covering of the Uterus as shewing the direction and expansion of the retraction of the Uterus.
(After Matthews Duncan.
especially at the time

On

the chief direction

and expansion of the

the pregnant organ.

retraction

of

the

uterus,

of complete evacuation of

Archiv fiir Gyncekologie,

band

vi. s.

424, and a photograph of a preparation by the same author).

a.
b.
c.

Fundus.
Opposite the ostium internum.
Bladder.

d.
e.

Body

of uterus.

Fallopian tubes.

FIGURE

II.

Leaf-like arrangement of the Muscles of the Pregnant Uterus.

(After G. von Hoffmann.

Morphological researches on the muscles of the uterine body.

Zeitschrifl

fiir Geburtshiilfe

und Frauenkrankheiten,

876,

s.

448^.

P.

Peritoneal covering-, from which the muscular leaves arise and from which they overlap each other.

/. //. etc.
l.r.

First, second, etc.,

muscular leaf of anterior wall.

Round

ligament.

D. Posterior surface of uterus.

G. Vascular, or middle layer
PI. Placenta.
;

under which

lies the internal

or decidual layer.

<#^.

Tal.XI.

K. Mtirtiirs Hiniiiitdijs

IIAuH. V .I.Mai

tin

1C6.

Sifu^p^e. ^iHl .Du.A

,'Bivr Cii

PLATE
FIGURE

XI.
I.

Arteries of the Uterus.

(A/ler Hjril.^

Corrosion-Anatomy ami

ils

nsulls,

JVt //<;,

1873.
of

/"/.

XIII.)

Unilateral Injection of the Arteries of the Internal Genital

Organs

a Puerperal

Woman.

Posterior View.
a.
b.

Internal spermatic artery.

Inferior branch of the same.

c.cb'.

Branch

to Fallopian tube.
to

c .c

Branches

the ovaries, from which large branches run at a

.a

to the

abdominal

end of the Fallopian tube.

d.

The

inferior division of the internal spermatic,

e,

anastomising on the side of the

uterus with the superior branch

g.g.

of the uterine artery.

h.h.

Branches of the uterine artery whose ascending branches

side of the uterus with the internal spermatic artery.

anastomose on the

FIGURE

II.

Injected Arteries and Veins of a Pregnant Uterus.

Anterior View.
{After Hyttl, op.
cit.

Plate

XV.)
the

The

twisted arteries on the outer surface, few in

veins.

number and volume compared with

{a.a.)

The

veins converge on both sides into two chief branches

which at

once unite into one larger branch of a knotty form.

of the entire veins
dition of the
b.b. is

The interwoven arrangement

Varicose con-

seen to obtain also in the broad ligament.

venous

plaits.

Uterine Artery.
artery,
c.c.

The main branch

of which

is

untwisted as

is

that of the vaginal

'

The
5

so-called Corrosion-Anatomy consists in injecting the vessels with a solution of equal parts of

wax, turpentine, and copaiba.

!,

The organ

after being injected with the above,

is

placed

in

a solution of from

hydrochloric acid and water, and the soft parts allowed to corrode away. remain, etched out as it were. F. B.
to

The

injected portions then

r,if.

\ii.

Pi

>/:'

K Mnrlins

Ihuulathn:

II All 11 r.
.

I.

Martin..

eXf&. S^aiitee.,

iM\ I^^M

.'B^Eiif.

PLATE
Cervical Ganglion, Sacral
(After Frankenhaiisen.

XII.
left side

and Uterine Nerves of the

the

of a Pregnant Uterus.
smooth

The Nerves of

Uterus and their terminations in

muscular

filaments, Jena, 1867^.

/.

Right Fallopian tube.

ovary.

//. Rig-ht

///.

IV.
V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.
1.

Right round ligament. Uniting branch of the ovarian and uterine veins. Ovarian vein. Venous ple.xus going to the base of the ovary. Posterior fold of the broad ligament. Peritoneum dissected off and turned up.

2.
3.

Hsemorrhoidal nerve. Largest nerve from the fourth sacral foramen going to join the cervical ganglion. Nerve from the third sacral foramen going to the vagina and bladder across the
cervical ganglion.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Branch from the second sacral nerve to the cervical ganglion. (Sometimes absent). The largest branch to the cervical ganglion, from the third sacral nerve. Small nerve ganglion, attached to the cervical ganglion, from which proceed branches to the hsemorrhoidal plexus. Nerves communicating with each other between the vagina and rectum. Small ganglion, lying on the cervical ganglion, from which branches go to the
bladder.

9.

10.

11.

Vaginal nerves. The most external branch of the hypogastric plexus entering the cervical ganglion. The artery and vein perforating the middle of the cervical ganglion, frequently giving rise to a large opening of a ring-shaped appearance.
Cervical ganglion.

12. 13.

14.
15, 17.

16.
18, 19.

Branches running between the vagina and bladder. Nerve from the first sacral ganglion of the sympathetic to the ureter. Communicating branches with the vesical ganglion. Nerves passing into the deep structure of the neck of the womb. Communicating branches between the cervical ganglion and the innermost branch
of the hypogastric plexus.
(21).

20. Vesical ganglion. 22.

23, 24.
25, 26,

Branches of the same, some going to the deep tissues of the uterus, others communicating with the innermost branch of the hypogastric plexus. Nerves from the hypogastric plexus to the ureter. hypogastric plexus and cervical 27, 28. Superficial network of the nerves from the
ganglion
to the uterus.

29.
30.
31, 32.

Branch connecting the cervical and uterine nerves. Entrance of the ovarian nerves from the posterior surface. ganglionic swellJunction of the ovarian and uterine nerves, frequently presenting runs to the round ligament, the other (35) to the ings, whence one branch (34)
fundus of the uterus.

33.

The nerves

to the

Fallopian tubes, drawn somewhat too large.

Fii.i.

Tnr. \||[,

'i-r

'^n^*^-

He

mi'-u

Fig 3

f
\
I

Fis.2.

/'

Mnrt,\ Hnn.lallu^.

Il..h,n. f. A.

Martin

aC6. SifvM^.c.

^a-f'i

^u^

:',,.

PLATE
FIGURE
Mucous Membrane
(Afler G. Leopold.

XIII.
I.

of the Uterus on the first day after Menstruation.

Sludics on the uterine mucosa during menstniation, pregnancy,

and

childbed.

Archivfiir Gyncecologie,

band

xi

und

xii.

1877).

Mc. Mucous membrane. Ms. Muscular tissue. E. Epithelium of the free surface, still preserved and attached in some parts in others, wanting- or raised up by bleeding from the surface, but still recognisable amidst the sanguineous difbris. Glands, twisted like corkscrews, with dilatation of the lumen, most numerous in the D. middle layer; their openings are narrowed and turned inwards. The cylindrical
;

G. Vessels,

epithelium well preserved, in parts swelled with large nuclei. in part insufficiently injected.

B. Bundle of muscular fibres divided transversely. Z. Conical depressions of the mucous tissue in the funnel-shaped cavities between the limiting muscular bundles.

FIGURE

II.

Transverse Section of the Left Fallopian Tube (middle portion) on the Menstruation.
(^A/ter Leopold, op.
cit.")

first

day of

Z.

Thickened bulbous ends of the

capillaries.

tufts

of the swollen mucous membrane, with exuberant

The epithelium

partly preserved, partly pushed off the ends of the

tufts and mi.xed with blood corpuscles. R. Circular muscle, this like the tufts is interspersed with numberless red and white blood corpuscles, which are principally arranged round the dilated blood-vessels.

G. Vessels.

FIGURE

III.

Muco\is Membrane of the Body of the Uterus on the third day of Menstruation.
{After G. Leopold, op.
C. Exuberant, here
cit.)

and there denuded capillary networks, between which are occasional

depressions, the openings of glands.

E. The mucous surface in the first stage of desquamation. D. Glands more spiral and broader than in Fig. I. A. The arteries in the deeper layers of the mucous membrane. Z. Depressions of the mucous membrane in the muscular layer.
B. Muscular bundles.

PLATE XllL(Continued).
FIGURE
IV.
last

Fresh Corpus Luteum from 8 to 9 days old, 8 to 9 days after commencement of HsBmorrhage.
{A/ier Leopold,
C.
op. at.)

Corpus luteum.
Cicatrix, through

F. Follicle, the size of half a split pea.

N.

which the blood-mass

glistens.

FIGURE

V.

Older Corpus Luteum (5 weeks).

(After G. Leopold,
op. cit.

FIGURE

VI.
old.

Corpus Luteum, three weeks

{After G. Leopold, op. cit.)

The reddish-brown tough coagulum

is

closed in by a strong yellow jagged

mem-

brane, in the most external borders of which are seen numerous minute extravasations.

FIGURE

VII.
old.

Corpus Luteum., seven weeks

{After G. Leopold, op.
cit.)

The coat of the follicle half a millimeter in diameter, encloses a yellowish-grey nucleus containing a small cyst.

FIGURE
Almost Ripe

VIII.
Follicle.
cit.)

{After G. Leopold, op.

A
lilie

follicle

of the size of a small bean, with nucleus projects into outer wall of ovary

a cyst and has a thin wall.

Taf.XIV

Fi.l

y-r

Ph

#'^

4^^

'm

^-<
''m

Fig. 3.

\:^

E.yiurliiiH Ifainlatlas- II AtiH.

v.

A.

Martin

vM.

S^fUitxe,.

XiAK.&Mi..

SmUk.

PLATE
FIGURE

XIV.
I.

Lymphatic Vessels of the Non-pregnant Normal Uterus.

(After G. Leopold.

The lymphatics of the normal unimpregnated

uteius.

Archivfur Gymkohgie,

band

vi.)

Uterus of a
T. Fallopian tubes.
0. Left ovary.
a.
b.

Woman

aged 30 years.

Anterior View.

Subserous network of lymphatics. Branches to the Fallopian tubes.

FIGURE

II.

Uterus of a Sow, Blood- and Lymphatic-vessels.

{After Leopold, op.
cit.)

H.

Left horn.

T. Fallopian tube.

L.L. Broad ligament.

a.
b.
c.

d.d.
e.

Subserous network of lymphatics of uterus. Branch from the same to the Fallopian tube. Subserous network of the lymphatics of the Fallopian tube. Lymphatic ducts between the two layers of muscle. Duct in broad ligament. Ducts of the lymphatics of the Fallopian tube in the broad ligament.

FIGURE

III.

Blood-vessels and Lymphatics from the Uterus of a Virgin aged 25.

{Aftet G. Leopold, op. cit.)

A. Arteries.
V.
a.

Veins.

and
c.

d.
e.e.

Lymphatic vessels with raised endothelial membrane, resting on the margin and on the surface at b. Larger lymphatics, adjoining the blood-vessels. Branch from the lymphatic vessels into the lymphatic loculus. Lymphatic loculi with boundary of the nucleus of the same.
b.

at

a,

Ti^.l.

Taf. XV.

Fia.l'.

!:

yictrtiini lltiiij.illu^. II

AufLij.A.MarUr

(lu;.

.^sci'iui,-..

->',

n;

<rtM,rt.

fiS,-/:!',

PLATE XV.
FIGURE
Mucous Membrane
of the
I.

Body

of the Uterus at the fourth

a'l.)

month

of Pregnancy.

{After G. Leopold, op.

The decidua has become more like a network of cavities than a mucous membrane The tubular glands, as far as the under surface of the membrane, have changed into broad cavities, they are almost entirely denuded of epithelium with the exception of a thin basement membrane. The decidual membrane has become
with tubular glands.

spongy in consistence. Thick masses of interstial tissue lie at irregular distances between the enlarged gland-spaces, and generally contain the larger arteries. The boundary between the mucous membrane and the muscular layer is sharply defined.
Mc. Mucous membrane. Ms. Muscle.

D. Gland spaces. B. Muscular fasciculus. G. Vessels.

FIGURE

II.

Placenta and Uterus at the middle of the

fifth

month

of Pregnancy.

{Partly diagrammatic after G. Leopold, op.

cit.)

A. Amnion.
C. Chorion.,
J?.

Serotina reflexa.

Jis.
5".
-f-

Marginal

sinus.

B. Serotina with glandular layer. T. Line of demarcation between the uterus and the ovum.

M. Muscle.
Z. Chorion
villi.

FIGURE
Uterine

III.

Mucous Membrane 7 days after delivery. Transition of the in the Mucous Membrane of the body of the Uterus.
{After G. Leopold,
op. cit.)

Placental Site

Mc. Mucous membrane with gland-spaces. Ms. Muscles with commencing thrombosis.

Taf. X\l

Fii.l.

Fi'i.2.

['is,

1-

-^(B^

A'.

Murlin's llnndallus.

I/..

lull. u. .1.

AJui

tin.

Clf&. S*ft-u*it^.

^L-bfi..

gJmM-

.'Sj>1/I

PLATE
FIGURE

XVI.
I.

Female Mammary Glands.

(After Jules Cloquel,
a.
b.b.
c.

Human

Analomy, &c., Obstetrical Demonstrations, Weiviar, part

xi.

1S32J.

Nipple.

Mucous
Areola.

follicles

or the so-called glands of Montgomery.

FIGURE

II.

Side view of Female Breast.

(After J. Cloquet,
op. cit.)

FIGURE

III.

Lactiferous Duets and Lobuli of the Milk Glands during Lactation.

{After P. Dubois, Complete Treatise of the Art of Midwifery, vol.
a.a.
i.

Paris, 1849.)

Lactiferous ducts and their dilatations (the indicating line

the letters a.)

is

not attached to one of

b.b.

Anastomoses of the

lactiferous ducts.
fat.

d.d.d.

Connective tissue containing

FIGURE Two

IV.

Lactiferous Ducts diiring Lactation prepared and injected.

(After f. Cloquet, Atlas of Anatomy, Paris).

a.a.a.a.
b. c.

Lobuli of

mammary
of

glands.

Commencement

d.

a lactiferous duct. Sinus-like dilatation of a duct. Section through the mamma.

FIGURE
Lobulus of

V.

Mammary Gland

during Lactation (enlarged).

op. cit.)

{After P. Dubois,

a.a.a.a.
b.

Single acini.
Lactiferous duct.

Tar.:s:vE
Fi^.
1.

Fi(5 g
dvcL

E. Marlins

Hn ,/,.!/,

,.-,-.

H A77/?

n A. Mnr/

fA

,?;,(',

A ^r f lU^, (3^^^
.

03^.,,<',

PLATE

XVII.

FIGURE
Surface of the Uterine

I.

Mucosa changed by the development and Reflexa.

(Life-size).

of the Deciduse Vera

{After Reichert.

Description

of a premature human ovum

Berlin, 1873).

in

a state of vesicular development.

The
side

anterior wall of the uterus has been divided through the fundus from the
left

left

and the

border separated and turned back.

The
in

raised surface of the decidua

vera, triangular

by the development of the cotyledons,

on the posterior wall.

which the embryo

lies

encap-

suled, stands plainly out

u.
u^.
7/.

Body of the uterus. Fundus uteri. Margin of the uterus.

Cervix uteri. Cut portion of the vagina. Ovary.
Fallopian tubes.

u.c.

v.g.
o.v.
/.
/'.

l.r.

Infundibulum of the Fallopian tube with the fimbriae. Round ligament of the uterus.
Posterior wall of the uterus.

u.p.
ti.a.

Anterior wall of the uterus.

u.c^. u.l^.

Os

uteri.

q^.

d.v.

palmatae on the surface of the mucosa of the cervix uteri. Transverse folds of the mucous membrane of the vagina. Decidua vera, chiefly that portion, not concerned in the development of the raised plateau, on each side of the body with an almost even triangular summit pointing towards the cervix uteri and passing into the marginal furrow. The dark points indicate the orifices of the utricular glands which can still be seen at this period. In the drawing at d.r. the indicating line to the margin of the raised plateau is wantPlicae

ing at the
d.v^.
d.v.a.

left

side ot the posterior cut surface.

;.

.'

Right marginal furrow. The raised plateau of decidua vera pointed and triangular, developed into cotyledons and papillae. The cotyledons in the raised plateau of the anterior uterine wall have become unrecognisable through pressure. Groups of cotyledons of the raised plateau of decidua. The island at the base of the raised plateau in the lower portion of which the embryo lies embedded. The decidua reflexa (embryonic capsule) can just be seen above
the level of the raised plateau.

i} Papilliform island jutting out at the

s.i.

apex of the raised plateau.

Furrows between the

islands.

PLATE

XVU.(CoiitmuciI).

FIGURE

II.

Diagrammatic Transverse Section of a Pregnant Uterus, a few hours after the Embryo became encapsuled, which apparently took place on the 8th day after
impregnation.
{^After Reichert, op. cil.)
u.'
;/.' /.

i.^ SI.

dva. dv.

dv} ua. up. as above.

a.s.p.^

Dendritic and netlike furrows running- between the primary cotyledons. /.v. Vesicular shaped embryo.

Marginal zone of the embryo; villi partly in process of ramification. Free wall of the embryo. M. Layer of mucous membrane of uterine wall, especially the portion not connected with the decidual structure which receives the blind endings of the mucous glands. p.^up."^ Primary and secondary papillae in the cotyledons of the raised plateau of decidua
/.v.^

/.v.^

vera.
d.r.

X.

e.m.
vt.e.

Region of decidua reflexa with the basilar wall mostly free from villi. Near the cicatricula of the ovum at its free wall, where the lips of the marginal zone grow together over the ovum. Embryonic lemma (investing membrane). Coste's embryonic macula.

FIGURE

III.

An Ovum
(After
a.
b.
c.

laid

open

at the 21st day.

Leipzig,
1

R. Wagner, Icones

Physiologict.
villi.

839).

The chorion completely surrounded with

Amnion.

d.

The vesicular umbilicalis. The embryo with the allantois.

FIGURE

IV.

Ovum

with Embryo from the 7th to the 8th week.

{_After

R. Wagner,

op. cit.)

a.a.

h.b.

The deciduous membrane, and that part which adheres to the wall of the uterus (membrana decidua adnexa). That portion of the decidual membrane which directly surrounds the ovum, the socalled

membrana decidua

reflexa.
villi.

c.

d.
e.

f.

The cerium, chorion, dotted with The amnion opened. The vesicula umbilicalis. The embryo.

PLATE

XVIII.

FIGURE
Section of Pregnant Uterus with

I.

Mucous Membrane developed into Decidua at the 6th week of Gestation.

Human
Species).

{A/ier Coste.

General and Special History of the Development, 6^c., of the

a.a.
b.

Muscular and vascular layer of the uterus. Internal surface of the mucosa developed into decidua, which by the removal of the muscular layer allows the utricular glands to be plainly seen.

FIGURE
Section of Uterus and Placenta of a

II.

Woman who

died in the 30th week of Gestation.

Leipzig^ 185
i).

{After Al. Ecker, Icones Physiologicce.

a.
b.
c.

Root of umbilical
Chorion.

cord,

and

its

insertion into the placenta.

Amniotic layer of the

funis.

d.d.
e.e.

Foetal portion of the placenta.

Uterine wall.

ff. Villous branches, forming the stroma of the placenta. g.g. Decidual membrane. h.h. Prolongations of decidua into the placenta. i.i.i. Spiral- or corkscrew-shaped uterine arteries.
i.p.

Artery, entering the placenta.

k.k.k.k.

Extremely dilated uterine

veins.

FIGURE

III.

Injected Terminal Loop of Villus from a Mature Placenta.

(Magnified 350 times).

{After Ecker, op.
a.
b.

cii.)

c.

which has been removed from the chief portion of the villus. Prolongation of epithelial covering stretched through the vascular spaces of the placenta as continued into the denudations of the same. Arterial branch.
Epithelial covering,

d.d.
e.

Terminal loop returning as a vein. Fine capillary network.

Taf.XWll

<-rll..-

Ha,,.l..tln.-._

nAiif/. u A. >Tnrl

fJltk. S-r^hCUv-t^ ^iL.r-iM

PLATE

XVUl.^(Coniinned).

FIGURE

IV.

Placenta from the Internal Surface.

{A/Ur W. Hunter).
a.
h.

Funis with

its

vascular branches to the internal surface of the placenta.

Internal surface of placenta covered with the

amnion and chorion.

ex.
d.

Membrana

ovi raised up.

Border of placenta.

FIGURE

V.

External Surface of Placenta.

a.a.
h.

Single lobules of placenta (cotyledons).

Funis.

c.e.

Opening's of the so-called marginal sinus of the placenta.

d.
e.

Marginal sinus opened.

External surface of chorion spotted with decidual remains.

PLATE
FIGURE

XIX.
1.

Pregnant Uterus at the commencement of the 5th month from behind.

(One-third Life-size).
[ After

W. Hunter).

a.
h.
c.

Body

of uterus widened into a spheroid.

Cervix, hanging to the uterus like a cone.

External os

uteri,

studded with small swollen mucous glands.

d.d.d.

Vagina.

FIGURE

II.

Fundus Uteri of a Pregnant Uterus

at the

8th month,

(One-third Life-size).
{After W. Hunter).
a.
b.b.

Anterior smooth wall denuded of peritoneum.

Posterior wall arched prominently upwards, denuded of peritoneal covering, to

shew the enlarged

vessels, especially the veins.

FIGURE

III.

Internal surface of Uterus far gone in Pregnancy after removal of the Mucosa developed into Decidua, to shew the muscular fibres of the internal surface and

developed folds of the Arbor

Vitse.

(One-third Life-size).
{After W. Hunter).

T.-if.

XIX

fc>-

^S^-

/','

^ A

/-

71'''^

^"* 'f'

-l

'^-

^^O'

f^

Martins Handatlas.

//Jufl.z/-

A Maitai

Caffc.

S^iU^^.

i.tfi..

cSm^

."B/Tfi.,

Tnf \X.
.

FiE.l.

A'

Marlins

//iJ,n/at/as.

H .hiH

r. .1

Muilin

CU&. SffUvfew.. Xuti.aXi,^.. tri^tin

PLATE XX.
Side view of Abdominal Cavity laid open after partial removal of the large Omentum in a Woman far advanced in pregnancy,

(One-third Life-size). {A/hr W. Hunter).

(.1.

The The

uterus advanced in gestation.

right round ligament.

li.

c.

d.
e.

The right Fallopian tube. The fimbriae of the right tube pushed forwards. The ascending colon.
Coils of intestine.

/.y.f.

g.
h.
I.

Remains

of large intestine.
liver.

Right lobe of the

Left lobe of the liver.

k.
/.

Round ligament of the liver cut through. The diaphragm covered with the pleura.

Fitf. 3.

Taf.XXt
FU>. 2.

Pi 6.
3

1.

Pio. 4.

E.M,n-Nn\-.- Hni,,h.H,,.s.

UAuf/. a

A.

Mnrr<

iJIM.

S-cPi

I'.i

PLATE
FIGURE

XXI.
I.

Human Embryo

at the 9th

week,

(Life-size).

(After Sommering, Kiliatis Atlas of Obstetrics).

FIGURE

II.

Human Embryo

at the

3rd month.

(Life-size).

FIGURE

III.

Human Embryo

at the 16th

week.

(Life-size).

FIGURE

IV.

Human Ovum

at the 5th

month and a

half.

(Life-size).

;if.

X\ll.

X.

""^

"->'

E.yhirtin llninlatluH.

II

Jul'l r

.\-J

uilui

t'tl6.

SilUitf.e. fitfi

c^iii,

PLATE
Human Embryo,

XXII.
its

Funis, and Placenta, with

Membranes,

at the

6th

lunar month of pregnancy.

(Life-size).

(After Sommering, accompanying Kilian's Atlas).

a.
b.
c.

Internal surface of the placenta.

External surface of the placenta.

Macerated

villi

of the placenta.

d.e.

Amnion

in folds.

f. Funis.

T;if.

will.

Fi

<;

Fig.

5.

Fii.4

::p

Fis.l.

"^-^

A'

Marlin's /Irnidiillun

II

.lull n. .1
.

.Mai Un,

JlCfi.

SiivM^e.

_iiMi-. (iitwl

Sii

fall

PLATE
Internal Organs of an
(After
a.
b. c.

XXIII.
I.

FIGURE

Embryo

before birth.

Monau.
e.

Atlas).

Funis.

Junction of the umbilical vein with the

portal vein.
Liver, raised up.

Umbilical arteries.

d.

Urinary bladder with urachus. Umbilical vein.

f.
f'.

Ductus venosus Arantii.

FIGURE

II.

Festal circulation.
(After Hasse, by

H.

Strasser.

Spiegelberg System of Alidivifery,

877)

The

vessels

drawn white contain

arterial blood, those shaded

mixed blood, and those

dark contain venous blood.

A.

PLATE XXIIL (Continued).

FIGURE

V.

Meconium seen imder the microscope.

(A/Ur
C. Ruge).

This drawing coloured by C. Rug-e could not, for technical reasons, be reproduced
in

the

same way.
wooly hair (lanugo)
fat globules,
lies

A
lial

scales,

mucous globules and

across between the crystals of cholestearin, fatty epithedetritus, which are coloured greenish-

yellow.

FIGURE

VI.

Vernix Caseosa under the microscope.

(A/ier C. Ruge).

Wooly

hair (lanugo) epithelial scales in fatty degeneration, fat globules.

PLATE XXIV.
Section of a normally formed Pregnant "Woman about 25 years old, after death from hanging.
( W. Btaune, Alias of Topographical Anatomy^ l868.
C. U.
O.u.i.

Plate II. A.B.)

Body

of the uterus containing

ovum

at the

end of 8th week.

Internal os uteri.

C.u. Cervix uteri.

V.

Bladder.

d. Clitoris.

R. Rectum. V. Entrance to the vagina. c.t. Transverse colon.

F.i. Iliac flexure.

A. Aorta.
V.i.

Right

common

iliac vein.

and broad, with a conjugate diameter of 120 millimeters. than that of the male which is 60. The characteristic of the female vertebral column is the diminished prominence of the promontory compared with that in the male, as well as the marked depth and declivity of the pulvic symphysis. The position of the intestines normal there are none between the rectum and uterus nor between the latter and the bladder. The position of the os uteri low down in the pelvis, as well as the mucous plug emerging from it, correspond with the early period of

The

pelvis well developed

is

The

pelvic inclination

58, less

the pregnancy.

The decidua

vera,

is

plainly seen inside the muscular layer of the uterus, consisting

The gland tubes present punctiform of mucous glands, connective tissue and vessels. openings on the internal surface and can be seen with the naked eye. From above from
the anterior wall of the uterus the decidua
nal surface of the uterus, until
it

is

markedly

thin but continuous with the inter-

gradually increases

in thickness

towards the posterior wall

developed in the neighbourhood of the internal os uteri. At the superior thinnest point, corresponding with the middle of the fundus uteri, a fold is formed, the decidua reflexa, which extends downwards as a small membranous envelope of the ovum as far as the triangular extravasation of blood, which is drawn shaded. In the

and becomes

fully

above membrane which forms the external membrane of the ovum and is composed of chorion Iseve and decidua reflexa, only epithelial remains, connective tissue and rudimentary villi are to be found. An undulating delicate boundary line runs up backwards and forwards from the site of the extravasation and divides the chorion frondosum from The chorion portion, plainly distinguished by the drawing and cothe decidua vera. louring, only contains villi and vessels, and indicates the future site of placental
formation.

To
is

the peritoneum which stretches farther

down over

the uterus behind than in front,

attached a thin layer of fascia with undulating cell-tissue, which allows the separation similar of the rectum and vagina to take place during the dilatation of this organ.

condition obtains between the bladder and cervix uteri, so that the bladder

may be

cap-

able of considerable distension.

The more minute

relations of the

ovum, which correspond with the eighth week are

not recapitulated at Plate

XXIV.

T;if..\XI\-.

Miirlin's llaiuliidus. II Alill.li. A.^tlaitin..

Cit^^ SdMf^.e^.

^M\

GJ^Mt.lB/yi&if.

Taf. \X\-.

'^-\-

A'.

.Martifi's Uaiidiillan

H .lull

i>.

/.

.Martin.

CTf&. ScKii-tx^c ^Itfi, tOuM^. Uoz-r^u

PLATE XXV.
FIGURE
Uterus with Foetus in
{After W. Hunter
first
I.

head presentation.

and H. Fr. Kilian).

FIGURE
Uterus with Pcetus in
first

II.

breech presentation.

(After W. Hunter).

Taf, XX\-1

1m6

:!

o.t.-\i

K Matiiu's Hinidalliin

II

lull

r. ./,

Marlin

I'Uf.. SiPuU.-.s-. i'iH;

.'iii-i

^"i^'-ii

PLATE XXVI.
FIGURE
Section of the Frozen
I.

Body

of a

Woman
(After

in labour during the period of expulsion.

Bratine).
PL
d. a.

F. Bag- of waters,
u.
r.

Placenta.

Urethra.

Duodenum.
Aorta.

Rectum.
uteri.

o.e.o.e.

External os H. Bladder.

Pa. Pancreas.
v.p.

Vena

portae.

o.i.o.i.

Internal os uteri. Left iliac vein.

Af.

Stomach.

v.i.s.

L. Liver.

FIGURE

II.

Section through the parturient canal after removal of the child.

(After Braune,
V.
o.e.o.e.

op. cit.)

Vagina.
External os
uteri.

o.i.o.i. o.t.

Internal os uteri.

Opening

of Fallopian tube.

C. Cervix.

PI. Placenta.

FIGURE
The engagement
(Diagrammatic after Schroder.
f. Frenulum.
u. a.

III.

of the Head.
5th edit. p. 162).

Text-book of Midwifery.

Urethra.

H. Bladder. iK. Second sacral vertebra.

r.

Anus.

Rectum.

FIGURE

IV.

Commencing Expulsion

of the Head.
p. 163).

(Diagrammatic after Schroder,

F. Frenulum.
u.

2,K.

Urethra.

a.

Anus.

Second sacral vertebra. H. Bladder. r. Rectum.

if.

XWI

Fk.

I'ls-,:'

.j:

i:.Mrh,i\ llf,,ialls

II

'lull

,.

I.

Mai

In,

CW-^ &c)\Mr.<^.M\- SuaX..^mZlvy.

PLATE XXVII.
FIGURE
I.

The engagement of the Pace descending

{A/ier Schroder.
u.

first.

Text hook of Midwifery,

5 th edit. p. 178).

Urethra.

(The

indicating- line

has been drawn to the pubes instead of

to the

under-

lying urethra).
2.S'.

f
a.

Second sacral vertebra. Frenulum.

Anus.

FIGURE

II.

Cranium of Occipital presentation.

(After Hecker).

FIGURE

III.

Cranivim of Face presentation.

(After Hecker).

FIGURE
Cranium of breech

IV.
presentation.

(After Hecker).

FIGURE
Lateral Curve of the

V.
in breech presentation.
174).

Trunk during labour

{After Hodge in Spiegelberg, op.

cit. s.

'M.

XWI

i-ia.2.

Fig 4.

Fifi.l.

Marlin-x llaiulailus

//

.la/t

r.

A.Mariii

(.nil,

SctUltee-. J'U.fi,.r<M^l

I'SxT^ia

PLATE XXVIII.
FIGURE
I.

Occipital presentation.
(After Olshausen.

On

the supplementary diagnosis

child.

of the

moulding of the skull of the new-born

Series

course of labour by means of the of Clinical Lectures, No. S).

FIGURE

II.

Pace presentation.

FIGURE
Brow

III.

presentation.

FIGURE

IV.

Antero-f^outal presentation.

'nf

XXK.

f,

Marliit's [luiidatlus.

II Aul'l.

i'.A.

Merlin

cM.

S*fi.i.UA.. ^i.'Hi.cCJvu.i

.'ir'^tC-i

PLATE XXIX.
FIGURE
1.

Uterus with Twins in Cranial and Breech presentation.

{A/ler Smellie).

(Two

Ova).

FIGURE

II.

One Placenta with Twins.

{After C. Chr.

titer.

The Simple Placenta, Marburg, 1842).

a.a.
b.b.

Anastomising vessels of the two embryos on the internal surface of the placenta.
Junction of the

two amnions with each other.

FIGURE
Triplet afterbirth with
{After
a. b.b. V.

III.

two Embryos arrested

in development.

D' Outreponl.

Obstetric Demonstrations).

Placenta which belonged to fully matured foetus.

Prematurely dead embryos and their placenta.

Tnf.

XX\,

KJ

K Marlins

ilnn(/ul/ci s

11

Aul'l

f. .1

(iltui.

^Xtt,-

SAiaxc-.

1M'\,. cju^l:

^eit

PLATE XXX.
FIGURE
I.

Inflammation of the Mucous and Sebaceous Glands of the Vulva.

{A/Ur P. C. Huguier.
Genital Organs of

Memoir

o?i

the Diseases

of the Secretory Apparatus of

the

External
vol. xv.

Woman ;

in the

Memoirs of the National Academy of Medicine,

Paris, 1S50, 4, plate i).

FIGURE

II.

Abscess of the right Bartholini's Gland.

{After Huguier, op.

(Vulvo-vaginal Gland).

cit.)

FIGURE
Cyst formed

III.

by the

Dilatation of the Occluded

{After Htiguier, op.

Duct of the
cit.)

left Bartholini's

Gland.

A. Cystic tumour.

B. Introitus vaginae.
C.

(The

line is

continued beyond the

left

orifice).

protuberance formed by the

border of the vaginal

orifice.

T;,f

XXXl.

I
^,*=.
...
V

^
-'?.-

-**A

.JW;,fe.-"....

/"^

Fse,i_

-'.w

K.Martins llaiulullas

II

Aiill.v

.iMuihn

rtffe. S-cfvLitxc

^i-tfl

c3vwt.

ffl/xiEtii

iJ

PLATE XXXI.
FIGURE
I.

Morbid enlargement of the

{AJ'lcr

Clitoris.

D. W. H. Busch.

Atlas of Drawings of Theotetical and Practical Midmfery, 1838).

FIGURE
Follicular Polypus of the Cervix,

Ia.

which has become extruded from the Vagina by gradual elongation of the Stalk.
and Boivin and Dughs, plate
xvii).

(^After original observation

This figure

is

among a number

of impressions without special reference to them.

FIGURE

II.

Lupus of the Labia, the Vaginal

{After Hugtiier, op.
cit.

Orifice

and Anus.

plate 3,

fig. ii.)

A. Hypertrophied

left

labium majus.

B. Left labium minus destroyed at the base.

C. Cicatrised point of arrest of ulceration.

D. Meatus urinarius. E. Opposite ulcerating point in fraenum labii. F.F.F. Seat of ulceration with separation of the posterior and vagina.
G. Internal margin of the ulcer.

left lateral

wall of the

H. Entrance of vagina. (The indicating line has fallen out of the type, its indicating end should lie over (J). /. Extension of the ulceration to the point of union of the right large and small labia. JJJ. Growth on perinaeum and anus.

K. Swelling of

left

inguinal glands.

FIGURE

III.

Lupus of the Vulva.

{Perforating and Hypertrophic Ulcer after Huguier.

Memoir

on Rodent Ulcer of the Vulvo-anal

2, fig. i.)

Region.

National Academy of Music.

Vol. xiv. Paris, 1849, plate

A. A. Enlarged and infiltrated labia majora. B.B. Degenerated labia minora. C. Puckered portion from previous ulceration. D. Growth of perinseal raphe and folds of anus. E.F. Opposite the meatus urinarius and vestibulum. G.G.G. Growths at orifice of vagina.

T,if,

XXXII.

.^^!S^.

C ^^^^2^-'.

/;

MartniS

Iliin.lalUi ^

II .lull.

! .I.Ahuliu

Hf..

SlIiuC.c.

.JS'iMi

,ri,,,.i

.'i!.-vlu,

PLATE XXXII.
FIGURE
I.

Lupus of the Vulva.

(From an Original Drawing).

(Half Life-size).

(By

the kindness

of Dr.

Loretit, Director

of the Geneial Hospital of Bremen).

The history and description of the case are in the " Monatschrift fiir Geburtskunde und Frauenkrankheiten," edited by Cred^ Martin, von Ritzen, von Siebold, band xiii.

FIGURE

II.

Broad Condylomata of the Labia in a Pregnant Woman, removed in two Huguier without causing abortion.
(One-third Life-size).
(After

sittings

by

H.

Lehert.

Treatise

of Pathological Anatomy, Paris, iSjg).

large labia.

The growths on the prepuce of the clitoris are easily distinguished from those on the The growths round the anus are continuous with those of the vulva, so that
is

the entrance of the vulva

surrounded by them.

FIGURE

III.

Urethral Excrescence.

(Half Life-size).
(After Boivin and

Dugh)
orifice

A spongy growth

projects from the meatus

and displaces the

from the right.

w\

Tnf XXXIII

/>^\

hi
k

1-12

^iW

W
V^^

Fi.5.

^..cpWf'Sr^-^'l^

7;>^))./

K Marlins

lluudallas llJufl .i: A.

.\i

,..

,.

ClC6. S.-riut!ifc. JiiHl ^0M..t.S3l'iii.

PLATE XXXIII.
FIGURE
I.

Malformation and Occlusion of the External Female Genitals in a new-born chUd.

{After Aug. Fr. Giiniher.
a.

Commentaries on Hermaphroditism, Lips. 1846;.

Penis-like clitoris with prepuce

and opening, which, however, does not lead

into the

bladder.
h.b.
c.

Swelling resembling the labia.

Body of uterus

(cervix uteri

?).

d.d.
e.e.

Globular enlargement of the Fallopian tubes.

Fallopian tubes with fimbriated extremities.
Ovaries.

(Divided body of uterus

?).

f.f.

FIGURE

II.

Malformation of the Female Genitals by growing together of the Labia Minora and vmusual size of the Clitoris. The Internal Organs of Generation were normal.
{Ajlcr
a.a.
b.b.
c.

Gtiil.

H. M.

Becker.

Dissertation on Hermaphroditism, Jena, 1842).

The large abnormally developed labia joining together underneath. The labia minora grown together in their lower half. The clitoris measuring 2, 3 centimeters in length with a semi-canal underneath
ing to the meatus urinarius.

lead-

d.

The hypcrtrophied prepuce

of the glans clitoridis.

FIGURE

III.

Occlusion of the Vaginal Orifice by Malformation of the Bands of the Labia.

{After D. W.

H.

Busch, Atlas).

FIGURE

IV.

Coalescence of the External Genital parts as far as the Meatus Urinarius in an old woman, who had suffered from an intolerable Pruritus but had not borne children.
{After Boivin and

Dugh.

Practical Treatise of Diseases of the

Uterus, Paris,

1833.

Atlas,

plate 40).

FIGURE

V.

Hypertrophic Degeneration or Elephantiasis of the Labia Minora and Prepuce of

Clitoris.

{After

H. Herzog,

on the Hypertrophies of I hi External Female Genital Organs, Erlangen, 1842).

[if

XXXIV.

^f:^.K-

^'\:^i\

"s..

J,

-A.

K.Marlin-a Hanclallus.

II

.Udl .u. AMarlin.

df^.

.'?-(:A,ilt-x^. J?i ^^l-

JUwo^-. ^xitCivi

PLATE XXXIV.
FIGURE
I.

Occlusion of the Vaginal Oriflce (Atresia hymenea) with displacement forwards of the Anal opening in a girl aged 4 years.

(Half Life-size).
{A/kr
Gtisl.

Aug. Lolze.

Dissettaiio in sistens singularem

vagincB.

am

prater naturam coUocati

ct

atresia

JencE, 1S27, 4c. tab.)

d.d.
e.

a.
b.

Clitoris.

Small labia.

Urinary meatus.
Larsre labia.

Occluded vaginal

orifice.

c.c.

f.

Anal aperture.

FIGURE
Narrowing of the Vagina
{After S. Merriman.

II.

in a

woman

in labour

by an Ovarian Tumour.

Synopsis 0/ the various kinds 0/ Difficult Parturition with plates,

London, 182
a.
b.
c.c.

).

The symphysis divided. The sacrum. The urethra and bladder.

d.
e.e.

The ovarian tumour. The rectum.

/./.

The vaginal

wall.

FIGURE

III.

Acquired Partial Occlusion of the Vagina.

{After Aug. Ae. fans on.
a.a.a.
h.

Diss, in'de atresia vagincB acquisita,

c.

tab.

Francof. a.M. 1845-8).

The The

uterus cut

off.
off.

right Fallopian tube cut

c.c.

The broad

ligaments.

d.d.d.d.
e.e.

Exudation membranes.
portion of vagina dilated into a pouch. portion of vagina with rugae.
to

Upper Lower f.f

g.g.
h.h.
i.

Sound with cross-bar

expand the upper part of the vaginal pouch.

Sound

to

expand the lower portion of the vagina.

Neck

of the bladder.

k.k.

External genitals.

T,if.

XXXV

Fie

ViA.2

i6.4.

/','

Miirtiiis llaiu/allus

II

Aiifl

v.

.i

(iitiix

t-liffi

Sci'xiU7.c.

SuK

SHyi..Sij>r(i,'

PLATE XXXV.
FIGURE
I.

Prolapse of the Posterior Vaginal Wall.

{After R. Frura'p, Surgery.
a.
h.
c.

(Enterocele Vaginalis).

Copperplates, Heft. 86, 1841, Taf. 435).

e.

Vagfinal orifice.

Uterus.

Section throug'h the symphysis.

Bladder.

d.

Vagina.

Entrance to the vaginal enterocele. g.g. Rectum. h. Sacrum.

f.

FIGURE

II.

Prolapse of the Posterior Vaginal Wall.

{After Froreip, op.
a.
b. c.

(Vaginal Enterocele).

cit.)

Section through symphysis.

d.
e.

Bladder. Divided vagina. Section through the prolapsed posterior vaginal wall.

(Hernia vaginalis postica).

Divided uterus. / Entrance to the Hernia rectalis. g. Section through the rectum. h. Sacrum.

FIGURE
Vesico-vaginal Hernia.

III.

(Cystocele Vaginalis).
cit.)

{After Froreip, op.

a.
b.
c.

Divided symphysis. Vesico-vaginal hernia. Section through vagina.

Uterus.

e.

Stretching of peritoneal folds

uterus

between

and rectum.

f.

Rectum.

d.

FIGURE
Recto-vaginal Hernia.

IV.

(Rectocele vaginalis).
cit.)

{After Froteip, op.

a.
b.
c.

Divided symphysis.
Section through vagina. Uterus.

e.

Perinaeum diminished by the pressure of

the rectocele.

f.
g.

Rectum.
Stretching of the utero-rectal folds.

d.

Recto-vaginal hernia with prolapse of

the posterior vaginal wall.

Td\ XX.WI

Fifi.l.

xr%^>r --^^

Fi'i.2.
/'

^3=*^:.

>

r^?;
.^'

,,;a.^-

f^x

-'J-7tl. *"&

^.^_

.^

-Fin.

-I

Mclrlins HinllluH

II

lull r

A MuiUn

I.

UT-

ScCviu.'.fc, Jj, Hi

,n,i,.t

.'S.-rfi,

PLATE XXXVI.
FIGURE
I.

Vagina and Uterus divided by a Septum.

{A/ier Eistnmarin.

Tab. anal, uleri duplicis, ohserv., rarior

sistentes.

Argentor, 1752).

a.a.
b.
c.

Double orifice of vagina. Meatus urinarius.

Urethra.

/./.

g.g.
h.h.
i.i.

Double cervix uteri. Double body of uterus.

Round

ligaments.

d.d.
e.e.

Double vagina. Double os uteri.

Fallopian tubes.

k.k.

Ovaries.

FIGURE

II.

Two-horned Uterus and divided Vagina

(After Fr. Schroder.

in a virgin

aged

17.

Diss, de uleri ac vagina sic die/is duplicitatibus.

Berol. 1841).

a.a.
b.
c.

The vagina cut away. The OS uteri of left side. The external surface of
stands instead off

the cervi.x apparently divided

by one septum.

(The

letter

in several plates).

d.d.
e.e.

f.f.

g.g.

The two horns of the The round ligaments. The Fallopian tubes. The ovaries.

uterus.

FIGURE
Left

III.

Horn

of Uterus developed together with a rudimentary Right

Sterile

Horn

in a

married

woman aged

34.
vol.
ii.

{After Rokitansky.

Handbook of Special Pathological Anatomy,

Medical Ycar-ho;k.

1842,

s.

514, and

On

the so-called duplicated uterus in the

Oesterreich, Staates,

1838, vol. 26).

a.
b.

Left uterine horn.

Hollow cavity of right rudimentary horn, which is connected with the left developed portion by a solid flat band of uterine tissue about 3 centimeters above the external
OS uteri.

c.

Projecting funnel-shaped vagina.

Ovaries. Fallopian tubes. ligament. f. Right broad g.g. Round ligaments.

d.d.
e.e.

PLAT E XXXVI .(Continued).

FIGURE
IV.
at first for

Pregnancy in the Left Rudimentary Uterine Horn, mistaken

Gestation.

Tubal

{A/hr Hcyfelder

a7id

Ad. Kussmaul.

On

the Absence, Mal/otmalion,

and doubling up of

the

Uterus,

Wiirzburg, 1S59).

a.
b.
c.

Right half of body of uterus.

Cervix
uteri.

Vagina. e. Right Fallopian tube. f. Right ovary. h. Incompletely developed left uterine horn. Uniting portion in which for a short distance a small canal can be followed from /.
the right horn.
k.
/.

Left round ligament.

Muscular

fibres

which diverge from the

off.

left

round ligament

into

the

body of the

right horn.

m.m. Borders of peritoneum dissected

n.
0.
/>.

Left Fallopian tube.

Left ovary with a large corpus luteum.

Point of rupture with everted borders.

Placenta.

q. d.

Umbilicus.

g.
r.

Membrana

ovi.
1

Female embyro

2-5

centimeters long.

PLATE XXXVII.
FIGURE
Rudimentary Horn united by a
{After J.
Chr. Stan.
Czihak.
I.

solid

band with the

enlarged by pregnancy.

fully developed Uterine Horn Transverse Section.

Heidelb.
1

Diss, in de gravidiiate extra nterina,

824,

and Ad.

Kussmaul,
a.
b.

op, cit. s. 124).

Cavity of

left

uterine horn.

Cervical canal.

c.c.

Vaginal

cavity.

d.
e.

Decidual membrane. Opening- of tlie left Fallopian tube.

f.

g. Cavity of tlie
h.h.
i.i.

Muscular band of union. rig^lit pregnant horn.

Peritoneal covering.

Muscular layer with numerous divided

Placenta.

vessels.

k.

in.

n.

Funis to which was attached a male embryo at the 6th month of gestation. Right Fallopian tube.

FIGURE
One-horned Uterus from a

II.

child.

Drawn from

behind.
op. cit. s. 22).

(After Pole, Metnoirs of the Medical Society of London, 1794,

a.
I.
c.

and Kussmaul,

Right horn of uterus alone developed. Right Fallopian tube.

Left Fallopian tube. Left ovary.

(Uterus unicornis dexter).

d.
e.

Bladder.

f.
g.

Vagina with os

uteri

and vaginal portion projecting

into

it.

Right ovarian ligament.

FIGURE
Onc-hornod Uterus from the body of a
tenth time
;

III.

woman from
was

the left Kidney

6 to 7 days pregnant for the also absent.

{After Chaussier, Bulletin of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris, 1 81 7, and Granville, Philosophical Accompanying text of Kussmaul, op. cit. s. 122). Transactions, for the year 1818.
a.
b.
c.

d.

Posterior wall of pregnant uterine horn. Right Fallopian tube. Right ovary. Right broad ligament.

e.

f.
g.

Undeveloped Fallopian tube ovary, and broad ligament of the left side. Vaginal portion, Vagina.

I'iif,

XXX\I

1-1!;

\'v:

:,

/<rf^i
Fij.
(;

1^-.
^--

A'

Martins lliindattus

II

Autl.

o.

.-I.

Mai

ate.

S*ft.iU^.'. -Sl-td

eJ"->t.iB'>

PLATE XXXYU. {Contmucd).

FIGURE
Schema
of divided Uterine

IV.

Body indicated by Connective Tissue and Muscular Fibrous Tissue with simple Cervix.
{After Kussmaul, op. at.)

a.
b.b.
c.c.

Indication of cervix.
Indication of uterine horns.

e.e.

Ovarian ligaments.

/./.
gf.

Round

ligaments,

Fallopian tubes.
Ovaries.

Vasrinal cul de sac.

d.d.

FIGURE

V.

Apparently simple Uterus with Vaginal Wall continuous with Cervical Cavity.
{After a preparation in the Heidelberg Anatomical
a.
b.

Museum.

Kussmaul,

op. cit. s. 27).

Vagina. Simple cervix.

d.d.
e.e.

Fallopian tubes.
Ovaries.

c.c.

Horns

of the uterine body.

f.f.

Round

ligaments.

FIGURE

VI.

Dissected Uterus with two Horns and simple Cervix.

{After Gravel, Diss, in

De

superfcetatione conjcctura, Argenlor, 1738.

Accompanying

text,

Kussmaul,
a.
b.

op. cit.)

Vagina. Simple lower portion of cervical canal. c.c. Vaginal wall, thicker above, thinner below. d.d. Right and left halves of uterine cavities. e.e. Two protruberances in the neighbourhood of the internal os f. Fundus uteri.
g.g. Fallopian tubes.
h.h.

uteri.

Round ligaments.

PLATE XXXVIII.
FIGURE
I.

Cleft Uterus, with double Vagina, in a

{After Cassan.

young woman aged 30.

Anatomical and Physiological Researches on Cases 0/ Double Uterus, Thesis,

Paris, 1826).

a.
b.

Left round ligament.

Right round ligament raised up after dividing the layers of the broad ligament.
Ovaries.

c.c.

d.d.
c.

Cysts under the fimbriae of the Fallopian tubes.

Fold of peritoneum frequently observed

in

cases of uterus bicornis between bladder

and rectum.

FIGURE

II.

Uterus, divided from Vagina, with double Os Uteri after termination of Gestation
in left half,

drawn from behind.

(After Cruveilhicr)

a. a.

The two mouths

of the uterus.

FIGURE

III.

The same preparation opened

{After Cruveilhier).

in front.

Tiir.wwiii

-y

MartiitS Uanclallus

II

Aullc. .iMartin

an,

s^aiu,-_e,.

ivd

<0t4M,. 8^^ei

Taf.WXIX.
FlSl,

^1

'

I'*

Fie

Vie.

f
Fi^.4-.

rTi'BRfr'J'Pi'^

.-I'iVi'i^

Fie. 5.

FiE

(,

!:

Miirliii's /hiiii/allus-

II .lull.

I-

.IMarlin

tite

s.-riut--.c.

i"Hi cri,,^.ss^&.

PLATE XXXIX.
FIGURE
1.

Left obliquity of the Uterus.

(After a preparation from a single woman, drawn from behind).
a.

Unusually developed

left fold

of Douglas.

FIGURE
The same Uterus dissected shews a Cicatrix Os Uteri near the

II.

in the neighbourhood of the Internal

left

border.

FIGURE
Fundus Uteri twisted
forwards.
{After Tiedemami.

III.

to the right with Inflection of the Isthmus to the left

and

From

a single

woman

over 30 years of age.

distortions

On Duvemey's Glands

in the

Female and the

1

and

positions

of the

Uterus, Heidelberg,

840).

a.

Inflection to the left

and forwards.

FIGURE
Fundus Uteri twisted
to the left

IV. constricted.
cit).

and Os Uteri

From

a girl aged 15 years.

{After Tiedemann, op.

FIGURE
Fundus Uteri strongly developed
Isthmus the Uterus

V.

to the right.
is

In the neighbourhood of the

atrophied.
cit.)

{After Tiedemann, op.

FIGURE

VI.

Bulky vaginal portion of the above preparation from below with obliquely situated Os Uteri.

Tnf.XI.,

*-.

^M"^

^:

PLATE XL.
FIGURE
Anteflexion of the Puerperal Uterus;
I.

on the Posterior Wall at the placental attached a portion of Placenta.

site is

The patient was delivered by forceps on account of The placenta was expressed, apparently completely.
septic peritonitis, together with

retardation of the foetal heart.

Diphtheritic endometritis and

haemorrhage and

ischuria, terminated fatally

on the 14th

day after labour.

FIGURE
Puerperal Retroflexion
;

II.

Placental Polypus on the Anterior Uterine Wall.

{After E. Martin, op.
cit.)

Labour normal and easy.

Followed by profuse bleeding and phlegmasia dolens.

Death took place suddenly on the 29th day after labour from pulmonary embolism.

FIGURE
Retroflexion of the Puerperal Uterus
;

III.

the internal surface of which

is

lengthening of the Anterior Uterine Wall on situated the tineven placental site.
cit.)

{After E. Martin, op.

The

patient died on the loth

day

after labour

from puerperal diphtheritis

uteri.
is

The
open.

anterior wall

is

27

centimeters longer than the posterior wall which

laid

Tnf.Xl.l.

Pifi.l

FiS 2
.

Fi4.;i-

FiS

/I^Sr.

'

4s..^

Fia.5.

^'^iXa '*: W
-fel
n

Fig. 6.

ii)

K
/;

Marhns

J/.,.!a,/ ^

II

Allll ?..

Martin

aee.

SfftiM... ^w-fi-. eJx-wt- .^r-t

PLATE
FIGURE
Marked Anteflexion

XLI.
I.

of the Uterus.

{AfierLe Gendre, Homolographic Surgical Atia/omj, Fan's, 185S).

(I.

Symphysis.
Bladder.
Uterus.

d.
e.

b. c.

Rectum. Sacrum.

FIGURE

II.

Anteflexion of the TJterus soon after delivery.

[A/kr Li Gaidn,
a.
b.
c.

op. cil.)

Symphysis.
Bladder.
Uterus.

d.
e.

Rectum. Sacrum.

FIGURE

III.

Retroversion of the Gravid Uterus at the fourth month.

(Diagrammatic).

FIGURE

IV.

Retroversion of the Gravid Uterus at the commencement of the fifth month with considerable distension of the Bladder by retained Urine.
(Diagrammatic).

FIGURE
Womb.
{A/ier W. Hunter.
a. a.

V.

Distension of the Bladder by retained Urine consequent on Retroversion of the

Anatomia uteri gravidi)

b. c.c.

Abdominal walls divided and turned

back.

Bladder

full

of urine.

Intestines.

FIGURE
Retroflexed Uterus bound

VI.

down

to the

Rectum by Exudation Membrane.

{After Boivin and

a.
b.
c.

Dugh.

Diseases of the Uterus).

Symphysis
Bladder.
Uterus.

Vagina, dissected. Rectum. f. Sacrum.

d.
e.

T,ii. xi,ir.

l\.M,irhns //./al/us

11

.lull ,:.l

.Wa/Un

Hr}

^jCT\/i.\,i,

..:.&,

PLATE

XLII.
I.

FIGURE
{A/ttr F.
WiiickcL

Vortical Section of Uterus.

Tlu Pathology of the Female Genital Organs photographed A'atiire, Dresden, 1S77).
is
li/e- size

/rem

The

uterine cavity

almost

in

a straight
{o.i.

line,

i'-shaped, the convexity being- from the internal os

cavity the convexity

is

directed forwards.

the cervical cavity is more .sliyhily backwards at first, at the middle of the Are placed too low down in the drawin.i,'-,

they should be opposite the conve.\ity backwards).

FIGURE

II.

Vertical Section of Uterus.

{After Winckel, op.
cit.)

FIGURE

III.

Vortical Section of Senile Uterus.

{After Wiiiekel, op.
cit.)

Senile atrophy of vag-inal portion, atresia of external os uteri, dilatation of uterine

cavity.

FIGURE
Partial Prolapsus Uteri.
{After Winckel,

IV.

Hypertrophy of the Keck of the Uterus.

op. cit.)

B. Bladder.
]

v.

Anterior

lip.

R. Rectum.
h.

A. Cystocele.
lip

Posterior

of OS uteri.
|

FIGURE Myoma of the

V.
Uterus.
cit.)

{After Winckel, op.

posterior subserous intra-parietal

myoma

g^rowing outwards

in

the anterior wail

of the uterus.

FIGURE

VI.

Carcinoma of the Uterine Neck.

{After Winckel, op.
cit.)

R. Rectum.

o.i.

Internal os uteri.

The
uterus.

cervix

The

involved as far as the internal os uteri and on the posterior wall of the Douglas' pouch is unimplicated.
is

fmUfJ

II

vvr^

T.-if.

XLin

xVi

--

E,Mrli-sna,h,>l.'-^l/

Ml

"-^ ^''""-"

PLATE

XLIII.
I.

FIGURE
{Ajlei C. Ruge, Clinical Conlrihulions.

Retroflexion of the Tltenis in a new-born female.

Zeiischrift fiir
s.

Gehursthulfe wid Gymikologie,

hand

ii.

24, 1877).
o.i.

D. Bladder.

R. Rectum.
|

Internal os uteri.

FIGURE
{A/tei
o.i.

II.

Obtuse-angled Anteflexion.
Winckd,
op. cil.)

Internal os uteri.

T.

Thrombi

in

both walls of the uterus.

The anterior

wall

is

thicker throughout than

the posterior.

FIGURE

III.

Obtuse-angled Anteflexion.
{After Winckel, op.
cil.)

FIGURE

IV.

Obtuse-angled Anteflexion.
{A/ler Winckel, op.
cil.)

The

point of curvature

is,

in Figs. 3

and

4,

beneath the internal os

uteri,

o.i.

FIGURE V.
Right-angled Anteflexion.
{A//e/
Winckel, op.
cil.)

FIGURE

VI.

Right-angled Anteflexion.
{A/ler Winckel, op.
V.
o.e.

cil.)

Vagina.
External os
uteri.

o.i.

Internal os uteri. Considerable thickening of the anterior uterine wall.

FIGURE

VII.

Acute-angled Anteflexion.
{After Winckel, op.
cil.)

B. Bladder considerably displaced from relation with the uterus.

its

o.i.

Internal os uteri,

T.

Thrombi.

Taf. \l.i\'.

FiA

:.

!:

Mnrl(->r

Jlr/,il/:j.i. II .hifl i:
.

A.

.''^arlii

CtC&. S^f'uLvt^^e.

PLATE XLIV.
FIGURE
Retroversion of
I.

thie

Uterus.

{Afhr Winckd,
V.

op. cit.)

Vagina.
its

JR.

Rectum.
External os
uteri.

B. Bladder;

relation witli the cervi.\

is

o.e.
0.2.

disturbed.

Internal os uteri.

FIGURE

II.

Obtuse-angled Ketroflssion of the Utei-us.

{Af/er
li.
Wiiii-kcl, op. n't.)

Rectum stretched and united by adhesions to the fundus.

o.c.
o.i.

External os

uteri.

Internal os uteri.

B. Bladder.

FIGURE

III.

Retroversion of the Uterus.

{A/Ilt Winckd, op.
cit.)

R. Rectum. v. Vagina.

o.c.
o.i.

External uterine

orifice.

Near

the internal os uteri.

The

cervical canal

is

the g^landular tissue of the

markedly .S-shaped, the mucous membrane of the cervix and body of the uterus are degenerated.

FIGURE

IV.

Retroflexion with adhesions to the Rectum.

{After Winckd, op.
cit.)

Posterior wall thicker than the anterior.

Posterior

lip

lengthened, anterior

lij)

has

become
li.

obliterated.

Uterine mucosa normal.

V.
o.e.
o.i.

Rectum.

Vagina.
External os
uteri.

CD.

Douglas' pouch. B. Bladder.

Internal os uteri.

PLATE XLIV. (Coufinued).

FIGURE

V.

Retroflexion with adhesions to the Rectum.

(A/ief
J?. Rectum. . Bladder.

Wi7ickel, op. cil.)

o.i.

Internal os uteri.

a.a.

V.
o.e.

Vag-ina.

CD.
uteri.

Adhesions. Douglas' pouch.

External os

The
is

posterior wall of the uterus

thicker than the anterior wall.

follicles.

is bound down to the rectum by two The mucous membrane of the cervi.\

adhesions, and
is

liyperplastic

with cystoid

PLATE XLV.
FIGURE
Partial inversion of the Uterus in a
I.

delivery

woman aged 30, who died three hours viewed from above.
vol.
ii.

after

{From

the

Pathological Repertory oj

Anatomy ami Physiology,

Paris, 1826.

Obstetric

Demottstrations, part 8).

a.
b.
c.

Bladder.
Projection of anterior uterine wall.

Projection of posterior uterine wall.

d.d.
e.e.

Fallopian tubes
Ovaries.

/.

Rectum.

FIGURE

II.

Partial inversion of the Uterus.

{After Baillie,

Series

0/ Engravings, 2nd

edit. London,

Si 2.

Surgical Copperplates,

Weimar,

gth part, 1821).

a.a.a.
b.b.
c.

Vagina dissected from behind.

The

posterior wall of the cer\ix dissected to

show

the inverted portion of fundus.

Inverted body of uterus.

d.

Anterior wall of cervix.

FIGURE

III.

Partial inversion of the Uterus, five years after the occurrence of the inversion,

with prolapse.
(Life-size).

{After Boivin and

a.
b.

D ugh,

op. cit.

plate 12).

Firmly contracted

ring-

of cervic neck.

Inverted body and fundus of the uterus.

T^if,

Xl,\,

E.

Martin 's Hantla llu s

II

lull. v.. 4.

Martin

.Hi. ^rti^.SJxvfin

Taf.XlAl

-tOU ;_.;-,/

K.MaHin's ll.uulalla,

II

.lull r

.LMarl,n

tU&. S^Wt*.;..t'.tr,

^lu..t

;b

fin

PLATE XL VI.
FIGURE
I.

Inversion of the Uterus with prolapse, resulting from injudicious traction on tho Placenta.
{A/ier Boivin and

Dug}s,

op. cit.,

plate 12).

a.
b.

The

internal surface of the inverted uterus.

uteri.

Anterior border of the external os

FIGURE

II.

Prolapse of hypertrophied polypoid growth of anterior

lip of the

Os Uteri.

Half
{After W.

Life-sizej.

H.

Niemeyer, Zeitschrift fiir Geburtshulfe,

lip

band

i.

Halle, 1828, Tafel 5).

a.

Polypoid hypertrophied anterior

successfully

of os uteri extruded from the vulva.

(Removed

by

ligature).

FIGURE
Polypoid growth of posterior
{From a
a.
b.
c.

III.

lip of

Os Uteri
who

to a weight of 14 pounds.

case by

E. Martin, of a woman aged

Afi,

diedfrom hcemorrhage.

Diagrammatic).

Fundus

uteri to
lip

be

felt

on a level with the umbilicus.

lip

Anterior

of the os uteri. of the os uteri.

Hypertrophied posterior

FIGURE

IV.

Elongation of the vaginal portion.

(Half Life-size).
(After Boivin

and Dugh,

op. cit.)

a.
3.
c.

Vaginal portion of cervix

Posterior lip of OS uteri.

uteri.

Anterior

lip

of os uteri.
clitoridis.

d.

Pedunculated excrescences on the preputium

;il-

XLMI.

Fi,l.

t'iE.i.

//
,

""^^y

gt:-.
)

tr

S'^^

,..4^

,t^iWfefci^

Vii.2.

e-f
i-'ia.

V'Nii

Fifi.J.

i-

i/C

A' .V/a/-/i/;s

lla,ulatlu.s^ II Attfl.

u.

A.

Mart

(.%((.

StPiu-tec. ^irft

<3,,,^

.'B/nfiu

PLATE XL VII.
FIGURE
1.

Complete prolapse of the Uterus with elongation and hypertrophy of the

Cervix Uteri.
{From a preparation of the Jena Anatomical Museum, accompanying Surgical
Weimar, 1822, plate 61).
a.
h.

Copperplates,

Vag-inal portion of elongated uterus. Inverted vagina.

e.e

Fallopian tubes.

/. Bladder.
g.g. Fimbriae of the Fallopian tubes.

c.

Labia minora.

d.d.

Round ligaments.

FIGURE

II.

Pelvic Viscera in prolapse of the Uterus

drawn from

within.

Accompanying Fig.

I.

(^From Surgical Copperplates, plate 61).

a.
b.

Bladder.

d.d.
e.e.

Fimbriae of the Fallopian tubes.

Rectum.
Ovaries.

Round ligaments.
Ureters,

c.c.

/./.

FIGURE

III.

Complete prolapse of the Uterus following elongation of the Cervix.

(^A/ter

Matthew

Baillie.

Series

of Engravings, 2nd
c.

edit.,

London, 1812).

a.
b.

Meatus

urinarius.

Os

uteri.

Inverted anterior wall of the vagina.

d.

Vaginal portion.

FIGURE

IV.

Complete prolapse of the Uterus without Cystocele following prolapse of the posterior wall of the Vagina with Enterocele and prolapse of the Hectum.
{After R. Froriep, Surgical Copperplates, plate 388.
a.
b.
c.

Accompanying following plate,

fig. 2).

Meatus urinarius.
Prolapsus uteri with inversion of the vagina.
Prolapse of the rectum.

PLATE XLYU. {Continued).

FIGURE
V.

Complete prolapse of the Uterus advanced in Gestation with partial foot presentation of the Foetus in Multipara, aged 38 years.
{A/ler Wagner in El.
v.

.Sicbold' s JotirnaJ

of Midwifery.
v.

Diseases of

Women and

Childten.

Frankfurt on Maine, vol.

a.
b.
c.

1816, p. 615).

Meatus urinarius.
Prolapsed uterus with the fcetus in the inverted vagina. Os uteri, from which the right foot of the fcetus is extruded.

PLATE XL VIII.
FIGURE
I.

Prolapse of the posterior wall of the Vagina with sinking of the Uterus.
{Aficr Robert Froriep, Surgical Copperplates).
a.
b.

Rectum.
Dilated Douglas' pouch with prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall.
(Enterocele

cum

prolapsu vaginae posteriore).

f.

Uterus.

d.
e.

Bladder.

Symphysis.

FIGURE

II.

Prolapse of the Uterus with marked Enterocele and prolapse of the Uterus.
(After R. Froriep, Surgical
a.
h. c.

Copperplates, plate 3SS.

Accompanying

the preceding plate, fig. 4).

Sacrum and coccyx.

Prolapsed rectum laid open.
Perinaeal body.

d.d.
e.e.

Extremely elongated and thickened cervix. Peritoneal fold between the uterus and rectum.

/. Bladder.
g.
h.
i.

Symphysis pubis. Ovary.

Fallopian tube.
Urethra.

k.

FIGURE

III.

Prolapse of the Uterus from marked elongation of the Uterus with Cystocele.
[After

Rabat

Froriep, Surgical Copperplates, plate 417).

a.
1^.

Sacrum and coccyx. Rectum.

Protruded thickened posterior vaginal wall. Extremely elongated cervix.
Inverted anterior wall of the vagina.

c.

d.d.
e.e.

/
g.
//.
/.

Bladder.

Symphysis pubis.
Slightly prolapsed

body and fundus of the

tube.

uterus.

Perinaeum.

k.

Ovary and Fallopian

XIAIII
'\2
I

Pi'i,

!'

Marlins

H:in,/al/(i.s

II. lull

r.

Mailin

(ff.

Sffiui-.-

'.t;

PLATE XLWUL(Continued).

FIGURE

IV.

Prolapse of the Uterus following prolapse of anterior and posterior Vaginal Walls.
(^After Robert Ftoriep, Surgical Copperplates, plate 416).

a.
I.
c.

Sacrum and coccyx.

Rectum.
Posterior vaginal wall.

d.
e.e.

Uterus unenlarged, laid open at the Anterior vaginal wall.

side,

with occluded os

uteri.

f.f.

g.
h.
i.i.

\.
/.

Bladder divided into two compartments by the cystocele. Symphysis pubis. Urethra running downwards. Ovary and Fallopian tube. Ureter much dilated by continuous distention from below. Peritoneal fold between uterus and bladder.

m. Distended Douglas' pouch.

.

Rectum.

FIGURE

V.

Prolapse of the anterior wall of the Vagina with elongation of the Uterus. {From a preparation
in the GyncBcological Clinic at Berlin)

The uterine walls are considerably atrophied at the fundus there is an intraparietal myoma. An ovulum Nabothi is situated in the cervical canal. The connection between
;

the bladder

and uterus

is

loosened by an inversion of the peritoneum.

PLATE XLIX.
FIGURE
Elongation of the Cervix with prolapse
;

I.

fibroid growths in walls of the Uterus,

and

cyst at the Fundus.

(After Cruveilflier, Pathological Anatomy).

(One-third Life-size).
a.

b.
c.

Inverted vag-inal wall with thickened epithelial-like epidermis. Lips of OS uteri. Cervical canal much elongated.

Uterine cavity. Fibroid tumours in uterine wall. /././. Large cyst, with serous contents, above the larger fibroid.
d.
e.e.e.

FIGURE

II.

Elongation of the Uterus which prolapsed into a Crural Hernia.

(After Cruveilhier,
op. cit.)

(One-third Life-size).

FIGURE

III.

Perforation of the posterior wall of the Cervix with preservation of the peritoneal covering in a patient who died from Peritonitis six weeks after labour.
(After Cruveilhier,
a.

op. cit.)

Cicatrised rupture of the posterior wall.

FIGURE
The same

IV.

cicatrised rupture as in Fig. 3,

(After Cruveilhier,

drawn from

within.

op. cit.)

(One-third Life-size).

FIGURE

V.

Bladder-polypus or Cysto-sarcoma of the Mucous Membrane of the Uterine Cavity, caused by degenerations of the Utricular Glands.
{After f. Hope, Principles

and

Illustrations

of Morbid Anatomy, London, 1834, no. 218).

The

similar tumour in 1849, from the anterior wall of the uterus. cystic tumour, larger than a foetal head, was removed by the ligature passed into the uterine cavity. The recovery of the patient, aged 39, was permanent. Before the operation .she had suffered for years from severe uterine hasmorrhage which had rendered her ex-

The author removed a

tremely anaemic.
a.a.a.a.
b.h.h.b.
c.c.

Uterine walls. Utricular glands degenerated into bladders as large as cherries. Incision into the cysto-sarcoma.

Tnl.MJX

..^

>'

^.\fnrt,s Jt,ulullu<.

II

AurLi-AMaiUn

cm,.

S*ft,a{s.e..

^,

Fia.:'.

PiA,

1.

/---^

l(i

Via A.

ri2..-i.

Fi ^

!:

Marlius Ihuulallus.

II

lull

v.

a, Mr

eu6.' s^fviitj^.

.fim

cr(ii..i

.'R,.,c,

PLATE
FIGURE
I.

L.

Vaginal portion of Cervix with dilated Os Uteri, through which an Intra-uterine Polypus can be seen.
(^After Cruveilhier, Palhologi'cal Attalomy,

book

xi. pi. 6).

a.a.a.a.
b.

Dissected vagina.

c.c.

Hypertrophied

follicle.

Vaginal portion.

d.

Lower extremity

of polypus.

FIGURE
The Polypus,

II.

after division of the anterior wall of the Uterus, is seen the Fundus. (Same preparation as in Pig. 1).

growing from

(One-third Life-size).
{^Afler Cruveilhier, op. cii.)

a.a.a.
b.b.
c.

Lips of os uteri which projected vy centimeters below the polypus. Thickened wall of the uterus" with development of vessels. Fibrous polypus which has caused some inversion of the fundus.

FIGURE

III.

Perpendicular Section of the Polypus, seen in Pig. Uterine Wall.

a. b.b.

2,

which has grown from the

Point of continuation of the sarcoma into the tissue of the fundus.

Dilated veins
in the

sarcoma.

FIGURE
Fibroid

IV.

Tumour

of Uterine Wall,

and Follicular Polypus of the Cervical Canal.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Cruveilhier, op.
a.a.
n't.

book

xiii. pi. 6).

The

dissected wall of the uterus shews vascular developmeht comparable to that

seen at the third month of pregnancy.

b.

Fibroid of the posterior uterine wall underneath a thin divided coating.

d.d.d.
e.

Other

fibroids in the uterine walls.

Subperitoneal fibroid.

/. Follicular polypus of the cervical canal.

PLATE

L.

(Continued).

FIGURE
Fibroid

V.

Tumour

in the anterior wall of the Uterus, which has a Uterus far advanced in pregnancy.

grown

to the size of

(One-third Life-size).
{After Criiveilhier, op.
a.a.a.
b.b.
c.c.

cit.)

Thickened wall of the uterus with dilated vessels.

Internal layer, of the anterior uterine wall covering the fibroid, divided.

Divided fibroid, which contains

cavities, d.d., filled with serous fluid.

filled

e.e.e.

Divided veins in the fibroid partly

with thrombi.

PLATE
FIGURE

LI.
I.

Polypus of the Mucous Membrane and underlying Uterine Tissue which has grown into the Uterine Cavity from the Internal Os.
(One-half Life-size).
{After
a.
h.

R.

Froriep, Surgical Copperplates, part 8o,

Weimar, 1839).

Polypus within the opened uterine cavity.

Vertical section of the polypus, consisting of
fibres

mucous membrane, smooth muscular

and

fine vessels, after

removal.

FIGURE
Numerous Mucous growths

II.

in the Uterine Cavity.

(Half Life-Size.)
(After R. Froriep,
a.a.a.a.
b.

op.

at.)

The mucous

polypi in the uterine cavity.

to display the cavity.

Vascular mucous polypus opened

FIGURE
Mucous Polypus
at
{After

III.
its

Fundus, growths of Mucosa and

R.
Froriep, op. cit.)

Utricular Glands.

FIGURE
Interstitial

IV.

Submucous Fibroids

the Submucous Fibroid has grown into the Uterine Cavity.

;

(Half Life-size).
{After

R.

Froriep, op. cit.)

FIGURE
Numerous round

V.

Fibroids, partly under the Peritoneal Covering, partly under the

Uterine Mucosa.

(Half Life-size).
{After R. Froriep, op.
cit.)

FIGURE
Fibroid

VI.
after labour.

Tumour

in the wall of the

Fundus Uteri soon

(One-third Life-size).
{After Cruveilhier, Pathological Anatomy,
a.a.a.a.a.

book
site.

xi.)

Through

the walls of the uterus

b.

Placental

with large vessels developed by

gestation.

c.c.

Section through the fibroid.

T;if. L,l.

Fi-,

1.

Vii

Kig.

i
Fis5.2.

Fi^.5.

A'.

A/ort,n-.v

Haiuhitlas. ILAufl

v.

I.

Marti,

am.

S^fxut-.c SAtfl

.TT,,..,

fR,.-:?.

Tai.

LU.,

Fii.3.

FiA.4/
,-....:!r;i :
.

A'

Marliii's /Itiiii/al/ux. ILJilfl

v.

A. Martin..

CU6. S*^iW*..

-2i.t(l

S^MA.. iB^fiil.

PLATE
FIGURE

LII.
I.

Fibroid in the posterior wall of the Cervix and

(One-third Life-size).

Body

of the Uterus.

{Afler C. Wenzel, Diseases of the Uterus, Mainz, 1816,

a.a.
b.b.b.
c.c.

pi. 7).

Remains of the divided bladder.

Divided anterior wall of the uterus.
Interstitial fibroid, in the posterior

wall of the cervix, which resembled the present-

ing head.
d.

Smaller fibroid protruding into the uterine cavity,

"figure
The Tumour
{After C.
a.a.a.a.
b.b.b.b.
c.c.

II.

in Tig. 1 cut through.

Wenzel, op.
cit. pi.

8.)

Section of anterior uterine wall.

Section of posterior wall of uterus
in which the fibroid was embedded. Section of the fibroid, shewing numerous open blood vessels. Uterine cavity.

d.
<?.

Fibroid underneath the uterine mucosa.

FIGURE
Interstitial

III.

Fibroid in the anterior wall of

much

enlarged Uterine Body.

(One-third Life-size).
{After C. Wenzel, op.
a.a.
b.b.b.
c.c.

cit). pi.

lO.

Anterior wall of Uterus.

False

membrane

uniting anterior uterine wall with the abdominal wall.

lip of

The

anterior lip of the os uteri divided.

d.d.

Fibroid in posterior

os uteri.

FIGURE

IV.
3.

Section of Fibroid seen in Fig.

{After C. Wenzel, op.
a.a.a.a. a.
b.b.
c.c.
cit.

pi. ll).

Section through the richly vascular uterine wall enclosing fibroid.

Cut tissue of the interstitial fibroid. Divided anterior cervical wall.

Fibroid
in

d.

posterior lip of os uteri.

r,ii

LiJi.

Fig. 3.

Fis.I.

Fig. 2.

Fig.+

i-f"

A' .V/r/,/,\

//,/l/a:i

II

lull ir.l.

Mai

lin

.iC6, SJi,,i:i,. .Stli.<0M*t.. ,'8Mt:i,

PLATE
FIGURE

LIII.
I.

Cancel- of tho Uterus, with Cancer of the anterior wall of the Vagina posterior portion of the Vaginal cul do sac.
(Hali' Life-size).

and the

{After Cruvdlhier, op.

a.a.a.
b.b. c.c.

cit.

book

24).

The indurated bladder. The body of the uterus apparently free from cancerous infiltration. Cancer, in the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, commencing- to break down
front.

in

(/.

Lower

portion of the vagina.

FIGURE
(^After C.
a.a.
b.b.b.
c.c.

II.

Ulcerated Uterine Cancer.

Waizel, Diseases 0/ the Uteius, Fratikfort, 1816).

Uterus laid open from behind. Cancerous tumour of the cervi.x. Thickened Fallopian tubes with adherent Fimbriae.
Ovaries.

d.d.
e.e.

Rectum

cut through.

FIGURE

III.

Cancerous destruction of the vaginal portion of the Uterus and the vaginal wall between the Vagina and Bladder.
(Half Life-size).
{After C. We?izel, op.
a.a.
b.b.
c.c.c.

cit).

Body

of the uterus cut through from the front.

Fallopian tubes.

Surface of the tumour

the vagina.

in the situation of the

vaginal portion and posterior wall of

d.d.d.
e.e.e.e.

Border of vesico-vaginal fistula infiltrated with cancer. Indurated bladder and urethra laid open from the front.

ff. Divided urethra.

FIGURE
The Uterus, seen
{After C.
a.a.
b.

IV.

in Fig. 3, infiltrated with cancer, together with the Fallopian tubes.

]Vcnul, op. cit).

Posterior surface of the

Left Fallopian tube, bound

body of the down to

uterus.

the posterior surface of the uterus

c.c.c.

by adhesions,

terminating
d.
e.

in

three cyst-like dilatations,

side.

Adherent Fallopian tube of opposite

Posterior wall of the vagina.

Taf.

I,

IV.

'S^

,\

^^-

V\il.2-

<i:

K Mniiin's

Hiini/iilliis. II Aul'l n.
.

altin.

C%&. Scl'uilAC,

Jt'itll,

aJviof

.'Beii

PLATE
FIGURE

LIY.
II.

Careinoma Uteri.
Original drawing

torn,

a preparation of the Gynacological Clinic in Berlin,

8 70).

The whole
cancer.

uterus, especially
is

round about the internal uterine

is

orifice

invaded with

The
The

cervical canal

closed, the uterine cavity

is

distended with a tirownish

mucus.

wall of the bladder

also infiltrated with cancerous g-rowth.

FIGURE
Adenoma
{After Schrodei;

I.

Uteri.

Adenoma of

the Uterus.

Zeitschnft fiir Geburtshiilfe und Gynakologie, 1877,

s,

band

i.

189).

The glands seen

in

horizontal section have walls with cylinder epithelium.

Taf L\.

Vik.3.

'tM

MfSi^vd

' '

'

Mid/ :*/Sf,^

'

.Pi*.

f.

'

'

^^^i'i^i','"

...'7;

f^-^'isss

Pifi.l.

-;^5^

E.Martin's UniulatUie.

H AiiFJ- v. A Martin

C.%6. S-c-fiii.tAe.

Siifv. <?mM

(^e^.tw'

PLATE
FIGURE
Polypoid

LV.
I.

Adenoma

of the Uterus.
cti).

{After Schrodet, op.

Vertical skction through the whole tumour.

a.
b.
c.

(Life-size).

Pedicle.

tolerably large vessel running through the pedicle.

The

(/.

The dark parts pedicle ramifying inwards, displaying the stroma of the tumour. between the ramifications of the stroma are clearly seen on the cut surface, some small some larger, and are cysts of the size of peas. The lighter and more clearly striped part appears microscopically to be composed of solid connective-tissue and to be free from cysts, but small cysts of the same structure are to be seen by the microscope. The tissue itself has a myomatous character.
This portion as far as the next notch towards the
left, is

clothed with flattened epithe-

lium.

The remaining

surface

is

covered with cylindrical epithelium.

FIGURE

II.

Adenoma. Vertical section from the

{A/Ur
Schroder, op.
cil.)

surface.

FIGURE

III.

Adenoma. Section from the neighbourhood

{After Schroder, op.
cit.)

of the Pedicle.

At the
scence
is

The

the wall of a large cyst lined with cylindrical epithelium and an excreseen projecting into it, which is also clothed with cylindrical epithelium. neighbourhood of this and the other cysts is surrounded by connective-tissue.
left is
is

To

the extreme right

the

smooth muscular structure of the pedicle with rod-shaped

nuclei.

FIGURE
Adenoma. Longitudinal

IV.
section from surface.

{After Schroder, op. at.)

Gland
shape,

tubules, apparently solid, but

(a.)

Also glands

some of which are seen to have a small lumen. with their lumens occluded by pale glistening fatty particles of irregular

(Altered epithelium).

Taf.

L\l

EMarliii's llriiidallus

II

Aal'Lu A-MalUi\.

a6. S^'kMr.e.. S.M\

<n..jt. .SiiTPw

PLATE
MGURE
Diphtheritic Endometritis in a

LVI.
I.

woman who died, 14 days after delivery of a dead chUd, from Uterine Phlebitis. Retention of a portion of Placenta.
(One-third Life-size).
{After Crtwcilhicr,
op. cit.,

book

iv. p.

6).

a.a.a.
b.h.h.
c.c.c.c.c.

d.d.

Tumefied inner surface of the uterine cavity covered with exudation. Raised placental site. Veins filled with thrombi and detritus. Infiltration of blood round diseased veins.

FIGURE
Thrombosis of the Veins
in the

II.

drawn

Uterus and Broad Ligaments of the preparation in Tig. 1, from within.

cit.)

{After Cruveilhier, op.

a.a.
b.b.b.
c.c.c.

Round ligaments.
Blood clots in the opened veins. Veins filled with ichorous thrombi.

FIGURE

III.

Inflammation of the Lymphatics of the Uterus of a puerperal woman.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Cruveilhier, op.
cit.

bk.

xiii.)

a.
b.
c.

Kidneys.
Inferior

vena cava.

Aorta.
Ureters.

d.d.
e.

Rectum.

/. Posterior surface of the uterus

drawn

out.
filled

g.g.g.

Lymphatic vessels underneath the peritoneal covering of the uterus seen

with pus.

h.h.h.h.
i.i.i.

Lymph

cavities

and vessels

laid open.

k.k.
/./.

Exudation masses on the swollen ovaries. Distended lymphatics, in the course of the vasa spermatica,
Lyirlphatic glands.

filled

with

juis.

FIGURE

IV.

Chronic Inflammation with thickening of the Cervical Mucosa. Ectropion of the lips of the Os Uteri.
{After Boivin

CoUum

Tapyroides.

and Dugcs,

op. cit.)

Taf.LW

E.MlLriin's Hundallu.i. //..luJ'L

v.

A.A/arliii

CXll>- SifilU-Ke,.

^U/vd7i.iM S3tU.
,

PLATE

LVII.
I.

FIGURE

Posterior surface of a Puerperal Uterus with Inflammation of the Lymphatios, Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries.

(One-third Life-size).
{A/ler Cruvcilhicr, op. at.
a.a.a.
h.h.b.
c.c.c.

book

xiii.)

The lymphatic The lymphatic

cavities laid

vessels distended with pus, seen through the peritoneal covering. open after removal of the peritoneum.

d.
e.e.

Divided lymphatic vessels distended with lymph thrombi. Unimplicated vein cut through. Inflamed Fallopian tube.

f. Section of the left Fallopian tube thickened, and shewing its purulent contents. g.g. Ovaries enlarged by infiltration and covered with purulent exudation.

FIGURE

II.
1.

Section of an Ovary from Fig.

{After Cruveilhier, op.
cit.)

FIGURE
Section of a serous infiltrated Ovary, as
it is

III.

frequently seen in Metro-lymphangitis.

op, cit.)

{After Cruveilhier,

FIGURE

IV.

Softened Ovary in Puerperal Metro-lymphangitis.

{After Cruveilhier, op.
cit.)

FIGURE

V.

Lymphangitis and Thrombosis of the Veins of the Uterus in a 15 days after delivery.
{After Cruveilhier,

woman who

died

book

xiii.)

(Half Life-size).
a.a.a.
b.b.h.b.
c.c.

Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic

filled

with pus seen through the peritoneum.

after

The lymphatics uncovered

cavities.

removal of the peritoneum,

d.
e.e.

Thrombi
Ureters.

Diseased lymphatic glands. in the veins behind the placental

site.

f
h.h.

g. Kidneys.

Fallopian tubes.

TA

l.\'ll!

.)K,

Fiii.5.

A'

MivUn's Ihuuladu.^. ll.hdl.r.A.MuvUit.

ace. s,ciiat,xe.^itf;.

.:3u.i

Si'ii';,;

PLATE

LVIII.
I.

FIGURE
{After C. Ritge

Simple Erosion.
and y.
Veil,

The Pathology 0/ the Vaginal Portion. und Gyncekologie, band ii. 1S78, s. (I.15).
is

Zeilschrift fur Gehurtshiil/e

The eroded
which
rests

surface

universally covered with a soft simple cylinder-epithelium,

upon an irregularly-formed basement.

The
all

external appearance

is

that of

papillary projections alternating- vtWh smaller points,

epithelium.
papillae.

The The epithelium

evenly covered with cylindrical size of the papillary protruberances much exceeds that of the normal
itself

presents varieties in size according to

it is

its

position on

the
deli-

protruberances.

Whilst on the surface

short and non-ciliated,

it

becomes more

and the nuclei are nearer the bases of the cells. The stroma of the papillary projections was apparently full of nuclei and vessels. The border between cylinder- and pavement-epithelium is well defined. The basement cylindrical layer of the Rete Malpighi becomes larger and clearer, and furnishes the epithelium which covers the new growth.
cate and longer in the depressions,

FIGURE

II.

Microscopic appearance of foregoing Figure. To the right, the pavement epithelium remains intact; to the left, it is beginning to shew glandular depressions.

Through

the deeper

growth of the

epithelial

layer originate smaller and longer

glandular canals frequently ramifying backwards.

They may become bulbous

at their

terminations and present on their inner surfaces secondary fine papillary projections

covered with a
structure,

fine tufted cylindrical epithelium.

whose further development

into follicles occurs

The apparently completely glandular by segmentation of the more

follicular forms, is not, as far as

can be seen connected with excretory ducts.

FIGURE
{After C.

III.

rollicular Erosion.

Ruge and J

Veit, op. cit.)

The
disease.

anterior

lip

shews the projections springing from the

follicles,

whilst the posof the

terior lip, with the velvety projecting points, presents the

more papilliform aspect

For the microscopical appearance, see Plate

xix. Fig. 7.

FIGURE
Ruge and f.

IV.

TTlceration of the vaginal portion of the Cervix and. posterior vaginal Cul de sac.
{After C.
Veit, op. cit.).

The
tration.

connective-tissue beneath the ulcer presents a well-developed minute-celled

infil-

The pavement-epithelium of
looked as
if it

the vagina
blister, at

is

still

intact here
it

and there

at

part

it

were raised by a

another

had disappeared.

one Glands

penetrated deeply into the connective-tissue.

PLATE

LyiU.(Cotitmued).

FIGURE

V.

Non-scirrhovis vaginal portion.

(a.

Seen from below,

{After C.

6.

from transverse

sections).

Ruge and J.

Veil, op. cit.)

The

external surface smooth.

In the cervical canal

numerous edges and borders of

Microscopically the con-

irregular shape, partly of a hard cartilaginous consistence.

nective-tissue

The epithelium was appeared interspersed with newly-formed glands. pavement-epithelium which sent out irregular thickened conical prolongations into the connective-tissue which was arranged in stripes.

PLATE
FIGURE

LIX.
I.

Ectropion of the Cervical Mucous Membrane.

{A/ler C.

Ruge and J.

Veil, op. cit.)

Glandular depressions are present beneath the surface which is covered with cylinThey have small follicular formations. The tissue is full of nuclei and appears limited between the large masses of glands.
drical epithelium.

FIGURE

II.

Microscopic section of a Papillary Erosion.

{After C.

Ruge ami J.

Veil, op. cil.)

The

papillae are differentiated

by the depth

of the glandular depression.

FIGURE

III.

Clinically a suspicious, microscopically a non-malignant vaginal portion of the Cervix.

{After C.

Rage ami J

Veil, op. cil.)

The vaginal portion was irregularly conical with apparently a double posterior lip, from which protruded, like a tumour, through the open cervical canal, a mass as large as a hazel nut. The mucous membrane presented cock's-comb-lilvc folds. The external surface was covered with cylindrical epithelium. Numerous depressions of the epithelium in process of development. The connective-tissue abundantly nucleated. In and around
the vessels

nuclear proliferations.

which pass undivided close under the epithelium are scattered well developed The connective-tissue is traversed by large, long gland tubules.

FIGURES
Commencing Cancer
{After C.

IV.,

v.,

VI.

in a prolapsed Portio Vaginalis.

Veil, op. cit.)

Ruge and f.

Representations of the same preparation

inadvertently retained.

in figs.

4 and

5,

of which the

first

has been

The

erosion

is

not deep and consists of warty (cock's-comb-like) protruberances.

FIGURE

VII.
3,

Microscopic appearance of Figure

Plate

Ivili.

therefrom.

Numerous segmentations of They are large and

the glandular depressions, with the follicular formations

proliferate

between the bands of connective

tissue.

Tnl'.

LIX.

Fi2.:.

/SS*^:

^,,;aS!^

;>!

;\:

If^

Fii.!.

Pie

ii

I-'i^.4.

;.-''*'.{'

l-i^,7

/^

If, /

/y

^ 1
W^
\'

IL<2^

M^h

K MdHiirs

Iflin.lallun. II lull. r.
.

I.

Men

til)

CfK

5:f.r.iU?.<:.

^itft <0Mi^..S.e;i.

Fal"

LX.

Fis.i.

/,'

Mcirlurs llundalUa;. ll.lul'L

r.

I.

Martin,.

t'lE6.

SiPiutAe.. SiA'^.iBuM,.

ft!.

PLATE LX.
FIGURE
Circular rupture of the Cervix
{A/let C. Siattdf,
I.

and expulsion

of the Portio Vaginalis.

Case of Circular Rupture of the Cervix with expulsion of the Portio Vaginalis
Beitrdge zur GeburtshiUfe und Gynacologie der Gesellschaft fiir Geburtshiilfe
i.

during Labour.
zu Berlin,

band

1872,

s.

144.)

(Seen from above).

The separation occurred spontaneously by a sudden powerful

hours' labour, after

pain, after about 24

of rigidity

warm water had

been injected into the vagina on account

of the OS uteri.

The cervical rupture healed without any complications. The annular flat surface of the preparation has a transverse diameter
its
is

of

centiin

meters, an extreme diameter through

thickness of from 5 to 6 millimeters,

uteri

and

the

centre

the round

smooth-margined os

about the size of half-a-crown.

vitae.

The

inner

surface shews plainly the outlines of the arbor

Several long tags of uterine mucosa

hang from the margin of the os

uteri.

FIGURE
View
The

II.

of the above preparation from below.

is

external surface

covered by smooth mucous membrane.

Taf.LXr

^'

E.Martin's Hiuiilailuf;.

II Aiifl. v.

A.Martin.

eiM. SJUUm^. ^W-^. <Im^

SS-ct-fcii

PLATE
FIGURE

LXI.
I.

Transverse rupture of the upper portion of the anterior cervical wall.

{After Spiegelberg,

Maimal of Midwifery, 187S,

s.

605).

The

rent occurred in a universally contracted flattened pelvis during the seventh

labour, three hours after the liquor amnii

iliac fossa, the

had drained

off.

Face presentation over the

into the

lower extremities escaped through the rent

abdominal

cavity.

The

rent passes close under the internal uterine orifice through the whole thickness

of the anterior wall of the neck and part of the posterior and right side.

On

this side the

serosa has remained over the sound passed

in at a.

FIGURE

II.

Longitudinal rent of the Cervix.

{After E. Martin, Zeitschrift fiir Geburtshiilfe unci Fratcenkrankheiteti, 1S75, bd.
i.

s.

232).

The

uterus of a

woman who had had

is

three children presents a multiple fibromyoma,

one portion of which

included by the right side of the cervix.

This portion had apparfinally perforation

ently developed rapidly.

During labour

(turning, forceps,
in

and

and

cephalotripsy) a longitudinal rupture took place

the

left

side of the cervix opposite the

tumour.

The

folds of the

broad ligament were divided and a communication formed becavities.

tween the abdominal and cervical

Underneath the serosa several myomas of the

wall of the body of the uterus.

size of cherries are seen in the anterior

nif.i^xii

Fiii.;!

4)

vCV

Vi'j..2.

H
:\

W'il.ZM

Mart,,,:-.- //,{<, t/u:,-. 1/ .hill.,'.

I.

Marl,

IIT'

SAiUp.i..

Jli Hi

JDu^t

S:ii^eiH

PLATE
FIGURE

LXII.
I.

Dropsy of the Fallopian

(Half Life-size).
{Afti-r
a.
b.

tubes.

R.

Froriep, Anatomico-pathological Drawings,

Weimar, 1836,

pi. iv.)

Cervix uteri. Uterine cavity.

c.c.

d.
e.e.e.e.

Round litfaments. The left ovary, occluded inwards, laid open. The cavernous dilatations of the left ovary, laid open.

FIGURE

II.

Tuberculosis of the Fallopian tubes and the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity, in a young girl who died of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The peritoneum appeared free from tubercles. In another part, the original presents a haemorrhage (from a phagedcenie ulcer?) at the disintegrated vaginal portion.

(Half Life-size).
(After Cruveilhier, op.
a.

cit.

book

39).

The left Fallopian The Fimbriated

Right

h.
c.c.

tube, dilated in its outer half, and filled with a white cheesy mass. e.xtremity was occluded. both ends patent. Fallopian tube more distended than the left
;

d.

Ovaries. Uterine cavity laid open with the mucosa infiltrated with tubercles.

FIGURE
Bight Fallopian tube of Fig.

IIb.

2, slit

open longitudinally.

{After Cruveilhier, op. cit.)

a.

Unusually developed longitudinal folds of mucous membrane, with tuberculous masses scattered over it.

FIGURE
Pregnancy

III.

in right Ovary.
Life-size).

(Rather larger than Half

{After Willigk, Prager Vicrteljahrschrift, 1859,

band
old.

3, s. 85).

The ovum
a.a.
b.b.
c.

is

about three months

d.d.
e.

f
g.
h.
i.i.i.

The anterior uterine wall eight centimeters long. The wall of the uterus 2'6 centimeters thick. The mucous membrane developed into a finely-tufted decidua. The round ligaments. The rigHt ovary protruded through the anterior layer of the broad ligament. The occluded right ovary. The left Fallopian tube. The fimbriated free end of the left Fallopian tube. The sac of the ovum, 7 centimeters long, situated in the enlarged ovary, covered
with the folds of the
left

broad ligament.

'ill

LXIII.

Fi^.l.

A'

Marlins Hdiulullus.

II .lull. r.

I.

.V/ai tin

L^f6.

SiKuUe.. iAil..lu^

ffScrCu

PLATE

LXIII.

FIGURE

I.

Ovarian Cyst with gelatinous (colloid) contents.

(Half Life-size).
{After Cruvcilhiet,
op. eft.)

a.
b.b.
c.

Uterus,

drawn

to the left.

Round

lig^aments.

Right Fallopian tube.

d.
e.

Right ovary atrophied.

Elongated
left

Fallopian tube.

/. Left ovarian ligament.

g-g-g-gh.h.h.h.
i.i.

Ovarian

cyst.
cyst.

Prominent transparent

Evacuated colloidal matter.

Distended veins running along the wall of the
cyst.

k.

FIGURE
The same Cyst
as in Fig.
1,

II.

opened in several places.

(^Afler Cmveilhier, op. cit.)

A. Uterus.
h.h.b.b.
c.c.c.

Colloidal mass protruding from the cyst.

Patches of blood

in the cyst wall.

in

d.
e.e.e.

Larger non-ramifying vein

the cyst wall.

Venous networks on

the external surface of the cyst.

f. Cysts in the cyst wall, in areolar arrangement.

Taf,

IjXI;'

Ji&
/,

n-

Fig. 2

/ %
,/
/
''

_^-

'^'Spi^^''

'

Fie

Fia.3.

^.MKms-i
'

f
,1

y^\

-':

'

-v-'p

'llSl

\
'"""ofttesvj
~

^"^

E.

Martin's Huiiilatlus

II Aiifl r.
.

Marlii

J
C(.U>. ..).>ruU?.e..

^iKi lO.wi

.'ijitt'lu

PLATE LXIY
FIGURE
Dermoid
Cyst.
I.

Fat- and Hair-cysts with pieces of bone

and teeth from an Ovary.

(One-third Life- size).

{Afkr
a.
h.b.

Cruveilhier, Pathological

Anatomy, book

.wiii. pi. 4).

Fat- and hair-cysts.

Covering- of the cyst, in which

c.c.c.

d.d.d.
e.

Single hair-bulbs and Abundant chalky deposits are present. A larger chalk mass with alveolar margin and two

teeth.

FIGURE
The Chalky-plate, shaped

Ia.

like Maxilla, bearing

and Hair-cysts shewn

(Life-size).

two teeth. in Fig. 1.

Taken from

the Fat-

{After CniveiUuer, op.

a. b.
t.

cit.)

Chalky plate, Canine tooth. Molar tooth.

like maxilla.

FIGURE

II.

Hair- and Fat-cyst of the right Ovary, as large as a fcetal head, with small colloid The Tumour had caused an incarceration of the Pelvic Viscera. cysts.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Cruveilhier, op.
a.
t/.

cit. pi.

5).

c.c.c.

d.d.
e.

hair of some length, set free from fat by alcohol. Hair bulbs in the cuticular tissue, which Was developed at three prominences in the cyst wall. Two horny excrescences from one of the cuticular spots. Areolar colloid cyst with fat- and hair-cysts.

Mass of tangled

f.

Sound,

to raise

up bridge of cuticular

tissue.

FIGURE

III.

Adenoid Tumour of the Breast.

(Life-size). {After Birket, The Diseases of the Breast, London, 1850).
a.
b.

Firm

fibrous tegument.
;

The hypertrophic gland substance

epithelium.

the terminal dilatations of which were

filled

with

Taf.LKV:
Pie.:'.

^iei^r^--

J^J^

Fig, 3.

Fi2.4.

y^.

Fi.l.

J^
:^

E Martin

llrni.latlus. II .lull, v-

A MaitL
I

W.

ScduUi..

^W.fi.,

^M

Si^

!i

PLATE LXV.
FIGURE
I.

Cancer of the Breast with cancer-tubercles in, and under, the skin of an old aged 83.
[A/kr
a.
b.

woman

Cruveilhier, op. cit

book

27).

Right

mammary

gland degenerated.
in the skin
in the

Left nipple degenerated.

c.c.c.

d.d.

Cancerous tubercles Cancerous tubercles

varying

in size

from a pea to a cherry.

sub-cuticular and muscular structures.

FIGURE

II.

Carcinoma of the Breast with retraction of the Nipple,

{After Birket, The Diseases of the Breast, London, 1850, pi. ix.)

FIGURE
Compound mammary
hsematocyst.

III.

(Removed
band
i.

from, an old
1S63, fig. 50).

woman).

{After Virchow, Morbid Tumours,

a.
b.
c.

Nipple.

Fibrous indurated and shrivelled portion of the gland. Glandular tissue still remaining, but chiefly seen with dilated vesicles, round which, and in which, the cystoid cavities are present, partly as large round open sacs, partly as The contents consisted of a brownish fluid, from which fine longitudinal fissures. numerous rusty concretions had become universally attached to the wall. Also by
microscopical examination, numerous granular brown pigment infiltrations into the
partly sclerosed cartilaginous cyst wall of the larger sac.

FIGURE

IV.

Compovind proliferating cystoid of Female Breast with serous contents.

{After Virchow,
op. cit. fig. 51).

0. External integument, beneath which are three larger cysts, which

progressive atrophy of their septa.

walls of the three cysts,

have merged by Other shelf-like prominences are seen on the and are remains of septa which previously subdivided them

before their coalescence.

g.g.

Remains of original glands, compressed and indurated. At g the remains of the glandular parenchyma are more clearly seen, which partly extend into the neighbouring cyst and penetrates it as far as c.c.

PLATE LXW .{Coniinncd)

FIGURE V.
Diffused arborescent intracanalicular
(A//er Virchow, op.
cit.

myxoma
fig.

of the

Mamma.

86).

The lower

portion seems to be quite solid and thick, but certain lobulated structures

are recognisable, which in the section correspond with the masses which have

grown

to-

Above, larger gaps are seen between the walls of the lactiferous dilatations and the intra-canalicular excrescences, which last are easily recognised as such, and stand out clearly in their relation with the tissue of the At the upper part is a larger ectasia laid open. The warty excrescences at cyst wall. its termination appear more isolated.
gether and completely
fill

the lactiferous ducts.

PLATE LXVI.
FIGURE
I.

Bladder-mole, from a secundipara aged 39, at the fifth month of pregnancy. expelled with great difllculty, haemorrhage, &c.

It

was

No ovum was

found

in

the cavity which

was

filled

with brownish

fluid.

(Half Life-size).
{Original dtaiving).
a.a.a.
b.b.b.

Decidual covering-.
Cysts on the surface protruding- through the decidual membrane.

FIGURE

II.

Bladder-mole from a woman, aged 28, delivered four times at the eighth month, opened, so that the grape-like bladders protrude.
(One-third Life-size).
{After Boivin,

New

Researches on the

Origin of the

Vesicular Mole, Paris, 1827.

Ohslelric

Demonstrations,

Weimar, 1828, partg).

FIGURE

in.

Internal surface of the ca-vity of the Ovum -with the Chorion--vllli degenerated into cysts, after opening of the bladder-mole, expelled by a wom.an aged 24 years, primipara, at the seventh month of the pregnancy.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Cruveilhier, Pathological Anatomy,
a.
b.

book

i.)

Internal surface of the unusually firmly united

amnion and chorion.

Remains of embryo hanging

to

a thin thread.

FIGURE
{After

IV.

Hypertrophied (Edematous Chorion-villi from a bladder-mole.

H.

Meckel, Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fiir Geburtshiilfe in Berlin,

s.

ii.

jahrgang, 1847,

133, tafel2, fig. s).

FIGURE
the size of a hazel-nut.

V.

Hypertrophied cedematous terminal ramifications of the Chorion-villi from an

(Microscopic).

Ovum

(Two-thirds Life-size).
{After Gierse, Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fiir Geburtshiilfe in Berlin,
taf. 3, fig- 13).
a.
b.
ii.

Jahrg. 1847,

s-

133,

Epithelial covering of the chorion-villi.

c.c.

Network spaces
Nuclei of the

filled

with serum.

Connective-tissue.

d.

cells.

rar.i.wi

Vi&A.

i'^$i^:'\.

'^^^

^CJ^^iT '<>*

E.Marlins Hn,li!us

II .-lull

.1

Martiiv

Clt&. SiktUy.e.. Xitf>

./i.i.rt

.'KCT-ftii

Vi'lA.

Fia.J.

Taf.

LXMl.

MarlNi-s

llnilall<,>i. II

Ann

.1

Mailin

act;. Sc(i.iU.-.c,i;iHl

e3.n..1

ffi,.fii

PLATE LXVII.
FIGURE
Microscopic section of a
{Carcinoma smiplex, Waldiycr).
a.a.a.
b.b.b.
b.
I.

Mammary

Cancer.

(After

H. Bagel,

Ailas of Diseases of Women, Slutlgart, 1876).

Connective-tissue stroma.

Cancer stroma. Cancer bodies with cancer cells. Cancer body with almost normal gland acinus near
pears
to

to

it,

from which growth

it

ap-

proceed.

c.c.
/'.

Separate normal acini with small lumens. Lactiferous duct, shewing irregular proliferation and raising up of its epithelial cells with irregular branches. In the cancer bodies and proliferating glandular portions is seen an increased small celled infiltration of the stroma.

FIGURE

II.

Arborescent Cystosarcoma of the

(After Virchow,
op. cii.
fig'.

Mamma.

166).

To the right is seen a portion of the dilated gland-duct perforated with cavities and ducts (beneath the nipple), in which scattered broad masses of sarcoma are developing
from the rounding

which externally merge, almost imperceptibly, into the surthe left is the deeper portion full of cavities and ducts, which are filled with large polypoid, often dendritic ramifying excrescences, which in the drawing are partly laid outside. To the left and above, is a large thick knot of lobulated structure, which presents towards the right some scattered foramina (divided ducts). Towards the left it is completely solid. This portion does not belong to the gland but spreads into its fatty capsule and the skin outside, which is in some places almost cominterstitial

tissue

fatty tissue.

To

pletely destroyed.

FIGURE
Placental
{After E.
Ftci^ikel,

III.
villi.

On

Calcification

of the Placenta.
figs. 2

Archiv fiir Gyncccologie,

vii.)

band

ii. s.

373).

(Continued from
a.
h.

and 4 of plate

Villous terminations with complete calcification of the capillary branches. Xon-calcified branch of villus with bulbar thickened termination, with abundant
tration of round and spindle-shaped granulation
cells.

infil-

The

epithelial covering has

been removed by maceration

in

a solution of
b.

salt.

The drawing

of the villous branch at

corresponds with the condition found

foetus sanguinolentus.

in

con-

genital syphilis, also in the

most frequent forms of

PLATE LXYU.(Continued).

FIGURE

IV.
Placental apoplexy.

External surface of Placenta with multiple blood effusions.

{After Cruveilhier, Pathological Anatomy,

book

i6, p. i).

a.a.

Divided blood effusions

in the

cotyledons of the placenta.

FIGURE

V.

External surface of a Placenta with the impressions of old and recent extravasations.
(Original Drawing).
a.a.
b.b.
c.c.

Old extravasations with umbilicated depressions of the atrophied placental tissue. Openings of old blood effusions in the cotyledons lying deeper under the surface. Recent superficial coagula infiltrating the internal surface of the cotyledon.

(
PLATE

LXVIII.
I.

FIGURE

Seat of the Placenta at the Os Uteri, rrom the autopsy in a woman who died after 14 days' haemorrhage with convulsions in the eighth month of pregnancy. Pla-

centa praevia marginalis.

(Half Life-size).
{After Jewel' s
Obstetric Plate,

'

no

I.

Accompanying
182S).

Obstetric Demonstrations.

Weimar, part

<j.

a.
b. c.c.

Vaginal cul de
External os

sac.
I

uteri.

Blood coagulum.

d.
e.

Bag

of waters protruding through os uteri.

i

External surface of the separated placenta.

/. Placental site in the uterus turned back.

FIGURE

II.

Seat of the Placenta over the Os Uteri, from the body of a woman who died from uterine haemorrhage in the ninth month of pregnancy. Placenta praevia centralis.

(One- THIRD Life-size).

{After W. Hunter, Anatomj' of the Gravid Uterus, plate
a.
b.b.

xii.)

c.c.

d.

The vagina. The divided os uteri. The placenta lying in The membranes.

front of the child's head.

Till'

I,.\VII1

If.

E.Martin's Hundat/as

II

Jafl

ik .1

M, i,

Cll'6

.'?<^fi.iU.^^,,

lltfx.

Su^

.--

.''i-

'.If

l,\l\

Fi^.2.

Fis.L

.Marlins llninlullas

//

AuFL

p..

Murlh,

flfj;

SifixUxe^.Ji'iiti .nii^f

,8rifi

PLATE LXIX.
FIGURE
I.

Double Placenta.
{A/ier Fr. Mauer, Diss.
in.

Cur uno

ovo concepto placenta duplicata oriaiur, Jena, 1854,

c.

tab.)

a.a.
b.h.
c.c.c.

The two halves

of the placenta.

Unitingf portion of the

membranes.

Uniting umbilical vessels.

Funis.

d.

FIGURE

II.

Forked insertion of the Funis into the membranes

a.
b.b.b.b.
c.c.

at a distance

from the Placenta.

Funis.

Umbilical vessels passing along the membranes separated from each other.

Rent

in the

membranes through which

the foetus escaped.

d.d.
e,e.

Inner surface of the placenta.

Outer border of the placenta.

FIGURE

III.

Strangulation of the Funis occurring in prolapse of the Funis by unusual twisting of the umbilical arteries.

FIGURE

IV.

Twisting and strangulation of the Umbilical Cords in twins.

{After W.

H.

Niemeyet, Zeitschrift fiir Geburtshiil/e,

i.

heft. Halle, 1828).

%1.

Taf.

LXX.

E. Martin' .1 HuiuUitlus JlAufl. o.AMariin.

@J&.

SAiA^, U^,

cSwi. &bat<M-

PLATE LXX.
FIGURE
I.

Twisting of the Umbilical Cord.

{After F. Hille, Fifteen Cases of Twisted Umbilical Cord.

D. Marburg,

1877, Obs. xi.)

(Life-size).

The preparation is from a male embryo at the third month ot g-estation, and is mumThe whole of the abdomen is swelled up as in a foetus sanguinolentus. The long diameter of the body measures io"4 centimeters. The funis measures 19-7 centimeters. The funis is twisted throughout with the exception of a portion centimeters in length at the fcEtal end. The twisting-s are so numerous through their whole extent that it is
mified.
1 1

almost impossible to count them.

There are probably about twenty

twists.

FIGURE
{After F. Hille, op.

II.

Twisting of the Cord.

cit.

Obs. ix.)

plainly

Male embryo at fifth month. Long' diameter 16-2 centimeters. The fontanelles are felt. The cranial bones very soft and easily squeezed together. The left foot is clubbed. The funis is twisted to the right and measures 247 centimeters. The placental end of the cord is much distended. There are three places at which twisting has occurred. The first is at the fcetal extremity of the cord. It is 2-3 centimeters long, 0'2 wide, and presents 5 turns. A second torsion is found at the lower third of the cord, 2-i centimeters in length, 0^25 centimeters in breadth, with 5 turns. At this point it is continuous with a large ribbon-like untwisted portion of cord. At a distance of 1'9 centimeters from the placental end is a third twisted portion, the smallest, which only presents one turn. This only comes into view when slight traction is made on both ends of the
cord.

FIGURE

in.

Twisting and knotting of the Cord.

{After f. G. Blume, Cases of Twisting and Strangulation of the Cord, Marburg,
1

869, Obs. ix.)

(Life-size).

three months male embryo. After passing along in front of the thoracic wall the cord suddenly makes a bend down to the left, and forwards, to pass round the right side of the neck from the original twist to the left. At this point there is a bag-shaped dilated swelling, compared with the ordinary diameter of the cord. The point where the turn occurs, which lies underneath the first complete coil round the neck, is characteristic by its distinct colour and tenuity in its thickness and breadth. From this point, however, the cord is twisted 4^ times round the neck of the embryo, and on closer inspection is

markedly atrophied. It is to be noticed that in the relatively short extent of the third twist coil round the neck are six twists running from right to left, whilst in the whole remaining portion of the cord only one twist is seen and this does not belong to the coils round the neck.

Taf.

hXXl

yiarlln's lliliulatlu s

II

Autl. r

/.

Mm

tin

Offe. S^daixfc.

Sufv C0UM
.

?S/T

f,,

PLATE LXXI.
Placenta of twins with compressed Foetus.

{Ftom a
a.
b.

preparation in the Berlin Obstetric Clinic).

Macerated female embryo,

at

about the 4th month of pregnancy.

a feeble male
child,

The

placenta of the other

foetus,

born alive

at term.

c.

Extravasation of blood in the placenta.

d.

The membranes

of the dead

embryo which was

originally in the

same bag with

the

surviving foetus.

Taf.LXXII.

./

^g^^^f^-:

,!y

F.

Miulm's

lliulnlt.H

//.//(//.

/',

Marlin

C\(i>.

S-cdiiUt. Siik.

<0wM

Sic-

r.

PLATE LXXII.
Abdominal cavity of a

FIGURE woman who had

I.

carried a Lithopcedion 22 years.

(One-third Life-size).
{After

y. G.

Walter, Account

of a ivomanwho carried a St one- child 22, years

Berlin, 1778).

in

the Abdomen,

a.
h.
c.

The liver. The round ligament

Gall bladder.

h.

of the liver.

i.

The right leg, The large omentum covering

of the child.

the

back

d.
e.

Stomach.

k.

A vessel springing from the large omentum A

and going to the umbilicus of the foetus. second vessel running from the omentum to the foetal umbilicus.

f
g.

The colon. The jejunum. The left leg of

/.

the lithopcedion.

FIGURE
The
Lithopoedion in Fig.
1,

Ia.

removed from the abdominal

cavity.

(One-third Life-size).
(After f. G. Walter,
a.a.a.
b. c.

op. cit.).

The The

incrusted integument
breast.

drawn back

d.
e.

Right ear. Black hairs of head.

Right eye.

FIGURE

II.

Embryo which died from hasmorrhage during the fourth month of pregnancy in an uninjured Ovum. It became encrusted in the Ovum which was not expelled
until the eth month.
(After Fr. Aem. Knopff.
Diss.
in.

exhibens

novum

lithopcedii

exemplum,

fence,

845).

FIGURE

in.

Lithopoedion which was carried in the Abdomen by a peasant woman during 40 years, although two normal pregnancies occurred.

(Half Life-size).
(After W. Kicser, Lithopadion of Leinscll, Stuttgart, 1854).
a.a.a.a.

b.b.

External surface of the chalky covering with prominences And shrunken membranes, e.e.e.
Inner surface of the shell.

i.

Tumour

of the shrunken

lips.

k.

d.
e.

/.

Epithelium of the tongue hardened by layers of chalk salt. Right upper extremity.
through.

The

portion of the chalky covering

m. Right hand with phalanx of thumb cut Left fore-arm

f
h.

by the knife. Neighbourhood of the eyes.

cut through

n.

amalgamated with

the

g. Flattened cheek.

chalky covering.
0.

Nose pressed

flat.

Left knee.

Tcif

LXXin

Fi^.l.

ri.

5.

n&. 4.

^.f

E. Martin's Haiidiillait.

IIAuH.

p. .1.

.\Iartiii

Clf6

Sif^UUe.. litJ^

Sfn^

.'B^tfi.

PLATE
Hydrocephalus with spina

LXXIII.
I.

FIGURE

bifida in a child born naturally in the in the Obstetric Clinic at Berlin.

summer

of 1860,

FIGURE
Foetal

II.

head with hernia

cerebri.

(One-third Life-size).
{After W. Vrolik.
TabulcE

ad illuslrandam embryogenesin komtnis

1849.

el

mammalium.

Amstelodami,

Plate 43).

FIGURE

III.

Absence of Head and upper extremities in a

fatty

twin foetus 24 centimeters long.

(Half Life-size).
(After Sandiforl in W.
a.a.

Vrolik, op. at.

Plate 49).

The neighbourhood
nipple.

of the breasts

is

represented by a pair of folds with an imperfect

b.
c.

small longitudinal fissure, which leads to a cul de sac in a fissure of the sternum. Umbilical hernia covered with a delicate skin into which the thin funis is inserted.

d.
e.

Male

genitals with

empty scrotum.
toes.

Right foot with two

f. Left foot with three toes

and commencing

nails.

Heart, stomach,

liver, spleen,

lungs are present

in the

thorax which

pancreas and duodenum, are wanting. is formed by 10 ribs on each side.

last cervical

Traces of the

The

vertebral
10 dorsal

column presents a small moveable bone above the single vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae.

vertebra-

FIGURE

IV.
foetus with

Complete ectopia of the thoracic and abdominal Viscera in a female

cloacal formation.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
a.a.
b.b.
c.c.
cit.

Plate 22).
is

The internal membrane of the enclosing The amnion united the chorion covering
Placenta.

sac

the peritoneum.

of the placenta.

d.d.
e.e.

Umbilical arteries going to the short, almost undeveloped Openings of the ureters. f. Anus surrounded by the sphincter ani. g. Vagina. h. Blind opening representing anus.

funis.

i.i.

Two

folds of skin representing the large labia.

The

vertebral column

is

so bent

backwards

that the heels touch the occiput.

PLATE LXXUl. (Continued).

FIGURE

V.

Absence of one of the lower extremities.

Monopodia.

CHalf Life-size, One-fourth Natural Size).

{A/Ur
a.
b.

Vrolik, op.

cit.

Plate 63).

Funis half an inch long, torn by the delivery of child by forceps. Large umbilical hernia with very thin walls through which are seen the
intestines,

liver

and

c.

d.

Cleft in the skin, into which a sound can be pushed some Three toes seen on the single left lower extremity.

distance.

PLATE LXXIV
FIGURE
I.

Ruptured congenital umbilical hernia, Acrania, cyclopia with proboscis and absence
of the superior Maxilla.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

Plate 26).

a.
/'.

Absence of cranial
Proboscis.

vault.
.1

c.
(/.

Monoculus.

The

ears

grown

togfether

on account of absence of cranium,

in

c.t-.

Ectropion of abdominal viscera

congenital umbilical hernia which has ruptured.

result.

The

vertebral column has

become markedly curved as a

FIGURE
Male
foetus

II.

born in foot presentation with hydrocephalus.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

Plate 35).
fluid

The

extremities are very short, the

abdomen large although no

was contained

in

it.

FIGURE

III.

Anencephalous foetus with distended backward cranial

Ears below.
(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

cleft.

Eyes situated above,

Plate 41).

FIGURE

IV.

new-born female

foetus

with coccygeal tumour which should contain another

foetus.

(Foetus in foetu).

(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

Plate 100).

Taf.LWIV

Fia

Fi^ 2.

Fi^.l

Fii.

Martin's Handatlus

II .lufl

, .1 .Varlir

t56. S-cftii,U&. ^w-fi, ,0,^

S^fc,.

Taf-

l.X.W.

Fig. 4.

Flii

Jl

i'i!;.;;.

m
N

Fie

1'

Fie.

i:

Martin' llnndnltas

U luP

Marlln

Iffi

SvAutxc.

i^Utft-.

gJmM.- SiiyUiu

PLATE LXXV.
FIGURE
I.

Growing together of the cranial integument and the Placenta, Hernia cerebri. Double hare-lip and fissured palate, and ectropion of the Heart in a male foetus
at term.

(One-third Life-size).
{After VroUk, op.
a.
cit.

Plate 27).
ring-lilce constriction,

On

the index fing-er of the right the right middle finger there

hand was a

and

at the tip of

was a

thread-lilie

appendage.

FIGURE
Sympodia.

II.

Monstrum

sireniforme.

(One-third Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

Plate 65).

a.
b.

Remains of

the umbilicus, which, as

is

usual in such cases, only presents one artery.

genital organs

Fold of skin containing a

such cases, are absent.

testicle, whilst the

and anus, as

is

usual in

FIGURE

in.
extremities.

Growing together of both lower

(Half Life-size).
(

Cruveilhier, Pathological

Anatomy, book 40.

Plate 6).

a.
b.b.

Club hand. Both legs are completely developed, but are enclosed
as the insteps.
in

common

integument as far

The

feet

have

the soles turned in towards each other.

c.

small wart as indication of the external genitals.

FIGURE

rV.

Cyclopia with Proboscis and Hydrocephalus in a twin child.

{After Otto. Monstrorum sexcentorum de scrip tic anatomica,
Vratislar, 1841, pi.
ii.

fig. 3).

PLATE hXXV .(Continued).

FIGURE

V.

Incomplete development of the Finger, so-called self-amputation.

(Life-size).
(^A/ter Vrolik, op. cit.

Plate 76).

FIGURE

VI.

One-headed double monster, Janiceps.

(One-fourth Life-size).
{After Vrolik, op.
cit.

Plate 96).

On

the posterior surface of the head are two other external ears which have

grown

together.

PLATE LXXVI.
FIGURE
I.

Double monster with two heads, four arms, and three legs, which was born immediately after the delivery of a male child at term. The mother, a strong peasant woman, aged 35 (mother of five sons, of which two were twins, and three daughters), was delivered by two midwives.
(One-third Life-size).
{^AflerJ. G.
Waller, Anatomical Observations, Berlin, 1782).
}

a.
b.
c.

Scrotum without
Occluded anus.

testicles.

Common

third of lower extremity with 8 toes (two of

which are united by firm connec-

tive-tissue).
d.d.

The common

umbilicus, which

was about

3 ells long.

FIGURE
Skeleton of figure
1.

II.

Double monster with common

Pelvis.

(One-third Life-size).
(After J. G. Walter, op. at.)

FIGURE
Division of joints

in.

by exudation membranes. Amputatio spontanea.

and duration of Pregnancy.

{After W. F. Montgomery, Study of the Signs, Symptoms,

edition

German

of Schwann, Bonn, 1839.

Tiif.LXWI

K.Mnrliit's HainLallus.

II .lull

A Marlin

ifl&-

S^PiUt:^^.

^U^.

oJ-vuyt. ^.M-ft-w

Taf^ L'XXMI.

=.^1

A'

MiirlniH linn<liilUis-

I! .hill,

.IMurtin

CM.

S^fvut-.*.. ^Urfv, <T,i^l

SxTEi.,

PLATE LXXVII.
FIGURE
I.

Transverse presentation in the Uterus laid open during the seventh month of pregnancy.
{Afler
a.
b.

H. Fr.

Kilian, obstetric atlas.)

Internal surface of the dissected uterine wall.

Decidua.
Chorion.

c.

d.

Amnion.

h.

Vagina

laid open.

The

letters

do not correspond

to the

drawing.

FIGURE

II.

Transverse presentation with prolapsed arm, head to the right, feet to the backwards.
(Diagrammatic).

left

and

Taf.

LXXVIH.

Pii2.

li^.3.

Fig.

.5.

P^.

Murtrn','; JJaitr/afhus.

KA^itl I'.AMarrin.

^cfivi^C/. XUeh^. cAtM.. Qoxj^Ima^.

PLATE LXXVIII.
FIGURES I IV.
The
diflFerent stages of

spontaneous expulsion.
1878, p. 540.)

{After Spt'egelberg,

Manual of Midwifery,

FIGURE

V.

Labour with the body bent double.

{After Kleinwachter, contribution to the study of spontaneous expulsion.

Archivfiir Gyndkologie,

Band

ii., s.

in.)

Taf. [,XX[X.
V\f>
1

.^^-

%. *?>

"^

;
'*^.,.^'-'

Fig -2.

A' .V/i)/7//r.i

llt}}itliiliti.i

// .liifl.D..

I.Mai

lin-

iXK. SAiUt^.

^ud. oJiiit

fSjj^Cin

PLATE LXXIX.
FIGURE
I.

Universally contracted pelvis.

(After a preparation in the
obtstetric clinic at Beilin).

FIGURE

II.

Universally contracted pelvis.

(^After

SchrMer, Manual of Midwifery).

T:if

I.

XXX.

Fis

Fi^.2.

K. Marlins Haiulnllui:

II .lufl. v.

I.

Martui

PLATE LXXX.
FIGURE
I.

Flattened pelvis from rachitis.

a.

Doubled promontory and diminished depth of sacral

Imperfectly developed
ilia

cavity.

b&.

with the anterior transverse diameter of the false pelvis

almost as long as that of the posterior transverse diameter.

FIGURE

II.

Antero-posterior contraction of the Pelvis from rickets, with unequal sides of the pelvis from scoliosis of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae with projection inwards of the left acetabulum.

nil

i.x.wi.

Fi.I,

Fifi.2.

A'

Martm's llnndnllu

Il..lfl. ,..[.

.)/,.

PLATE LXXXI.
FIGURE
I.

Antero-posterior contraction of the pelvis with sinking of the promontory and projection inwards of the acetabula from old-standing rickets.
(Pseudo-osteo-malacic pelvis).

FIGURE

II.

Section through a pelvis contracted antero-posteriorly

{After

by

spondylolisthesis.
PI. 2.)

H. F.

Kilian,

Drawings of new forms ofpelves.

Mannheim, 1854,

Taf.LXXXIl.
Pifi.l.

Vi. 2

E.Murhn's Hundallui:.

//..-Iiif/r.

A.

Martin.

PLATE LXXXII.
FIGURE
I.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis from projection inwards of both acetabula in

osteomalacia in the adult.
(Slighter degree of deformity ).

FIGURE

II.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis, through projection inwards of both acetabula

so as to

bend the rami of the pubes, sinking of the

sacral promontory, resulting

from softening of the bones in the adult.

{Advanced stage of deformity.')

Taf IJOCXni
Fifi.l.

Fig. 2.

Fii.3

K.

Martin's llnmlulla.i

II At: fI

A. Martin.

(.%((,-

S^fiuU^.. ^l+fi. ,c0M*t.

^ni

PLATE LXXXIII.
FIGURE
I.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis with bilateral ilio-sacral anchylosis.

(After A. Martin.

transversely contracted pelvis with double ilio-sacral anchylosis recognised dur-

ing labour.

Berlin, 1870.)

FIGURE
The same

II.

pelvis seen

from above.

FIGURE
The same

III.

pelvis seen from beneath.

Taf. LX\.\1\

Fii.l.

Fig. 2.

v..

Muriiir^ lltluilus.

II

.Uin r

,1

Mul

I, II

tlfft. S.iiuitj,*.

M\\\

.0-.I..-I

.'I?"

PLATE LXXXIV.
FIGURE
iliac
I.

Transverse contraction of the pelvis from early acquired anchylosis of both sacrosynchondroses.

(Delivery by perforation and cephalotripsy.)

( After Lamil.

Pragel Vierte^ahrschri/t.

lSS4,

II

Band.)

FIGURE

II.

Contraction of pelvic cavity by exostosis of the sacrum.

(J.

Leydig's case of Caesarian section.)

( After Eli de Haber prces. Fr. C. Naegele, Diss, exhibens casum rarissimum partus, qui propter exestosin in pelvi absolvi

non potuit.

Heidelberg

830. j

1!

Taf.

LXXXV,

Fig. 2.

A'

Martin

Nrinchtlui;

// Jiifl. p. .1

Martin

PLATE LXXXV.
FIGURE
I.

Obliquely contracted pelvis from anchylosis of the

early childhood.
(After a specimen in the
colleciion

left

sacro-iUac synchondrosis in

of the

obstetric clinic at Berlin).

FIGURE

II.

Obliquely contracted pelvis from anchylosis of the

left

sacro-Uiac synchondrosis,

shewn from behind,

(After Fr. C. Naegele, the obliquely distorted pelvis.

Mainz 1839.

Plate 5).

I:

Fii.l.

Tiif^

L.WXM

Fig. 2.

Martin'

>:

lUindcltus .11 Aull

A Mailni

PLATE LXXXVI.
FIGURE
I.

Exostosis of the left ilio-pubic synostosis, pelvis spinosa.

(Velten's pelvis of a primipara,
spine, taken {After

whose uterus was lacerated during labour by

to the

the bony-

from the cadaver and added

anatomical
.

museum

at

Bonn.
Plate 4).

H. Fr.

Kilian.

Drawings of nnv

pelvic forms

Mannheim 1854.

FIGURE
Contraction of the pelvic cavity

II.

by bony cancer

in a

woman who was

delivered for

the fourth tim.e without artificial aid of a seven months' foetus.

(The pelvis
I,

is in

the collection of the Jena lying-in hospital.)

From a drawing by Prof.

Forster.

as an obstruction to labour. Illus. med. Zeitung, Miinchen

Accompanying text of E. Martin, on cancer of the pelvic bones 1 85 I. Bd. Ill Heft 4).

Taf

LXXXVU

"1.

''k

":

\i

.:-'

/i'

Marliir.s ItaiuliilluK.

II

, lull.

:i.

A. M'ai

lin.

cars. SiCuvtxe. ^i,tfi,.c0M*t.. JBzi;*

PLATE LXXXVII.
FIGURE
I.

Lumbo-sacral kyphotic
(After Hoening, Contribution
to the study

pelvis.

0/ the kyphotic contracted pelvis.

Bonn 1870^.

FIGURE
Funnel shaped

II.

pelvis.

(After Schroeder, Manual of Midwifery.

BandY.

1877^.

FIGURE
Cleft pelvis seen

III.

from the

front.

After C. C. Th. Litzmann, Archiv filr Gynaekologie

Ed. 4 1872/

FIGURE
Cleft pelvis seen

IV.

from behind.
cit.)

{After C. C. Th. Litzmann op.

Taf.LXXXVUI.

Fi*.l.

Fi.5.
Fig-

i'i.6.

Fii

\-\t. I-

E.ylarlin'H llnmlallus.

//

.hlH

7'.

.1

.Mai

lin

Clfft.

S^rviUie,. ^Ufi,.cDu.'t

Sit^CiA

PLATE LXXXVIII.
FIGURE
I.

Pelvic inlet of a normal female pelvis.

(From a photographic

stereoscopic illustration

of a preparation
)

in the collection

of pelves

in the Berlin

obstetric clinic

FIGURE

II.

Pelvic inlet of a universally contracted pelvis

FIGURE

III.

Pelvic inlet of a flattened rickety pelvis.

FIGURE

IV.

Pelvic inlet of an obliquely contracted pelvis with unilateral ilio-sacral anchylosis.

FIGURE

V.

Pelvic inlet of an obliquely contracted pelvis with lumbo-sacral kypho-scoliosis.

FIGURE

VI.

Pelvic inlet of a transversely contracted osteomalacic pelvis.

FIGURE

VII.

Pelvic inlet of a pelvis spinosa.

Tafl.XKXK.

'^-....i^^'

PLATE LXXXIX.
FIGURE
Front- (Figure
girl
1),
I.

Side- (Figiire

2),

and Back- view (Figure

3) of a

Kyphoscoliotic

who had never

menstruated, and

who had complete

prolapse of the Uterus.

(4//eT

Vdt,

Clinical Contribution.

Zeitschri/t filr Geburtshiil/e

und

GjmcBCologie,

bd.

ii.

1877,

s.

118).

The

girl

aged 14^ years had noticed the prolapse " some time."

The

anterior

vaginal wall was completely prolapsed.

of the body of the uterus
sides of
it

The broad

os uteri

was

ulcerated.

The whole
both

was

outside the rima, retroflexed,

6 centimeters

long, on

stringy appendages from above were plainly

felt.

The bladder long

with a

diverticulum in the prolapsed vagina.

The

posterior vaginal vault raised \ a centimeter.

The hymen was widely

dilated, but not ruptured.

The Diagonal
20,

S,

centimeters.

Pelvis

remarkably

slightly distorted.

Spinae

o centimeters, Cr.

21, o, Tr. 27, Ext. 14, 5 centimeters.

TafXC,
PiE.l.

Fig. 2.

d
{/

--vt

M:

.'

:^^---

A'

Martin's lltinilullus.

II .hifl. r. .1.

Marin

C1C6. Sf<'iu^^.

^u(l. c0hm.

.'Si^-On

PLATE
FIGURE
(After Kehrer.

XC.

I.

On

ihe impressions

of the foeial head

in

new-lont children.

14 Jahreshetichl

da

Oberhessischen Gescllscha/l fiir Natur-

mid Heilkundc).
of a kitten 4 days

old.

Kehrer made a trough-shaped impression in the left parietal bone After eight days as it appeared to have healed, he killed it.

a.
b.
e.

External surface.
Internal surface.

Point of rupture.

FIGURE

II.

Microscopic section of the above impression.

At

the convex brain-side of the impression are 3 fissures pressed together

and open-

ing inwards with their edges towards the dura mater.

a.
b.
c.

Parallel

and

fine fibrous

stratum of the pericranium.

Dura mater. The interlacing,

vascular,

and connective-tissue between the edges of the rupture.

in the concavities of

d.
e.

Lamellee of bone. Crenated edges of the rupture,

which are large nucleated

cells

with finely granular protoplasm.

/.

Network

of bone substance,

which has united as a subpericranial layer over the point

of fracture.

FIGURE

III.

Cranial impression.
{After Dohrn,

On

the

way

in

which the foregoing head passes through a flat pelvis.

Gyniikologie, bd. vi.
s.

Archiv fiir

82).

Premature induced labour

universally contracted pelvis.

in

the 35th child

The

week of pregnancy in a primipara with a was born in the first position at the end of \%

hours; the uterus contracting powerfully.

Diffused tumour over the right parietal bone.

The whole

of the

left

surface. of the

denuded and pushed forwards. The parietal bone is under the frontal bone. On the left parietal bone is a furrow 6>, 5 to I, o centimeters broad, beginning near the It takes an almost rightanterior fontanelle and ending beyond the parietal eminence. angled curve forwards and ends between the squamous and coronal sutures. The left parietal bone had been indented by the promontory of the sacrum, this was not caused by projection of the promontory but by sinking of the occiput, so that the parietal prominence impinged on the sacral promontory as it entered the pelvis.
cranium
is

PLATE

XC (Continued)
IV.

FIGURE

Spoon-shaped impression of the Cranium.

(From a drawing by Carl Huge of an
observation

made

in I he Obstetric Clinic at Berlin).

The head which was delivered in the first position through a flat pelvis presents a deep furrow in the left parietal bone beneath the frontal bone. The left parietal bone is indented and displays a deep depression involving the parietal eminence slanting from above and behind and running forwards. The depression is about i centimeter in depth with fissures diverging from it over the upper half of the parietal bone. The child was living and was discharged from the hospital with its mother apparently
in

good

health.

FIGURE

V.

Cranial depression.
After A. Martin,

On

lateral presentations in difficult labour with contraction

of the antero-conjugate
s.

diameter.

Zeitschrift filr Geburtshiilfe

und Fraucnkrankheiten, 1875,

30).

in the second position and expelled by very powerful pains. The weighed 3,400 grammes, and was well developed. Cranial bones firm. Sutures narrow. Two centimeters below the right parietal eminence is a dark red depression i, 2 centimeters broad and o, 8 centimeters long with a wide red areola. From this depression a bright red colouration extended forwards towards the coronal suture from which spot it turned downwards as far as the right zygoma.

The head was

child

In

this case timely

adjustment of the presentation diverted the small anterior half of

the cranium into the

narrow conjugate (through which the broad posterior half of the cranium could not have passed), and allowed of the passage of the foetal head through
the pelvis.

FIGURE
View

VI.

of the point of depression in the left side of the foetal head in figiire 5.
left

On

the

parietal bone, which

is

mark, about 2 centimeters long,

in front of the parietal

pushed underneath the right, is a pale depression eminence in the semicircular line.

PLATE
FIGURE

XCI.

I.

Chamberlain's Forceps.

FIGURE

II.

Palfyn's Forceps.

(One-third Size of Original).

FIGURE

IIa.

Single blade of Palfyn's Forceps.

FIGURE

III.

short straight English Forceps with leather covering.

(After Orme).

(One-third Size of Original).

(After a Specimen in the Collection of Instruments at the Royal Lying-in Institute of Berlin).

FIGURE

IIa.

Single blade of Orme's Forceps.

a.

English lock.

(Junctura per contabulationem).

FIGURE

IV.

Levret'a Forceps with head

and pelvic curves.

(One-third Size of Original).

FIGURE

IVa.

Bight, female blade of Levrets' Forceps.

a.
i.

French lock. (Junctura per axin). Raised borders of fenestrae.

'I'nf.

xr(.

Fio

1 a

E. Martin' K ffan/S-atlfjs U.Aufl. n.AMartin..

^^UA/^I

Sitfe- Sl[4it. d?IC%&-VL,

Taf. XCII.

/A

I^lc43-Un's lidtid-aHu'S

JI.AilFL.

u.A.Martin.

&.

h<^'^''f'-i

--t^ii^. cSAA^jb,

c?3m-&a

PLATE

XCII.
I.

FIGURE

Pelvimeter after E. Martin.

FIGURE

II.

Pelvimeter after Collin.

FIGURE

III.

Colpeurynter after C. Braun.

FIGURE

IV.

Fiddle-shaped India-rubber Dilators after R. Barnes.

FIGURE
Balloon for
artificial

V.

induction of labour after Tarnier.

FIGURE

VI.
sizes.

Shapes of Laminaria Tents and Compressed Sponges in various

FIGURE

VII.

Funis Eepositor after E. Martin.

FIGURE

VIII.

Funis Eepositor after Robert.

FIGURE

IX.

Blunt Hook.

FIGURE
Key-hook

X.

after C. Braun.

FIGURE

XI.

Smellie's Perforating Scissors.

PLATE XCll. (Continued).

FIGURE
XII.

Blot's Perforator.

FIGURE

XIII.

Naegele's Perforator.

FIGURE XIV.
Trepan-shaped Perforator with bayonet socket of the crown after E. Martin.

FIGURE XV.
Trepan-shaped Perforator after C. Braun.

FIGURE XVI.
Bone Forceps
after Mesnard-Steln.

PLATE

XCIII.

FIGURE

I.

Forceps after E. Martin.

FIGURE

II.

Forceps after Naegele.

FIGURE

III.

Breech Forceps after

Ideler.

FIGURE

IV.

Cephalotribe after E. Martin.

FIGURE

V.

Cephalotribe after Braxton Hicks.

FIGURE

VI.

Cranioclast after C. Braim.

FIGURE

VII.
after J. Veit.

Combination of Perforator and Cranioclast

Taf. XCIII.

Fii

1.

Fi

3.

E.MarUn\9 ffandatlas n.Auflo.AMuLrUn

CM. SAOA^,

gUK,. c5Ajt.

c^c^v

raf XC'IV.

K.Hardn:,-: HunduHiu-^

If.Au.n.

j>.

A MaHin.

Si/cfiMja^,

S^.

dtAik. &civ(lcu

PLATE XCIV.
FIGURE
C.
I.

Mayer's Glass Speculum.

FIGURE

II.

Sims' Speculum.

FIGURE

III.

One-bladed Speculum, with wooden handle after Kristeller.

FIGURE

IV.
flgs.

Simon's Speculum, with different sizes of blades,

4a and 4b.

FIGURE

V.

Uterine Sound.

FIGURE

VI.

Bullet Forceps with Clutch-hook.

FIGURE

VII.

Spring Dressing Forceps.

FIGURE
Curved

VIII.

Scissors.

FIGURE
Scissors for incision of

IX.
at the handle after Schroder.

Os Uteri curved

FIGURE

X.

Scarificator after C. Mayer.

FIGURE

XI.

Squirt for Intra-uterine injections after C. Braun.

FIGURE
Sharp Curette

XII.
after

Simon.

PLATE XCIY. (Continued).

FIGURE
XIII.

Recamier's Ciirette.

FIGURE XIV.
Uterine Medicator after E. Martin.

FIGURE XV.
Bath Speculum.

FIGURE XVI.
Speculum
for irrigating the

Vagina

after

von Preuschen.

FIGURE XVII.
Dilator after Greenhalgh.

FIGURE

XVIII.

Instrument to introduce Sponge Tents after B. Barnes.

FIGURE XIX.
Double Knife
for incision of the

Os Uteri

after E. Martin.

FIGURE XX.
Double Knife
after Greenhalgh.

FIGURE XXI.
Knife for incision after Sir James Simpson.

FIGURE

XXII.

Hodge's Vaginal Pessary.

FIGURE
Intra-uterine

XXIII.

Stem with holder.

FIGURE XXIV.
Spring Stem Pessary after E. Martin.

PLATE XCV.
FIGURE
I.

Complete Procidentia Uteri.

{Ayur R. Barnes,

Clinical History

of the Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women, Second

London, 1878).

edition.

(Half-size, from a preparation in St. George's Museum).

P. Symphysis pubis.

B. Bladder.
U. Urethra,

drawn almost

vertically

downwards

to

open

into B', a sacculated diverti-

culum of bladder outside the vulva, and

O.U. Os
uteri.

in front

of the procident uterus.

D. Douglas' pouch, extended outside the vulva.

O.

A.

The ovary dragged down. The anus.

FIGURE
Fibroma
{After

II.

TJteri.

R. Barnes,

op. cit.)

Large
uterus.

fibroid tumours,

one

in

the anterior, the other in the posterior wall of the

The whole was removed by laparotomy by Dr. R. Barnes.

The

uterus

in

the

centre contains a three month's ovum.

PL. XCY,

Fig. 1.

PL. XCVI.
Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

PLATE XCVI.
FIGURE
I.

Occlusion of the Vulva.

{After

R. Barnes,

op. cit.)

(One-third Life-size).

(From a specimen
V.

in the RadcliflFe

Museum, Oxford.

Case described by Dr. Tuckwell).

Cavity of vagina distended.

OM.

Os

uteri,

and cavity of uterus above

it

also distended.

Complete occlusion of vulva.

FIGURE

II.

Atresia Vagiaae.
(After

R.

Barnes,
in St.

op. at.)

From a preparation

George's Museum.

(Half Life-size).
U. Dilated uterus.
V.

Dilated vagina above the seat of atresia, traversed by B, a piece of bougie.

The Fallopian

tubes are not dilated.

PL. XCVII.
Fig. 1.

Fi?. 2.

Fig. 3.

PLATE

XCVII.
I.

FIGURE

Atresia of Vagina.
{After R. Barnes^ op.
cii.)

R. Rectum.
B. Bladder.
U.
V.

Uterus.

Cul-de-sac at vulva.

A. Dense tissue in place of vagina traversed by a narrow fistulous tract between

uterus.

and

FIGURE

II.

Retro-uterine Hsematocele.
{A/ier R. Barnes,
U.
op. cit.)

The

uterus pushed forwards.

filling

A.

The haematocele
and the small

the cavity of the sacrum,

bounded above by

plastic

effusions

intestines.

FIGURE
Extreme

III.

retroflexion of the Uteriis.

(After

R. Barnes,

op. cit.)

(From Nature\

section

is

made through

the centre,

showing atresia

in

places of the canal of the uterus.

PL. XCVIII.

Fi?. 1.

Fig. 3. Fig. 2.

Fig. 4.

Fi-. 5.

PLATE

XCVIII.
I.

FIGURE

Dr. Qrigg's Uterine Dilator.

FIGURE
Long Forceps
after

II.

Robert Barnes.

FIGURE
Craniotomy Forceps

III.

after

Robert Barnes.

FIGURE

IV.

Crescent Speculum after Robert Barnes.

FIGURE

V.

Pessary for anteflexion of the Uterus after Fancourt Barnes.

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