Ritchies Fabulae Faciles

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Geoffrey Steadman
BETA EDITION June 2011 (Please check back at collegecaesar.wordpress.com for the 1st edition.)

Ritchies Fabulae Faciles Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary First Edition 2011 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available (via email) under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work freely under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-8-9 ISBN-10: 0-9843065-8-7 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected]

Table of Contents
Pages Introduction to Fabulae Faciles v-vi How to Use This Commentary.. xiii Running Core Vocabulary Listxiv-xix Abbreviations.. xx Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives...116-117 Verb Synopses....118-121 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary List.. 94-99

Ritchies Fabulae Faciles

Perseus (sections 1-11).2-10 Heracles (sections 12-56)....10-58 Jason and the Argonauts (sections 57-80)..58-86 Ulysses (sections 81-100).88-114

Introduction to Ritchies Fabulae Faciles

This book is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesars Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchies purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline. This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchies Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchies Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the beginning the original volume. Kirtlands book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchies Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition is to make Ritchies myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers. To accomplish this goal, I have decided to eschew the traditional commentary format and adopt the best features of Clyde Pharrs Aeneid. Facing each page of the Latin text is a single page of commentary divided into halves. The top half includes all of the corresponding vocabulary that occur fourteen or fewer times in the work, arranged alphabetically in two columns. The bottom half is devoted to grammatical notes, which are organized according to line numbers and arranged in two columns. The advantage of this format is that it allows

vi
me to include as much information as possible on a single page and at the same time insure that the commentary entries are distinct and immediately accessible to readers. To complement the vocabulary within the commentary, I have added a running core vocabulary list at the beginning of this commentary that includes all words occurring fifteen or more times arranged in the order in which they first occur in the Latin. An alphabetized form of this same list can be found in the glossary. Together, this book has been designed in such a way that, once readers have mastered the running core list, they will be able to rely solely on the Latin text and facing notes and not need to turn a page or consult outside dictionaries. The grammatical notes are designed to help beginning readers read the text, and so I have passed over detailed explanations in favor of short, concise, and frequent entries that focus exclusively on grammar and morphology and provide help with translation. As a rule, I prefer to offer too much assistance rather than too little, and in the case of Fabulae Faciles such support is appropriate. Even if readers rely on an overly generous note the first time they encounter a difficult passage, Ritchie repeats the same constructions so often that readers are able to rely less on the notes and more on their memory as they progress. By the time they encounter Ulysses, the constructions which readers have already encountered are so dense and frequent that it is impossible to include the ample notes found in earlier myths, and in most cases such commentary is no longer necessary. This book is priced aggressively low and intended for classroom use, homeschooling, and independent study. Though few, if any, Latin programs read the work in its entirety, it is not uncommon for students to review Heracles labors at the end of Latin II or read Jason and the Argonauts as preparation for authentic Latin in Latin III. My own hope is that these myths will embolden readers of varying abilities and provide them with both the confidence and the enthusiasm necessary to continue their studies and read authentic Latin authors. Geoffrey Steadman Ph.D. [email protected] collegecaesar.wordpress.com

vii How to Use this Commentary

Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of reading and direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone. One of the purposes of this book is to encourage active acquisition of vocabulary. 1. Master the core vocabulary list as soon as possible. Develop a daily regimen for memorizing vocabulary and forms before you begin reading. Start with an intensive review of the running core list on the next page. Although a substantial number of core vocabulary words come within the first few lessons of the commentary, most of these words were learned in first year Latin, and so readers should be able to review the list quickly. Once readers have memorized these words, I recommend that they consult and memorize a list of less frequent words in Fabulae Faciles available on the website. 2. Read actively. Read in Latin word order. Initially, readers have a tendency both (i) to scan through the entire Latin sentence quickly to order to attain a sense of the constructions and (ii) to treat the sentence as a puzzle and jump around the passage from subject to verb to object and so on. Over time, as you acquire more vocabulary and your comfort with the Latin increases, make reading in Latin word order your primary method of reading. Its a lot of fun and, with persistence, very satisfying. Develop the habit of making educated guesses as you read. The purpose of the graded reader to provide you with an opportunity to encounter difficult constructions so frequently that you cannot help but to develop proficiency identifying and translating them. Make educated guests as you read. If you guess correctly, the commentary will reaffirm your understanding of the Latin. If you answer incorrectly, you will become more aware of your weaknesses and therefore more capable of correcting them. 3. Reread a passage immediately after you have completed it. Repeated readings not only help you commit Latin to memory but also increase your ability to read the Latin as Latin. Always read the words out loud (or at least whisper them to yourself). While you may be inclined to translate the text into English as you reread, develop the habit of reading Latin as Latin and acquiring meaning without turning the text into English. 4. Reread the most recent passage immediately before you begin a new one. This additional repetition will strengthen your ability to recognize vocabulary, forms, and syntax quickly, bolster your confidence, and most importantly provide you with much-needed context as you begin the next selection in the text.

viii Running Core Vocabulary (Words 15 or More Times)

The following six pages include all words that occur fifteen or more times in the myths in a running core vocabulary list. These words are not found within the vocabulary lists facing each page of Latin. The number in the right column is the page number where the core vocabulary word first occurs. Flashcards for this list are available online. For a single alphabetized list of these core words, consult the glossary.

Page 2 , ab, abs: (away) from, out of, 72 2 accipi: to receive, get, accept, 26 2 ad: to, toward; near, 188 2 annus, - m.: year, 18 2 at: but; mind you; but, you say, 27 2 atque: and, and also, and even, 21 2 autem: however, moreover, 81 2 brevis, -e: short, brief, 15 2 conici, -ere, -ic: throw together, throw, take oneself, 13 2 cnsilium, -i n.: plan, advice; council, assembly, 23 2 constitu, -ere, -u, -tus: decide, establish, resolve, 36 2 cum: with (+ abl.); when, since, although, 196 2 d: down from, from, about, concerning (+ abl.), 29 2 deus, - m.: god, divinity, deity, 19 2 dc, -ere, dx, dictus: say, speak, tell, call, name, 17 2 d, dare, ded, datum: give, put, make; grant, allow, 42 2 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 77 2 et: and, also, even, 287 2 faci, -ere, fc, fectum: make, do, 89 2 habit (1): to inhabit, live, 18 2 hic, haec, hoc: this, that; he, she, it, 222 2 ibi: there, in that place, 21 2 igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 71 2 ille, illa, illud: that (famous); he, she, it, 84 2 in: in (+ abl.) , into (+ acc.), 272 2 insula, -ae f.: island, 20 2 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 50 2 is, ea, id: this, that; he, she, it, 230 2 ltus, ltoris n.: shore, beach, 19 2 mgnopere: greatly, very much, 15 2 magnus, -a, -um: great, large, tall; mighty, important, 79 2 mare, maris n.: sea, 15 2 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 36 2 omnis, omne: every, all, 96 2 Perseus, - m.: Perseus, 26 2 post: after, behind (+ acc.); afterward, next, 32 2 postquam: after, when, 58

Running Core Vocabulary

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 puer, puer, m.: boy, 17 qudam, quaedam, quiddam: certain, a certain, 50 rx, rgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 44 s: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 115 sum, esse, fu, futrum: to be, 422 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 84 tamen: nevertheless, however, 99 tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much, so large, 55 tempests, -ttis f.: weather; storm, 17 tempus, -poris n.: time, 31 tum: then, at that time, 73 vide, vidre, vd, vsum: to see, 50 vol, velle, volu: will, wish, be willing, 22 audi, audre, audv, audtum: to hear, listen to, 22 capi, capere, cp, captum: to take, capture, seize, 14 caput, capitis, n.: head; life, 20 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause; case, 31 dum: while, as long as, until, 35 , ex: out from, from, out of (+ abl.), 108 etiam: besides, also, even, 17 hom, -inis m./f.: man, mortal, human, 21 iam: now, already, soon, 29 locus, - m.: place, region, situation; opportunity, 51 manus, -s f.: hand, 16 modus, - m.: way, manner; modo (adv.) only 38 monstrum, - n.: monster, 26 per: through, over, across, 23 perveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: to come through, arrive 19 prmus -a -um: first, 16 quaer, -ere, quaesv, quaestum: to seek, ask, inquire, 21 qu, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, that, 307 refer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: report, bring back, 18 rs, re, f.: thing, matter, affair, business, 83 saxum, sax n.: rock, 15 species, -i f.: sight, look, appearance, aspect, 15 statim: immediately, on the spot, at once, 28 tandem: finally, at last, at length, in the end, 28 ubi: where, when, 56 nus, -a, -um: one, 14 veni, -re, vn, ventus: come, go, 72 animus, - m.: soul, spirit, breath, courage, pride, 18 dis, - m./f.: day, time, season, 46 dolor, -ris m.: pain, grief, anger, passion, 17 exspect (1): look out for, wait for, await, 15 flia, -iae f.: daughter, 20

ix

x
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Running Core Vocabulary

ger, -ere, gess, gestus: carry (on), wage, 18 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, severe; venerable, 16 iube, iubre, iuss, iussum: to order, command, 17 mitt, -ere, -ms, missum: to send, let go, 18 par (1): prepare, make (ready), 21 perculum, - n.: risk, danger, peril, 31 subit: immediately, straightaway, 19 timor, -oris m.: fear, dread, anxiety, 15 trd, -dere, -did, -ditum: to give over, hand down, 20 confer, -ferre: bring together, collect, carry, 18 corpus, corporis, n.: body, 19 mox: soon, 19 nvis, nvis, f.: ship, boat, 63 neque: and not (nequeneque = neithernor), 27 pauc, -ae, -a: little, few, scanty, 22 regi, -nis f.: region, district, 18 regnum, - n.: (royal) power, kingdom, realm, 19 sals, -tis f.: safety, security, health, 15 sed: but, moreover, however, 31 senti, sentre, sns, snsum: to feel, perceive, 16 sine: without (abl.), 19 solv, -ere, solv, soltum: to loosen, release, 20 cognsc, -ere, -nv, -nitum: to learn, perf. know, 22 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missus: send away, let go, 8 Hercules, -is m.: Hercules 121 pars, partis, f.: part, share, 23 rede, -re, -v: go back, return, come back, 19 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 19 habe, -re, habu, -itus: have, hold; consider, 34 interfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: kill, slay, destroy, 15 iter, itineris n.: way, road, journey, 19 nn: not, by no means, not at all, 40 paulus, -a, -um: little, small, 16 vs, (vs), f.: force, power, violence; pl. vrs, strength, 23 vir, vir m.: man, male, 23

14 bs, bovis m. f.: cow, ox, bull (bobus-dat. abl.), 18 14 proficscor, -, -fectus: set out, depart, 19 16 Eurystheus, - m.: Eurystheus, 23 16 possum, posse, potu: be able, can, avail, 46 18 confici, -ere: to exhaust, finish, accomplish, 16 18 labor, -ris m.: labor, hardship, task, 22 18 nllus, -a, -um: none, no, no one, 24 20 auxilium, - n.: help, aid, assistance, 19

Running Core Vocabulary

20 coep, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 16 20 ingns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, huge, 21 20 ita: so, thus, 25 22 22 22 22 22 22 progredior, -gred, progressus sum: advance, 17 reliquus, -a, um: remaining, left (over), 15 s: if (only), whether, in case that, 20 spelunca, -ae f.: cave, 30 summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest, top of, 29 vinum, vin n.: wine, 16

24 dem, eadem, idem: the same, 15 24 gredior, -, -gressus: go out, disembark, 18 26 flmen, -inis n.: river, stream, 15 26 ut: as, just as, when (+ ind.); (so) that, in order that, 112 28 terra, -ae f.: land, earth, 22 34 socius, - m.: ally, companion, comrade, 33 36 intelleg, -ere, -lx, -lctum: to realize, understand, 24 40 n: lest, that not, no, not, 22 58 Ison, -onis m.: Jason, 45 62 Argonautae, -rum m.: Argonauts, 18 70 Mda, -ae f.: Medea, 27 88 Ulixs, -is m.: Ulysses, 43 92 Polyphmus, - m.: Polyphemus, 19 104 Circ, -s f.: Circe, 15

xii

Abbreviations
abs. acc. act. adj. adv. app. comp. dat. dep. d.o. f. fut. gen. imp. absolute accusative active adjective adverb appositive comparative dative deponent direct object feminine future genitive imperative impf. imper. indic. i.o. ind. inf. inter. m. n. nom. obj. pple. pass pf. imperfect impersonal indicative indirect object indirect infinitive interrogative masculine neuter nominative object participle passive perfect pl. plpf. pred. prep. pres. pron. quest. reflex. rel. seq. sg. subj. superl. voc. plural pluperfect predicate preposition present pronoun question reflexive relative sequence singular subject superlative vocative

To make the ancients speak, we must feed them with our own blood. -von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff

2 1. THE ARK

Perseus 1

Haec nrrantur pots d Perse. Perseus flius erat Ivis, maxim derum; avus eius Acrisius appellbtur. Acrisius volbat Perseum neptem suum necre; nam propter rculum puerum timbat. Comprehendit igitur Perseum adhuc nfantem, et cum matre in arc 5 ligne inclsit. Tum arcam ipsam in mare conicit. Dana, Perse mater, magnopere territa est; tempests enim magna mare turbbat. Perseus autem in sin mtris dormibat. 2. JUPITER SAVES HIS SON 10

Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vdit, et flium suum servre cnstituit. Tranquillum igitur fcit mare, et arcam ad nsulam Seriphum perdxit. Huius nsulae Polydects tum rex erat. Postquam arca ad ltus appulsa est, Dana in harn quietem capibat. Post breve tempus pisctore qudam reperta est, et ad domum rgis 15 Polydectis adducta est. Ille mtrem et puerum benign excpit, et es sedem ttam in fnibus sus dedit. Dana hoc dnum libenter accpit, et pr tant benefici rg gratis git. 3. PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS 20

Perseus igitur mults anns ibi habitbat, et cum mtre su vtam betam agbat. At Polydects Danan magnopere ambat, atque eam in mtrimnium ducere volbat. Hoc tamen cnsilium Perse minim grtum erat. Polydectes igitur Perseum dimittere cnstituit. Tum iuvenem ad s vocvit et haec dxit: "Turpe est hanc ignvam 25

Perseus
Acrisius, -i m.: Acrisius, 4 addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 adhuc: still, 5 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 am (1): love, like, 1 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 arca, -ae f.; chest, box, ark, 4 avus, av m.: grandfather, 2 beatus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 comprehend, -ere, -d, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 Dana, -s f.: Danae, 5 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: to drop, 3 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 flius, -i m.: son, 10 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 grtus, -a, -um: pleasing, grateful, 1 harna, -ae f.: sand, 1 ignavus, -a, -um: lazy, cowardly, 2 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 infns, -fantis m. f.: infant, 2 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12

lgnum, - n.: wood, 4 mater, matris f.: mother, 9 matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 minim: least, by no means, not at all, 1 nam: for, 6 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 neps, neptis m.: grandson, decendent, 2 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 perdc, -ere, -x, -ctum: lead through, 4 pisctor, pisctris m.: fisherman, 1 pota, -ae m.: poet, 4 Polydects, -is m.: Polydectes, 7 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 propter: on account of, because of, 6 quis, quitis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 sdes, sdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 Seriphus, - m.: Seriphos (an island) 1 serv (1): save, keep, preserve, 1 sinus, -s m.: bosom, lap, 1 terre, -re, -u, territum: to terrify, scare, 5 time, -re, -u: fear, dread, 6 tranquillus, -a, -um: calm, tranquil, 1 turb (1): to confuse, disturb, 2 turpis, turpe: ugly, shameful, 1 tutus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9 voc (1): call, summon, invoke, 2

1 haec: these (things); neut. pl. d: about; as often with non-places Ivis: of Jupiter; the god Iuppiter declines in the 3rd decl.: Iuppiter, Ivis, Iv, Ivem and Ive; Ivis is gen. sg. 2 eius: gen. sg. of is, ea, id Acrisius: pred. nom. of appellbtur, which behaves as a linking verb 6 in mare: 3rd decl. acc. sg., neuter Dana: the two dots (German: umlaut) tell us that ae is not a dipthong and the e is pronounced separately 7 tempests: nom. sg., fem. 3rd decl. 11 haec omnia: see note in line 1 12 fcit: made (x) (y); tranquillum is an adj. in the predicative position: not tranquil sea but sea tranquil 10 huius nsulae: gen. sg., the ius

14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 25

ending on hic, haec, hoc is a common gen. sg. ending for pronouns quitam capibat: was taking a nap qudam: a certain; the suffix -dam never declines but the rest of the pronoun does, abl. sg. quisdam benign: kindly; - indicates an adv. es: dat. pl. is, ea, id; ind. obj. of dedit pr: (in return) for rg: dat. sg. ind. obj. of git gratis git: gave thanks; common idiom for gratis go, here pf. mults anns: for; acc. duration agbat: was living/spending; common idiom for vtam ag; cf. line 18 Perse: dat. of reference with grtum haec: see line 1 Turpe est: it is shameful; inf. is subj.

Perseus

vtam agere; iam ddum t adulscns es. Qu sque hc manbis? 1 Tempus est arma capere et virttem praestre. Hinc ab, et caput Medsae mihi refer. 4. PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT 5

Perseus ubi haec audvit, ex nsul discessit, et postquam ad continentem vnit, Medsam quaesvit. Di frustr quaerbat; namque natram loc ignorbat. Tandem Apoll et Minerva viam dmnstrvrunt. Prmum ad Graes, sorrs Medsae, pervnit. Ab hs tlria et galeam magicam accpit. Apollo autem et 10 Minerva falcem e speculum dedrunt. Tum postquam tlria pedibus induit, in ra ascendit. Di per ra volbat; tandem tamen ad eum locum vnit ubi Medsa cum cters Gorgonibus habitbat. Gorgons autem mnstra erant speci horribil; capita enim erum anguibus omnin contcta erant. Mans etiam ex aere 15 factae erant. 5. THE GORGON'S HEAD Rs difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscdere; eius enim cnspect homines in saxum vertbantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva 20 speculum Perse dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum inspicibat; hc mod ad locum vnit ubi Medsa dormibat. Tum falce su caput eius n ict abscdit. Ceterae Gorgons statim somn excitatae sunt, et ubi rem vdrunt, r commtae sunt. Arma rapurunt, et Perseum occdere volbant. Ille autem dum 25 fgit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hoc fcit, statim cnspect erum vsit.

Perseus
abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 abscd, -ere, -cd, -csum: cut away or off, 5 adulscns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 r, aris n.: air, 7 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 anguis, -is m. f.: serpents, snakes, 1 Apollo, -inis m.: Apollo, 7 arma, -rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 ascend, -ere, -, -nsus: ascend, mount, 3 cter, -ae, -a: the other, remaining, 2 commove, -re, -mv, -mtum: move, trouble, upset, 14 conspectus, -s m.: sight, view, 6 conteg, -ere, -tx, -tctum: cover, 1 contine, -re, -nu, -tentum: hold or keep together, 4 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 discd, -ere, -cess, -cessum: to go away, depart, 4 di: a long time, long, 13 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 ddum: a short time ago; just now, once, 2 ego: I, 9 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 falx falcis f.: sickle, 2 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 galea, -ae f.: helmet, 3 Gorg, -onis f.: Gorgon, 4 Graeae, -rum f.: Graece, 1

hinc: from this place, hence, 1 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 ictus, -s m.: strike, blow, 4 ignr (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 indu, -ere, indu, indtum: put on, 8 inspici, -ere, -spx, -spectum: look upon, 1 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 Medsa, -ae f.: Medusa, 6 Minerva, -ae f.: Minerva, 4 namque: for, 2 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 praest, -stre, -stit: stand in front, show, 6 propter: on account of, because of, 6 rapi, -ere, rapu, raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 soror, sorris f.: sister, 1 speculum, - n.: mirror, 3 talria, -ium: winged shoes, 4 tergum, - n.: back, 8 tu: you, 10 usque: all the way to, up to, continuously, 2 vert, -ere, vert, versum: to turn, 4 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9 vol (1): to fly, 3

1 agere: to live; idiom, cf. p. 2, line 22 iam ddum: now for a long time; often as one word, es: 2nd sg. pres. sum qu (cnsili): for what purpose 2 Tempus est: it is time; infs. are subject hinc: from here; cf. hc, to here mihi: dat. sg. eg 3 refer: sg. imperative, 3rd conj. refer does not retain the final e. Consider the mnemonic: dc, dc, fac and fer should have an e but it isnt there. 7 frustr: in vain; a common adverb Graeae: these 3 sisters to the Gorgons possessed one eye, which they shared; Perseus stole the eye until the Graeae

gave him what he wanted 11 e: dat. sg. ind. object is, ea, id 12 pedibus: on; dat. pl. with compound verb (make prefix in- a preposition) which behaves as a linking verb 14 speci horribil: of horrible appearance; abl. of quality + monstra, horribil is i-stem 3rd decl. ablative 15 aere: bronze; abl. of aes, not r 19 difficillima: superlative difficilis 22 hc mod: in this way; abl. manner 24 r: by anger; abl. of cause or means commtae sunt: were moved; i.e. emotionally, not physically 26 ubi: means when as well as where

6 6. THE SEA-SERPENT

Perseus 1

Post haec Perseus in fns Aethiopum vnit. Ibi Cpheus qudam ill tempore regnbat. Hc Neptnum, maris deum, lim offenderat; Neptnus autem mnstrum saevissimum mserat. Hoc cotdi mar venibat et homins devorbat. Ob hanc causam 5 pavor anims omnium occupverat. Cpheus igitur rculum de Hammnis cnsuluit, atque de iussus est fliam mnstr trdere. Eius autem flia, nmine Andromeda, virg frmsissima erat. Cpheus ubi haec audvit, magnum dolrem percpit. Volbat tamen cvs sus tant percul extrahere, atque ob eam causam 10 imperta Hammnis facere cnstituit. 7. A HUMAN SACRIFICE Tum rx diem certam dxit et omnia parvit. Ubi ea dis vnit, Andromeda ad ltus dducta est, et in cnspect omnium ad rpem 15 alligta est. Omns fatum eius deplrbant, nec lacrims tenbant. At subit, dum mnstrum exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi lacrims vdit, causam dolris quaerit. Ill rem ttam expnunt et puellam demnstrant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis audtur; simul mnstrum horribil speci procul cnspicitur. Eius 20 cnspects timrem maximum omnibus inicit. Mnstrum magn celeritte ad ltus contendit, iamque ad locum appropinqubat ubi puella stbat. 8. THE RESCUE At Perseus ubi haec vdit, gladium suum dxit, et postquam tlria 25 induit, in ra subltus est. Tum dsuper in mnstrum impetum subit fcit, et gladi su collum eius graviter vulnervit.

Perseus
accurr, -ere, -cucurr, -cursum: to run to, 2 adlig (1): bind to, tie to, 2 r, aris n.: air, 7 Aethiops, -um m.: Ethiopians, 2 Andromeda, -ae f.: Andromeda, 4 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 Cepheus, - m.: Cepheus, 5 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 cvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 collum, - n.; neck, 6 conspectus, -s m.: sight, view, 6 conspici, -ere, -x, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 cottdi: daily, 2 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 deplor (1): lament, weep, 1 dsuper: from above, 2 dvor (1): swallow down, devour, 4 dc, -ere, -dx, -ductum: lead out, draw, 3 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 extrah, -ere, -trax, -tractum: draw out, 2 ftum, - n.: fate, ruin, death, 2 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 formsus, -a, -um: shapely, beautiful, 2 fremitus, -s m.: roaring, roar, 2 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 Hammn, -nis m.: Hammon (Jupiter), 2 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 imper (1): order, command, 12

impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 indu, -ere, indu, indtum: put on, 8 inici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw in or upon, 2 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 nec: and not, nor, 10 Neptnus, - m.: Neptune, 4 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 offend, -ere, offend, offnsum: offend, 1 lim: once, formerly, 10 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 pavor, pavris m.: terror, panic, 1 percipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: receive, perceive, get, 5 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8 que: and, 14 regn (1): to rule, reign, 3 rps, rpis f.: rock, cliff, 6 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 st (1): to stand, 8 talria, -ium: winged shoes, 4 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 ttus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14 virg, virginis f.: maiden, 2 vulner (1): wound, injure, 7

2 ill tempore: at; abl. of time when Hc: here; adv., not the long i; hic with a short i" is the demon. adj. this 3 savissimum: superlative adj. saevus Hoc: this one; neut. sg. subject; this (monster), monstrum is neuter 5 mar: abl. sg. 3rd decl. i-stem noun 6 de Hammnis: of the god Hammon; a north African god often identified with Jupiter/Zeus 7 mnstr: dat. ind. obj. of trdere 8 nmine: by name; abl. of respect 9 haec: these (things); neut. acc. pl. 9 volbat: impf. of vol, velle, to wish, not from vol, volre, to fly 10 ob eam causam: for this reason 11 imperta: commands; things having

14

16 20 21 26 27

been commanded neuter acc. pl. PPP (pf. pass. pple) imper diem dxit: appointed aday; said omnia: everything, neut pl all things ea: this; as an adj. is, ea, id is a demonstrative which can be translated as this/these or that/those eius: her; gen. fem. sg. is, ea, id expnunt: explain; set out in detail horribil speci: p. 5, line 14 eius: of this; is, ea, id, a demonstrative adj. modifying gen. sg. cnspects omnibus: upon all; dat. of compound magn celeritte: with..; abl. manner subltus est: 3rd sg. pf. pass. toll eius: his; of that one, gen. sg.

Perseus

Mnstrum ubi snsit vulnus, fremitum horribilem didit, et sine 1 mor ttum corpus in aquam mersit. Perseus dum circum ltus volat, reditum eius exspectbat. Mare autem intere undique sanguine nficitur. Post breve tempus belua rrsus caput sustulit; mox tamen Perse ict gravire vulnerta est. Tum iterum s in 5 unds mersit, neque poste vsa est. 9. THE REWARD OF VALOR Perseus postquam ad ltus dscendit, prmum tlria exuit; tum ad rpem vnit ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea autem omnem spem 10 saltis dposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terrre paene exanimta erat. Ille vincula statim solvit, et puellam patr reddidit. Cpheus ob hanc rem maxim gaudi affectus est. Meritam grtiam pr tant benefici Perse rettulit; praetere Andromedam ipsam e in matrimnium dedit. Ille libenter hoc donum accpit et puellam 15 dxit. Paucs anns cum uxre su in e regine habitbat, et in magn honre erat apud omns Aethiops. Magnopere tamen mtrem suam rursus vidre cupibat. Tandem igitur cum uxre su regn Cphe discessit. 20 10. POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE Postquam Perseus ad nsulam nvem appulit, s ad locum contulit ubi mater lim habitverat, sed domum invnit vacuam et omnn dsertam. Trs dis per ttam nsulam mtrem quaerbat; tandem quart di ad templum Dinae pervnit. Hc Dana refgerat, quod 25

Perseus
ade, -re, -i(v): go to, approach, 4 Aethiops, -um m.: Ethiopians, 2 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 Andromeda, -ae f.: Andromeda, 4 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 belua, -ae f.: beast, brute, monster, 1 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 Cepheus, - m.: Cepheus, 5 circum: around, about, at, near (acc.), 1 cupi, -ere, -v, -tum: desire, long for, 4 Dana, -s f.: Danae, 5 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 dscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: descend, 4 dser, -ere, -u, -sertum: to desert, 2 Dina, -ae f.: Diana, 1 discd, -ere, -ss, -ssum: go away, depart, 4 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 d, -ere, did, ditum: give out, put forth, 3 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 exu, -ere, -u, -tum: take off, put off, 1 fremitus, -s m.: roaring, roar, 2 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 honor, -ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 hc: to this place, hither, 2 ictus, -s m.: strike, blow, 4 infici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 intere: meanwhile, 7 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 iterum: again, a second time, 3 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 mater, matris f.: mother, 9

matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 merg, mergere, mers, mersum: to sink, 3 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 lim: once, formerly, 10 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 paene: almost, nearly, 8 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 praetere: besides, moreover, 3 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3 redd, ere, -did, -dditum: give back, return 4 reditus, -s m.: return, 5 refugi, -ere, -fg: flee back, 5 rps, rpis f.: rock, cliff, 6 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 sps, -e f.: hope, 15 talria, -ium: winged shoes, 4 templum, - n.: temple, 3 terror, terrris m.: terror, fright, 4 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 ttus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14 trs, tria: three, 9 unda, -ae f.: wave, 1 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 vacuus, -a, -um: empty, fear, vacant, 1 vinci, -re, vnx, vnctus: bind, tie, 4 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4 vol (1): to fly, 3 vulner (1): wound, injure, 7 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

1 didit: /ex + dedit, in compound verbs vowels a and e often become i" 4 sustulit: pf. toll, belua is subject 5 gravire: graver; or more serious, comparative adj. gravis, -e in unds: into; acc. place to which 9 prmum: first (of all); adverbial acc. 11 saltis: for safety; objective gen., it is equivalent to the obj. of a verb hope adiit: pf. ad-e terrre: abl. of cause

12 patr: dat. ind. obj. of r + dedit 13 maxim gaudi: with; abl. manner, without cum when modified by adj. pr: (in return) for 14 rettulit: pf. refer with a dat. ind. obj. e: dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id 16 paucs anns: for; acc. of duration 22 s contulit: carried himself; cnfer 23 domum: fem. sg. modified by 2 adjs. 24 trs dis: acc. of duration; cf. line 16 25 quart di: at; abl. time when

10

Perseus

Polydectem timbat. Perseus ubi haec cognvit, r magn 1 commtus est; ad rgiam Polydectis sine mor contendit, et ubi e vnit, statim in trium irrpit. Polydects magn timre affectus est et fugere volbat. Dum tamen ille fgit, Perseus caput Medsae mnstrvit; ille autem simul atque hoc vdit, in saxum versus est. 5 II. THE ORACLE FULFILLED Post haec Perseus cum uxre su ad urbem Acris rediit. Ille autem ubi Perseum vdit, magno terrre affectus est; nam propter rculum istud neptem suum adhuc timbat. In Thessaliam igitur 10 ad urbem Larsam statim refgit, frustr tamen; neque enim ftum suum vtvit. Post paucs anns rx Larsae luds magns fcit; nuntis in omns parts dmserat et diem dixerat. Mult ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lds convnrunt. Ipse Perseus inter alis certmen discrum iniit. At dum discum conicit, avum suum 15 cs occdit; Acrisius enim inter specttrs eius certminis forte stbat. 12. THE HATRED OF JUNO Herculs, Alcmnae flius, lim in Graeci habitbat. Hic omnium 20 hominum validissimus fuisse dcitur. At In, regna derum, Alcmnam derat et Herculem adhuc nfantem necre voluit. Msit igitur dus serpents saevissims; hae medi nocte in cubiculum Alcmnae venrunt, ubi Herculs cum fratre su dormibat. Nec tamen in cns, sed in sct magn cubbant. Serpents iam 25 appropinquverant et sctum movbant; itaque puer somn excitt sunt.

Perseus
Acrisius, -i m.: Acrisius, 4 adhuc: still, 5 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 Alcmena, -ae f.: Alcmena, 4 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 atrium, atri n.: atrium, 3 avus, av m.: grandfather, 2 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 certmen, -minis n.: struggle, contest, 2 commove, -re, -mv, -mtum: move, trouble, upset, 14 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 cubiculum, - n.: bedroom, 1 cub (1): to lie down, recline, 1 cnae, -rum f.: cradle, 1 discus, - m.: discus, 2 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 dc, -ere, -dx, dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 ftum, - n.: fate, ruin, death, 2 flius, -i m.: son, 10 forte frter, -tris m.: brother, 5 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 ine, -re, -, -itum: go into, enter, 4 infns, -fantis m. f.: infant, 2 inrump, -ere, -rp, -ruptum: burst in, 2 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 Itaque: and so, 8

11

In, -nis m.: Juno, 3 Lrsa, -ae f.: Larisa, 2 ldus, - m.: game, sport; school, 2 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 Medsa, -ae f.: Medusa, 6 monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 3 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 move, -re, mv, mtum: move, arouse, 3 nam: for, 6 nec: and not, nor, 10 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 neps, neptis m.: grandson, decendent, 2 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 d, -isse: to hate, 1 lim: once, formerly, 10 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 Polydects, -is m.: Polydectes, 7 propter: on account of, because of, 6 refugi, -ere, -fg: flee back, 5 rgia, -ae f.: palace, 4 regna, -ae f.: queen, 2 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3 sctum, - n.: shield, 2 serpns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 specttor, -tris m.: spectator, observer, 1 st (1): to stand, 8 terror, terrris m.: terror, fright, 4 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 time, -re, -u: fear, dread, 6 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 validus, -a, -um: strong, 1 vert, -ere, vert, versum: to turn, 4 vt (1): to avoid, 2

1 haec: these (things); neut. substantive rcommtus est: cf. p. 5, line 24 2 contendit: hastened; i.e. strove e: (to) there; adv.; ibi is there, inde is from there, and e is to there 3 magn timre: abl. of means 5 simul atque: at the same time as 8 rediit: pf. red-e 9 magn terrre: abl. of means 11 frustr: adv. 12 fcit: produced

13 14 15 16

parts: directions ad: for; ad often expresses purpose iniit: pf. in-e cs: by chance; abl. of manner eius: of that; demon. adjective forte: by chance; abl. as adverb, frs 21 fuisse dcitur: is said to have been; pf. inf. sum; with pred. nom. validissimus 22 derat: plpf., simple past in sense 23 hae (serpents: these medi nocte: in; abl. of time when

12

Heracles 1

13. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS

phicls, frter Herculis, magn vce exclmvit; sed Herculs ipse, fortissimus puer, haudququam territus est. Parvs manibus serpents statim prehendit, et colla erum magn v compressit. Tl mod serpents puer interfectae sunt. Alcmna autem, 5 mter puerrum, clamrem audverat, et martum suum somn excitverat. Ille lmen accendit et gladium suum rapuit; tum ad puers properbat, sed ubi ad locum vnit, rem mram vdit, Herculs enim rdbat et serpents mortus mnstrbat. 10 14. THE MUSIC-LESSON Herculs puer corpus suum diligenter exercbat; magnam partem di in palaestr consumbat; didicit etiam arcum intendere et tla conicere. Hs exercittinibus vrs eius confirmtae sunt. In music etiam Lin centaur rudibatur (centaur autem equ 15 erant sed caput hominis habbant); huic tamen art minus dligenter studbat. Hic Linus Herculem lim obiurgbat, quod nn studisus erat; tum puer rtus citharam subit rapuit, et omnibus vribus caput magistr nflcis percussit. Ille ict prostrtus est, et paul post vt excessit, neque quisquam poste id officium suscipere 20 voluit. 15. HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE D Hercule haec etiam inter alia nrrantur. lim dum iter facit, in fns Aegyptirum vnit. Ibi rx qudam, nmine Bsris, ill 25 tempore rgnbat; hic autem vir crdlissimus homins immolre cnsuverat. Herculem igitur corripuit et in vincula conicit. Tum

Heracles
accend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: kindle, light, 2 Aegypti, -rum m.: Egyptians, 1 Alcmena, -ae f.: Alcmena, 4 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 arcus, -s m.; bow, 4 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 Bsris, -idis m.: Busiris, 1 centaurus, - m.: centaur, 12 cithara, -ae f.: cithera, lyre, 1 clmor, -ris m.: shout, roar, applause, 4 collum, - n.; neck, 6 comprim, -ere, -press: press together, 2 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 consuesc, -ere, -v, -sutum: to accustom, 3 consm, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 disc, -ere, didic: to learn, come to know, 1 equus, - m.: horse, 7 rudi, -re, -v, -tum: instruct, 1 excd, -ere, -cess, -cessum: go out, depart, 2 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 exclm (1): cry out, 3 exerce, -re, -u, -ercitum: train, exercise. 1 exercitti, -tinis f.: training, exercise, 1 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 frter, -tris m.: brother, 5 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 haudququam: not at all, in no way, 2 ictus, -s m.: strike, blow, 4 immol, -re, -v, -tum: sacrifice, 1 Inflx, -flcis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 intend, -ere, -nd, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 phicls, -is m.: Iphicles, 1

13

rtus, -a, -um: angry, 5 Linus, - m.: Linus, 2 lmen, lminis n.: light, 3 magister, magistr m.: teacher, 1 maritus, - m.: husband, 3 minus: less, 1 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 3 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 msica, -ae f.: music, 1 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 obiurg (1): child, scold, reproach, 2 officium, -i, n.: duty, 2 lim: once, formerly, 10 palaestra, -ae f.: wrestling-court, 1 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 percuti, -ere, -cuss, -cussum: strike, 2 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 prehend, -ere, -hend, -hnsum: seize, 5 proper (1): to hasten, 1 prostern, -ere, -strv, -tum: to lay out, 3 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 rapi, -ere, rapu, raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 regn (1): to rule, reign, 3 ride, -re, rs, -rsum: to laugh, 1 serpns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 stude, -re, -u: be eager, be enthusiastic, 1 studisus, -a, -um: eager, diligent, studious, 1 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 tlis, -e: such, 6 telum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 terre, -re, -u, territum: to terrify, scare, 5 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

1 magn v: with great force; abl. of manner; irreg. abl. sg. vs 4 ti mod: in such; abl. of manner, abl. sg. 3rd decl. i-stem adj. tlis, -e 12 puer: from boyhood 13 di: partitive gen. sg. dis didicit: pf. disc 14 vrs: strength; fem. pl. of vs, force is often translated in the sg.; 3rd decl. endings distinguish it from vir, vir eius: gen. sg., is, ea, id

16 huicart: dat. sg. ars; obj. of stude, be eager or be enthusiastic for (dat.) 16 minus: comp. adv. modifies dligenter 18 vribus: cf. line 14, abl. of means 19 paul: (by) a little; abl. of degree of difference modifies adverbial post 20 vt excessit: euphemism for dying id officium: this duty; demon. adj. 24 haec: these (things); neuter acc. pl. 25 nmine: by name; abl. of respect ill tempore: at; abl. of time when

14

Heracles

nntis dmisit et diem sacrifici dxit. Mox ea dis appetbat, et 1 omnia rte parta sunt. Mans Herculis catns ferres vinctae sunt, et mola salsa in caput eius inspersa est. Ms enim erat apud antqus salem et far capitibus victimrum impnere. Iam victima ad ram stbat; iam sacerds cultrum smpserat. Subit tamen 5 Herculs magn cnt vincula perrpit; tum ict sacerdtem prostrvit; alter rgem ipsum occdit. 16. A CRUEL DEED Herculs iam adulscns Thbs habitbat. Rx Thbrum, vir 10 ignvus, Cren appellbtur. Minyae, gns bellicsissima, Thbns fnitim erant. Lgt autem Minys ad Thbns quotanns mittbantur; h Thbs venibant et centum bovs postulbant. Thbn enim lim Minys supert erant; tribta igitur rg Minyrum quotanns pendbant. At Herculs cvs sus 15 hc stipendi lberre cnstituit; lgts igitur comprehendit, atque aurs erum abscdit. Lgt autem apud omns gents snct habentur. 17. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE 20

Ergnus, rx Minyrum, ob haec vehementer rtus statim cum omnibus copis in fns Thbnrum contendit. Cren adventum eius per explortrs cognvit. Ipse tamen pugnre nluit, nam magn timre affectus erat; Thbn igitur Herculem impertorem crevrunt. Ille nuntis in omns parts dmisit, et cpis cogit; 25 tum proxim di cum magn exercit profectus est. Locum idneum dlgit et aciem nstrxit. Tum Thbn superire loc

Heracles
abscd, -ere, -cd, -csum: cut away or off, 5 acis, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 adulscns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 adventus, -s m.: arrival, approach, 3 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 antquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 appet, -ere, -v, -pettum: draw near, 3 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 ra, -ae f.: altar, 2 auris, -is f.: ear, 1 bellicsus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 catna, -ae f.: chain, 2 centum: hundred, 3 cvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 cg, cgere, -g, -ctum: collect, compel, 5 comprehend, -ere, -d, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 contus, -s m.: attempt, effort, 7 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 cre (1): to create, 2 Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 culter, cultr m.: knife, 1 dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: to drop, 3 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send out, 2 Ergnus, - m.: Erginus, 1 exercitus, -s m.: army, 2 explrtor, -ris m.: scout, spy, 1 fr, farris n.: spelt (wheat), sacrifical meal, 1 ferreus, -a, -um: of iron, iron, 1 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fnitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 gns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 ictus, -s m.: strike, blow, 4 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 ignavus, -a, -um: lazy, cowardly, 2 impertor, -ris m.: commander, 1 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7

15

insperg, -ere, -ers, -ersum: sprinkle upon, 1 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 rtus, -a, -um: angry, 5 lgtus, - m.: ambassador, legate, 3 liber (1): to set free, release, 6 Minyae, -rum f.: Minyae, 5 mola, -ae f.: meal, 1 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 nam: for, 6 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 lim: once, formerly, 10 pend, -ere, , pepend, pensum: pay, hang, 1 perrump, -ere, -rp, -ruptum: break through, 2 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 prostern, -ere, -strv, -tum: to lay out, 3 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 pugn (1): to fight, 4 quotanns: every year, yearly, 2 rt: duly, fitly, 1 sacerds, -dtis m. f.: priest(ess), 2 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 sl, salis m.: salt, 1 salsus, -a, -um: salted, salty, 1 sanctus, -a, -um: sacred, holy, 1 stpendium, - n.: tax, tribute, 1 st (1): to stand, 8 sum, sumere, sumps, sumptum: to take, 3 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 Thbae, -rum f.: Thebes, 4 Thbn, -rum m.: Theban, 7 tribtum, - n.: tribute, tax, contribution, 1 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 victima, -ae f.: victim, 2 vinci, -re, vnx, vnctus: bind, tie, 4 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4

1 sacrifici: for sacrifice; dat. of purpose ea dis: this day; demon. adj. 3 Ms erat: it was the custom to 4 capitibus: on; dat. of compound verb magn cnt: with; abl. of manner 7 alter (ict): with another blow; means 10 Thbs: in Thebes; locative case 11 Cren: nom. predicate bellicsissima: superlative adj.

12 Thbns: to Thebans; dat. with a special adj. fnitim 13 h: these; i.e. the lgt, envoys Thbs: to Thebes; place to which, towns and cities do no require ad 15 pendbant: used to pay; iterative impf 18 habentur: are held (to be); + pred. 22 copis: troops; as often in Caesar 26 profectus est: set out; pf. proficiscor

16

Heracles

impetum in hosts fcrunt. Ill autem impetum sustinre nn 1 poturunt; itaque acis hostium pulsa est atque in fgam conversa. 18. MADNESS AND MURDER Post hoc proelium Herculs cpis sus ad urbem redxit. Omns 5 Thbn propter victriam maxim gaudbant; Cren autem magns honoribus Herculem decorvit, atque fliam suam e in matrimnium dedit. Herculs cum uxre su betam vtam agbat; sed post paucs anns subit in furrem incidit, atque libers sus ipse su man occdit. Post breve tempus ad sanittem reductus est, 10 et propter hoc facinus magn dolre affectus est; mox ex urbe effgit et in silvs s recpit. Nolbant enim cvs sermnem cum e habre. 19. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE 15

Herculs tantum scelus expire magnopere cupibat. Constituit igitur ad rculum Delphicum re; hoc enim rculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat Apollinis plrims dnis orntum. Hc in templ sedbat fmina quaedam, nmine Pythia, et cnsilium dabat es qu ad rculum venibant. Haec autem femina 20 ab ips Apolline docbatur, et volunttem de hominibus nuntibat. Herculs igitur, qu Apollinem praecipu colbat, hc vnit. Tum rem ttam expsuit, neque scelus clvit. 20. THE ORACLE'S REPLY Ubi Hercules fnem fcit, Pythia prm tacbat; tandem tamen iussit eum ad urbem Tryntha re, et Eurysthe rgis omnia imperta facere. Herculs ubi haec audvit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurysthe rg s in servittem trdidit. Duodecim 25

Heracles
acis, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 Apollo, -inis m.: Apollo, 7 beatus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 cl (1): hide, conceal, 5 cvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 col, -ere, colu, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 convert, -ere, -, -rsus: turn (around), 6 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 cupi, -ere, -v, -tum: desire, long for, 4 decor (1): to adorn, distinguish, 2 Delphicus, -a, -um: Delphic, 1 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 duodecim: twelve, 6 effugi, -ere, -fg: flee away, escape, 1 nunti (1): speak out, 1 expi (1): expiate, 2 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 facinus, facinoris n.: bad deed, crime, 1 fmina, -ae f.: woman, 3 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 furor, -ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 gaude, -re, gvsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 honor, -ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 hc: to this place, hither, 2 imper (1): order, command, 12 incid, -ere, -cid: fall into, fall upon, 3

17

ire itaque: and so, 8 lber, -rum m.: children, 1 matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 maxim: especially, very greatly, 5 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 rn (1): to equip, adorn, 1 plrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 praecipu; especially, 2 proelium, -i n.: battle, 4 propter: on account of, because of, 6 pulsa Pthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: accept, take back, 8 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 snits, -ttis f.: soundness, sanity, 1 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 sede, -re, sd, sessum: to sit, 6 serm, sermnis m.: conversation, talk, 2 servits, servittis, f.: servitude, 2 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 sustine, -re, u, -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 tace, -re, -u, -itum: be silent, 2 templum, - n.: temple, 3 Thbn, -rum m.: Theban, 7 Tryns, Tirynthis f.: Tiryns, 1 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 victria, -ae f.: victory, 1 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9 volunts, -ttis f.: will, wish, permission, 1

1 in hosts: against; as often in battle 2 in fgam: to flight 3 cpis: troops e: to him; dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id agbat: lived; idiom with vtam 10 ipse: he himself; supply a subject 11 affectus est: was afflicted 12 s recpit: retreated; s recipiere is a common idiom for retreat 16 scelus: neuter acc. sg. 17 re: to go; inf. e omnium: partitive gen. with superl. 18 celeberrimum: predicate, superl. adj.

eratorntum: plpf. pass. 20 es: dat. pl. ind. obj. with dabat 21 hominibus: dat. pl. ind. obj. 22 colbat: used to worship; iterative hc: to here; place to which of hc scelus: neuter acc. sg. 26 prm: at first; adverb re: to go; inf. e 27 Eurysthe rgis: gen. sg. 28 imperta: commands; things having been commanded neuter acc. pl. PPP (pf. pass. pple) imper 29 Eurysthe rg: dat. ind. obj.

18

Heracles

anns crudelissim Eurysthe servibat, et duodecim labrs, qus 1 ille imperverat, cnfcit; hc enim n mod tantum scelus expir potuit. D hs labribus plrima pots scripta sunt. Multa tamen quae potae nrrant vix crdibilia sunt. 5 st 21. 1 LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION Prmum ab Eurysthe iussus est Herculs lenem occdere qu ill tempore vallem Nemeaeam reddbat nfestam. In silvs igitur in quibus le habitbat statim s contulit. Mox feram vdit, et arcum, quem scum attulerat, intendit; eius tamen pellem, quae dnsissima 10 erat, tricere non potuit. Tum clv magn quam semper gerbat leonem percussit, frstr tamen; neque enim hc mod eum occdere potuit. Tum dmum collum mnstr bracchis sus complexus est et faucs eius omnibus vribus compressit. Hc mod le brev tempore exanimatus est; nulla enim resprand 15 facults e dabtur. Tum Herculs cdaver ad oppidum in umers rettulit; et pellem, quam dtrxerat, poste pr veste gerbat. Omns autem qu eam reginem incolbant, ubi fmam d morte lenis accprunt, vehementer gaudbant et Herculem magn 20 honre habbant. 22. 2nd LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA Paul post iussus est ab Eurysthe Hydram necre. Hoc autem mnstrum erat cui novem erant capita. Hercules igitur cum amc Iola profectus est ad paldem Lernaeam, in qu Hydra habitbat. 25 Mox mnstrum invnit, et quamquam rs erat magni pericul,

Heracles
affer, -ferre, attul, alltum: carry to bring 5 amcus, - m.: friend, 6 arcus, -s m.; bow, 4 bracchium, - n.: arm, 2 cadver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 clva, -ae f.: club, 1 collum, - n.; neck, 6 complector, -plect, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 comprim, -ere, -press: press together, 2 credibilis, -e: credible, 2 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 dmum: at length, finally, 3 densus, -a, -um: thick, 2 dtrah, -ere, -ax, -actum: draw away/off, 2 duodecim: twelve, 6 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 expi (1): expiate, 2 facults, -ttis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 faucs, -ium f.: throat, 2 fera, -ae f.: wild animal, beast, 1 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 gaude, -re, gvsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 honor, -ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 imper (1): order, command, 12 incol, -ere, -u: inhabit, 4 infstus, -a, -um: unsafe, dangerous, 1 intend, -ere, -nd, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 Iolus, - m.: Iolaus, 1

19

le, lenis m.: lion, 5 Lernaeus, -a, -um: of Lerna, 1 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 Nemeaeus, -a, -um: of Nemea, 1 novem: nine, 3 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 pals, paldis f.: swamp, marsh, 3 pellis, -is f.: hide, skin, pelt, 2 percuti, -ere, -cuss, -cussum: strike, 2 plrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 pota, -ae m.: poet, 4 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 quamquam: although, 4 redd, -ere, did, dditum: give back, return 4 respr (1): to breathe back, breathe out, 2 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 scrb, -ere, scrps, scrptum: write, 2 semper: always, ever, forever, 2 servi, -re, -v, -tum: to be slave to, serve, 1 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 trici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: pierce, throw across, 2 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5

1 anns: for; acc. of duration servibat: served; governs a dative: i.e. was a slave to 2 hcn mod: in; abl. of manner scelus: nom. subj., neuter sg. 3 expir: passive inf. expi, expire plrima: very many (things); neuter pl. subject, substantive multa: many things; subject 7 prmum: first (of all); adverbial acc. iussus est: pf. iube, Hercules is subj. ill tempore: at; abl. time when 9 s contulit: carried himself; pf. cnfer 10 scum: cum s attulerat: plpf. affer 11 gerbat: he was carrying

frustr: in vain; adverb 12 hc mod: in this way; abl. manner 14 vribus: with strength; abl. of means, pl. of vs, force; 3rd declension endings distinguish it from vir, vir 15 brev tempore: at; abl. time when, 3rd decl. i-stem abl. sg. resprand: gen. sg. of the gerund (ing) modifying nom. sg. facults 17 rettulit: pf. refer 19 magn honre: in great honor 23 paul: a little; degree of difference 24 cui: (the one) to whom; dat possession 25 profectus est: pf. dep. proficscor 26 percul: of great danger; genitive of description in the predicative position

20

Heracles

collum eius sinistr prehendit. Tum dextr capita novem abscdere 1 coepit; quotins tamen hoc fcerat, nova capita exoribantur. Di frustr laborbat; tandem hc cnt dstitit. Deinde arbors succdere et ignem accendere cnstituit. Hoc celeriter fcit, et postquam ligna ignem comprehendrunt, face rdente colla adssit, 5 unde capita exoribantur. Nec tamen sine magn labre haec fcit; vnit enim auxili Hydrae cancer ingns, qu, dum Herculs capita abscdit, crra eius mordbat. Postquam mnstrum tal mod interfcit, sagitts sus sanguine eius imbuit, itaque mortifers 10 reddidit. 23. 3rd LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG Postquam Eurysthe caeds Hydrae nuntita est, magnus timor animum eius occupvit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad s referre; nluit enim virum tantae audciae in urbe retinre. Hic 15 autem cervus, cuius cornua aurea fuisse trduntur, incrdibil fuit celeritte. Herculs igitur prm vestigis eum in silv persequbatur; deinde ubi cervum ipsum vdit, omnibus vribus currere coepit. sque ad vesperum currbat, neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quitem relinqubat, frustr tamen; nll enim 20 mod cervum cnsequ poterat. Tandem postquam ttum annum cucurrerat (ita trditur), cervum curs exanimtum cpit, et vvum ad Eurystheum rettulit. 24. 4th LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR Tum vr iussus est Herculs aprum quendam capere qu ill 25 tempore agrs Erymanthis vstbat et incols huius reginis magnopere terrbat. Herculs rem suscpit et in Arcadiam

Heracles
abscd, -ere, -cd, -csum: cut away or off, 5 accend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: kindle, light, 2 adr, -rere, -ss, stum: set fire to, burn 1 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 aper, arp m.: wild boar, 3 arbor, -is f.: tree, 5 Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 arde, -re, ars, arsum: be on fire, burn, 3 audcia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 caeds, -is f.: slaughter, killing, 1 cancer, -cancr m.: crab, 1 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 celeriter: swiftly, quickly, 1 cervus, - m.: stag, 5 collum, - n.; neck, 6 comprehend, -ere, -d, -sum: grasp, seize, 3 contus, -s m.: attempt, effort, 7 consequor, -, sectus: follow after; pursue, 3 corn, -s n.: horn, 2 crs, crris n.: leg, 1 curr, -ere, cucurr, cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 dsist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 dexter, -tra, -trum: right (hand); favorable, 1 di: a long time, long, 13 Erymanthius, -a, -um: of Erymanthus, 1 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 exorior, -orr, -ortus sum: arise from, rise, 2 fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 imbu, -uere, -bu, -btum: wet, soak, 2 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7

21

incrdibilis, -e: incredible, 2 Itaque: and so, 8 labr (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2 lgnum, - n.: wood, 4 morde, -ere, momord, morsum: bite, 1 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2 nec: and not, nor, 10 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 novem: nine, 3 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 nunti (1): announce, 3 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 persequor, -sequ, -sectus: follow up, 1 prehend, -ere, -hend, -hnsum: seize, 5 quis, quitis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 quotins: as often as, 2 redd, ere, did, -dditum: give back, return, 4 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 retine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 sinistra, -ae f.: left hand, 1 succd, -ere, -cd, -csum: cut down or off, 1 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 tlis, -e: such, 6 terre, -re, -u, territum: to terrify, scare, 5 unde: whence, from which source, 6 usque: all the way to, up to, continuously, 2 vast (1): lay waste, 2 vr: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4 vestgium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4 vvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4

1 sinistr (man): with is left hand; abl. means; as often supply man dextr (man): with is right hand exoribantur: impf. deponent 3 frustr: in vain; adverb hc cnt: from; abl. of separation 5 ligna: nom. subject, neuter plural face rdente: abl. abs.; pres. pple rde 7 auxili Hydrae: as help for the Hydra; for help, double dative (dat. purpose and dat. of interest) 8 eius: his; i.e. Heracles

tal mod: in such a way; i-stem abl. 9 mortifers reddidit: rendered (the arrows) deadly; mortifers is acc. pred. 15 tantae audciae: gen. description 16 fuisse: pf. inf. sum trduntur: are reported 17 celeritte: of; abl. quality, predicate vestigis: by footprints; means 20 sibi: for him; dat. of interest 21 cnsequ: to catch up with; dep. inf. 22 ita trditur: thus it is reported 23 rettulit: pf. refer

22

Heracles

profectus est. Postquam in silvam paulum prgressus est, apr 1 occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem vdit, statim refgit; et timre perterritus in altam fossam s proicit. Herculs igitur laqueum quem attulerat inicit, et summ cum difficultte aprum foss extrxit. Ille ets fortiter repugnbat, nll mod s liberre 5 potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum vvus reltus est. 25. HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE D quart labre, quem supr narrvimus, haec etiam trduntur. Herculs dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam reginem vnit quam 10 centaur incolbant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad spluncam dvertit in qu centaurus qudam, nmine Pholus, habitbat. Ille Herculem benign excpit et cnam parvit. At Herculs postquam cenvit, vnum Phol postulvit. Erat autem in spelunc magna amphora vn optim replta, quam centaur ibi 15 dposuerant. Pholus igitur hoc vnum dare nolbat, quod reliqus centaurs timbat; nllum tamen vnum praeter hoc in spelunc habbat. "Hoc vnum," inquit, "mihi commissum est. S igitur hoc dab, centaur m interficient." Herculs tamen eum irrsit, et ipse pculum vn d amphor hausit. 20 26. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor icundissimus undique diffsus est; vnum enim suvissimum erat. Centaur ntum odorem snsrunt et omns ad locum convnrunt. Ubi ad 25 spluncam pervnrunt, magnopere rt erant quod Herculem

Heracles
affer, -ferre, attul, alltum: carry to bring 5 altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 amphora, -ae f.: amphora, jar, 3 aper, arp m.: wild boar, 3 aperi, -re, -u, -ertus: open, disclose, 3 appet, -ere, -v, -pettum: draw near, 3 Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 cna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 cn (1): to dine, eat dinner, 2 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 dvert, -ere, -vert: turn away, turn aside, 1 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 diffund, -ere, -fd, -fsum: pour out, 1 ets: even if, although, though, 13 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 extrah, -ere, -trax, -tractum: draw out, 2 fortiter: bravely, 2 fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 hauri, haurre, haus, -stum: drink, draw, 1 incol, -ere, -u: inhabit, 4 inici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw in or upon, 2 inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 inrde, -re, -rs, -rsum: laugh at, mock, 1 rtus, -a, -um: angry, 5 icundus, -a, -um: pleasant, sweet, 1

23

laqueus, - m.: noose, 1 liber (1): to set free, release, 6 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 ntus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 occurr, -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2 odor, odris m.: smell, odor, 2 optimus, -a, -um: best, noblest, finest, 1 perterre, -re: frighten, terrify, 5 Pholus, - m.: Pholus, 6 pculum, - n.: cup, 7 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 praeter: except, besides, 2 proici, -icere, -ic, -iectum: throw forth, 4 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3 refugi, -ere, -fg: flee back, 5 reple, -re, -plv, -pltum: fill again, fill, 4 repugn (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 suvis, -e: sweet, pleasant, 1 supr: above, before, 6 time, -re, -u: fear, dread, 6 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 vvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4

1 profectus est: pf. dep. proficiscor progressus est: pf. dep. progredior apr: dat. obj. of a compound verb 2 simul atque: as soon as; at the same time as 3 altam: deep; elsewhere tall 4 attulerat: pf. affer and dat. of interest) 5 ets: although nll mod: in no way; abl. manner 9 supr: above; i.e. earlier in the story haec: neut. pl. nom. subject trduntur: are reported 10 eam: that; demonstrative adj.

nmine: by name; abl. of respect Erat: there was replta: PPP (pf. pass. pple) reple mihi: dat. ind. object commissum est: was entrusted Sdab, interficient: If I givewill kill; fut. more vivid condition (s, fut. ind., fut. ind.), the protasis (dab) in English translation is pres. in form but fut. in sense 23 Simul atque: as soon as; at the same time as icundissimus: most pleasant; superl. 12 14 15 18

24

Heracles

bibentem vdrunt. Tum arma rapurunt et Pholum interficere 1 volbant. Herculs tamen in adit spluncae cnstitit et impetum erum fortissim sustinbat. Facs rdents in es conicit; mults etiam sagitts sus vulnervit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae lim imbtae erant. Omns igitur qus ille 5 sagitts vulnerverat venn statim absmpt sunt; reliqu autem ubi hoc vdrunt, terga vertrunt et fug saltem petirunt. 27. THE FATE OF PHOLUS Postquam reliqu fgrunt, Pholus ex splunc gressus est, et 10 corpora spectbat erum qu sagitts interfect erant. Magnopere autem mirtus est quod tam lev vulnere exanimti erant, et causam eius re quaerbat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cdaver cuiusdam centaur iacbat, et sagittam vulnere trxit. Haec tamen sve cs sve cnsili derum manibus eius lapsa est, et pedem leviter 15 vulnervit. Ille extempl dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit, et post breve tempus v venn exanimtus est. Mox Herculs, qu reliqus centaurs sectus erat, ad spluncam rediit, et magn cum dolre Pholum mortuum vdit. Mults cum lacrims corpus amic ad sepultram dedit; tum, postquam alterum pculum 20 vn exhausit, somn s dedit. 28. 5th LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES Deinde Eurystheus Hercul hunc labrem graviorem impsuit. Augs qudam, qui ill tempore rgnum in lide obtinbat, tria 25 milia bom habbat. H in stabul ingentis magnitdinis

Heracles
absum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take away, 1 ade, -re, -i(v): go to, approach, 4 aditus, -s m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 amcus, - m.: friend, 6 arde, -re, ars, arsum: be on fire, burn, 3 arma, -rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 Augs, -ae m.: Augeas, 1 bib, -ere, bib: drink, 4 cadver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 const, -stre, -stit, -stitum: stand together, it is agreed, 6 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 lis, -idis f.: Elis, 1 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 exhauri, -re, -aus, -austum: drink up, 1 extempl: immediately, straightaway, 1 fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 iace, -re, -u: to lie, lie low, 3 imbu, -uere, -bu, -btum: wet, soak, 2 impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7 lbor, lb, lpsum sum: to slip, glide, 1 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 levis, leve: light, slight, 2 leviter

25

mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 lim: once, formerly, 10 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 Pholus, - m.: Pholus, 6 pculum, - n.: cup, 7 rapi, -ere, rapu, raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 sepeli, -re, -v, sepultum: to bury, 1 sequor, -, sectus: follow, pursue, attend, 4 sve: or if, whether if, 6 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 spect (1): to watch, look at, 1 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 sustine, -re, u, -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 tergum, - n.: back, 8 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 trs, tria: three, 9 vennum, - n.: poison, 7 vert, -ere, vert, versum: to turn, 4 vol (1): to fly, 3 vulner (1): wound, injure, 7 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

1 bibentem: pres. pple bib 3 fortissim: superlative adv. sustinbat: was holding off Facs: acc. pl. fax rdents: pres. pple rde 4 eaedem: the same; the suffix -dem does not decline, but is, ea, id does 7 fug: in flight; abl. of mean peti(v)runt: pf. pet 10 reliqu: the remaining (centaurs) gressus est: pf. dep. gredior 11 erum: of those; elsewhere their 12 lev vulnere: abl. means; i-stem 3rd decl. adj. 13 eius re: of this matter; gen. sg. Adiit: pf. ad-e 13 cuiusdam: gen. sg. qudam

14 iacbat: from iace, iacre, to lie down not iaci, iacere, to throw 14 svesve: whetheror 14 cs: by chance; elsewhere csus has a negative connotation: misfortune 15 cnsil: by the plan; abl. of cause lpsa est: pf. deponent 16 extempl: adverb 17 v: abl. of means, vs venn: gen. sg. 18 sectus est: plpf. dep. sequor rediit: pf. red-e 19 magn cum dolre, mults cum lacrims: abl. of manner, the adj. is emphasized when it precedes cum 21 somn: to sleep; dat. ind. obj. 26 bo(v)m: of cattle; gen. pl. bs

26

Heracles

incldbantur. Stabulum autem inluvi ac squlre erat obsitum, 1 neque enim ad hoc tempus umquam purgtum erat. Hoc Hercules intr spatium nus di purgre iussus est. Ille, ets rs erat multae operae, negtium suscpit. Prmum magn labre fossam duodvgint pedum dxit, per quam flminis aquam d montibus 5 ad murum stabul perdxit. Tum postquam mrum perrpit, aquam in stabulum immsit et tl mod contr opninem omnium opus cnfcit. 29. 6th LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS 10

Post paucs dis Herculs ad oppidum Stymphlum iter fcit; imperverat enim e Eurystheus ut avs Stymphalids necret. Hae avs rostra anea habbant et carne hominum vscbantur. Ille postquam ad locum pervnit, lacum vdit; in hc autem lac, qu non procul erat ab oppid, avs habitbant. Nlla tamen dabtur 15 appropinquand facults; lacus enim nn ex aqu sed lm cnstitit. Herculs igitur neque pedibus neque lintre prgred potuit. Ille cum magnam partem di frustr cnsumpsisset, hc cnt dstitit et ad Volcnum s contulit, ut auxilium ab e peteret. 20 Volcnus (qu ab fabrs maxim colbtur) crepundia quae ipse ex are fabrictus erat Hercul dedit. Hs Herculs tam acrem crepitum fcit ut avs perterritae volrent. Ille autem, dum volant, magnum numerum erum sagitts trnsfxit.

Heracles
ac: and, and also, 14 acer, acris, acre: sharp; fierce, keen, 1 aneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 r, aris n.: air, 7 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 avis, avis f.: bird, 4 vol (1): to fly away, 2 car, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 col, -ere, colu, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 contus, -s m.: attempt, effort, 7 const, -stre, -stit, -stitum: stand together, it is agreed, 6 consm, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 crepitus, -s m.: rattle, clatter, 1 crepundia, -rum n.: rattle, 1 dsist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 duo-de-viginti: eighteen, 1 ets: even if, although, though, 13 faber, fabr m.: smith, engineer, 2 fabricor, -r, -tus sum: make, fashion, 1 facults, -ttis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 immitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send, et in, 2 imper (1): order, command, 12 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 inluvis, - f.: dirt, filth, 1 intr: within, among (+ acc.), 4 lacus, -s m.: lake, 3 lmus, - m.: mud, 1

27

linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3 maxim: especially, very greatly, 5 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 mrus, - m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 obsitus, -a, -um: overgrown or covered with 1 opera, -ae f.: effort, work, 1 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 perdc, -ere, -x, -ctum: lead through, 4 perrump, -ere, -rp, -ruptum: break through, 2 perterre, -re: frighten, terrify, 5 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 purg (1): to cleanse, make clean, 2 rostrum, - n.: beak, 1 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 squlor, -ris m.: dirt, filth, 1 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 Stymphalis, -idis: of Stymphalus, 1 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 tlis, -e: such, 6 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 trnsfg, -fgere, -fx, -fxum: pierce, 4 umquam: ever, 5 vescor, vesc: to feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3 Volcnus, - m.: Vulcan, 13

1 nus di: of one day; gen. sg., nus has us in the gen. sg. and in dat. sg. 3 multae operae: of; gen. description as predicate; gen. of 1st decl. opera 4 prmum: adverb 5 pedum: gen. pl. of measure dxit: draw a ditch; i.e. dig or build 7 tl mod: in such a way; abl. manner, opninem: expectation; with contr opus: neuter acc. sg. direct object 12 imperverat: had ordered (dat) that; e: dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id utnecret: that; ind. command impf. subj. in secondary seq. (i.e. main

13 16 17 19 20 22 23

verb is in the past); you main translate this construction that he kill or often as an inf. to kill vscbantur: governs an abl. obj. appropinquand: of approaching; a gen. sg. gerund modifying facults nequeneque: neithernor prgred: dep. inf. prgredior hc cnt: from; abl. of separation s contulit: carried himself; cnfer utpeteret: to seek; purpose, impf. hs: for these (birds); dat. of interest utvolrent: that..flew away; result, impf. subj. in secondary seq.

28

Heracles 1

30. 7th LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL

Tum Eurystheus Hercul impervit ut taurum quendam fercissimum ex nsul Crt vvum referret. Ille igitur nvem cnscendit, et cum ventus idneus esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen nsulae iam appropinquret, tanta tempests subit corta est ut 5 nvis cursum tenre non posset. Tantus autem timor anims nautrum occupvit ut paene omnem spem saltis dpnerent. Herculs tamen, ets navigand impertus erat, haudququam territus est. 10 Post breve tempus summa tranquillits cnsecta est, et nautae, qu s ex timre iam recperant, nvem incolumem ad terram appulrunt. Herculs nv gressus est, et cum ad regem Crtae vnisset, causam veniend docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parta sunt, ad eam reginem contendit quam taurus vstbat. Mox 15 taurum vdit, et quamquam rs erat magn pericul, cornua eius prehendit. Tum, cum ingent labre mnstrum ad nvem trxisset, cum praed in Graeciam rediit. 31. 8th LABOR: MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE 20

Postquam ex nsul Crt rediit, Herculs ab Eurysthe in Thraciam missus est, ut equs Diomdis redceret. H equ carne hominum vscbantur; Diomds autem, vir crudlissimus, ills obicibat peregrins omns qu in eam reginem vnerant. Herculs igitur magn celeritte in Thraciam contendit et ab 25 Diomde postulvit ut equ sibi trderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere nllet, Herculs r commtus rgem interfcit et cdaver eius equs obic iussit.

Heracles
appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 cadver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 car, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 consequor, -, sectus: follow after; pursue, 3 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 corior, -orr, -ortus sum: to arise, 4 corn, -s n.: horn, 2 Crta, -ae f.: Crete, 3 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 Dimds, -is m.: Diomedes, 3 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 equus, - m.: horse, 7 ets: even if, although, though, 13 ferx, -cis: fierce, savage, 1 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 haudququam: not at all, in no way, 2 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 impertus, -a, -um: inexperienced, 1 imper (1): order, command, 12

29

incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3 navig (1): to sail, 5 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 obici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw or cast at, 3 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 paene: almost, nearly, 8 peregrnus, - m.: stranger, foreigner, 1 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2 prehend, -ere, -hend, -hnsum: seize, 5 quamquam: although, 4 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: take back, 8 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 terre, -re, -u, territum: to terrify, scare, 5 Thrcia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 tranquillits, -ttis f.: calm, tranquility, 2 vast (1): lay waste, 2 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 vescor, vesc: to feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3 vvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4

2 Hercul: Hercules; dat. obj. of imper utreferret: that; ind. command with impf. subj. (secondary seq.) may be translated as thatcarry back or often as inf. to carry back 4 cumesset: when; impf. subj. of sum, translate just as impf. indicative 5 appropinquret: see line 4 above utposset: that..was able; result clause, impf. subj. (secondary seq) 7 utdpneret: that..carried off; result clause, impf. subj. (secondary seq) 8 navigand: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) modifies impertus srecperant: had retreated; idiom 13 cumvnisset: when; plpf. subj. of veni, translate as plpf. indicative veniend: for coming; gen. sg. gerund

(-ing), here a objective genitive 16 magn pericul: of great danger; gen. of description as predicate 17 ingent labre: with; abl. of means or manner; i-stem 3rd decl. adj. trxisset: plpf. subj. trah, see line 13 18 rediit: pf. red-e 22 utredceret: in order thatmight; purpose clause, impf. subj. can be translated in order that or so that or as infinitives expressing purpose 23 vscbantur: dep. governs abl. object ills: at them; dat. of compound verb 25 uttrderentur: that..be handed over; ind. command, impf. subj. 27 nllet: impf. subj. nl (inf. nlle) 28 equs: at; dat. of compound verb obic: pres. pass. inf. obici

With the exception of purpose clauses (may, might) and if-then clauses, almost all the subjunctives that readers will encounter do not require a special translation. Simply identify the tense of the verb and translate as one would an indicative.

30

Heracles

Ita mra rerum commutti facta est; is enim qu ante mults cum 1 crucit necverat ipse edem supplici nectus est. Cum haec nuntita essent, omns qu eam reginem incolbant maxim laetiti affecti sunt et Hercul meritam grtiam referbant. Nn mod maxims honribus et praemis eum dcorvrunt sed 5 orbant etiam ut rgnum ipse susciperet. Ille tamen hoc facere nlbat, et cum ad mare rediisset, nvem occupvit. Ubi omnia ad navigandum parta sunt, equs in nv collocvit; deinde, cum idneam tempesttem nactus esset, sine mor port solvit, et paul post equs in ltus Argolicum exposuit. 10 32. 9th LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE Gns Amzonum dicitur omnn ex mulieribus cnstitisse. Hae summam scientiam re mlitris habbant, et tantam virttem adhibbant ut cum virs proelium committere audrent. Hippolyt, 15 Amzonum rgna, balteum habuit celeberrimum quem Mars e dederat. Admt autem, Eurysthe flia, fmam d hc balte accperat et eum possidre vehementer cupibat. Eurystheus igitur Hercul mandvit ut cpis cgeret et bellum Amzonibus nferret. Ille nuntis in omns parts dmisit, et cum magna multitud 20 convnisset, es dlegit qu maximum sum in r militr habbant. 33. THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED Hs virs Herculs persusit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut 25 scum iter facerent. Tum cum es quibus persuserat nvem

Heracles
adhibe, -re, -u, -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 Admta, -ae f.: Admeta, 1 Amzons, -um f.: Amazon, 7 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 Argolicus, -a, -um: of Argolis, 1 aude, -re, ausus sum: to dare, 1 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 bellum, -, n.: war, 6 celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 cg, cgere, -g, -ctum: collect, compel, 5 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 commttio, -tinis f.: change, 2 conloc (1): place together, 1 const, -stre, -stit, -stitum: stand together, it is agreed, 6 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 crucitus, -s m.: torture, 2 cupi, -ere, -v, -tum: desire, long for, 4 decor (1): to adorn, distinguish, 2 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 equus, - m.: horse, 7 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 gns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 Hippolyt, -s f.: Hippolyte, 4 honor, -ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 incol, -ere, -u: inhabit, 4

31

infer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus: bring on, wage, 3 laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3 mand (1): to entrust, give, commit, 2 Mars, Martis m.: Mars, 1 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 mlitris, -e: military, warlike, 3 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 multitd, -tdinis f.: multitude, 2 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 navig (1): to sail, 5 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 nunti (1): announce, 3 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 portus, -s m.: harbort, port, 3 posside, -re, possd, possessum: possess 1 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 regna, -ae f.: queen, 2 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 sus, ss m.: use, employment, 3 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10

1 isqu: he who cum crucit: abl. of manner 3 nuntita essent: plpf. pass. subj. in a cum-clause, translate as as you would a plpf. pass. indicative eam: this; demonstrative adj. 4 Hercul: to Hercules; dat. ind. object Nn modsedetiam: not only but also 5 honribus, praemis: abl. of means 6 utsusciperet: thatundertake; impf. subj. in ind. command can alternatively be translated as an inf. to undertake 7 rediisset: plpf. subj. red-e, translate as plpf. indicative ad navigandum: for sailing; ad + acc. gerund (stem + nd + 2nd decl. endings)

expresses purpose 8 in nv: 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 9 nactus esset: plpf. deponent subj. solvit: sets sail 10 paul: little; abl. degree of difference 13 cnstitisse: to have consisted; pf. inf. 14 re mlitris: of military affairs; gen. 15 utaudret: so that; impf. subj. of aude, audre in a result clause proelium committere: begin battle 16 celeberrimum: superlative 13 e: dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id 19 Hercul: to Hercules; dat. ind. obj. ut..cgeret: impf. subj. ind. command Amzonibus: on; dat. of compound 25 persusit: takes dat + ind. command 26 quibus: whom he had persuaded

32

Heracles

cnscendit, et cum ventus idneus esset, post paucs dis ad 1 stium flminis Thermdontis appulit. Postquam in fns Amazonum vnit, nntium ad Hippolytam msit, qu causam veniend doceret et balteum posceret. Ipsa Hippolyt balteum trdere volbat, quod d Herculis virtte fmam accperat; reliquae 5 tamen Amzons e persusrunt ut negret. At Herculs, cum haec nuntita essent, bell fortnam temptre cnstituit. Proxim igitur di cum cpis dxisset, locum idneum dlegit et hosts ad pugnam vocvit. Amzons quoque cpis sus ex castrs dxrunt et non magn intervll ab Hercule aciem 10 nstrxrunt. 34. THE BATTLE Plus erat nn magna inter dus exercits; neutr tamen initium trnseund facere volbant. Tandem Herculs signum dedit, et ubi 15 paldem trnsiit, proelium commsit. Amzons impetum virrum fortissim sustinurunt, et contr opninem omnium tantam virttem praestitrunt ut mults erum occderint, mults etiam in fugam conicerint. Vir enim nov genere pugnae perturbbantur nec magnam virttem praestbant. 20 Herculs autem cum haec vidret, de sus fortuns desperre coepit. Milits igitur vehementer cohorttus est ut prstinae virttis memoriam retinrent neu tantum ddecus admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinrent; quibus verbs anims omnium ita rxit ut mult etiam qu vulneribus confect essent proelium sine 25 mor redintegrrent.

Heracles
acis, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 admitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: admit, allow, 1 Amzons, -um f.: Amazon, 7 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 bellum, -, n.: war, 6 castra, -rum n.: camp, 1 cohortor, -hortr, -horttus: encourage, 2 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 ddecus, ddecoris n.: dishonor, disgrace, 1 dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 dspr (1): to despair, give up, 4 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 dc, -ere, -dx, -ductum: lead out, draw, 3 rig, -ere, -rx, -rectum: raise up, lift, 1 voc (1): call out, challenge, 1 exercitus, -s m.: army, 2 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 fortiter: bravely, 2 fortna, -ae f.: fortune, chance, luck, 3 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 Hippolyt, -s f.: Hippolyte, 4 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 initium, - n.: beginning, entrance, 1 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 intervallum, - n.: interval, distance, 2

33

memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 mls, mlitis m.: soldier, 2 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 nec: and not, nor, 10 neg (1): to deny, say thatnot, 3 neu: nor, and not, 1 neuter, neutra, neutrum: neither, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 nunti (1): announce, 3 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 stium, -i n.: mouth, entrance, 3 plus, - m.: stake, 2 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 perturb (1): to trouble, greatly disturb, 2 posc, -ere, popsc: ask, demand, 1 praest, -stre, -stit: stand in front, show, 6 prstinus, -a, -um: former, 1 proelium, -i n.: battle, 4 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 2 que: and, 14 quoque: also, 1 redintegr (1): make whole again, renew, 1 retine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3 signum, - n.: sign, signal, 2 sustine, -re, u, -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 tempt (1): to attempt; attack; test, probe, 1 Thermdn, -dontis m.: Thermodon, 1 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 vol (1): to fly, 3 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

1 esset: impf. subj. sum 3 qudoceretposceret: who would instruct...anddemand; relative clause of purpose; impf. subj. 4 veniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) 6 persusrunt: persuaded (dat) that; governs ind. command; impf. subj. 7 nuntita essent: plpf. subj. translate just as plpf. indicative 8 Proxim di: on; abl. of time when dxisset: plpf. subj. dc 10 magn intervll: at a great interval

neutr: neither; nom. pl. subj trnseund: gerund (-ing), trns-e trnsiit: pf. trns-e fortissim: superlative adv. sustinrunt: held off 19 occderint: pf. subj. in a result clause nov genere: by the new type 24 utsustinrent: ind. command quibus verbs: with these words 25 ut..: that; result clause, impf. subj. confect essent: plpf. pass. subj. in a rel. clause of characteristic 14 15 16 17

34

Heracles 1

35. THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS

Di et acriter pugntum est; tandem tamen ad slis occsum tanta commutti rrum facta est ut muliers terga verterent et fug saltem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus defssae dum fugiunt captae sunt, in qu numer ipsa erat Hippolyt. Herculs summam 5 clementiam praestitit, et postquam balteum accpit, liberttem omnibus captvs dedit. Tum vr socis ad mare rdxit, et quod nn multum aesttis supererat, in Graeciam proficsc maturvit. Nvem igitur cnscendit, et tempesttem idneam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervnit, ad urbem Troiam 10 nvem appellere cnstituit, frmentum enim quod scum habbat iam dficere coeperat. 36. LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER Lamedon qudam ill tempore rgnum Troiae obtinbat. Ad hunc 15 Neptnus et Apoll ann superire vnerant, et cum Troia nndum moenia habret, ad hoc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen hrum auxili moenia cnfecta sunt, nlbat Lomedn praemium quod prposuerat persolvere. Neptnus igitur et Apoll ob hanc causam rt mnstrum 20 quoddam mserunt speci horribil, quod cotdie mar venibat et homins pecudsque vorbat. Troin autem timre perterrit in urbe continbantur, et pecora omnia ex agrs intr murs compulerant. Lomedn hs rbus commtus rculum cnsuluit, ac deus e praecpit ut fliam Hsinen mnstr obiceret. 25

Heracles
ac: and, and also, 14 acriter: sharply, fiercely, 2 aests, aesttis f.: summer, 1 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 antequam: before, 9 Apollo, -inis m.: Apollo, 7 appet, -ere, -v, -pettum: draw near, 3 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 captvus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 clementia, -ae f.: mercy, kindness, 1 commtti, -tinis f.: change, 2 compell, -ere, -pul: drive together, 3 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 consul, consulere, -lu, -ltum: to consult, 3 contine, -re, -nu: hold or keep together, 4 cottdi: daily, 2 dfessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 1 dfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: fail, 3 di: a long time, long, 13 frmentum, - n.: grain, 4 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 Hsion, -s f.: Hesione, 1 Hippolyt, -s f.: Hippolyte, 4 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 intr: within, among (+ acc.), 4 rtus, -a, -um: angry, 5 Lamedon, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5 lberts, -ttis f.: freedom, liberty, 1 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 moenia, -rum n.: walls, 2 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 mrus, - m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4

35

nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 Neptnus, - m.: Neptune, 4 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 nondum: not yet, 4 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 obici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw or cast at, 3 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 occsus, -s m.: fall, destruction, 4 offer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: offer, present 5 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4 pecus, pecudis f.: herd of cattle, 1 persolv, -ere, -solv, -soltum: to pay up, 1 perterre, -re: frighten, terrify, 5 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 praest, -stre, -stit: stand in front, show, 6 propn, -ere, -su, -situm: put or set forth, 4 pugn (1): to fight, 4 que: and, 14 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 tergum, - n.: back, 8 Troia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 Troin, -rum m.: Trojans, 1 vr: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 vert, -ere, vert, versum: to turn, 4 vor (1): to devour, 1 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

2 pugntum est: they fought; it was fought, an impersonal passive better translated in the active ad: near; up to 3 utpeterent: that; result, impf. fug: in flight; abl. means 4 Multae: many (Amazons) vulneribus: abl. means 7 vr: in truth; adverb 8 multum aesttis: much of the summer; partitive gen. supererat: remained; impf. supersum

proficisc: dep. inf. proficiscor 9 nactus: having obtained; nancscor 10 solvit: set sail 15 ill tempore: at; abl. time when 16 ann superire: on the previous year cum..habret: since; causal in sense 21 speci horribil: of; abl. of quality, 3rd decl. i-stem abl. adjective 24 commtus: upset; PPP, moved emotionally, not physically 25 e praecpit: intructed him utobiceret: ind. command, impf.

36

Heracles 1

37. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE

Lamedn, cum hoc respnsum renntitum esset, magnum dolrem percpit; sed tamen, ut cvs sus tant percul lberret, rcul parre constituit et diem sacrifici dxit. Sed sve cs sve cnsili derum Herculs tempore opportnissim Troiam attigit; 5 ips enim temporis pnct qu puella catns vncta ad ltus dducbtur ille nvem appulit. Herculs nv gressus d rbus quae gerbantur certior factus est; tum r commtus ad regem s contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum rx libenter e concessisset ut, s posset, puellam liberret, Herculs mnstrum interfcit; et 10 puellam, quae iam omnem spem saltis dposuerat, incolumem ad patrem redxit. Lomedn magn cum gaudi fliam suam accpit, et Hercul pr tant benefici meritam grtiam rettulit. 38. 10th LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON 15

Tum vr missus est Herculs ad nsulam Erytham, ut bovs Gryonis arcesseret. Rs erat summae difficulttis, quod bovs qudam Eurytine et cane bicipite custdibantur. Ipse autem Gryon speciem horribilem praebbat; tria enim corpora inter s coniuncta habbat. Herculs tamen ets intellegbat quantum 20 perculum esset, negtium suscpit; ac postquam per mults terrs iter fcit, ad eam partem Libyae pervnit quae Eurpae proxima est. Ibi in utrque litore fret quod Eurpam Liby dvidit columns cnstituit, quae poste Herculis Columnae appellbantur.

Heracles
ac: and, and also, 14 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 arcess, -ere, -v, -itum: summon, invite, 2 atting, -ere, -tig, -tctum: touch at, reach, 3 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 biceps, bicipitis: two-headed, 1 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 catna, -ae f.: chain, 2 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 cvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 columna, -ae f.: column, pillar, 2 concd, -ere; go away, withdraw, yield, 1 coniung, -ere, -nx, -nctum: join together, 2 custodi, -re, -v, -tum: to guard, 4 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 dvid, -ere, -vs, -vsum: divide, separate, 3 Erytha, -ae f.: Erythia, 1 ets: even if, although, though, 13 Europa, -ae f.: Europe, 2 Eurytin, -nis m.: Eurytion, 2 fretum, n.: strait, 1 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 Gryon, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10

37

ra, rae f.: anger, 12 Lamedon, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 liber (1): to set free, release, 6 Libya, -ae f.: Libya, 3 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 offer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: offer, present 5 opportnus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 pare, -re, paru: obey, 3 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 percipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: feel perceive 5 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8 punctum, - n.: point, instant, moment, 1 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 renunti, (1): report, announce, 2 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 sve: or if, whether if, 6 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 trs, tria: three, 9 Troia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 uterque, utraque, utrumque: each (of two) 1 vr: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 vinci, -re, vnx, vnctus: bind, tie, 4

2 rennittum esset: plpf. pass. subj., translates as a plpf. indicative 3 utlberret: so that; purpose tant percul: from; abl. of separation with impf. subj. of liber 4 parre: to obey; governs a dat. object diemdxit: appointed the day sacrifici: for sacrifice; dat. of purpose svesve: whetheror 4 cs: by chance; elsewhere csus has a negative connotation: misfortune 5 cnsil: by the plan; abl. of cause opportnissim: most opportune; i.e. he most suitable 6 ips pnct: at that very point; at the point itself abl. of time when qu: at which (time); abl. time when

vncta: bound; PPP (pf. pass. pple) 7 gressus: having stepped out; dep. pf. quae gerbantur: which were being carried out; the antecedent is rbus 8 certior factus est: were made more certain; i.e. were informed; commom idiom in Caesar; certior is a pred. adj. in the comparative degree s contulit: carried himself; pf. confer 9 e concessisset: granted to him that 10 utliberret: the he would free; noun result clause, common in Caesar, s posset: if he should be able; impf. subj. possum; fut. less vivid condition 17 arcesseret: so thatmight; purpose 21 esset: was; impf. subj. ind. question 22 Eurpae: to; dat. with special adj.

38 39. THE GOLDEN SHIP

Heracles 1

Dum hic mortur, Herculs magnum incommodum ex calre slis accipibat; tandem igitur r commtus arcum suum intendit et slem sagitts petiit. Sl tamen audciam vir tantum admirtus est ut lintrem auream e dederit. Herculs hoc dnum libentissim 5 accpit, nllam enim nvem in hs reginibus invenre potuerat. Tum lintrem ddxit, et ventum nactus idneum post breve tempus ad nsulam pervnit. Ubi ex incols cognvit qu in loc bovs essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et rge Gryone postulvit ut bovs sibi trderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere 10 nllet, Herculs et rgem ipsum et Eurytinem, qu erat ingent magnitdine corporis, interfcit. 40. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM Tum Herculs bovs per Hispniam et Liguriam compellere 15 cnstituit; postquam igitur omnia parta sunt, bovs ex nsul ad continentem transportvit. Ligurs autem, gns bellicsissima, dum ille per fns erum iter facit, magns cpis cogrunt atque eum longius progred prohibbant. Herculs magnam difficulttem habbat, barbar enim in locs superiribus cnstiterant et saxa 20 telaque in eum conicibant. Ille qudem paene omnem spem saltis dposuerat, sed tempore opportnissim Iuppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium cael dmsit. H tant v cecidrunt ut magnum numerum Ligurum occiderint; ipse tamen Herculs (ut in tlibus rbus accidere cnsuvit) nihil incommod cpit. 25

Heracles
accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 admror, -r, tus sum: admire, wonder at, 1 arcus, -s m.; bow, 4 audcia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 barbarus, -a, -um: foreign, savage, 1 bellicsus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 cad, -ere, cecid, csum: to fall, 1 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 calor, -ris m.: heat, 1 cg, cgere, -g, -ctum: collect, compel, 5 compell, -ere, -pul: drive together, 3 const, -stre, -stit, -stitum: stand together, it is agreed, 6 consuesc, -ere, -v, -sutum: to accustom, 3 contine, -re, -nu: hold or keep together, 4 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: to drop, 3 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 Eurytin, -nis m.: Eurytion, 2 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 gns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 Gryon, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 Hispnia, -ae f.: Spain, 1 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 imber, imbris m.: rain, 1 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 incommodum, - n.: inconvenience, 2

39

intend, -ere, -nd, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 lapis, -idis m.: stone, 1 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 Ligurs, -um m.: Ligurians, 3 Liguria, -ae f.: Liguria, 1 linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3 long: far, far and wide, 6 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 moror, -r, -tus sum: delay, linger, 3 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 nihil: nothing, 14 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 opportnus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2 paene: almost, nearly, 8 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 prohibe, -re, -hibu: hold back, hinder, 2 que: and, 14 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 tlis, -e: such, 6 telum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 transport (1): carry over or across, 2 ventus, - m.: wind, 10

2 mortur: is lingering; pres. dep. 4 petiit: attacked; pf. peti(v)it Sl: the god Sun; here personified 5 e: dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id dederit: pf. subj. in a result clause, translate as a pf. indicative; d, dare libentissim: superlative adverb 7 nactus: having attained; pple nancscor 8 qu in loc: in which place 9 profectus est: pf. dep. proficiscor 10 trderentur: thatbe handed over; impf. pass. in an ind. command 11 nllet: impf. subj. of nl (inf. nlle) in a cum-clause ingent magnitdine: of; abl. of quality as the predicate of erat

17 continentem: the continent 18 fns: territory; as often, or borders 19 longius: farther, comparative adv. progred: dep. inf. progredior 20 barbar: for the; dat. of interest 22 dposerat: had put aside; i.e. lost lapidum ingentium: gen. pl. 23 H: these (rocks); supply lapids v: irregular abl. sg. vs cecidrunt: pf. cad, fall 24 occiderint: pf. subj. in a result clause, translate as a pf. indicative ut: as; ut + indicative is translated as as or when 25 nihil incommod: no harm;nothing of inconvenience, partitive gen.

40

Heracles 1

41. THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS

Postquam Ligurs hc mod supert sunt, Herculs quam celerrim progressus est et post paucs dis ad Alps pervnit. Necesse erat hs transre, ut in Italiam bovs ageret; rs tamen summae erat difficulttis. H enim monts, qu ulterirem 5 citerire Galliam dvidunt, nive perenn sunt tect; quam ob causam neque frmentum neque pbulum in hs reginibus invenr potest. Herculs igitur antequam ascendere coepit, magnam cpiam frment et pbul comparvit et hc commet bovs onervit. Postquam in hs rbus trs dis cnsumpserat, quart di profectus 10 est, et contr omnium opninem bovs incolums in Italiam trdxit. 42. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN Brev tempore ad flmen Tiberim vnit. Tum tamen nlla erat urbs 15 in e loc, Roma enim nndum condita erat. Herculs itinere fessus cnstituit ibi paucs dis morr, ut s ex labribus recreret. Haud procul valle ubi bovs pascbantur splunca erat, in qu Ccus, horribile mnstrum, tum habitbat. Hic speciem terribilem praebbat, nn mod quod ingent magnitdine corporis erat, sed 20 quod ignem ex ore exspirbat. Ccus autem d advent Herculis fmam accperat; noct igitur vnit, et dum Herculs dormit, quattuor pulcherrimrum bom abripuit. Hs cauds in spluncam trxit, n Herculs vestigis cognoscere posset qu in loc clt essent. 25

Heracles
abripi, -ere, -ripu, -reptum: snatch away 2 adventus, -s m.: arrival, approach, 3 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 Alps, -ium f.: Alps, 1 antequam: before, 9 ascend, -ere, -, -nsus: ascend, mount, 3 Ccus, - m.: Cacus, 4 cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 cl (1): hide, conceal, 5 citerior, -ius: on this side, on the near side, 1 commetus, -s m.: supplies, provisions, 1 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 cond, -ere, condid, -ditum: found, store away, hide, 2 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 dvid, -ere, -vs, -vsum: divide, separate, 3 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 exspir (1): breathe out, 1 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 2 frmentum, - n.: grain, 4 Gallia, -ae f.: Gaul, 1 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 talia, -ae f.: Italy, 2 Ligurs, -um m.: Ligurians, 3

41

mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 moror, -r, -tus sum: delay, linger, 3 necesse: necessary, 2 nix, nivis f.: snow, 1 noct: at night, by night, 2 nondum: not yet, 4 nulla ob: on account of (acc.), 13 oner (1): to load, burden, 2 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 pabulum, - n.: food, fodder, pasture, 2 pascor, -, pstum: feed, 1 perennis, -e: perennial, perpetual, 1 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 pulcher, -chra, -chrum: beautiful, pretty, 2 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3 quattuor: four, 1 recre (1): to make anew, renew, 1 Roma, -ae f.: Rome, 1 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 tectum, - n.: roof, house, 1 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 Tiberis, is m.: Tiber, 1 trdc, -ere, -x, -ctum: lead or bring over, 1 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 trs, tria: three, 9 lterior, -ius: farther, 3 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2 vestgium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4

2 hc mod: in; abl. manner quam celerrim: as fast as possible; quam + superlative: as X as possible 4 Necesse erat: it was necessary hs: these (Alps); Alps is fem. pl. ageret: purpose clause, impf. subj. ag 5 summae difficulttis: of; gen. of description as predicate of erat ulteriremGalliam: farther-side Gaul from nearer-side (Gaul); the Alps divided nearer-side Gaul (northern Italy) from farther-side Gaul (France) 6 nive perenn: abl. sg. of nix, nivis quam ob causam: for which reason 7 nequeneque: neithernor

invenr: pass. inf. inveni 10 quart di: on; abl. time when 11 opninem: expectation; obj. of contr 15 Brev tempore: abl. time when; 3rd decl. i-stem adj. 16 condita erat: had been established itinere: abl. of means, iter 17 paucs dis: for; acc. of duration morr: to linger; dep. inf. recreret: might recover; purpose 20 nn mod: not onlybut also magnitdine: of; abl. of quality 23 bom: of the cattle; partitive gen. posset: might be able; neg. purpose 25 essent: impf. subj. in ind. question

42

Heracles 1

43. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT

Poster di simul atque somn excittus est, Herculs furtum animadvertit et bovs misss omnibus locs quaerbat. Hs tamen nusquam reperre poterat, nn mod quod loc natram ignorbat, sed quod vestigis falss deceptus est. Tandem cum magnam 5 partem di frustr cnsumpsisset, cum reliqus bbus progred cnstituit. At dum proficisc parat, nus bbus qus scum habuit mugre coepit. Subit e qu in splunc inclus erant mugitum reddidrunt, et hc mod Herculem certirem fcerunt qu in loc clt essent. Ille vehementer rtus ad spluncam quam celerrim 10 s cntulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Ccus saxum ingens ita dicerat ut adtus spluncae omnn obstruertur. 44. HERCULES AND CACUS Herculs cum nllum alium introitum reperre posset, hoc saxum 15 movre cntus est, sed propter eius magnitdinem rs erat difficillima. Di frustr laborbat neque quicquam efficere poterat; tandem tamen magn cnt saxum movit et speluncam patefcit. Ibi misss bovs magn cum gaudi conspxit; sed Ccum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod splunca replta erat fm quem ille mre 20 su vombat. Herculs insitt specie turbtus breve tempus haesitbat; mox tamen in spluncam irrpit et collum mnstr bracchis complexus est. Ille ets multum repugnvit, nll mod s lberre potuit, et cum nlla facults resprand dartur, mox exanimtus est. 25

Heracles
aditus, -s m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: lose, let go, 8 move, -re, -mv, -mtum: move away, 5 animadvert, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 bracchium, - n.: arm, 2 Ccus, - m.: Cacus, 4 celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 cl (1): hide, conceal, 5 cern, -ere, crv, crtus: discern, decide, 1 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 collum, - n.; neck, 6 complector, -plect, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 contus, -s m.: attempt, effort, 7 conspici, -ere, -x, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 decipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: catch, deceive 1 dici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw/cast down 2 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 di: a long time, long, 13 effici, -ere, -fc, -fectus: make, form, 3 ets: even if, although, though, 13 vom, -ere, -u, -vomitum: vomit forth, 1 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 facults, -ttis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 fall, -ere, fefell, falsum: deceive, 3 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 fmus, - m.: smoke, 2 furtum, - n.: theft, 1 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 haesitabat ignarus, -a, -um: ignorant, 1

43

incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 inrump, -ere, -rp, -ruptum: burst in, 2 introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 insittus, -a, -um: unusual, 1 rtus, -a, -um: angry, 5 labr (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2 liber (1): to set free, release, 6 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 mgi, -re, -v: moo, bellow, 2 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 nsquam: nowhere, 1 obstru, -ere, -x, -ctum: block, close off 4 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 patefaci, -ere, -fc, -factum: to lay open, 2 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2 propter: on account of, because of, 6 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: accept, take back, 8 redd, -ere, did, dditum: give back, return, 4 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 reple, -re, -plv, -pltum: fill again, fill, 4 repugn (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2 respr (1): to breathe back, breathe out, 2 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 turb (1): to confuse, disturb, 2 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 vestgium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5

2 poster di: on; abl. time when simul atque: as soon as; as the same time as 3 misss: lost; PPP (pf. pass. pple) locs: in; abl. place where 4 nn mod: not onlybut 5 quod: because 6 di: of the day; partitive gen. bbus: irreg. abl. pl. bs ,bovis progred: dep. inf. progredior 7 proficisc: dep. inf. proficiscor bbus: irreg. abl. pl. bs ,bovis 8 e qu: those who; demonstrative 9 certirem fcrunt: mademore certain; double acc., comparative adj. is

is an acc. predicate qu, in loc: in which place; rel. adj. 10 clt essent: plpf. subj., ind. question quam celerrim: as fast as possible; quam + superlative: as X as possible 11 s contulit: carried himself; pf fer reciperet: might; purpose clause 12 obstruertur: might; purpose posset: impf. subj. possum (inf. posse) 16 cntus est: pf. deponent 17 difficillima: superlative, stems ending in r and l duplicate instead of -issimus 20 mre su: by its custom; abl. ms 23 multum: a lot; much adverbial acc. 24 resprand: gen. gerund (-ing) respr

44

Heracles 1

45. 11th LABOR: GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES

Eurystheus postquam bovs Gryonis accpit, labrem ndecimum Hercul impsuit, gravirem quam qus supr narrvimus. Mandvit enim e ut aurea pma ex hort Hesperidum auferret. Hesperids autem nymphae erant quaedam form praestantissim, 5 quae in terr longinqu habitbant, et quibus aurea quaedam pma Iunne commissa erant. Mult homins, aur cupiditte induct, haec pma auferre iam ante cnt erant. Rs tamen difficillima erat, namque hortus in qu pma erant mur ingent undique circumdtus erat; praetere drac qudam cui centum erant capita 10 portam hort diligenter custodibat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Hercul imperverat erat summae difficulttis, nn mod ob causs qus memorvimus, sed etiam quod Herculs omnn ignorbat qu in loc hortus ille situs esset. 15 46. HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS Herculs, quamquam quitem vehementer cupibat, tamen Eurysthe parre cnstituit, et simul ac iussa eius accpit, proficisc matrvit. mults merctoribus quaesverat qu in loc Hesperids habitrent, nihil tamen certum reperre potuerat. Frustr 20 per mults terrs iter fcit et multa percula subiit; tandem, cum in hs itineribus ttum annum cnsumpsisset, ad extrmam partem orbis terrrum, quae proxima est cean, pervnit. Hic stbat vir qudam, nmine Atlas, ingent magnitdine corporis, qu caelum (ita trditum est) umers sus sustinbat, n in terram dcideret. 25

Heracles
ac: and, and also, 14 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 Atls, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 aurum, - n.: gold, 3 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 centum: hundred, 3 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 circumd, -are, -ded, -datus: to surround, 1 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 cupidits, -ttis f.: desire, passion, 5 cupi, -ere, -v, -tum: desire, long for, 4 custodi, -re, -v, -tum: to guard, 4 dcid, -ere, -cid: to fall down, 1 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 drac, -nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 extrmus, -a, -um: outermost, farthest, last, 2 forma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 Gryon, -onis m.: Geryon, 4 Hesperids, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 hortor, -r, -tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 ignr (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 imper (1): order, command, 12 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7 indc, -ere, -x, -ctum: induce, lead in, 2 In, -nis m.: Juno, 3 longinquus, -a, -um: distant, remote, far off, 1 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13

45

mand (1): to entrust, give, commit, 2 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 memor (1): to recall, mention, 1 merctor, -ris m.: trader, merchant, 3 mrus, - m.: wall, rampart, 4 namque: for, 2 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 nihil: nothing, 14 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 ceanus, - m.: Oceanus, 1 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrrum, world, 1 pare, -re, paru: obey, 3 pmum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 praest, -stre, -stit: stand in front, show, 6 praetere: besides, moreover, 3 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 quamquam: although, 4 quis, quitis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2 st (1): to stand, 8 sube, -re, -i: to undergo, go up (to), 5 supr: above, before, 6 sustine, -re, u, -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 undecimum: eleven, 1 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

3 gravirem: comparative adj. quam (labrs) qus: than (the labors) which; supply labrs 4 mandvit: ordered; else entrusted e: dat. ind. object is, ea, id utauferret: that; impf. subj. fer (inf. ferre), ind. command 5 form praestantissim: of; abl. of quality as the predicate of erant praestantissim: most outstandiing 6 quibus: to whom; dat. ind. object 7 aur: for gold; object genitive induct: drawn; PPP indc

9 ingent: i-stem 3rd decl. abl. with mur 10 cui: to whom there were; i.e. who had, dative of possession 12 summae difficulttis: of; gen. of description as a predicate of erant nn mod: not onlybut also 14 qu in loc: in qu loc esset: impf. subj. sum; ind. question 18 parre to obey; governs a dat. obj. simul ac: as soon as 23 orbis terrrum: of the world; idiom 25 trditum est: so it has been reported ndcideret: neg. purpose clause

46

Heracles

Herculs tants vrs magnopere mirtus statim in colloquium cum 1 Atlante vnit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium ab e petiit. 47. HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS 5

Atls autem Hercul maxim prdesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse esset pater Hesperidum, cert scvit qu in loc esset hortus. Postquam igitur audvit quam ob causam Herculs vnisset, "Ipse," inquit, "ad hortum b et filibus mes persuadb ut pma su sponte trdant." Herculs cum haec audret, magnopere gvsus est; 10 vim enim adhibere nluit, s rs aliter fier posset. Cnstituit igitur obltum auxilium accipere. Atls tamen postulvit ut, dum ipse abesset, Herculs caelum umers sustinret. Hoc autem negtium Hercules libenter suscpit, et quamquam rs erat summ labris, 15 totum pondus cael continus complurs dis solus sustinbat. 48. THE RETURN OF ATLAS Atls intere abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qu pauca milia passuum aberat, s quam celerrim contulerat. E cum vnisset, causam veniend expsuit et flis sus vehementer horttus est ut 20 pma trderent. Illae di haerbant; nlbant enim hoc facere, quod ab ips Iunone (ita ut ante dictum est) hoc mnus accpissent. Atls tamen aliquando es persusit ut sibi parrent, et pma ad Herculem rettulit. Herculs intere cum plrs dis exspectvisset neque llam fmam d redit Atlantis accpisset, hc mor graviter 25

Heracles
abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 absum, -esse, fu: to be away, be absent, 7 adhibe, -re, -u, -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 aliquand: sometimes, at some time, 1 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 Atls, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 complrs, -plra: several, many, 1 conloquium, -i n.: conversation, 1 continuus, -a, -um: continuous, successive, 2 di: a long time, long, 13 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 gaude, -re, gvsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 haere, -re, haes, haesrum: stick, cling, 3 Hesperids, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 hortor, -r, -tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 ibo inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 intere: meanwhile, 7 In, -nis m.: Juno, 3 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 maxim: especially, very greatly, 5 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2

47

mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 mnus, mneris n.: service, gift, duty, 1 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 offer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: offer, present 5 pare, -re, paru: obey, 3 passus, -s: pace, 7 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 pls, plris: more, many, 1 pmum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 quamquam: although, 4 reditus, -s m.: return, 5 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 slus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 sponte: of ones own will, voluntarily, 2 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 sustine, -re, u, -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 llus, -a, -um: any, 3 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

1 vrs: strength; acc. pl. vs mirtus: having marveled; dep. PPP 2 docuisset: plpf. subj. cum-clause 6 prdesse: to be good for (dat); prsum 7 esset: impf. subj. sum, cum-clause cert: for sure, in fact; adverb qu in loc: in qu loc esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question 8 quam ob causam: for what reason vnisset: plpf. subj., ind. question 9 b: 1st sg. fut. e, re filibus: irreg. dat. pl. obj. ind. obj. uttrdant: ind. command; pres. subj su sponte: by their own will 10 gvsus est: rejoiced; pf. dep. gaude 11 vim: acc. sg. vs fier: to be done; inf. fi 12 obltum: offered; PPP of-fer

13 14 15 18 19

20 22 24

ut..sustinret: ind. command abesset: impf. subj. ab-sum labris: of; gen. desciption as pred. continusdis: for; acc. duration abierat: impf. ab-e milia passum: miles; thousands of paces; acc. of extent of space s contulerat: had carried himself quam celerrim: quam + superlative often is translated as X as possible, E: to there; ibi is there; inde (ibi + de) is from there; and e to there veniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) ut: that..; ind. command ita ut: thus as...; ut + indicative is as quodaccpissent: quodhad received; plpf. subj. of alleged cause rettulit: pf. re-fer

48

Heracles

commtus est. Tandem quint di Atlantem vdit redeuntem, et 1 mox magn cum gaudi pma accpit; tum, postquam grtis pr tant benefici git, ad Graeciam proficisc maturvit. 49. 12th LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG 5

Postquam aurea pma ad Eurystheum relta sunt, nus mod relinqubtur duodecim labribus qus Pythia Hercul praecperat. Eurystheus autem cum Herculem magnopere timret, eum in aliquem locum mittere volbat unde numquam redre posset. Negtium igitur e dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orc in 10 lcem trheret. Hoc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nm enim umquam ex Orc redierat. Praetere Cerberus iste mnstrum erat horribil speci, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevs cncta. Antequam tamen d hc labore narrmus, non alinum vidtur, quoniam d Orc mentinem fcimus, pauca d e regine 15 prpnere. 50. CHARON'S FERRY D Orc, qu dem Hds appellbtur, haec trduntur. Ut quisque d vt dcesserat, mns eius ad Orcum, sdem morturum, de 20 Mercurio ddcbantur. Huius reginis, quae sub terr fuisse dcitur, rx erat Plt, cui uxor erat Prserpina, Iovis et Cereris flia. Mns igitur Mercuri dduct prmum ad rpam venibant Stygis flminis, qu rgnum Pltnis contintur. Hoc transre necesse erat antequam in Orcum venre possent. Cum tamen in hc 25 flmine nllus pons factus esset, mns trnsvhbantur

Heracles
ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 alienus, -a, -um: of another, foreign, 1 aliqu, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 antequam: before, 9 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 Atls, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 Cers, Cereris f.: Ceres, 1 cing, -ere, cinx, cinctum: surround, gird, 1. contine, -re, -nu: hold or keep together, 4 dcd, -ere, -cess, -cessum: depart; die, 2 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 duodecim: twelve, 6 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 Hds, -ae m.: Hades, 1 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 lx, lcis m.: light, 6 mns, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 menti, -tinis f.: mention, 2 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 morior, mor, mortuus sum: to die, 4 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 necesse: necessary, 2 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13

49

nm, nllus, nmin, nminem, nll/nll: no one, 6 numquam: never, at no time, 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 Plt, Pltnis m.: Pluto, 6 pmum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 pns, pontis m.: bridge, 2 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 praetere: besides, moreover, 3 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 propn, -ere, -su, -situm: put or set forth, 4 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2 Pthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 quintus, -a, -um: fifth, 1 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3 quoniam: since now, seeing that, 1 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 rpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3 sdes, sdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 serpns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 sub: under, 4 time, -re, -u: fear, dread, 6 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 trnsveh, -ere, -vex: to carry across, 2 trs, tria: three, 9 umquam: ever, 5 unde: whence, from which source, 6 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 quint di: on; abl. time when redeuntem: acc. pred. pple. red-e 2 grtisgit: gave thanks; common idiom, grtis ag in the pf. pr: (in return) for 3 proficisc: pres. dep. inf. 6 mod: just; or only; an adverb 7 Hercul: dat. ind. obj. cum: since; causal in sense 10 posset: was able; impf. subj. in a rel. clause of characteristic negtiumut: task, (namely) that; a noun result clause in apposition 11 omnium: partitive gen. with the following superlative difficilimum

redierat: plpf. red-e 12 iste: that; commonly thatof yours, is an alternative for ille that often expresses contempt 13 horribil speci: of; abl. quality cuierant: to whom there were; who had, dat. of possession 14 vidtur: it seems; is seen, the subject is the inf. prpnere below; alinum is a predicate nominative 19 Ut: when; as often with indicative 22 cui: whose; dat. of possession 24 qu: by which; abl. of means 25 necesse erat: it was necessary possent: were able; subj. of ideal limit

50

Heracles

Charonte qudam, qu cum parv scaph ad rpam exspectbat. 1 Charn pr hc offici mercdem postulbat, neque quemquam, nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, trnsvehere volbat. Quam ob causam ms erat apud antiqus nmmum in ore mortu pnere e cnsili, ut, cum ad Stygem vnisset, pretium trictus solvere 5 posset. E autem qu post mortem in terr nn sepult erant Stygem trnsre nn poturunt, sed in rp per centum anns errre coct sunt; tum dmum Orcum intrre licbat. 51. THE REALM OF PLUTO 10

Ut autem mns Stygem hc mod trnsierant, ad alterum venibant flmen, quod Lth appellbtur. Ex hc flmine aquam bibere cogbantur; quod cum fcissent, rs omns in vt gests memori dponbant. Denique ad sedem ipsus Pltnis venibant, cuius introitus cane Cerber custdibatur. Ibi Plt nigr vestt 15 indtus cum uxre Proserpin in soli sdbat. Stbant etiam nn procul ab e loc tria alia slia, in quibus sdbant Mns, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, idics apud nfers. H mortus is dicbant et praemia poensque cnstitubant. Bon enim in Camps Elysis, sdem betrum, venibant; improb autem in 20 Tartarum mittbantur ac mults et varis supplicis ibi excrucibantur.

Heracles
ac: and, and also, 14 Aeacus, - m.: Aeacus, 1 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 antquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 beatus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 bib, -ere, bib: drink, 4 bonus, -a, -um: good, kind(ly), useful 1 campus, - m.: plain, field, 1 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 centum: hundred, 3 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 Charn, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 cg, cgere, -g, -ctum: collect, compel, 5 custodi, -re, -v, -tum: to guard, 4 dmum: at length, finally, 3 denique: lastly, finally, 1 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 lysius, -a, -um: Elysian, 1 err (1): wander, 3 excruci (1): torture, 1 improbus, -a, -um: wicked, 1 indu, -ere, indu, indtum: put on, 8 infer, -rum m.: the dead, the shades, 1 intr (1): go into, enter, 7 introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 idex, idicis m.: judge, 1 is, iris n.: justice, law, right, 4 Lth, -s f.: Lethe (river), 1 licet, -re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 mns, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 mercs, mercdis f.: pay, wages, 1 Mns, Mns m.: Minos, 1 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6

51

niger, nigra, nigrum: black, 1 nisi: if not, unless, 2 nummus, - m.: coin; cash, 1 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 officium, -i, n.: duty, 2 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 Plt, Pltnis m.: Pluto, 6 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3 pon, ponere, posu, positum: to place, put, 5 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 pretium, i n.: price, charge, 1 prius: before, 3 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2 que: and, 14 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 Rhadamanthus, - m.: Rhadamanthus, 1 rpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4 sede, -re, sd, sessum: to sit, 6 sdes, sdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 sepeli, -re, -v, sepultum: to bury, 1 solium, - n.: throne, seat, 2 st (1): to stand, 8 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 Tartarus, - m.: Tartarus, 1 trici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: pierce, throw across, 2 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 trnsveh, -ere, -vex: to carry across, 2 trs, tria: three, 9 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 varius, -a, -um: various, 2 vesttus, -s m.: clothing, 1 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 ad: near; up to 2 pr: (in return) for 3 nisidedisset: if he had not given; protasis in a simple past condition, originally pf. ind., made plpf. subj. quam ob causam: for which reason 4 ms erat: it was the customto e cnsili: with this purpose 5 ut: (namely) that; purpose clause

triectus: (when) sent across; PPP 7 Hercul: dat. ind. obj. 8 licbat: it would be allowed; impf. 11 Ut: When; ut + indicative, transe 13 rs..gests: all matters carried out 15 cuius: of which; gen. qu, quae, quod 16 stbant: subj. is neuter pl. tria slia 18 is dicbant: dispensed justice 20 Camps Elysis: Elysian Fields

52

Heracles 1

52. HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX

Herculs postquam imperia Eurysthe accpit, in Lacniam ad Taenarum statim s contulit; ibi enim splunca erat ingent magnitdine, per quam, ut trdbtur, homins ad Orcum dscendbant. E cum vnisset, ex incols quaesvit qu in loc 5 splunca illa sita esset; quod cum cognvisset, sine mor dscendere cnstituit. Nec tamen slus hoc iter facibat, Mercrius enim et Minerva s e socis adiunxerant. Ubi ad rpam Stygis vnit, Herculs scapham Charontis cnscendit, ut ad ulterirem rpam trnsret. Cum tamen Herculs vir esset ingent magnitdine 10 corporis, Charn solvere nlbat; magnopere enim verbtur n scapha sua tant pondere onerta in medi flmine mergertur. Tandem tamen, mins Herculis territus, Charn scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad ulterirem rpam perdxit. 15 53. THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED Postquam flmen Stygem hc mod trnsiit, Herculs in sdem ipsus Pltnis vnit; et postquam causam veniend docuit, ab e petivit ut Cerberum auferre sibi licret. Plt, qu d Hercule fmam acceperat, eum benign excpit, et faculttem quam ille 20 petbat libenter dedit. Postulvit tamen ut Herculs ipse, cum imperta Eurysthe fcisset, Cerberum in Orcum rrsus redceret. Herculs hoc pollicitus est, et Cerberum, quem nn sine magn pericul manibus prehenderat, summ cum labre ex Orc in

Heracles
adiung, -ere, -iunx, -iunctum: join to, 2 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 Charn, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 dscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: descend, 4 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: take out, receive 9 facults, -ttis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 imperium, -i n.: power to command, rule, 2 imper (1): order, command, 12 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 Lacnia, -ae f.: Laconia, Sparta, 1 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 licet, -re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 merg, mergere, mers, mersum: to sink, 3 minae, -rum f.: threads, 1 Minerva, -ae f.: Minerva, 4 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14

53

nec: and not, nor, 10 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 oner (1): to load, burden, 2 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 perdc, -ere, -x, -ctum: lead through, 4 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 Plt, Pltnis m.: Pluto, 6 polliceor, -cr, -citus: promise, proffer, 2 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 prehend, -ere, -hend, -hnsum: seize, 5 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 rpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4 sdes, sdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2 slus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 Taenarus, - m.: Taenarus, 1 terre, -re, -u, territum: to terrify, scare, 5 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 lterior, -ius: farther, 3 vereor, -r, -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5

3 s contulit: carried themselves; i.e. betook himself, pf. confer ingent magnitdine: of; abl. of quality; 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 4 ut: as; ut + indicative 5 E: to there; ibi is there; inde is from there; and e to there qu in loc: in qu loc 6 esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question quod cum: which when; relative 8 e: to him; dat. of compound verb socis: as comrades; predicative 10 trnsret: might cross; impf. subj. trnse in a purpose clause

solvere: to set sail 11 verbtur: impf. dep. vereor nmergertur: thatmight sink; clause of fearing, translate positively 17 hc mod: in this way; abl. manner trnsiit: pf. trnse 18 veniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) 19 petivit ut: asked that; introduces an ind. command licret: it be allowed; impf. 20 excpit: welcomed 21 utredceret: thatlead back; ind. command; impf. subjunctive 22 pollicitus est: promised; pf. dep.

54

Heracles

lcem et ad urbem Eurysthe trxit. E cum vnisset, tantus timor 1 animum Eurysthe occupvit ut ex tri statim refgerit; cum autem paulum s ex timre recpisset, mults cum lacrims obsecrvit Herculem ut mnstrum sine mor in Orcum redceret. Sc contr omnium opninem duodecim ill labrs qus Pythia 5 praecperat intr duodecim anns confect sunt; quae cum ita essent, Herculs servitte tandem libertus magn cum gaudi Thbs rediit. 54. THE CENTAUR NESSUS 10

Poste Herculs multa alia praeclara perfcit, quae nunc perscribere longum est. Tandem iam aette prvectus Dianram, Oene fliam, in matrimnium dxit; post tamen trs anns accidit ut puerum quendam, cui nmen erat Eunomus, cs occderit. Cum autem ms esset, ut s quis hominem cs occdisset, in exsilium 15 ret, Herculs cum uxre sua fnibus eius civittis exre matrvit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flmen quoddam pervnrunt in qu nllus pns erat; et dum quaerunt qunam mod flmen trnseant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, qu vitribus auxilium obtulit. Herculs igitur uxrem suam in tergum Ness impsuit; tum ipse flmen 20 trnvit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam prgressus ad rpam subit revertbtur et Deanram auferre conbtur. Quod cum animadvertisset Herculs, ira graviter commtus arcum intendit et pectus Ness sagitt trnsfxit.

Heracles
accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 accurr, -ere, -cucurr, -cursum: to run to, 2 aets, aettis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 animadvert, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 arcus, -s m.; bow, 4 atrium, atri n.: atrium, 3 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 cvits. cvittis f.: citizenship, state, 1 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 Dianra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 duodecim: twelve, 6 Eunomus, - m.: Eunomus, 1 exe, -re, -i, -itus: go out, 5 exsilium, -i n.: exile, 2 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7 intend, -ere, -nd, -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 intr: within, among (+ acc.), 4 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 iret lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 liber (1): to set free, release, 6 longus, -a, -um: long, 4 lx, lcis m.: light, 6 matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 Nessus, - m.: Nessus, 7 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 nunc: now, at present, 4

55

obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 Oeneus, - m.: Oeneus, 1 offer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: offer, present 5 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3 perfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: accomplish, 3 perscrb, -ere, -scrps, scrptum: write through, 3 pns, pontis m.: bridge, 2 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 praeclrus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2 proveh, -ere, -vex, -vectum: carry forth, 3 Pthia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 quonam recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: accept, take back, 8 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 refugi, -ere, -fg: flee back, 5 revert, -ere, revers: turn back, return, 2 rpa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 servi, -re, -v, -tum: to be slave to, serve, 1 sc: thus, in this way, 2 tergum, - n.: back, 8 Thbae, -rum f.: Thebes, 4 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 trn (1): to swim across,1 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 trnsfg, -fgere, -fx, -fxum: pierce through, transfix, 4 trs, tria: three, 9 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 vitor, -tris m.: traveler, 1

1 E: to there 2 utrefgerit: that; result; pf. subj. 3 paulum: a little; adverbial acc. s recpisset: had retreated; idiom 4 utredceret: ind. command 6 praecperat: had instructed quae cum...: Since these things were so 7 servitte: from; abl. of separation 8 Thbs: to Thebes; place to which, ad is missing for towns and cities rediit: pf. red-e

11 praeclara: famous (things); neuter pl. 12 aette prvectus: having advanced in age; abl. of respect; PPP prvehor trs anns: for; acc. of duration 13 accidit ut: it happened that; noun result clause with pf. subjunctive 14 cui: to whom was; dat. possession 15 s quis: if anyone had killed, he went 18 qunamtrnseant: in what way...?; ind. question, pres. subj. trns-e 22 Quod: this; Eng. prefers the demon.

56 55. THE POISONED ROBE

Heracles 1

Nessus igitur sagitt Herculis trnsfxus morins hum iacbat; at n occsinem su ulcscend dmitteret, ita loctus est: T, Deanra, verba morientis aud. S amrem marit tu cnservre vs, hunc sanguinem, qu nunc pectore me effunditur, sume ac 5 repne; tum, s umquam in suspicinem tibi vnerit, vestem marit hc sanguine inficis. Haec loctus, Nessus animam efflvit; Deanra autem nihil mal suspicta imperta fcit. Paul post Herculs bellum contr Eurytum, rgem Oechaliae, suscpit; et cum rgem ipsum cum flis interfcisset, Ioln eius fliam 10 captvam scum redxit. Antequam tamen domum vnit, nvem ad Cnaeum promuntrium appulit, et in terram gressus ram cnstituit, ut Iov sacrificret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum msit, qu vestem albam rferret; ms enim erat apud antqus, dum sacrificia facerent, albam 15 vestem gerere. At Deanra verita n Herculs amrem erg Ioln habret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Ness infcit. 56. THE DEATH OF HERCULES Herculs nihil mal suspicans vestem quam Lichs attulerat statim 20 induit; paul post tamen dolrem per omnia membra snsit, et quae causa esset eius re magnopere mirbtur. Dolre paene exanimtus, vestem dtrhere cntus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque ll mod abscind potuit. Tum dmum Herculs, quasi furre impulsus, in montem Octam s contulit, et in rogum, 25

Heracles
abscind, -ere, -scid, -scissum: tear off, 1 ac: and, and also, 14 affer, -ferre, attul, alltum: carry to bring 5 albus, -a, -um: white, 2 amor, -ris m.: love, desire, passion, 3 anima, -ae f.: breath, soul, life, 1 antequam: before, 9 antquus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 ra, -ae f.: altar, 2 bellum, -, n.: war, 6 captvus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 Cnaeum, - n.: Cenaeum ( n Euboea), 1 comes, -it is m. f.: companion, 3 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 conserv (1): preserve, keep, 1 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 Dianra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 dmum: at length, finally, 3 dtrah, -ere, -ax, -actum: draw away/off, 2 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 effl (1): breath out, 1 effund, -ere, -fd, -fsum: pour out, 1 erg: toward, for (+ acc.), 1 Eurytus, - m.: Eurytus, 1 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 furor, -ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 haere, -re, haes, haesrum: stick, cling, 3 hum: on the ground, 2 iace, -re, -u: to lie, lie low, 3 impell, ere, -pul, -pulsum: drive on, incite3 imper (1): order, command, 12 indu, -ere, indu, indtum: put on, 8 infici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 Iol, -s f.: Iole, 2 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 Lichs, -ae m.: Lichas, 3 loquor, loqu, loctus sum: speak, address, 9

57

malus, -a, -um: bad, 3 maritus, - m.: husband, 3 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 morior, mor, mortuus sum: to die, 4 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 Nessus, - m.: Nessus, 7 nihil: nothing, 14 numquam: never, at no time, 4 nunc: now, at present, 4 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 Octam Oechalia, -ae f.: Oechalia, 1 paene: almost, nearly, 8 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3 priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2 promunturium, -i n.: promontory, 1 quasi: as if, 4 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 repon, -ere, -posu, -positum: put back, 2 rogus, - m.: pyre, 2 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 sacrific (1): to sacrifice, 1 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 sum, sumere, sumps, sumptum: to take, 3 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 suspici, -inis f.: suspicion, look askance, 1 suspic, -re, -v, -tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 trnsfg, -fgere, -fx, -fxum: pierce, 4 tu: you, 10 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3 ulcscor, ulcsc, ultus sum: to avenge, 2 llus, -a, -um: any, 3 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 vereor, -r, -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12

2 morins: dying; pres. pple. morior hum: to Thebes; place to which, iacbat: impf. iace, iacre 3 ndmitteret: so thatnot; neg. purpose clause, impf. su ulcscend: of avenging themselves; noun + gerundive: employ a gerundivegerund flip: translate as gerund + obj. 4 aud: sg. imperative, audi

5 vs: 2nd sg. vol, velle sume, repne: sg. imperatives 6 vnerit, inficis: ifcomes, you will infect; fut.-more-vivid (fut. pf., fut.) 8 nihil mal: nothing (of) bad; partitive paul: a little; abl. degree of difference 14 domum: to home; place to which rferret: would bring; rel. of purpose 16 verita n: fearing lest; fearing clause

58

Argonauts

quem summ celeritte exstruxit, s impsuit. Hoc cum fcisset, 1 es qu circumstbant rvit ut rogum quam celerrim succenderent. Omns di recusbant; tandem tamen pstor qudam, ad misericordiam inductus, ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fm obscurantur, Herculs, dns nbe veltus Iove, in Olympum 5 abreptus est. 57. THE WICKED UNCLE Erant lim in Thessali duo frtrs, qurum alter Aesn, Pelis alter appellbtur. Aesn prm rgnum obtinuerat; at post paucs 10 anns Pelis, rgn cupiditte adductus, nn mod frtrem suum expulit, sed etiam in anim habbat Isonem, Aesnis flium, interficere. Qudam tamen ex amcs Aesnis, ubi sententiam Peliae cognvrunt, puerum tant percul ripere cnstituerunt. Noct igitur Isonem ex urbe abstulrunt, et cum poster di ad 15 rgem rediissent, e renuntivrunt puerum mortuum esse. Pelis cum hoc audvisset, ets r vr magnum gaudium percipibat, speciem tamen dolris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesvit. Ill autem cum bene intellegerent dolrem eius falsum 20 esse, nesci quam fbulam d morte puer fnxrunt. 58. A FATEFUL ACCIDENT Post breve tempus Pelis, veritus n regnum suum tant v et fraude occuptum mitteret, amcum quendam Delphs msit, qu rculum cnsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrim Delphs s contulit 25 et quam ob causam vnisset demnstrvit. Respondit rculum

Argonauts
abripi, -ere, -ripu, -reptum: snatch away 2 addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 Aesn, -nis m.: Aeson, father of Jason, 4 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 amcus, - m.: friend, 6 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: lose, let go, 8 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 bene: well, 5 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 circumst, -re, -stet: stand around, 1 consul, consulere, -lu, -ltum: to consult, 3 cupidits, -ttis f.: desire, passion, 5 Delph, -rum m.: Delphi, oracle of Apollo, 2 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 densus, -a, -um: thick, 2 di: a long time, long, 13 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 ripi, -ere, -u, reptus: tear from, rescue, 2 ets: even if, although, though, 13 expell, -ere, -pul, -pulsum: drive out, 3 exstru, -ere, -ux, -ctum: build, heap up, 1 fabula, -ae f.: story, 1 fall, -ere, fefell, falsum: deceive, 3 flius, -i m.: son, 10 fing, -ere, finx, fictum: make up, imagine, 1 frter, -tris m.: brother, 5 fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 fmus, - m.: smoke, 2 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7

59

indc, -ere, -x, -ctum: induce, lead in, 2 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 misericordia, -ae f.: pity, compassion, 1 morior, mor, mortuus sum: to die, 4 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 nesci, -re, -scv, -sctum: not know, 4 noct: at night, by night, 2 nbs, -is f.: cloud, 1 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 obscr (1): hide, conceal, 1 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 lim: once, formerly, 10 Olympus, - m.: Olympus, 1 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 pastor, pastoris m.: shepherd, 2 Pelis, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 percipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: feel perceive 5 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 recs (1): refuse, give a reason against, 1 renunti, (1): report, announce, 2 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 rogus, - m.: pyre, 2 sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2 subd, -ere, -did, -ditum: put under, apply, 1 succend, -ere, -cend, -censum: kindle, 1 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 vel (1): to veil, cover, 1 vereor, -r, -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 verus, -a, -um: true, real, 2

1 summ celeritte: with; abl. manner 2 es qu: those who; demonstrative ut..succenderent: that..; ind. command quam celerrim: as fast as possible 9 Erant: there were; impf. alteralter: onethe other; apply the verb appellbtur to both 10 prm: first; adverb 11 regn: for the kingdom; objective gen. adductus: drawn; i.e. attracted, PPP nn modetiam: not onlybut also 12 in anim habbat: had in mind 15 abstulrunt: pf. aufer cumrediissent: when; plpf. rede poster di: on;abl. of time when 16 e: dat. sg. indirect object, is, ea, id

17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26

puerumesse: that; ind. discourse, translate pres. inf. of sum as imperfect cumaudvisset: plpf. subj. audi, translate as you would plpf. indicative r vr: in true fact; abl. of respect quae causa esset mortis: what was; indirect question with impf. subj. sum dolremesse: that; see 16 above nesci quam: some; I-do-not-knowwhat, indefinite modifying fbulam veritus n: having feared that; PPP, fearing clause translates positively v: with force; irreg. abl. sg. means vs Delphs: To Delph; place to which cnsuleret: would consult; purpose vnisset: plpf. subj., ind. question

60

Argonauts

nllum esse in praesenti perculum; monuit tamen Peliam ut s 1 quis num calceum gerens venret, eum cavret. Post paucs anns accidit ut Pelis magnum sacrificium factrus esset; nuntis in omns parts dmserat et certam diem conveniend dxerat. Di constitt magnus hominum numerus undique ex agrs convnit; in 5 hs autem vnit etiam Ison, qu pueriti apud centaurum quendam habitverat. Dum tamen iter facit, num calces in trnseund nesci qu flmine msit. 59. THE GOLDEN FLEECE 10

Isn igitur cum calceum missum nll mod recipere posset, n pede nd in rgiam pervnit. Quem cum Pelis vdisset, subit timre affectus est; intellxit enim hunc esse hominem quem rculum demonstrvisset. Hoc igitur cnsilium iniit. Rx erat qudam Aets, qu regnum Colchidis ill tempore obtinbat. Huic 15 commissum erat illud vellus aureum quod Phrixus lim ibi relquerat. Cnstituit igitur Pelis Ison negtium dare ut hc vellere potrtur; cum enim rs esset magn percul, eum in itinere pertrum esse sprbat. Isonem igitur ad s arcessvit, et eum cohorttus quid fier vellet docuit. Ille ets intellegbat rem esse 20 difficillimam, negtium libenter suscpit. 60. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO Cum tamen Colchis multrum dirum iter ab e loc abesset, slus Isn proficisc nluit. Dmsit igitur nuntis in omns parts, qu 25 causam itineris docrent et diem certam conveniend dcerent.

Argonauts
absum, -esse, fu: to be away, be absent, 7 accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: lose, let go, 8 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 arcess, -ere, -v, -itum: summon, invite, 2 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 calceus, - m.: shoe, 3 cave, -re, cv, cautum: be on guard, 1 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 cohortor, -hortr, -horttus: encourage, 2 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 ets: even if, although, though, 13 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 ine, -re, -, -itum: go into, enter, 4 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 mone, -re, -u, monitum: to warn, 1 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13

61

nesci, -re, -scv, -sctum: not know, 4 nl, nlle, nlu: notwish, be unwilling 12 ndus, -a, -um: naked, bare, 1 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 lim: once, formerly, 10 rculum, - n.: oracle, 11 Pelis, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 pere, -perre, peri, peritrum: to perish, 1 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 Phrixus m.: Phrixus, 1 potior, -r, pottus sum: get possession of, 1 praesentia, -ae f.: the present, 1 pueritia, -ae, f.: childhood, 1 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: take back, 8 rgia, -ae f.: palace, 4 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 slus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 spr (1): hope (for), expect, 5 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 trnse, -re, -i (v), itus: pass (by), 10 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12

1 nllumperculum: that; ind. disc. utcavret: that he beware of; ind. command, impf. subj. in secondary seq. s quis: if anyone; quis is indefinite before s, nisi, num, and n 2 Post paucs anns: a few years later; later by a few years, abl. of degree of difference 3 accidit ut: it happened that; as often, accidit introduces a noun result clause factrus esset: was going to make; i.e. would make fut. periphrastic (fut. pple + sum), here an impf. subj. sum 4 parts: directions diemdxerat: had appointed a day conveniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) Di constit: on; abl. of time when 5 hominum: partitive genitive 8 trnseund: in crossing some river; gerundive of trnse modifies flmine; employ a gerund- gerundive flip and translate as a gerund (-ing) with object

nesci qu: some; I-do-not-know-what 11 cumposset: when; impf. subj. possum, translate as impf. indicative nll mod: in no way; abl. manner nnd: abl. absolute, add being 12 quem cum: whom when 13 hunc esse: that; ind. disc. 14 demonstrvisset: plpf. subj. in a relative clause of characteristic 15 ill tempore: at; abl. of time when Huic: dat. ind. obj. of comissum erat 16 commissum erat: had been entrusted 17 ngtium ut: task, (namely) that 10 potrtur: first; adverb 18 magn percul: of; gen. description 19 pertrum esse: fut. inf. in ind. disc. 20 quid fier: what he wanted to be done; ind. question, impf. subj. vol 21 difficillimam: superlative, acc. pred. 24 iter: journey of many days; acc. extent 26 dcerent: who would appoint; relative clause of purpose, cf. line 4

62

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Intere, postquam omnia quae sunt su ad armands nvs 1 comportr iussit, negtium dedit Arg cuidam, qu summam scientiam nauticrum rrum habbat, ut nvem aedificret. In hs rbus circiter decem dis consumpt sunt; Argus enim, qu oper praeerat, tantam diligentiam adhibbat ut n nocturnum quidem 5 tempus ad labrem intermitteret. Ad multitdinem hominum trnsportandam nvis paul erat ltior quam quibus in nostr mar t consuvimus, et ad vim tempesttum perferendam tta rbore facta est. 10 61. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED Intere is dis appetbat quem Isn per nuntis dxerat, et ex omnibus reginibus Graeciae mult, qus aut re novits aut sps glriae movbat, undique convenibant. Trditum est autem in hc numer fuisse Herculem, de qu supr multa perscrpsimus, 15 Orpheum, citharoedum praeclrissimum, Theseum, Castorem, multsque alis qurum nmina sunt ntissima. Ex hs Isn qus arbitrtus est ad omnia percula subeunda partissims esse, es ad numerum quinquginta dlegit et socis sibi adiunxit; tum paucs dis commortus, ut ad omns css subsidia comparret, nvem 20 ddxit, et tempesttem ad nvigandum idneam nactus magn cum plaus omnium solvit. 62. A FATAL MISTAKE Haud mult post Argonautae (ita enim appellbantur qu in ist 25 nv vehbantur) nsulam quandam, nmine Cyzicum, attigrunt; et nv gress rge illus reginis hospiti except sunt. Paucs

Argonauts
adhibe, -re, -u, -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 adiung, -ere, -iunx, -iunctum: join to, 2 aedific (1): make a building, build, 2 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 appet, -ere, -v, -pettum: draw near, 3 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 Arg, -s f.: Argo, 2 Argus, - m.: Argus, builder of the Argo, 1 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 atting, -ere, -tig, -tctum: touch at, reach, 3 aut: or (aut...aut eitheror), 2 Castor, -oris m.: Castor, 1 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 circiter: about, around, 1 citharoedus, - m.: cithara-player, 1 commoror, -r, -tum: delay, linger, tarry, 3 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 comport (1): carry together, collect, 1 consuesc, -ere, -v, -sutum: to accustom, 3 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 Cyzicus, - f.: Cyzicus, 1 decem: ten, 4 dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 dc, -ere, -dx, dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 glria, -ae f.: glory, 1 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 hospitium, n.: hospitality, 5 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 intere: meanwhile, 7 intermitt, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7

63

ltus, -a, -um: wide, broad, 1 move, -re, mv, mtum: move, arouse, 3 multitd, -tdinis f.: multitude, 2 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 nauticus, -a, -um: naval, nautical, 1 navig (1): to sail, 5 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, 1 ntus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3 novits, -ttis f.: newness, novelty, 3 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 Orpheus, - m.: Orpheus, 1 perfer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus: bear, betake, 2 perscrb, -ere, -scrps, scrptum: write through, 3 plausus, -s m.: applause, 1 praeclrus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2 praesum, -esse, -fu: be before, preside over 2 que: and, 14 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 qunqugint: fifty, 1 rbor, rbris n.: oak; strength, 1 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 sube, -re, -i: to undergo, go up (to), 5 subsidium, -i n.: support, relief, protection 1 supr: above, before, 6 Thseus, - m.: Theseus, 1 ttus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14 transport (1): carry over or across, 2 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 sus, ss m.: use, employment, 3 tor, t, sum sum: use, employ, enjoy 2 veh, -ere, vx, vectum: to convey, carry, 5

1 sunt su: are of use; dat. of purpose adnvs: for arming ships; ad + gerundive expresses purpose utaedificret: that; purpose 5 praeerat: was (in charge) over + dat. n nocturnum quidem: not even night utintermittent: that; result clause 6 ad: for; ad + noun expressing purpose ad: for transporting; cf. line 1 7 paul: a little; abl. degree of difference quam: than; follows a comparative adj.

quibus: (those) which; abl. obj. of t 8 t: pres. dep. inf. tor, governs an abl. ad: for enduring; ad + gerundive vim: irreg. acc. sg. of vs 14 Trditum est: it has been reported 18 adsubeunda: for undergoing; cf. 1 21 ad nvigandum: for sailing; gerund nactus: having attained; nancscor 22 solvit: set sail 25 mult: much; abl. degree of difference 27 except sunt: were welcomed

64

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hrs ibi commort ad slis occsum rursus solvrunt; sed 1 postquam pauca mlia passuum progress sunt, tanta tempests subit corta est ut cursum tenre nn possent, et in eandem partem nsulae unde nuper profecti erant magn cum percul dicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscra, Argonauts nn 5 agnscbant, et nvem inimcam vnisse arbitrt arma rapurunt et es gred prohibbant. criter in ltore pugntum est, et rx ipse, qu cum alis dcucurrerat, ab Argonauts occsus est. Mox tamen, cum iam dlucsceret, snsrunt incolae s errre et arma abicrunt; Argonautae autem cum rgem occsum esse vdrent, 10 magnum dolrem percprunt. 63. THE LOSS OF HYLAS Postrdi eius di Isn tempesttem satis idneam esse arbitrtus (summa enim tranquillits iam cnsecta erat), ancors sustulit, et 15 pauca mlia passuum progressus ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucs hrs in ancors exspectvit; nauts enim cognverat aquae cpiam quam scum habrent iam dficere, quam ob causam qudam ex Argonauts in terram gress aquam quaerbant. Hrum in numer erat Hyls qudam, puer form praestantissim. Qu dum 20 fontem quaerit, comitibus paulum scesserat. Nymphae autem quae fontem colbant, cum iuvenem vdissent, e persudre cntae sunt ut scum manret; et cum ille negret s hoc factrum esse, puerum v abstulrunt.

Argonauts
abici, -icere, -i, -itrum: throw away, 1 acriter: sharply, fiercely, 2 agnosc, -ere, -nv, -ntum: to recognize, 4 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 arma, -rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 atting, -ere, -tig, -tctum: touch at, reach, 3 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 col, -ere, colu, cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 comes, -it is m. f.: companion, 3 commoror, -r, -tum: delay, linger, tarry, 3 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 consequor, -, sectus: follow after; pursue, 3 corior, -orr, -ortus sum: to arise, 4 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 curr, -ere, cucurr, cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 dcurr, -ere, -cururr: to run down, 1 dfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: fail, 3 dici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw/cast down 2 dilcsc, -ere, -lx: grow light, 1 err (1): wander, 3 fons, fontis m.: origin, fount, source, 3 forma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 Hyls, -ae m.: Hylas, 2 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 inimcus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2

65

iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 Msia, -ae f.: Mysia, 1 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3 neg (1): to deny, say thatnot, 3 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 nper: recently, lately, not long ago, 2 nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 obscrus, -a, -um: dark, 1 occsus, -s m.: fall, destruction, 4 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 passus, -s: pace, 7 percipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: feel perceive 5 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 postrdi: the day after, the next day, 4 praest, -stre, -stit: stand in front, show, 6 prohibe, -re, -hibu: hold back, hinder, 2 pugn (1): to fight, 4 rapi, -ere, rapu, raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 scd, -ere, scess, scessum: to withdraw 1 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 tranquillits, -ttis f.: calm, tranquility, 2 unde: whence, from which source, 6

1 hrs: for; acc. duration of time solvrunt: they set sail 2 mlia passuum: formiles; acc. extent progress sunt: pf. dep. progredior 3 ut: that; result, impf. possum 5 cumesset: sincewas; impf. subj. sum, causal in sens 6 nvemvnisse: that; ind. disc. with pf. inf. veni, nvem is acc. subj. arbitrt: having thought; dep. PPP 7 gred: from stepping out; to step out dep. inf. gredior pugntum est: they fought; it was fought, impersonal passive better translated in active voice 9 incolae: subject of snsrunt s errre: that; ind. discourse

10 occsum esse: pf. pass. inf. occd in ind. discourse; acc. subject is rgem 11 percprunt: they felt 14 postrdi eius di: the day after that day; abl. time when; gen. tempesttemesse: ind. disc. arbitrtus: having though; dep. PPP 15 sustulit: pf. suf-fer 16 mlia passuum: see note line 2 16 progressus: dep. PPP progredior 17 paucs hras: for; acc. duration 18 cpiamdficere: that; ind. disc. quam ob causam: for which reason 19 Hrum: of these; partitive gen. 20 form: ofbeauty; abl. quality 23 ut..manret: to remain; ind command sfactrum esse: that; fut. inf.

66 64. DIFFICULT DINING

Argonauts 1

Post haec Argonautae ad Thrciam cursum tenurunt, et postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum nvem appulrunt, in terram gress sunt. Ibi cum ab incols quaesissent quis regnum eius reginis obtinret, certirs fact sunt Phineum quendam tum rgem esse. 5 Cognvrunt etiam hunc caecum esse et dr qudam supplici affic, quod lim s crudelissimum in flis sus praebuisset. Cuius supplic hoc erat genus: missa erant Iove mnstra quaedam speci horribil, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum habbant. Hae volucrs, quae Harpyiae appellbantur, Phine summam molestiam 10 adferbant; quotins enim ille accubuerat, venibant et cibum appositum statim auferbant. Qu factum est ut haud multum abesset qun Phineus fam morertur. 65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS 15

Rs igitur male s habbat cum Argonautae nvem appulrunt. Phneus autem simul atque audvit es in sus fns gresss esse, magnopere gvisus est. Scibat enim quantam opninem virttis Argonautae habrent, nec dubitbat qun sibi auxilium ferrent. Nntium igitur ad nvem msit, qu Isonem socisque ad rgiam 20 vocret. E cum vnissent, Phneus demnstrvit quant in percul suae rs essent, et prmsit s magna praemia datrum esse, s ill remedium repperissent. Argonautae negtium libenter suscprunt, et ubi hra vnit, cum rge accuburunt; at simul ac

Argonauts
absum, -esse, fu: to be away, be absent, 7 ac: and, and also, 14 accumb, -ere, accubu,: lie (at dinner), 4 affer, -ferre, attul, alltum: carry to bring 5 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 appn, -ere, -posu, -positum: set before, 3 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 caecus, -a, -um: blind, 2 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 cibus, - m.: food, 5 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 drus, -a, -um: dreadful, 1 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 fams, -is f.: hunger, 3 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 flius, -i m.: son, 10 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 gaude, -re, gvsus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 Harpiae, -rum f.: Harpies, 3 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 male: badly, 1

67

molestia, -ae f.: trouble, annoyance, 1 morior, mor, mortuus sum: to die, 4 nec: and not, nor, 10 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 lim: once, formerly, 10 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 Phneus, - m.: Phineus, 7 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 promitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send forth, 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 quotins: as often as, 2 rgia, -ae f.: palace, 4 remedium, i n.: remedy, cure, 1 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 Salmydessus, - m.: Salmydessus, 1 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 Thrcia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3 virg, virginis f.: maiden, 2 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 voc (1): call, summon, invoke, 2 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3

2 Post haec: after these (things) 4 quisobtinret: who; ind. question 5 certrirs fact sunt: were made more certain; were informed Phineum..esse: that; ind. discourse 6 hunc..affic: that this one; two verb, affic is pass. inf. affici 7 quod: which; neuter sg. subject in: against praebuisset: had shown; governs a double acc.; relative clause of characteristic, praebe (prae-habe) cuius supplic: gen. modifies genus 8 speci horribil: of; abl. quality 9 (et) corpora: and bodies; add et 11 Phine: to; dat. compound verb 12 appositum: having been served;

16 17 18 19 20 22 24

having been set before Qu factummorertur: whereby it happened that it was by no means very far away that Phineus would die from famine male s habbat: was faring poorly; idiom was disposed poorly simul atque: at the same time as gresss esse: pf. dep., es is acc. subj gvisus est: pf. deponent, gaude quantum opninem: how great a reputation; introduces ind. question nec dubitbat qun: he did not doubt that; qun often follows nn dubit qu: relative cl. of characteristic datrum esse: fut. inf. in ind. disc. simul ac: at the same time as

68

Argonauts

cna apposita est, Harpyiae cenculum intrvrunt et cibum auferre 1 cnbantur. Argonautae prmum gladis volucrs petirunt; cum tamen vidrent hoc nihil prdesse, Zts et Calais, qu als erant instruct, in ra s sublevvrunt, ut dsuper impetum facerent. Quod cum snsissent Harpyiae, re novitte perterritae statim 5 aufgrunt, neque poste umquam redirunt. 66. THE SYMPLEGADES Hc fact Phneus, ut pr tant benefici meritam grtiam referret, Ison demnstrvit qu ratine Symplgads vitre posset. Symplgads autem duae erant rps ingent magnitdine, quae Iove positae erant e cnsili, n quis ad Colchida pervenret. Hae parv intervall in mar natbant, et s quid in medium spatium vnerat, incredibil celeritte concurrbant. Postquam igitur Phine doctus est quid faciendum esset, Isn sublts ancors nvem solvit, et ln vent provectus mox ad Symplgads appropinquvit. Tum in pror stns columbam quam in man tenbat msit. Illa recta via per medium spatium volavit, et priusquam rps cnflxrunt, incolumis vsit caud tantum miss. Tum rps utrimque discessrunt; antequam tamen rursus concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegents, omnem spem saltis in celeritte positam esse, summ v rms contendrunt et nvem incolumem perdxrunt. Hc fact ds grtis maxims gerunt, qurum auxili tant percul erept essent; omns enim scibant nn sine auxili derum rem tam flciter vnisse. 10

15

20

25

Argonauts
ar, aris n.: air, 7 la, -ae f.: wing, 2 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: lose, let go, 8 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 antequam: before, 9 appn, -ere, -posu, -positum: set before, 3 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 aufugi, -ere, -fg: flee, run away, 1 bene: well, 5 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 Calais, is m.: Calais, 1 cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 cna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 cenculum, - n.: dining-room, 1 cibus, - m.: food, 5 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 columba, -ae f.: pigeon, dove, 1 concurr, -ere, -curr, -cursus: run together 4 conflg, -ere, -flx, -flctum: dash together 1 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 dsuper: from above, 2 discd, -ere, -ss, -ssum: go away, depart, 4 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send out, 2 ripi, -ere, -u, reptus: tear from, rescue, 2 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 fliciter: happily, fortunately, 3 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 Harpiae, -rum f.: Harpies, 3 impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 incrdibilis, -e: incredible, 2 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 intervallum, - n.: interval, distance, 2 intr (1): go into, enter, 7

69

Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 lnis, lne: gentle, 1 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 nat (1): to swim, float, 1 nihil: nothing, 14 novits, -ttis f.: newness, novelty, 3 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 perdc, -ere, -x, -ctum: lead through, 4 perterre, -re: frighten, terrify, 5 Phneus, - m.: Phineus, 7 pon, ponere, posu, positum: to place, put, 5 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 prra, -ae f.: prow, bow, 1 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 proveh, -ere, -vex, -vectum: carry forth, 3 rati, -nis f.: plan, method, means, reason, 2 rectus, -a, -um: direct, straight, 2 rmus, - m.: oar, 4 rps, rpis f.: rock, cliff, 6 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 st (1): to stand, 8 sublev (1): life up, raise, 1 Symplgads, -um f.: Symplegades, 3 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 umquam: ever, 5 utrimque: on both sides, from both sides, 1 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4 vt (1): to avoid, 2 vol (1): to fly, 3 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3 Zts, -ae m.: Zetes, 1

3 hoc...prdesse: that this does no good erant instruct: had been equipped 4 ut: so that; purpose 5 novitte: by the novelty of the affair 6 redirunt: pf. red-e 9 Hc fact: ablative abs. (noun + PPP) 8 speci horribil: of; abl. quality

10 11 12 13 15 19 23

qu ratine: by what method magnitdine: of; abl. quality e cnsili: with this purpose, so that parv intervall: at a small interval faciendum esset: had to be done caud: with only the tale lost; abl. abs. grunt: gave thanks; grtis ag

70 67. A HEAVY TASK

Argonauts 1

Brev intermiss spati Argonautae ad flmen Phasim vnrunt, quod in fnibus Colchrum erat. Ibi cum nvem appulissent et in terram gress essent, statim ad rgem Aetem s contulrunt et ab e postulvrunt ut vellus aureum sibi trderetur. Ille cum 5 audvisset quam ob causam Argonautae vnissent, r commtus est et di negbat s vellus trditrum esse. Tandem tamen, quod scibat Isonem nn sine auxili derum hoc negtium suscpisse, mutt sententi promsit s vellus traditrum, s Isn labrs dus difficillims prius perfcisset; et cum Isn dxisset s ad 10 omnia percula subeunda partum esse, quid fier vellet ostendit. Prmum iungend erant duo taur speci horribil, qu flamms ex re debant; tum hs iuncts ager qudam arandus erat et dents dracnis serend. Hs audits Isn ets rem esse summ percul intellegbat, tamen, n hanc occsinem re bene gerendae 15 mitteret, negtium suscpit. 68. THE MAGIC OINTMENT Medea, regis flia, Isonem adamvit, et ubi audvit eum tantum perculum subitrum esse, rem aegr ferbat. Intellegbat enim 20 patrem suum hunc labrem propsuisse e ips consili, ut Isn morertur. Quae cum ita essent, Medea, quae summam scientiam medicnae habbat, hoc cnsilium iniit. Media nocte, insciente ptre, ex urbe vsit, et postquam in monts fnitims vnit, herbs

Argonauts
adam, -re, -v, -tum: fall in love, love, 1 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 aegr: with difficulty, wearily, 4 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: lose, let go, 8 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 ar, arre, -v: plow, 4 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 bene: well, 5 Colch, -rum m.: Colchians, 3 dns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 di: a long time, long, 13 drac, -nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 edebant ets: even if, although, though, 13 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fnitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, love, 1 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 ine, -re, -, -itum: go into, enter, 4 inscins, -scientis: unknowing, 2 intermitt, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 ra, rae f.: anger, 12

71

iung, -ere, iunx, -iunctum: to join, 3 medicna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 morior, mor, mortuus sum: to die, 4 mt (1): to change, 1 neg (1): to deny, say thatnot, 3 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 ostend (1): show, display, 6 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 perfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: accomplish, 3 Phsis, Phsidis m.: Phasis, 1 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 prius: before, 3 promitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send forth, 3 propn, -ere, -su, -situm: put or set forth, 4 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2 ser, serere, sv, satum: to sow, plant, 1 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 sube, -re, -i: to undergo, go up (to), 5 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12

2 Brevspati: abl. absolute 4 gress essent: plpf. subj. cum-clause s contulrunt: carried themselves; pf. 5 uttrdertur: that; ind. command 6 quam ob causam: for what reason vnissent: plpf. subj., ind. question 8 trditrum esse: would hand over; fut. inf., s is acc. subject 9 mutt sententi: having changes his opinion; opinion changed, abl. abs. trditrum (esse): would hand over; fut. inf., s is acc. subject 10 difficillims: superlative, difficilis perfcisset: plpf. subj. perfici adsubeunda: for undergoing; ad + gerundive, employ gerundivegerund flip: translate as gerund (-ing) and direct object; expresses purpose

11 partum esse: pf. pass. inf., ind. disc. quidvellet: what he wished to be done; impf. subj. vol, ind. question 12 prmum: first; adverb iungend erant: had to be joined; were goint to be joined, passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) expresses obligation or necessity 13 hs iuncts: ablative abs. arandus erat: see line 12 serend (erant): see line 12 14 hs audts: ablative abs. rem esse: that; ind. discourse summ percul: of; gen. description 15 nmitteret: neg. purpose gerendae: of carrying out this matter 20 subitrum esse: fut. inf. sub-e 22 quae cum: since these things were so

72

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qusdam carpsit; tum sc express unguentum parvit quod v su 1 corpus aleret nervsque confirmret. Hc fact Ison unguentum dedit; praecpit autem ut e di qu ist labrs conficiend essent corpus suum et arma mn oblineret. Iason ets paene omnibus hominibus magnitdine et vribus corporis antecellbat (vta enim 5 omnis in ventinibus atque in studi re militris cnsumbatur), tamen hoc cnsilium nn neglegendum esse censbat. 69. THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH Ubi is dis vnit quem rx ad arandum agrum dxerat, Isn ort 10 lce cum socis ad locum constittum s contulit. Ibi stabulum ingns repperit, in qu taur erant inclus; tum ports aperts taurs in lcem trxit, et summ cum difficultte iugum impsuit. At Aetes cum vidret taurs nihil contr Isonem valre, magnopere mirtus est; nescibat enim fliam suam auxilium e dedisse. Tum 15 Isn omnibus aspicientibus agrum arre coepit, qu in r tantam diligentiam praebuit ut ante meridiem ttum opus confcerit. Hc fact ad locum ubi rx sdbat adiit et dents dracnis postulvit; qu ubi accpit, in agrum quem arverat magn cum dligenti sparsit. Hrum autem dentium natra erat tlis ut in e loc ubi 20 sments factae essent vir armt mr qudam mod ggnerentur.

Argonauts
ade, -re, -i(v): go to, approach, 4 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 al, -ere, alu, alitus: support, feed, nourish, 1 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 antecell, -ere: surpass, excel, 1 aperi, -re, -u, -ertus: open, disclose, 3 arma, -rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 ar, arre, -v: plow, 4 aspici, -ere, -spx, -spectum: look at, 1 carp, -ere, -s, -tum: pluck, seize, 1 cense, -re: to think, 2 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 dns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 drac, -nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 dc, -ere, -dx, dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 ets: even if, although, though, 13 exprim, -ere, -press, -pressum: press out, 1 ggn, -ere, genu, genitum: bear, produce, 3 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 iugum, - n.: yoke, 1 lx, lcis m.: light, 6 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 mn: in the morning, 1 merds, - m.: midday, noon; south, 2

73

mlitris, -e: military, warlike, 3 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 negleg, ere, -lx, neglctum: to neglect, 1 nervus, - m.: sinew, muscle, 1 nesci, -re, -scv, -sctum: not know, 4 nihil: nothing, 14 oblin, -ere, -lv, -litum: daub over, smear, 1 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 orior, orr, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 paene: almost, nearly, 8 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 que: and, 14 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 sede, -re, sd, sessum: to sit, 6 smentis, -is: seeding, sowing, 1 sparg, -ere, spars, sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 studium, - n.: zeal, desire, pursuit, 1 scus, - m.: juice, sap, moisture, 1 tlis, -e: such, 6 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 trah, -ere, trx, tractum: to draw, drag, 6 unguentum, - m.: ointment, 3 vale, -re, u: be strong, fare well, be able, 5 venti, -tinis f.: hunting, 1 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 sc express: abl. absolute quod: which; impf. subj., relative clause of characteristic v su: by its own power; abl. means 2 Hc fact: abl. absolute 3 praecpit: instructed; + ind. command e di qu (di): on this day on which; two abl. time when constructions conficiend essent: had to be; were going to be completed the passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) suggests obligation or necessity; here impf. subj. 4 omnibus hominibus: dat. of compound 5 magnitdine et vribus: in; abl of respect 6 re militris: of military affairs

7 neglegendum esse: see line 3: passive periphrastic in ind. disc.; cnsilium is acc. subject, all governed by censbat 10 ad arandum agrum: for plowing; employ a gerundive-gerund flip and translate this gerundive as a gerund dxerat: has appointed ort lce: abl. abs.; orior 12 port aperts: abl. absolute; aperi 15 dedisse: thathad given; e is ind. obj 16 omnibus aspicientibus: abl. abs. 17 utconfcerit: that; result, pf subj. Hoc fact: abl. abs. 20 Hrum denitum: nature of these teeth tlis ut: such that; result, impf subj. 21 mr mod: in a certain amazing way

74 70. A STRANGE CROP

Argonauts 1

Nndum tamen Isn ttum opus confcerat; imperverat enim e Aetes ut armts virs qu dentibus ggnerentur slus interficeret. Postquam igitur omns dents in agrum sparsit, Isn lassitudine exanimtus quiet s trdidit, dum vir ist ggnerentur. 5 Paucs hors dormibat, sub vesperum tamen somn subit excittus rem ita vnisse ut praedictum esset cognvit; nam in omnibus agr partibus vir ingent magnitdine corporis gladis galesque armt mrum in modum terr oribantur. Hc cognit Isn cnsilium quod dedisset Medea nn mittendum esse 10 putbat. Saxum igitur ingns (ita enim Medea praecperat) in medis virs conicit. Ill undique ad locum concurrrunt, et cum quisque sibi id saxum habre vellet, magna contrversia orta est. Mox stricts gladis inter s pugnre coeprunt, et cum hc mod plurim occs essent, reliqu vulneribus confect Isone nll 15 negti interfect sunt. 71. THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA Rx Aets ubi Isonem labrem prpositum confcisse cognvit, r graviter commtus est; id enim per dolum factum esse 20 intellegbat; nec dubitbat qun Medea e auxilium tulisset. Medea autem cum intellegeret s in magn fore percul s in rgi manret, fuga saltem petere constituit. Omnibus rbus igitur ad fugam parts medi nocte, insciente ptre, cum frtre Absyrt vsit, et quam celerrim ad locum ubi Arg subducta erat s 25

Argonauts
Absyrtus, - m.: Absyrtus, Medeas brother, 2 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 Arg, -s f.: Argo, 2 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 concurr, -ere, -curr, -cursus: run together 4 contrversia, -ae f.: dispute, controversy, 2 cr: why, 1 dns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 frter, -tris m.: brother, 5 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 galea, -ae f.: helmet, 3 ggn, -ere, genu, genitum: bear, produce, 3 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 imper (1): order, command, 12 inscins, -scientis: unknowing, 2 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 lassitd, -inis f.: weariness, 2 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7

75

nam: for, 6 nec: and not, nor, 10 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nesci, -re, -scv, -sctum: not know, 4 nondum: not yet, 4 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 orior, orr, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 plrimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 praedc, -ere, -dx, -dictum: sto predict, 1 propn, -ere, -su, -situm: put or set forth, 4 pugn (1): to fight, 4 put (1): to think, consider, 2 que: and, 14 quis, quitis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3 rgia, -ae f.: palace, 4 slus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 sparg, -ere, spars, sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 string, -ere, strinx, strictum: to draw out, 3 sub: under, 4 subdc, -ere, -dx, -ductum: draw up, 2 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6

2 imperverat: had ordered (dat) that; governs an ind. command 5 quiet s trdidit: gave himself to rest 6 paucs hrs: for; acc.of duration sub: near 7 itautesset: thus as it had been predicted; ut + indicative in direct disc., subordinate verbs in ind. disc. become subjunctive vnisse: had turned out; pf. inf. veni 8 ingent agnitdine: of; abl. quality 9 mrum in modum: in an amazing way Hc cognit: abl. abs. 10 quod dedisset: which; relative clause of characteristic, plpf. subj

10 mittendum esse: had to be: was going to be omitted pass. periphrastic in ind. disc.; cnsilium is acc. subject, 13 id saxum: this rock; demon. adj. vellet: wanted; impf. vol, (inf. velle) orta est: pf. deponent, orior 14 stricts gladis: abl. abs. 15 plurim: very many (men); nom. subj. nll negti: with no effort; manner 21 nec dubitbat qun: he did not doubt that; qun often follows nn dubit 20 tulisset: plpf. subj. fer 22 fore: would be; ~futrum esse, fut. inf. 23 omnibusparts: abl. abs. 23 insciente ptre: abl. abs., pres. pple

76

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contulit. E cum vnisset, ad peds Isonis s proicit, et mults 1 cum lacrims eum obsecrvit n in tant discrmine mulierem dsereret quae e tantum prfuisset. Ille quod memori tenbat s per eius auxilium magn pericul vsisse, libenter eam excpit, et postquam causam veniend audvit, horttus est n patris ram 5 timret. Prmsit autem s quam prmum eam in nv su vectrum. 72. THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE Postrdi eius di Isn cum socis sus ort lce nvem ddxit, et tempesttem idneam nact ad eum locum rms contendrunt, qu in loc Medea vellus cltum esse dmnstrbat. Cum e vnissent, Isn in terram gressus est, et socis ad mare relicts, qu praesidi nv essent, ipse cum Md in silvs s contulit. Pauca milia passuum per silvam progressus, vellus quod quaerbat ex arbore suspnsum vdit. Id tamen auferre erat summae difficulttis; nn mod enim locus ipse egregi et ntr et arte erat muntus, sed etiam drac qudam speci terribil arborem custdibat. Tum Mda, quae, ut supr dmnstrvimus, medicnae summam scientiam habuit, rmum quem de arbore proxim dripuerat venno infcit. Hc fact ad locum appropinquvit, et dracnem, qu, faucibus aperts, eius adventum exspectbat, venn sparsit; deinde, dum drac somn oppressus dormit, Isn vellus aureum de arbore dripuit et cum Md quam celerrim pedem rettulit. 10

15

20

25

Argonauts
adveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: approach, 1 aperi, -re, -u, -ertus: open, disclose, 3 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 arbor, -is f.: tree, 5 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 veh, -ere, -vex, -vectum: carry away, 1 cl (1): hide, conceal, 5 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 custodi, -re, -v, -tum: to guard, 4 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 dripi, -ere, dripu, -reptum: tear away, 2 dser, -ere, -u, -sertum: to desert, 2 difficults, -ttis f.: difficulty, 7 discrmen, -crminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 drac, -nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 gregi: excellently, 1 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 faucs, -ium f.: throat, 2 hortor, -r, -tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 infici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 lx, lcis m.: light, 6 medicna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4

77

mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 muni, -re, -v, -tum: to fortify, build, 2 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 opprim, -ere, -press: to overpower 5 orior, orr, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 passus, -s: pace, 7 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 postrdi: the day after, the next day, 4 praesidium, -i n.: protection, guard, 3 proici, -icere, -ic, -iectum: throw forth, 4 promitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send forth, 3 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 rmus, - m.: branch, 1 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 rmus, - m.: oar, 4 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 sparg, -ere, spars, sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 supr: above, before, 6 suspend, -ere, -pend, -pensum: hang up, 1 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 time, -re, -u: fear, dread, 6 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 vennum, - n.: poison, 7

1 s contulit: carried himself; pf. confer E: (to) there; adverb 2 ndsereret: not to desert; that he not desert neg. ind. command 3 e tantum prfuisset: had been so good to him; had been so much profit to him, dat. interest, inner acc.; plpf. subj. prsum, relative of characteristic svsisse: that; with tenbat 4 excpit: welcomed; pf. excipi 5 veniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) horttus est: urged (her); dep. hortor ntimret: not to fear; that she not fear, negative ind. command 6 svectrum (esse): thatwould carry away; fut. inf. (add esse)

quam prmum: as soon as possible 10 postrdi eius di: the day after that day; abl. time when; gen. sg. ort lce: abl. abs. 11 nact: having attained; pple nancscor contendrunt: hastened 12 e: to there; see line 1 socisrelicts: abl. abs. 14 praesidi nv essent: served as guard for the ship; for guard for the ship, double dat. (purpose & interest) 16 idauferre: to carry it off; subject 17 etet: both by nature and by artifice 21 infcit: infected a branch with poison 24 quam celerrim: as fast as possible 25 pedem rettulit: i.e. returned refer

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Argonauts 1

73. THE RETURN TO THE ARGO

Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, qu ad mare relict erant, anxi anim reditum Isonis exspectbant; id enim negtium summ esse pericul intellegbant. Postquam igitur ad occsum slis frustr exspectverunt, de eius salte dsprre coeperunt, nec 5 dubitbant qun aliqu csus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, mtrandum sibi censurunt, ut duc auxilium ferrent; sed dum proficisc parant, lmen quoddam subit conspiciunt mrum in modum intr silvs refulgns, et magnopere mrt quae causa esset eius re ad locum concurrunt. Qu cum vnissent, Ison et Mdae 10 advenientibus occurrrunt, et vellus aureum lminis eius causam esse cognvrunt. Omn timre sublt magn cum gaudi ducem suum excprunt, et ds grtis maxims grunt quod rs tam feliciter vnisset. 15 74. THE PURSUIT Hs rbus gests omns sine mor nvem rrsus conscenderunt, et sublts ancoris prm vigili solvrunt; neque enim satis ttum esse arbitrt sunt in e loc manre. At rx Aets, qu iam ante inimc in es fuerat anim, ubi cognvit fliam suam nn mod ad 20 Argonauts s rcpisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hc dolre gravius exrsit. Nvem longam quam celerrim ddc iussit, et mlitibus imposits fugients insectus est. Argonautae, qu rem in discrmine esse bene scibant, omnibus

Argonauts
accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 adveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: approach, 1 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 aliqu, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 bene: well, 5 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 cense, -re: to think, 2 concurr, -ere, -curr, -cursus: run together 4 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 conspici, -ere, -x, -ectum: catch sight of, 3 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dspr (1): to despair, give up, 4 discrmen, -crminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 exrdsc, -ere, -rs, -rsum: catch fire, 2 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 fliciter: happily, fortunately, 3 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 impon, -ere, -posu, -positus: place on, 7 inimcus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2

79

insequor, -sequ, -sectum: follow upon, 1 intr: within, among (+ acc.), 4 longus, -a, -um: long, 4 lmen, lminis n.: light, 3 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 mls, mlitis m.: soldier, 2 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 nec: and not, nor, 10 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 occsus, -s m.: fall, destruction, 4 occurr, -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: accept, take back, 8 reditus, -s m.: return, 5 refulge, -re, -fuls: flash back, shine, 1 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 tutus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 vigilia, -ae f.: watch, night-watch, 1

1 ea: these (things); neut. pl. demon. ad: near, at 2 anxi anim: with anxious heart; id negtium: this task; acc. subj. 4 summ pericul: of; gen. description 5 nec dubitbat qun: he did not doubt that; qun often follows nn dubit 6 aliqu: some; nom. sg. modifies csus quae cum...: Since these things were so; i.e. as a result, common in Cicero 7 mtrandum (esse) sibi: that he had to hurry; (it is) going to be hurried, passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) with dat. of agent: translate in active duc: to the leader; dat. ind. obj. dux 9 refulgns: pres. pple, modifies lmen

mrt: having wondered; dep. PPP quaeesset: ind. question 10 Qu: to there; to which place Ison, Mdae: dat. compound verb advenientibus: pres. pple, dat. pl. 12 omnsublt: all fear removed; abl. abs., PPP toll 13 grtis grunt: gave thanks quodvnisset: because it had turned out; plpf. subj. of alleged cause 10 Hsgests: abl. abs., PPP ger 20 inimc anim: of; abl. quality 21 s rcpisse: had retreated; idiom ad auferendum: for carrying off 22 gravius: more strongly; comp. adv. 23 mlitibus imposits: abl. abs.

80

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vribus rms contendbant; cum tamen nvis qu vehbantur 1 ingent esset magnitdine, nn edem celeritte qu Colch prgred poterant. Qu factum est ut minimum abesset qun Colchs sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam qu tlum adic posset. At Mda cum vdisset qu in loc rs 5 essent, paene omn sp dposit, infandum hoc cnsilium cpit. 75. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT Erat in nv Argonautrum flius qudam rgis Aetae, nmine Absyrtus, quem, ut supr dmnstrvimus, Mda ex urbe fugins 10 scum abdxerat. Hunc puerum Mda interficere cnstituit e cnsili, ut membrs eius in mare conictis cursum Colchrum impedret; cert enim scibat Aetem, cum membra fl vdisset, nn longius prsecutrum esse. Neque opni Mdam fefellit, omnia enim ita vnrunt ut sprverat. Aets ubi prmum 15 membra vdit, ad ea colligenda nvem tenr iussit. Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae nn intermiss remigand labre mox conspect hostium auferbantur, neque prius fugere dstitrunt quam ad flmen Eridnum pervnrunt. Aetes nihil sibi prfutrum esse arbitrtus s longius prgressus esset, anim 20 dmiss domum revertit, ut fl corpus ad sepultram daret. 76. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS Tandem post multa percula Isn in eundem locum pervnit unde profectus erat. Tum nv gressus ad regem Peliam, qu regnum 25 adhuc obtinbat, statim s contulit, et vellere aure monstrt ab e

Argonauts
abduc, -ere, dx, ductum: to lead away, 1 absum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take away, 1 Absyrtus, - m.: Absyrtus, Medeas brother, 2 adhuc: still, 5 adici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: throw at, hurl, 1 Aets: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 aufer, -ferre, abstul, -ltum: carry away 11 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 celerits, -ttis f.: speed, quickness, 7 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 Colch, -rum m.: Colchians, 3 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 conlig, -ere: gather, tie together, 1 conspectus, -s m.: sight, view, 6 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: to drop, 3 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down, deposit9 dsist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 ridanus, - m.: Eridanus, 1 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 fall, -ere, fefell, falsum: deceive, fail, 3 flius, -i m.: son, 10 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 impedi, -re, -v, -tum: hinder, impede, 1 infandus, -a, -um: unspeakable, 1

81

intermitt, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 intersum, interesse, -fu: be between, 1 long: far, far and wide, 6 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 minimus, -a, -um: very little, 1 monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 3 nihil: nothing, 14 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 opni, -inis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 paene: almost, nearly, 8 Pelis, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 prius: before, 3 prosequor, sequ, -sectum: follow, pursue 1 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 rmig (1): row, 1 rmus, - m.: oar, 4 revert, -ere, revers: turn back, return, 2 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 sepultra, -ae f.: burial, 2 sequor, -, sectus: follow, pursue, attend, 4 spr (1): hope (for), expect, 5 supr: above, before, 6 telum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 unde: whence, from which source, 6 veh, -ere, vx, vectum: to convey, carry, 5 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12

1 vribus: with all their strength; manner contendbant: hastened cum: since qu: abl. means 2 magnitdine: of; abl. quality, pred. of esset, impf. subj. sum celeritte: with; abl. manner qu: with which; abl. manner 3 Qu factummorertur: whereby it happened that it was least away that they would be captured by the pursuing Colchians; cf. p. 67, line 12 Longius intererat quam: for it was no farther between than; comparative 5 qu: (that) in which 6 paene omndposit: abl. abs. cnsilium cpit: adopted a plan 9 nmine: by name; abl. respect

10 ut: as; ut + indicative fugins: pres. pple fugi, -ere 11 e cnsili: with this purpose, (namely) that; precedes purpose cl. 12 membrisconicts: abl. abs. Aetem: acc. subj. of fut. inf. 14 longius: farther; comparative adv. opni: expectation 15 itaut: just as; ut + indicative prmum: first; adverb 16 ad ea colligenda: for gathering them; employ gerund-gerundive flip and translate this gerundive as gerund 17 remigand: gen. gerund (-ing) 18 priusquam: earlier than, before 19 nihil: that it would be no profit for him; inner acc., sibi is dat. of interest 20 anim dmiss: with dejected heart

82

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postulvit ut regnum sibi trderetur; Pelis enim pollicitus erat, s 1 Isn vellus rettulisset, s regnum e traditrum. Postquam Isn quid fier vellet ostendit, Pelis prm nihil respondit, sed di in edem trstiti tacitus permansit; tandem ita loctus est: Vids m aette iam esse cnfectum, neque dubium est qun dis suprmus 5 mihi appropinquet. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vvam, hoc rgnum obtinre; cum autem tandem dcesser, tu mihi succds. Hc oratine adductus Isn respondit s id factrum quod ille rogsset. 77. MAGIC ARTS 10

Hs rbus cognits Mda rem aegr tulit, et rgn cupiditte adducta mortem rg per dolum inferre cnstituit. Hc cnstitut ad flis rgis vnit atque ita locta est: Vidtis ptrem vestrum aette iam esse cnfectum neque ad labrem rgnand perferendum satis valre. Vultisne eum rrsus iuvenem fier? Tum fliae rgis 15 ita respondrunt: Num hoc fier potest? Quis enim umquam sene iuvenis factus est? At Mda respondit: M medicnae summam habre scientiam sctis. Nunc igitur vbs demonstrb qu mod haec rs fier possit. Postquam fnem loquend fcit, arietem aette iam confectum interfcit et membra eius in vse ane 20 posuit, atque ign supposit in aquam herbs qusdam infdit. Tum, dum aqua effervsceret, carmen magicum cantbat. Mox aries vse exsiluit et, vribus refects, per agrs currbat.

Argonauts
addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 aegr: with difficulty, wearily, 4 aneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 aets, aettis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 aris, -ietis m.: ram, battering-ram, 2 cant (1): sing, 1 carmen, carminis n.: song, 2 cupidits, -ttis f.: desire, passion, 5 curr, -ere, cucurr, cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 dcd, -ere, -cess, -cessum: depart; die, 2 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 di: a long time, long, 13 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 effervsc, -ere, -ferbu: to boil up or over, 1 exsili, -re, -silu: leap out or forth, 1 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 infer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus: bring on, wage, 3 infund, -ere, -fd, fsum: pour into, 1 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 licet, -re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 loquor, loqu, loctus sum: speak, address, 9 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 medicna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 ne: introduces a yes/no question, 1 nihil: nothing, 14

83

num: question expecting negative answer, 2 nunc: now, at present, 4 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 rtio, -ionis f.: speaking, speech, language, 2 ostend (1): show, display, 6 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 Pelis, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 perfer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus: bear, betake, 2 permane, -re, -mans: to remain, 1 polliceor, -cr, -citus: promise, proffer, 2 pon, ponere, posu, positum: to place, put, 5 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 refici, -ere, fc, fectum: renew, make new 2 regn (1): to rule, reign, 3 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 rog (1): to ask, 1 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 senex, senis m.: old man, 1 succd, -ere, -cess: to come up, succeed, 1 suppon, -ere, -su, -situm; set beneath, 1 suprmus, -a, -um: highest, last, 1 tace, -re, -u, -itum: be silent, 2 tristitia, -ae f.: sadness, 1 tu: you, 10 umquam: ever, 5 vale, -re, u: be strong, fare well, be able, 5 vs, vsis n.: vessel, 5 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2 vvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4 vs: you, you all, 3

1 ut: that; ind. command 2 rettulisset: ifhad brought back; fut. pf. indicate in future-more-vivid condition made plpf subj in ind. disc. traditrum (esse): fut. inf.; add esse 3 quidvellet: what he wished to be done; impf. subj. vol, ind. question prm: at first; adv. 5 cnfectum (esse): have been exhausted nequequn: there is not doubt that 6 mihi: to me; dat. of compound verb liceat: Let it be allowed; jussive 7 dcesser: I depart (from life); fut. pf.

mihi: me; dat with compound verb 8 factrum (esse): fut. inf. in ind. disc. 10 Hscognits: abl. abs. 11 tulit: pf. fer rgn: for the kingdom; objective gen. modifying cupiditte 12 rg: on the king; dat. compound verb 14 cnfectum (esse): see note, line 5 adperferendum: for completing regnand: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) 15 satis valre: is not strong enough fier: to be made/done; inf. fi 18 qu mod: in what way; ind. quest.

84

Argonauts 1

78. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT

Dum fliae rgis hoc mrculum stupents intuentur, Mda ita locta est: Vidtis quantum valeat medicna. Vs igitur, s vultis ptrem vestrum in adulscentiam reducere, id quod fc ipsae facitis. Vs ptris membra in vs conicite; ego herbs magics 5 praebb. Quod ubi audtum est, fliae rgis cnsilium quod dedisset Mda nn mittendum putvrunt. Ptrem igitur Peliam necvrunt et membra eius in vs aneum conicrunt; nihil autem dubitbant qun hoc maxim e prfutrum esset. At rs omnn aliter vnit ac sperverant, Mda enim nn esdem herbs dedit 10 quibus ipsa sa erat. Itaque postquam di frustr exspectvrunt, ptrem suum r vr mortuum esse intellxrunt. Hs rbus gests Mda s cum coniuge su rgnum acceptram esse sperbat; sed cvs cum intellegerent qu mod Pelias periisset, tantum scelus aegr tulrunt. Itaque Isone et Md regn expulss, Acastum 15 rgem crevrunt. 79. A FATAL GIFT Isn et Mda Thessali expuls ad urbem Corinthum vnrunt, cuius urbis Cren qudam regnum tum obtinebat. Erat autem 20 Crent flia na, nmine Glauc. Quam cum vdisset, Iason cnstituit Mdae uxr suae nntium mittere e cnsili, ut Glaucen in mtrimnium duceret. At Mda ubi intellxit quae ille in anim habret, r graviter commta ire iurand confirmvit s tantam iniriam ultram. Hoc igitur cnsilium cpit. Vestem 25

Argonauts
Acastus, - m.: Acastus, 1 adulescentia, -ae f.: youth, 1 aegr: with difficulty, wearily, 4 aneus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 cvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 coninx, -iugis m/f: husband, wife, spouse, 1 Corinthus, - m.: Corinth, 1 cre (1): to create, 2 Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 di: a long time, long, 13 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 ego: I, 9 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 expell, -ere, pul, pulsum: drive out, expel 3 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 Glauc, -s f.: Glauce, 4 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 iniria, -ae f.: wrong, insult, injustice, 2 intueor, -tur, -tuitus sum: look upon, 1 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 Itaque: and so, 8 iur (1): to swear, 2 is, iris n.: justice, law, right, 4 loquor, loqu, loctus sum: speak, address, 9 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 maxim: especially, very greatly, 5 medicna, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4

85

membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 mrculum, - n.: wonder, marvel, miracle, 1 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 nihil: nothing, 14 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 Pelis, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 pere, -perre, peri, peritrum: to perish, 1 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 put (1): to think, consider, 2 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 spr (1): hope (for), expect, 5 stupe, -re, -u: be stunned, be astounded, 1 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 ulcscor, ulcsc, ultus sum: to avenge, 2 tor, t, sum sum:use, employ, enjoy 2 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 vale, -re, u: be strong, fare well, be able, 5 vs, vsis n.: vessel, 5 verus, -a, -um: true, real, 2 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 vs: you, you all, 3

2 quantum valeat: how strong is; ind. question, pres. subjunctive vultis: 2nd pl. vol 3 id quod: that which; demonstrative 5 conicite: plural imperative, conici 6 quod: this; which, nom. subject quodMda: plpf. subj., relative clause of characteristic 7 mittendum (esse): must be: was going to be omitted pass. periphrastic in ind. disc.; cnsilium is acc. subject, 9 dubitbant qun: they did not at all doubt that; qun often follows dubitre prfutrum esset: would be profitable; was going to be profitable, fut. periphrastic (fut pple + sum); impf subj

11 quibus: which; abl. obj. of sa est ipsa: she herself sa est: pf. dep. tor, governs abl. 12 r vr: actually; in true fact hsgests: abl. abs. 13 acceptram esse: would receive; s is acc. subj.; fut. periphrastic 14 qu mod: in what way; ind. quest periisset: plpf. subj. per-e 15 tulrunt: pf. fer Isoneexpulss: abl. abs. 20 cuius urbis: of which city; + regnum 21 Crent: there was to Creon; Creon had, dat. of possession 24 ire iurand: by sworn oath; means 25 ultrum (esse): fut. inf. ulcscor

86

Argonauts

parvit summ arte textam et varis colribus infectam; hanc 1 mortifer qudam venn tinxit, cuius vs tlis erat ut s quis eam vestem induisset, corpus eius quasi ign rertur. Hc fact vestem ad Glaucen msit; illa autem nihil mal suspicns dnum libenter accpit, et vestem nvam mre feminrum statim induit. 5 80. MEDEA KILLS HER SONS Vix vestem induerat Glauc cum dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit, et paul post crdl crucit affecta vt excessit. Hs rbus gests Mda furre atque menti impulsa flis sus 10 necvit; tum magnum sibi fore perculum arbitrta s in Thessali manret, ex e regine fugere cnstituit. Hc cnstitut Slem orvit ut in tant percul auxilium sibi praebret. Sl autem hs precibus commtus currum msit cui erant iunct dracns als instruct. Mda nn omittendam tantam occsinem arbitrta 15 currum ascendit, itaque per ra vecta incolumis ad urbem Athns pervnit. Isn ipse brev tempore mr mod occsus est. Accidit sve cs sve cnsili derum ut sub umbr nvis suae, quae in ltus subducta erat, dormret. Mox nvis, quae adhuc rcta steterat, in eam partem ubi Isn iacbat subit dlpsa virum nflcem 20 oppressit.

Argonauts
accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 adhuc: still, 5 r, aris n.: air, 7 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 la, -ae f.: wing, 2 mentia, -ae f.: madness, 2 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 ascend, -ere, -, -nsus: ascend, mount, 3 Athenae, -rum f.: Athens, 1 csus, -s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 color, colris m.: color, 1 crucitus, -s m.: torture, 2 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 currus, -s m.: chariot, cart, 2 dlbor, -lb, -lapsum: slip or fall down, 1 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 drac, -nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 rig, -ere, -rx, -rectum: raise up, lift, 1 excd, -ere, -cess, -cessum: go out, depart, 2 fmina, -ae f.: woman, 3 flius, -i m.: son, 10 fugi, fugere, fg, --: to flee, hurry away, 9 furor, -ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 Glauc, -s f.: Glauce, 4 iace, -re, -u: to lie, lie low, 3 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 impell, -ere, pul, pulsum: drive on incite 3 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 indu, -ere, indu, indtum: put on, 8 Inflx, -flcis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 infici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 Itaque: and so, 8 iung, -ere, iunx, -iunctum: to join, 3 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12

87

malus, -a, -um: bad, 3 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2 ms, mris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 nihil: nothing, 14 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 occid, -ere, -cid, -csus: kill, cut down, 14 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 opprim, -ere, -press: to overpower 5 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 praebe, -re, -u, -itum: to present, give, 7 precs, -um: prayer, entreaty, 3 quasi: as if, 4 sve: or if, whether if, 6 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 st (1): to stand, 8 sub: under, 4 subdc, -ere, -dx, -ductum: draw up, 2 suspic, -re, -v, -tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 tlis, -e: such, 6 tex, -ere, -u, textum: to weave, 1 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 ting, -ere, tinx, tinctum: wet, soak; dye, 1 umbra, -ae f.: shade, shadow, 1 r, rere, uss, ustum: to burn, 1 varius, -a, -um: various, 2 veh, -ere, vx, vectum: to convey, carry, 5 vennum, - n.: poison, 7 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5

1 summ arte: with; abl. manner textam: woven; PPP tex 2 tlis: such; nom. predicate of erat utrertur: thatburned; result s quis: if anyone; quis is indefinite 3 induisset: plpf. subj. ign: by fire; i-stem 3rd decl. noun 4 Nihil mal: nothing (of) evil; partitive 5 mre: by custom; from the custom 8 Glauc: nom. subject 9 paul post: a little later; abl. degree

of difference crdl: abl. i-stem modifies crucit 10 Hsgests: abl. abs. 11 magnumperculum: ind. disc fore: would be; ~futrum esse, fut. inf arbitrta: fem. nom. sg. PPP arbitror smanret: subordinate verbs are made subjunctive in ind. disc. 13 utpraebret: that; ind. command 14 cui: to which had been joined 15 mittendam esse: must not be omitted

88 81. HOMEWARD BOUND

Ulysses 1

Urbem Troiam Graecs decem anns obsessam esse satis cnstat; d hc enim bell Homerus, maximus potrum Graecrum, Iliadem, opus ntissimum, scrpsit. Troi tandem per nsidis capt, Graec long bell fess domum redre mtrvrunt. Omnibus 5 rbus igitur ad profectinem parts, nvs ddxrunt, et tempesttem idneam nact magn cum gaudi solvrunt. Erat inter prims Graecrum Ulixs qudam, vir summae virttis ac prudentiae, quem dicunt nnnull dolum istum excgitsse qu Troiam captam esse cnstat. Hic rgnum nsulae Ithacae 10 obtinuerat, et paul antequam cum reliqus Graecs ad bellum profectus est, puellam formsissimam, nmine Pnelopn, in mtrimnium dxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem anns quasi in exsili consumpsisset, magn cupiditte patriae et uxris videndae 15 rdbat. 82. THE LOTUS-EATERS Postquam tamen pauca milia passuum litre Troiae progress sunt, tanta tempests subit corta est ut nlla nvium cursum tenre posset, sed aliae alis in parts disicerentur. Nvis autem, 20 qu ipse Ulixs vehbtur, v tempesttis ad meridiem dlt decim di ad ltus Libyae appulsa est. Ancors iacts, Ulixs cnstituit nnnulls socis in terram expnere, qu aquam ad nvem referrent et qulis esset natra eius reginis cognscerent. H igitur nv gress imperta facere parbant. Dum tamen fontem 25

Ulysses
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 antequam: before, 9 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 arde, -re, ars, arsum: be on fire, burn, 3 bellum, -, n.: war, 6 const, -stre, -stit, -stitum: stand together, it is agreed, 6 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 corior, -orr, -ortus sum: to arise, 4 cupidits, -ttis f.: desire, passion, 5 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 decem: ten, 4 decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 1 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dfer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: carry off, 1 disici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: scatter, 1 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 duc, -ere, dx, ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 excgit (1): think out, devise, contrive, 1 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 exsilium, -i n.: exile, 2 fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 2 fons, fontis m.: origin, fount, source, 3 formsus, -a, -um: shapely, beautiful, 2 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 14 Homerus, m.: Homer, 1 iaci, -ere, ic, iactum: throw, cast, 1 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 lias, -adis f.: the Iliad, Homers epic, 1 imper (1): order, command, 12 insidiae, -rum f.: ambush, 2

89

inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3 Libya, -ae f.: Libya, 3 longus, -a, -um: long, 4 matrimnium, -i n.: marriage, 6 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 merds, - m.: midday, noon; south, 2 mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 nnnllus, -a, -um: not none, some, 3 ntus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3 nunc: now, at present, 4 obside, -re, -sd, -sessum: beset, beseech 1 obtine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 passus, -s: pace, 7 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8 Pnelop, -s f.: Penelope, 1 pota, -ae m.: poet, 4 profecti, -tinis f.: departure, start, 3 prudentia, -ae f.: prudence, 1 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8 qualis, -e: of what sort?, 1 quasi: as if, 4 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 scrb, -ere, scrps, scrptum: write, 2 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 Troia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 uxor, xris f.: wife, spouse, 10 veh, -ere, vx, vectum: to convey, carry, 5 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10

1 Urbemobsessam esse: that; pf. pass. inf. in ind. disc. 2 decem anns: for; acc. duration satis cnstat: it is sufficiently agreed; impersonal verb. 3 opus: acc. in apposition to Iliadem Troicapt: abl. abs. 5 domum: to home; place to which 6 ad: for; expressing purpose 7 nact: having attained; PPP nancscor solvrunt: set sail; loosened the ship 8 summae virttis: of; gen. desciption 9 quem: whom; acc. subj. of excgitsse

excgit(vi)sse: pf. inf. qu: by which; means: masc. as dolum 10 cnstat: it is agreed that; impersonal 11 paul: little; abl. degree of difference 12 nmine: by name; abl. of respect 13 cumcomsumpisset: when; plpf. 14 patriae..videndae: for seeing; use a gerund-gerundive flip: translate this gerundive as a gerund with dir. objects 19 utposset: thatwere able; result 20 vdlt: abl. abs.; vs and dfer 23 qu: who might; relative of purpose 24 qulis..reginis: what..; ind. quest.

90

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quaerunt, quibusdam ex incols obviam fact ab es hospiti accept 1 sunt. Accidit autem ut maior pars victus erum hominum in mr qudam fruct quem ltum appellbant consisteret. Quam cum Graec gustssent, patriae et socirum statim oblt confirmvrunt s semper in e terr mansrs, ut dulc ill cib in perpetuum 5 vscerentur. 83. THE RESCUE Ulixs cum ab hr septim ad vesperum exspectsset, veritus n soci su in percul versrentur, nnnulls reliqus msit, ut quae 10 causa esset morae cognscerent. H igitur in terram exposit ad vicum qu non long aberat s contulerunt; qu cum vnissent, socis sus quasi vn bris repperrunt. Tum ubi causam veniend docurunt, es persudere cnbantur ut scum ad nvem redrent. Ill tamen resistere ac man s defendere coeprunt, saepe 15 clamitants s numquam ex e loc abitrs. Quae cum ita essent, nunti r infect ad Ulixem redirunt. Hs rbus cognits ipse cum omnibus qu in nv relict erant ad locum vnit; et socis sus frustr horttus ut su sponte redrent, manibus erum post terga vincts invits ad nvem reportvit. Tum ancors sublts quam 20 celerrim port solvit. 84. THE ONE-EYED GIANT Postquam e tt nocte rms contendrunt, postrdi ad terram igntam nvem appulrunt. Tum, quod natram eius reginis 25 ignorbat, ipse Ulixs cum duodecim socis in terram gressus

Ulysses
abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 absum, -esse, fu: to be away, be absent, 7 accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 cibus, - m.: food, 5 clamit (1): call out, 1 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 consist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: stand still, 1 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 dfend, dfendere, -ns, -nsum: to defend, 1 doce, -re, -u, -ctus: teach, tell, 9 dulcis, -e: sweet, dear, fresh, 2 brius, -a, -um: drunk, inebriated, 1 expn, -ere, -su, -situm: set out, explain 7 frctus, -s m.: enjoyment, fruit, 1 frustr: in vain, for nothing, 13 Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 14 gust (1): taste, 2 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 hortor, -r, -tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 hospitium, n.: hospitality, 5 ignr (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 infici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: stain, dye, 4 invtus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 long: far, far and wide, 6 ltus, - f.: lotus, 1 mior, mius: greater, larger; older, 1 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 mrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7

91

mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 nnnllus, -a, -um: not none, some, 3 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 numquam: never, at no time, 4 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 obltus, -a, -um: forgetful, unmindful, 1 obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8 perpetuus, -a, -um: perpetual, everlasting, 1 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 portus, -s m.: harbort, port, 3 postrdi: the day after, the next day, 4 quasi: as if, 4 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 rmus, - m.: oar, 4 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 report (1): to carry back, bring back, 1 resist, -ere, -stit: resist, oppose; stand, 2 saepe: often, 1 semper: always, ever, forever, 2 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2 sponte: of ones own will, voluntarily, 2 tergum, - n.: back, 8 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 undecimum: eleven, 1 vereor, -r, -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 versor (1): be engaged, move about, live, 3 vescor, vesc: to feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4 vcus, - m.: village, 1 vinci, -re, vnx, vnctus: bind, tie, 4 vinc, -ere, vc, victum: conquer overcome 1

1 quibusdam..obviam fact: put in the way of some from the inhabitants hospiti: with hospitality 2 accidit: it happened that; noun result erum hominum: of those men; + pars inconsisteret: depended on 4 gust(v)issent: sycopated plpf. subj. oblt: having forgotten; + gen., PPP 5 smansrs (esse): that; fut. inf. 6 vscerentur: might eat; + abl., purpose ad vesperem: up to the evening 9 exspect(v)isset: plpf. subj., see line 4 veritus n: having feared lest; fearing 10 cognscerent: he might learn; purpose quaemorae: what was; ind. quest

12 s consulrunt: carried themselves qu: to there; to where 14 veniend: gen. sg. gerund (-ing) persudere: to persuade (dat) that..; governs dat. i.o. and ind. command 15 redrent: impf. subj. red-e man: by hand; i.e. by fighting clmitants: pres. pple 16 abitrs (esse): will go away; fut. inf. quae cum...: Since these things were so; as a result, common in Cicero 19 ut redrent: that they return; comm. su sponte: by their own will 20 ancors subltis: abl. abs., PPP toll quam celerrim: as fast as possible

92

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loca explrre cnstituit. Paulum ltore progress ad spluncam 1 ingentem pervnrunt, quam habitr snsrunt; eius enim introitum et natr loc et man muntum esse animadvertrunt. Mox, ets intellegbant s nn sine percul id factrs, spluncam intrvrunt; quod cum fcissent, magnam cpiam lactis in vss 5 ingentibus condtam invnrunt. Dum tamen mrantur quis in e sde habitret, sonitum terribilem audvrunt, et oculs ad portam torts mnstrum horribile vdrunt, hmn quidem speci et figr, sed ingent magnitdine corporis. Cum autem animadvertissent mnstrum num oculum tantum habre in medi 10 fronte positum, intellexrunt hunc esse num Cyclpibus, d quibus fmam iam accperant. 85. THE GIANT'S SUPPER Cyclps autem pstrs erant qudam qu nsulam Siciliam et 15 praecipu montem Aetnam incolbant; ibi enim Volcnus, praeses fabrrum et ignis inventor, cuius serv s erant, officnam suam habbat. Graec igitur simul ac mnstrum vdrunt, terrre paene exanimt in interirem partem spluncae refgrunt et s ibi 20 abdere cnbantur. Polyphmus autem (sc enim Cyclps appellbatur) pecus suum in spluncam compulit; deinde, cum sax ingent portam obstrxisset, ignem in medi splunc fcit. Hc fact, ocul omnia perlstrabat, et cum snsisset homins in interire parte spluncae esse abdits, magn vce exclmvit: 25 "Qu homins estis? Merctrs an latrns?" Tum Ulixs respondit s neque merctrs esse neque praedand caus vnisse;

Ulysses
abd, -ere, -did, -ditus: to hide, put away, 3 Aetna, -ae f.: Aetna, 1 an: or (in questions), 1 animadvert, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 compell, -ere, -pul: drive together, 3 cond, ere, condid, -ditum: found, store up 2 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 copia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 Cyclps, Cyclpis m.: Cyclops, 7 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 ets: even if, although, though, 13 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 exclm (1): cry out, 3 explor (1): search out, explore, 2 faber, fabr m.: smith, engineer, 2 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 figra, -ae f.: form, shape, 1 frns, frontis f.: forehead, 1 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 hmnus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 incol, -ere, -u: inhabit, 4 interior, -ius: interior, 3 intr (1): go into, enter, 7 introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 lc, lactis n.: milk, 1 latr, -nis m.: robber, 1 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 merctor, -ris m.: trader, merchant, 3

93

mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 muni, -re, -v, -tum: to fortify, build, 2 natra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 obstru, -ere, -x, -ctum: block, close off 4 oculus, -, m.: eye, 7 officina, -ae f.: workshop, shop, factory, 1 paene: almost, nearly, 8 pastor, pastoris m.: shepherd, 2 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4 perlustr (1): look over, examine, 2 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 praecipu; especially, 2 praedor, -r, -tus sum: plunder, 1 praeses, praesidis m.: protector, 1 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 refugi, -ere, -fg: flee back, 5 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 sdes, sdis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 servus, -, m.: slave, 2 sc: thus, in this way, 2 Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 1 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 sonitus, - m.: sound, noise, clang, 1 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 terror, terrris m.: terror, fright, 4 torque, -re, tors, tortum: to twist, turn, 1 vs, vsis n.: vessel, 5 Volcnus, - m.: Vulcan, 13 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

1 paulum: a little; adverb progress: dep. PPP progredior 2 quam: which; acc. subj. of habitr habitr: pass. inf. habit eius: its; i.e. the caves introitummuntum esse: ind. disc. 4 sfactrs (esse): would do; fut. inf. 5 quod: this; which d.o. of fcissent condtam: stored up; fearing mrantur quis: wonder who; ind. quest oculstorts: abl. abs., PPP torque hmnfigr: of; abl. quality 9 ingenti magnitdine: of..; abl. quality 10 mnstumhabre: ind. disc. tantum: only; adverb 11 positum: placed; modifies oculum

16 19 22 23 24 25 26 27

hunc: acc. subject d quibus: about whom praesesinventor: nom. appositives simul ac: at the same time as cumobstruxisset: after; plpf. subj sax ingent: abl. means, i-stem abl. Hc fact: abl. abs. homins.esse abdits: thathad been hidden; pf. pass. inf. in ind. disc. magn voce: with a loud; manner Qu homins: what (sort of) people; interrogative adj. nequeneque: neithernor sesse: that they were; ind. disc. praedand: gen. gerund (-ing) object of the prep. caus, for the sake of

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sed Troi redeunts v tempesttum rect curs dpulss esse. 1 rvit etiam ut sibi sine iniri abre liceret. Tum Polyphmus quaesivit ubi esset nvis qu vect essent; sed Ulixs, cum sibi maxim praecavendum esse bene intellegeret, respondit nvem suam in rps coniectam omnn fractam esse. Polyphemus autem 5 nll respons dat duo socis man corripuit, et membrs erum divulss carnem devrre coepit. 86. A DESPERATE SITUATION Dum haec geruntur, Graecrum anims tantus terror occupvit ut 10 n vcem quidem dere possent, sed omn sp saltis dposit mortem praesentem exspectrent. Polyphmus, postquam fams hc tam horribil cen depulsa est, hum prostrtus somn s dedit. Quod cum vdisset Ulixs, tantam occsinem re gerendae nn mittendam arbitrtus, pectus mnstr gladi trnsfigere voluit. 15 Cum tamen nihil temere agendum exstimret, cnstituit explorre, antequam hoc faceret, qu ratine ex splunc evadere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset qu introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi profutrum intellxit s Polyphmum interfcisset. Tanta enim erat eius sax magnitd ut n decem quidem hominibus movr 20 posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixs hc cnt dstitit et ad socis rediit; qu cum intellxissent qu in loc rs essent, nll sp saltis oblt d fortns sus dsperre coeprunt. Ille tamen n anims dmitterent vehementer horttus

Ulysses
abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 move, -re, -mv, -mtum: move away, 5 animadvert, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 antequam: before, 9 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 bene: well, 5 car, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 cna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 decem: ten, 4 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: to drop, 3 dpell, -ere, -pul, -pulsum: drive away, drive off, 3 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down, deposit9 dsist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 dspr (1): to despair, give up, 4 dvor (1): swallow down, devour, 4 dvell, -ere, -vell, -vulsum: tear apart, 1 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 d, -ere, did, ditum: give out, put forth, 3 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 existim (1): judge, consider, regard, think, 2 explor (1): search out, explore, 2 fma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 fortna, -ae f.: fortune, chance, luck, 3 frang, -ere, frg, frctus: break, shatter, 1 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 horribis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 hortor, -r, -tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 hum: on the ground, 2 iniria, -ae f.: wrong, insult, injustice, 2

95

introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 licet, -re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 mgnitd, -tdinis f.: size, greatness, 13 maxim: especially, very greatly, 5 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 nihil: nothing, 14 obstru, -ere, -x, -ctum: block, close off 4 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 offer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: offer, present 5 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3 praecave, -re, -cv, -cautum: take precautions, guard against, 1: praesns, -sentis: present, 1 prostern, -ere, -strv, -tum: to lay out, 3 prsum, prdesse, prfu: profit, benefit, 6 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 rati, -nis f.: plan, method, means, reason, 2 rectus, -a, -um: direct, straight, 2 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 rps, rpis f.: rock, cliff, 6 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 temer: rashly, 1 terror, terrris m.: terror, fright, 4 trnsfg, -fgere, -fx, -fxum: pierce, 4 Troia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 veh, -ere, vx, vectum: to convey, carry, 5 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

1 redeunts: pres. pple red-e v: irregular abl. means, vs dpulss esse: pf. pass. inf. dpell 2 utliceret: that it be allowed; + dat. 3 ubi..nvis: ind. question, impf. subj. qu vect essent: by which; relative clause of characteristic, pf. pass. subj. 4 praecavendum esse: that he had to beware; it had to be guarded by him passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) governs a dat. of agent (sibi) 5 coniectam: hurled; PPP conici fractam esse: fem. nvem is acc. subj. 6 nlldat: abl. abs., PPP d

membrsdivulss: abl. abs. 10 utexspectrent: that; result 11 nquidem: not even omn spdposit: abl. abs. 13 hum: on the ground somndedit: gave himself to sleep 14 quod: this; which, d.o. of vdisset gerendae: of carrying out this matter 15 mittendum (esse): had to be omitted 16 nihilagendum (esse): that; cf. l. 15 19 prfutrum (esse): there would be no benefit to him 20 nquidem: not even by ten men 21 hc cnt: from; separation

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est; dmnstrvit s iam ante mults et magns periculs 1 vsisse, neque dubium esse qun in tant discrmine d auxilium latr essent. 87. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE 5

Ort lce Polyphmus iam somn excittus idem quod hestern di fcit; correpts enim dubus reliqus virs carnem erum sine mor devrvit. Tum, cum saxum movisset, ipse cum pecore su ex splunc progressus est; quod cum Graec viderent, magnam in spem s post paulum vsrs vnrunt. Mox tamen ab hc sp 10 repuls sunt; nam Polyphmus, postquam omns ovs exirunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqu omn sp saltis dposit laments lacrimsque s dedidrunt; Ulixs vr, qu, ut supr dmnstrvimus, vir magn fuit cnsil, ets intellegbat rem in discrmine esse, nndum omnn desperbat. Tandem, postquam 15 di haec tt anim cogitvit, hoc cnsilium cpit. ligns quae in splunc rposita erant palum magnum dlgit. Hunc summ cum dligenti praeacutum fcit; tum, postquam socis quid fier vellet ostendit, redtum Polyphem exspectbat. 20 88. A GLASS TOO MUCH Sub vesperum Polyphmus ad spluncam rediit, et edem mod qu ante cnvit. Tum Ulixs utrem vn prompsit, quem forte (id quod e erat salt) scum attulerat; et postquam magnum pculum vn complvit, mnstrum ad bibendum provocvit. Polyphmus, 25 qu numquam ante vnum gustverat, ttum pculum statim

Ulysses
affer, -ferre, attul, alltum: carry to bring 5 move, -re, -mv, -mtum: move away, 5 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 bib, -ere, bib: drink, 4 car, carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 cn (1): to dine, eat dinner, 2 cogit (1): consider, think over, 1 comple, -re, v, -pltum: fill full, fill up, 1 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 dediderunt dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 dpon, -ere, -su, -situm: put down or aside9 dspr (1): to despair, give up, 4 dvor (1): swallow down, devour, 4 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 discrmen, -crminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 di: a long time, long, 13 dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 ets: even if, although, though, 13 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 exe, -re, -i, -itus: go out, 5 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 forte gust (1): taste, 2 hesternus, -a, -um: of yesterday, 1 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10

97

lmenta, -rum n.: lamentation, 1 lgnum, - n.: wood, 4 lx, lcis m.: light, 6 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 nam: for, 6 nondum: not yet, 4 numquam: never, at no time, 4 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 orior, orr, ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 ostend (1): show, display, 6 ovis, ovis f.: sheep, 6 plus, - m.: stake, 2 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4 pculum, - n.: cup, 7 praeacutus, -a, -um: very pointed or sharp, 1 prm, -ere, -mps, -mptum: to bring out, 1 provoc (1): call forth, 1 que: and, 14 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 reditus, -s m.: return, 5 repell, -ere, reppul, -pulsum: drive back, 1 repon, -ere, -posu, -positum: put back, 2 resist, -ere, -stit: resist, oppose; stand, 2 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 sub: under, 4 supr: above, before, 6 ter, tris m.: skin, wine-skin, 1 vr: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4

1 svsisse: that they had escaped; pf. 2 nequequn: there is not doubt that d: the gods; de, nom. pl. 3 latr essent: plpf. pass. subj. fer idem: the same thing; id-dem, acc. d.o. hestern di: on; abl. time when 7 correptsdubus: abl. abs.; dubus is an alternate abl/dat. pl. ending 9 progressus est: pf. dep. progredior quod: this; which i.e. the situation 10 svsrs (esse): (namely) that; fut. inf. in apposition to spem, hope post paulum: a little latter; adverbs 11 exirunt: pf. ex-e 12 omndposit: abl. abs. laments lacrimsque: to; dat. i.o. 13 vr: in truth, truly; adv., in constrast ut: as; common ut + indicative

14 magn cnsili: of; gen. description 16 cnsilium cpit: he adopted this plan 18 fcit: made (x) (y); double accusative, prae-acutum is a pred. accusative quid fier vellet: what he wished to be done; ind. quest; impf. subj. vol 22 sub: near rediit: pf. red-e edem mod: in; abl. manner 23 qu: in which; abl. manner forte: by chance; abl. as adverb 24 e erat salt: because it served as a (source of) refuge for him; because it was for refuge for him, double dat. (dat. of purpose, dat. of interest) attulerat: plpf. af-fer 25 ad bibendum: for; ad + acc. gerund (-ing) expresses purpose

98

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exhausit; quod cum fcisset, tantam volupttem percpit ut iterum 1 et tertium pculum rplr iusserit. Tum, cum quaesvisset qu nmine Ulixs appellrtur, ille respondit s Neminem appellr; quod cum audvisset, Polyphmus ita loctus est: Hanc tibi grtiam pr tant benefici referam; t postrmum omnium 5 dvorb. Hoc cum dxisset, cib vnque gravis recubuit et brev tempore somn oppressus est. Tum Ulixs socis convocts, "Habmus," inquit, "quam petvimus faculttem; n igitur tantam occsinem re gerendae omittmus." 10 89. THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS Hc oratine habit, postquam extrmum palum ign calefcit, oculum Polyphem dormientis fervent lign perfdit; qu fact omns in diverss spluncae parts s abdidrunt. At ille subit ill dolre ocul somn excittus clmrem terribilem sustulit, et dum 15 per spluncam errat, Ulixem man prehendere cnbtur; cum tamen iam omnn caecus esset, nll mod hoc efficere potuit. Intere reliqu Cyclps, clmre audt, undique ad spluncam convnrunt, et ad introitum adstants quid Polyphmus ageret quaesverunt, et quam ob causam tantum clmrem sustulisset. Ille 20 respondit s graviter vulnertum esse et magn dolre adfic. Cum tamen poste quaesvissent quis ei vim intulisset, respondit ille Neminem id fcisse; quibus rbus audits nus Cyclpibus: At s nm, inquit, t vulnervit, haud dubium est qun cnsili derum, quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hc supplici 25 adficiris. Hoc cum dxisset, abirunt Cyclps eum in insniam incidisse arbitrt.

Ulysses
abd, -ere, -did, -ditus: to hide, put away, 3 abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 adst, -stre, -stit: to stand at or near, 1 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 caecus, -a, -um: blind, 2 calefaci, -ere, -fc, -factum: make hot, 1 cibus, - m.: food, 5 clmor, -ris m.: shout, roar, applause, 4 cnor, cnr, cntus sum: to try, attempt, 7 conveni, -re, vn, ventum: come together 8 convoc (1): to call together, 3 Cyclps, Cyclpis m.: Cyclops, 7 dvor (1): swallow down, devour, 4 dversus, -a, -um: different, contrary, 1 dormi, -re, -v: to sleep, 8 dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 effici, -ere, -fc, -fectus: make, form, 3 err (1): wander, 3 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 exhauri, -re, -aus, -austum: drink up, 1 extrmus, -a, -um: outermost, farthest, last, 2 facults, -ttis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 ferve, -re: to boil; glow, 1 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 incid, -ere, -cid: fall into, fall upon, 3 infer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus: bring on, wage, 3 inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 insnia, -ae f.: insanity, madness, 1 intere: meanwhile, 7 introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 iterum: again, a second time, 3 lgnum, - n.: wood, 4

99

loquor, loqu, loctus sum: speak, address, 9 nec: and not, nor, 10 nm, nllus, nmin, nminem, nll/nll: no one, 6 nmen, nminis, n.: name, 12 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 oculus, -, m.: eye, 7 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 opprim, -ere, -press: to overpower, 5 rtio, -ionis f.: speaking, speech, language, 2 plus, - m.: stake, 2 percipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: feel perceive 5 perfodi, -ere, -fd, -fossum: dig through, 1 pet, petere, petv, pettum: seek, aim at, 10 pculum, - n.: cup, 7 poste: after this, afterwards, 7 postremus, -a, -um: last, 1 prehend, -ere, -hend, -hnsum: seize, 5 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 que: and, 14 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 recumb, -ere, u: lie back, lie down, 2 reple, -re, -plv, -pltum: fill again, fill, 4 resist, -ere, -stit: resist, oppose; stand, 2 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 tu: you, 10 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 vol (1): to fly, 3 volupts, -ttis f.: pleasure, delight, 2 vulner (1): wound, injure, 7

1 quod: this; which obj. of fcisset utiusserit: thathe ordered; result clause with perfect subj. iube 2 qu nmine: with; abl. means 3 s appellr: that he was called Nobody; Neminem is acc. predicate 4 tibi: dat. ind. object of referam 5 referam: 1st sg. future, refer 6 cib vnque: with; abl. cause with nom. sg. adj. gravis, heavy brev tempore: in; abl. time when

7 oppressus est: was overcome socis convocts: abl. abs. or dat. i.o. 8 quam: the opportunity which nmittmus: let us not neglect; neg. jussive clause, pres. subj. 9 gerendae: of carrying out this matter 12 hchabit: this speech made; idiom 15 sustulit: raised; pf. toll, see also l. 20 19 adstants: standing near; pres. pple 24 haud: is is by means doubtful that 25 quibus: whom; dat. compound verb

100 90. THE ESCAPE

Ulysses 1

Polyphmus, ubi socis sus abiisse snsit, furre atque menti impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam invnisset, saxum qu obstructa erat movit, ut pecus in agrs exret. Tum ipse in introit cnsdit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc 5 locum vnerat, eius tergum manibus tractbat, n vir inter ovs exre possent. Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixs, intellxit omnem spem saltis in dol magis quam in virtte pon. Itaque hoc cnsilium iniit. Prmum trs qus vdit pinguissims ex ovibus dlgit, qus cum inter s vminibus coninxisset, num ex socis 10 sus ventribus erum ita subicit ut omnn latret; deinde ovs hominem scum ferents ad portam git. Id accidit quod fore suspictus erat. Polyphmus enim postquam terga ovium manibus tractvit, es praeterre passus est. Ulixs ubi rem tam flciter vnisse vdit, omns socis sus ex rdine edem mod msit; 15 qu fact ipse nvissimus vsit. 91. OUT OF DANGER Hs rbus ita confects, Ulixs veritus n Polyphmus fraudem sentret, cum socis quam celerrim ad ltus contendit; qu cum 20 vnissent, ab es qu nv praesidi relict erant magn cum laetti except sunt. H enim cum anxis anims iam trs dis continus reditum erum exspectvissent, suspict (id quidem quod erat) es in aliquod perculum magnum incidisse, ips auxiliand caus

Ulysses
abe, -re, -i, -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 aliqu, -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 mentia, -ae f.: madness, 2 move, -re, -mv, -mtum: move away, 5 animadvert, -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 auxilior, -r, -tum: help, 1 coniung, -ere, -nx, -nctum: join together, 2 consd, -ere, -sd, sessum: sit down, settle 1 contend, -ere, -, -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 continuus, -a, -um: continuous, successive, 2 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 dlig, -ere, -lg, -lectum: choose, select, 6 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 mitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send out, 2 vad, -ere, vs, vsum: go out, escape, 9 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 exe, -re, -i, -itus: go out, 5 fliciter: happily, fortunately, 3 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 furor, -ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 impell, -ere, pul, pulsum: drive on incite 3 incid, -ere, -cid: fall into, fall upon, 3 ine, -re, -, -itum: go into, enter, 4 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 introitus, -s m.: entrance, 6 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8

101

Itaque: and so, 8 iterum: again, a second time, 3 laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3 late, -re, -u: lie hidden, 1 magis: more, rather, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 obstru, -ere, -x, -ctum: block, close off 4 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 rd, rdinis m.: arrangement, order, rank, 1 ovis, ovis f.: sheep, 6 passus, -s: pace, 7 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4 pinguis, -e: fat, 1 pon, ponere, posu, positum: to place, put, 5 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 praesidium, -i n.: protection, guard, 3 praetere, -re, -v, -itum: go pass, pass by 1 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3 reditus, -s m.: return, 5 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 subici, -ere, -ic, -iectum: cast under, 1 suspic, -re, -v, -tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 tergum, - n.: back, 8 tract (1): to handle, touch, 2 trs, tria: three, 9 venter, ventris m.: belly, 1 vereor, -r, -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 vmen, vminis n.: willow, 1 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10

1 abiisse: pf. inf. ab-e 3 qu: by which; abl. mean utexret: so that; purpose, exe 5 ut: as; as often, ut + indicative quaeque ovis: each sheep; nom. sg. 6 npossent: neg. purpose, possum 7 quod: this; which 8 magis quam: more than pon: was placed; pres. pass. inf. 9 iniit: he initiated; pf. in-e prmum: first; adverb trs (ovs): three (sheep); acc. pl. pinguissims: superlative adj. 10 qus cum: whenthese (sheep) inter s: to one another 11 sus ventribus: under..; dat compound

itaut: in such a waythat; result 12 ferents: pres. pple, fer git: pf. ag Idsuspictus erat: that which he had suspected would be happened; id is subj; fore (~futrum esse) is fut. inf. 13 ovium: of the sheep; gen. pl. 14 es: them; i.e. the sheep passus est: allowed; pf. dep. patior 16 nvissimus: he himself; most recent 19 n: letrealize; fearing clause 20 qu: to there; to where nv praesidi: as protection for the ship; double dat. ( nterest + purpose) 23 iderat: (that which indeed was true) 24 auxiliand: for the sake of helping

102

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gred parbant. Tum Ulixs non satis ttum arbitrtus in e loc 1 manre, quam celerrim profisisc cnstituit. Iussit igitur omns nvem cnscendere, et ancors sublts paulum ltore in altum prvectus est. Tum magn voce exclmvit: "T, Polyphme, qu ira hospit spernis, istam et debitam poenam immnittis tuae 5 solvist." Hc voce audt Polyphmus r vehementer commtus ad mare s contulit, et ubi nvem paulum ltore remtam esse intellxit, saxum ingns man correptum in eam partem conicit unde vcem venre snsit. Graec autem, etsi nn multum fuit 10 qun submergerentur, nll damn accept cursum tenurunt. 92. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS Pauca mlia passuum ab e loc prgressus Ulixs ad nsulam Aeoliam nvem appulit. Haec patria erat ventrum, 15 Hc vast rx Aeolus antr luctants vents tempestatsque sonrs imperi premit ac vincls et carcere frnat. Ibi rx ipse Graecs hospiti excpit, atque es persusit ut ad 20 recuperands vrs paucs dis in e regine commorrentur. Septim di, cum soci labribus s rcpissent, Ulixs, n ann tempore nvigtine excludertur, sibi sine mor proficscendum statuit. Tum Aeolus, qu scibat Ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae videndae, ei iam profectr magnum saccum e cori cnfectum 25 dedit, in qu vents omns praeter num inclserat. Zephyrum tantum solverat, quod ille ventus ab nsul Aeoli ad Ithacam

Ulysses
absum, -esse, fu: to be away, be absent, 7 Aeolia, -ae f.: Aeolia, 2 Aeolus, - m.: Aeolus, 2 altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 antrum, - n.: cave, 1 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 carcer, -eris m.: prison, 1 commoror, -r, -tum: delay, linger, tarry, 3 conscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: climb aboard, 6 corium, - n.: hide, leather, 1 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 1 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 damnum, - n.: harm, injury, 1 debe, -re, -u, debitum: to owe, ought, 2 ets: even if, although, though, 13 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 exclm (1): cry out, 3 excld, -ere, -s, -sum: shut out, hinder, 2 frn (1): to bridle, restrain, 1 hospitium, n.: hospitality, 5 immnits, -ttis f.: cruelity, 1 imperium, -i n.: power to command, rule, 2 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3 is, iris n.: justice, law, right, 4 istus, -a, -um: just, 1 luctor, -r, -tus sum: wrestle, struggle, 1 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 mlle (pl. mlia): thousand, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14

103

nvigti, -nis f.: sailing, voyage, 2 passus, -s: pace, 7 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3 praeter: except, besides, 2 prem, -ere, press, pressum: press, check, 1 proveh, -ere, -vex, -vectum: carry forth, 3 que: and, 14 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: accept, take back, 8 recuper (1): recover, 1 remove, -re, -mv, -mtus: remove, 1 saccus, - m.: sack, bag, 5 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2 sonrus, -a, -um: sounding, loud, noisy, 1 spern, -ere, sprv, sprtum: spurn, reject, 1 statu, -ere, -u, -tus: establish, build, 3 submerg, -ere, -mers, -mersum: to sink, 1 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 toll, tolle, sustul, subltum: raise, lift up 10 tu: you, 10 tutus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3 unde: whence, from which source, 6 vastus, -a, -um: waste, huge, enormous, 1 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9 Zephyrus, - m.: Zephyrus, 1

1 gred: to depart; dep. inf. manre: explanatory inf. after ttum 2 quam celerrim: as fast as possible proficisc: dep. inf. 3 ancors sublts: abl. abs., PPP toll paulum: a little; adverb in altum: to the sea; into the deep 4 magn voce: with a loud; abl. manner Polyphme: vocative, direct. address 5 solvist: you have paid 7 s contulit: carried himself; confer 8 correptum: grabbed; modifies saxum 9 qun: not very far from being drowned 13 mlia passuum: few miles; acc. extent

16 Hc vastfrnat: Here in a vast cave Aeolus checks with power and restrains with prison the wrestling winds and sonorous storms 20 hospiti: with hospitality utcommorrentur: that; result advrs: for recovering strength; employ a gerund-gerundive flip and translate this gerundive as a gerund 22 s rcpissent: had retreated n: so thatmight not; neg. purpose 23 proficiscendum (esse): that he had to set out; pass. periphrastic, dat. agent 25 profectr: to the one about to set out

104

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navigant est secundus. Ulixs hoc dnum libenter accpit, et 1 grtis pr tant benefici acts saccum ad mlum alligvit. Tum omnibus rbus ad profectinem parts meridin fer tempore port solvit. 5 93. THE WIND-BAG Novem dis secundissim vent cursum tenurunt, iamque in cnspectum patriae suae vnerant, cum Ulixs lassitdine confectus (ipse enim gubernbat) ad quitem capiendam recubuit. At soci, qu iam dudum mrbantur quid in ill sacc inclsum 10 esset, cum ducem somn oppressum vidrent, tantam occsinem nn omittendam arbitrt sunt; credbant enim aurum et argentum ibi esse clta. Itaque sp lucr adduct saccum sine mor solvrunt, qu fact vent velut agmine fact 15 qu data porta ruunt, et terras turbine perflant. Hic tanta tempests subit corta est ut ill cursum tenre nn possent sed in eandem partem unde erant profect referrentur. Ulixs somn excittus qu in loc rs esset statim intellxit; 20 saccum soltum, Ithacam post tergum relictam vdit. Tum vr r vehementer exrsit socisque obiurgbat quod cupiditte pecniae adduct spem patriae videndae pricissent. 94. A DRAWING OF LOTS Brev spati intermiss, Graec nsulae cuidam appropinquvrunt in qu Circ, flia Slis, habitbat. Qu cum nvem appulisset, Ulixs in terram frumentand caus grediendum esse statuit; nam cognverat frmentum quod in nv habrent iam dficere. Socis 25

Ulysses
addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 adlig (1): bind to, tie to, 2 agmen, agminis n.: battle line, 1 ag, agere, g, ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 appell, -ere, -pul, -puls: drive to, 14 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 arbitror, -r, -tus sum: to judge, think, 11 argentum, - n.: silver, 1 aurum, - n.: gold, 3 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 cl (1): hide, conceal, 5 conspectus, -s m.: sight, view, 6 corior, -orr, -ortus sum: to arise, 4 crd, -ere, -did, -ditum: believe, trust, 2 cupidits, -ttis f.: desire, passion, 5 cursus, -s m.: course, running, haste, 10 dfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: fail, 3 dnum, - n.: gift, 6 ddum: a short time ago; just now, once, 2 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 exrdsc, -ere, -rs, -rsum: catch fire, 2 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 fer: almost, nearly, closely, 1 frmentor, -r, -tum: fetch grain, forage, 1 frmentum, - n.: grain, 4 grtia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 gubern (1): steer, direct, 1 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 intermitt, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 Itaque: and so, 8 Ithaca, -ae f.: Ithaca, 3 lassitd, -inis f.: weariness, 2 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 lucrum, - n.: gain, profit; money, 1 mlus, - m.: mast, pole, 1

105

meridinus, -a, -um: midday, noonday, 1 mror, -r, -tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 nam: for, 6 navig (1): to sail, 5 novem: nine, 3 obiurg (1): child, scold, reproach, 2 occsi, -inis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 omitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: neglect, omit, 6 opprim, -ere, -press: to overpower 5 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8 pecnia, -ae f.: money, 1 perfl (1): to blow over, 1 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 portus, -s m.: harbort, port, 3 pr: before, in front of, for, 9 profecti, -tinis f.: departure, start, 3 proici, -icere, -ic, -iectum: throw forth, 4 que: and, 14 quis, quitis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 recumb, -ere, u: lie back, lie down, 2 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 ru, -ere, ru: rush, 2 saccus, - m.: sack, bag, 5 secundus, -a, -um: following, favorable, 2 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 statu, -ere, -u, -tus: establish, build, 3 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 tergum, - n.: back, 8 unde: whence, from which source, 6 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 velut: just as, even as, as, 1 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 vr: in truth, in fact, certainly, 5

1 navigantsecundus: favorable to the one sailing; pres. pple. 2 grtis acts: abl. abs. PPP ag, give 3 omnibusparts: abl. abs. ad: for meridintempore: abl. time when 7 Novem dis: for; acc. duration 9 confectus: exhausted adcapidendum: to take rest; for taking, use a gerund-gerundive flip 10 quid: what; ind. quest., plpf. pass. 11 oppressum: overcome; PPP opprim

12 mittendam (esse): must not be neglected; passive periphrastic 13 clta (esse): 2 neut. acc. are subject adduct: drawn; PPP, nom. pl. 15 velut: just as, a battleline formed, where a gate is given they rush and blow over the lands with a whirlwind 21 soltum (et) loosened and; add et 23 videndae: of seeing the country 27 Qu: to there; to where 28 grediendum esse: (they) had to disembark; pass. periphrastic

106

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igitur ad s convocts qu in loc rs esset et quid fier vellet 1 ostendit. Cum tamen omns memori tenrent quam crudel morte nect essent e qu nuper nv gress essent, nm repertus est qu hoc negtium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, rs ad contrversiam dducta est. Tandem Ulixs consens omnium 5 socis in dus parts divsit, qurum alter Eurylochus, vir summae virttis, alter ipse praeesset. Tum h inter s sortt sunt ter in terram gredertur. Hc fact, Euryloch sorte vnit ut cum dubus et vigint socis rem susciperet. 10 95. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS Hs rbus ita constituts e qu sortt erant in interirem partem nsulae profect sunt. Tantus tamen timor anims erum occupverat ut nihil dubitrent qun mort obviam rent. Vix quidem poterant e qu in nv relict erant lacrims tenre; 15 credbant enim s socis sus numquam post hoc tempus visrs. Ill autem aliquantum itineris progress ad villam quandam pervnrunt summ magnificenti aedifictam, cuius ad stium cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audvrunt. Tanta autem fuit eius vocis dulcd ut nll mod retinr possent qun ianuam 20 pulsrent. Hc fact ipsa Circ fors exiit, et summ cum benignitte omns in hospitium invtvit. Eurylochus nsidis sibi comparr suspictus fors exspectre cnstituit, sed reliqu re novitte adduct intrvrunt. Cnam magnificam omnibus rbus instrctam invnrunt et iuss dominae libentissim accuburunt. 25

Ulysses
accumb, -ere, accubu,: to lie (at dinner), 4 addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 ade, -re, -i(v): go to, approach, 4 aedific (1): make a building, build, 2 aliquantum, - n.: somewhat, a little, 2 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 benignits, -ttis f.: kindness, 1 cantus, -s m.: song, singing, 1 cna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 consensus, -s m.: agreement, consent, 1 contrversia, -ae f.: dispute, controversy, 2 convoc (1): to call together, 3 crd, -ere, -did, -ditum: believe, trust, 2 crdlis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 ddc, -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 dvid, -ere, -vs, -vsum: divide, separate, 3 domina, -ae f.: mistress, 1 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 dulcd, -inis f.: sweetness, 1 dulcis, -e: sweet, dear, fresh, 2 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 Eurylochus, - m.: Eurylochus, 6 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 exe, -re, -i, -itus: go out, 5 fi, fier, factus: become, be made, 9 fors: out of doors, 1 fors: outdoors, out of doors, 1 hospitium, n.: hospitality, 5 ianua, -ae f.: door, 2 insidiae, -rum f.: ambush, 2 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 interior, -ius: interior, 3 intr (1): go into, enter, 7 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 invt (1): to invite, 1

107

irent lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 magnificentia, ae f.: splendor, magnificence 1 mgnificus, -a, -um: splendid, magnificent, 2 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 negtium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 nm, nllus, nmin, nminem, nll/nll: no one, 6 nihil: nothing, 14 novits, -ttis f.: newness, novelty, 3 numquam: never, at no time, 4 nper: recently, lately, not long ago, 2 obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 ostend (1): show, display, 6 stium, -i n.: mouth, entrance, 3 praesum, -esse, -fu: be before, preside over 2 puls (1): to strike against, knock, 3 qun: nay (even), (but) that, 12 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 reperi, -re, repper, repertum: find out, 9 retine, -re, -u, -tentum: hold/keep back, 3 sors, sortis f.: lot, 1 sorti, -re, iv, sorttum: to choose by lot, 2 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 suspic, -re, -v, -tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 tene, tenre, tenu, tentum: to hold, keep 13 uter, utra, utrum: which (of two)?, 1 vgint: twenty, 1 villa, -ae f.: country-house, villa, 2 virts, -tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

1 convocts: PPP in abl. abs. quesset: ind. question quid fier: what she wanted to be done 2 memori: in memory quammorte: with how cruel a death 3 e qu: those who; e subject of nec 4 vellet: impf. subj. vol (inf. velle) Quae cum: since these things are so 6 alteralter: onethe other; dat. of compound impf. praeesset, was over 7 ter: which (of the two); ind. quest.

8 Euryloch: for Eurylochus; dat interest vnit ut: it turned out that; noun result 14 utdubitrent: that;result clause nihil dubitrent qun: they did not doubt that; qun follows nn dubit rent: impf. subj. e, clause of doubt 15 tenre: to hold back; i.e. restrain 16 visrs (esse): fut. inf. vide; add esse 18 summ magnificenti: with..; manner 23 fors: overcome; PPP opprim 25 instructam: equipped with all things

108

Ulysses

At Circ vnum quod serv apposuerunt medicment qudam 1 miscuerat; quod cum Graeci bibissent, grav somn subit oppress sunt. 96. THE CHARM 5

Tum Circ, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habbat, bacul aure quod gerbat capita erum tetigit; qu fact omns in porcs subit convers sunt. Intere Eurylochus ignrus quid in aedibus agertur ad stium sedbat; postquam tamen ad slis occsum anxi anim et sollicit exspectvit, slus ad nvem regred 10 constituit. E cum vnisset, sollicitdine ac timre tam perturbtus fuit ut quae vdisset vix dlcid narrre posset. Ulixs autem satis intellxit socis sus in pericul versr, et gladi corrept Euryloch impervit ut sine mor viam ad istam domum dmnstrret. Ille tamen mults cum lacrims Ulixem complexus 15 obsecrre coepit n in tantum periculum s committeret; s quid gravius e accidisset, omnium saltem in summ discrmine futram. Ulixs autem respondit s nminem invtum scum adductrum; e licre, s mallet, in nv manre; s ipsum sine ll praesidi rem susceptrum. Hoc cum magn vce dxisset, nv 20 dsiluit et nll sequente slus in viam s dedit. 97. THE COUNTERCHARM Aliquantum itineris prgressus ad vllam magnificam pervnit, quam cum oculs perlustrsset, statim intrre statuit; intellxit enim 25 hanc esse eandem domum d qu Eurylochus mentinem fcisset.

Ulysses
accid, -ere, accid: to happen, fall (on)to, 8 addc, -ere, -x, -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 aedis, -is f.: temple, pl. house, 1 aliquantum, - n.: somewhat, 2 anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 appn, -ere, -posu, -positum: set before, 3 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 baculum, - n.: staff, wand, 4 bib, -ere, bib: drink, 4 committ, -mittere, -ms: commit, entrust, 6 complector, -plect, -plexus sum: embrace, 3 convert, -ere, -, -rsus: turn (around), 6 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 dmonstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 dsili, -re, -silu, -sultum: jump down, 1 dilcid: distinctly, plainly, 1 discrmen, -crminis n.: crisis, peril, 5 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 Eurylochus, - m.: Eurylochus, 6 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 ignarus, -a, -um: ignorant, not knowing, 1 imper (1): order, command, 12 intere: meanwhile, 7 intr (1): go into, enter, 7 invtus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 licet, -re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 mgnificus, -a, -um: splendid, magnificent, 2 mal, malle, malu: to prefer, 1 mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 medicmentum, - n.: drug, potion, 1 menti, -tinis f.: mention, 2

109

misce, -re, -u, mxtum: mix, mingle, 1 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 narr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 occsus, -s m.: fall, destruction, 4 oculus, -, m.: eye, 7 opprim, -ere, -press: to overpower 5 stium, -i n.: mouth, entrance, 3 perlustr (1): look over, examine, 2 perturb (1): to trouble, greatly disturb, 2 porcus, - m.: pig, swine, 5 praesidium, -i n.: protection, guard, 3 regredior, -gred, -gressus sum: step back, 1 responde, -re, -d, -nsus: to answer, 13 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 sede, -re, sd, sessum: to sit, 6 sequor, -, sectus: follow, pursue, attend, 4 servus, -, m.: slave, 2 sl, slis m.: sun, 10 sollicitd, sollicitdinis f.: anxiety, worry, 1 sollicitus, -a, -um: troubled, anxious, 1 slus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 statu, -ere, -u, -tus: establish, build, 3 suscipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: undertake, 14 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 tang, -ere, tetig, tactum: to touch, 3 llus, -a, -um: any, 3 versor (1): be engaged, move about, live, 3 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4 villa, -ae f.: country-house, villa, 2 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

2 quod: this; which, obj. of bibissent grav somn: abl. means; i-stem adj. 7 qu fact: by which deed; abl. means 8 quid in aedibus agertur: what was done in the house; ind. question with the adjective ignarus, ignorant of 9 ad stium: near the entrance 10 E: to there; place to which 11 Tam perturbtus: so upset; predicate 12 utposset: that; result quae vdisset: (the things) which he had seen; relative of characteristic, the missing antecedent is obj. of narrre

13 socisversr: that; dep. inf. vnit: it turned out that; noun result 14 impervit: ordered (dat) that; governs an ind. command (ut + subj.) 16 ns committeret: not to entrust himself; thatnot, ind. command s quid: if anything more serious; quid is indefinite before s; comparative adj 17 futram (esse)adductrum (esse): susceptrum (esse): all fut. infinitives in successive ind. disc (that clauses) 19 e licere: that it is allowed for him s mallet: if he preferred; impf. ml

110

Ulysses

At cum in e esset ut limen intrret, subit e obviam stetit 1 adulscns form pulcherrim aureum baculum gerns. Hc Ulixem iam domum intrantem man corripuit et, Qu ruis? inquit. Nonne scs hanc esse Circs domum? Hc inclus sunt amic tu ex hman speci in porcs convers. Num vs ipse in eandem 5 calamittem venre?" Ulixes simul ac vcem audvit, deum Mercrium agnvit; nlls tamen precibus ab institt cnsili dterrr potuit. Quod cum Mercrius snsisset, herbam quandam e dedit, quam contr carmina multum valre dicbat. Hanc cape, inquit, et ubi Circ t bacul tetigerit, t strict gladi impetum in 10 eam vid ut facis. Mercrius postquam fnem loquend fcit, mortlis visus medi sermne reliquit, et procul in tenuem ex oculs vnuit auram. 15 98. THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED Brev intermiss spati Ulixs ad omnia percula subeunda partus inuam pulsvit, et foribus patfacts ab ips Circ benign exceptus est. Omnia edem mod atque ante facta sunt. Cnam magnific instrctam vdit et accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fams 20 cib depulsa est, Circ pculum aureum vn repltum Ulix dedit. Ille ets suspictus est vennum sibi partum esse, pculum exhausit; qu fact Circ postquam caput eius bacul tetigit, ea verba locta est quibus socis eius ante in porcs converterat. Rs

Ulysses
accumb, -ere, accubu,: to lie (at dinner), 4 adulscns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 agnosc, -ere, -nv, -ntum: to recognize, 4 amcus, - m.: friend, 6 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 aura, -ae f.: air, breeze, 1 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 baculum, - n.: staff, wand, 4 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 calamits, -ttis f.: misfortune, calamity, 1 carmen, carminis n.: song, 2 cna, -ae f.: dinner, 5 cibus, - m.: food, 5 contr: against (+ acc.), 7 convert, -ere, -, -rsus: turn (around), 6 corripi, -ere, -u, -reptus: snatch (up), 6 dpell, -ere, -pul, -pulsum: drive away, 3 dterre, -re, -u, territum: frighten off, 1 domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 ets: even if, although, though, 13 vanesc, -ere, vanu: vanish, pass away, 1 excipi, ere, cp, ceptum: receive, welcome9 exhauri, -re, -aus, -austum: drink up, 1 fams, -is f.: hunger, 3 fnis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 foris, -is f.: door, entrance, 1 forma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 hmnus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 ianua, -ae f.: door, 2 impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 incld, -ere, -s, -sum: close in, shut in, 7 inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 institu, -ere, -u, -tum: establish, set, 1 instru, -ere, -x, -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 intermitt, -ere: interrupt, break off, 5

111

intr (1): go into, enter, 7 lmen, lminis n.: threshold, 1 loquor, loqu, loctus sum: speak, address, 9 magnific: magnificently, splendidly, 1 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 mortlis, -e: mortal, 1 nnne: introduces a yes/no question, 1 num: question expecting negative answer, 2 obviam: in the way of, opposite to (+ dat.) 3 oculus, -, m.: eye, 7 patefaci, -ere, -fc, -factum: to lay open, 2 pculum, - n.: cup, 7 porcus, - m.: pig, swine, 5 precs, -um: prayer, entreaty, 3 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 pulcher, -chra, -chrum: beautiful, pretty, 2 puls (1): to strike against, knock, 3 relinqu, -ere, -lqu, -lictum: leave behind, 9 reple, -re, -plv, -pltum: fill again, fill, 4 ru, -ere, ru: rush, 2 sci, -re, -v (i), -tus: know, understand, 9 serm, sermnis m.: conversation, talk, 2 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 st (1): to stand, 8 string, -ere, strinx, strictum: to draw out, 3 sube, -re, -i: to undergo, go up (to), 5 suspic, -re, -v, -tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 tang, -ere, tetig, tactum: to touch, 3 tenuis, -e: thin, 1 tu: you, 10 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3 vale, -re, u: be strong, fare well, be able, 5 vennum, - n.: poison, 7 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 vx, vcis, f.: voice, 9

1 in e esset ut: was in such a place that e obviam: facing her, in the way of her 2 frm pulcherrim: of..; abl. quality Qu: to where? 4 Nnne scs: do you not know? 5 Num vs: Surely you do not wish?; Num anticipates a no answer 6 simul ac: at the same time as 7 ab institt cnsili: from his set plans 8 quod: this; which, obj. of snsisset 9 quam..valre: whichis quite strong

carmina: songs; i.e. Circes spells 10 stetigerit: if Circe touches; fut. pf. 11 vid ut facis: see to it that you make 13 mortlis: he left the sight of the mortal in the middle of the his speech and vanished from his eyes far off into the thin breeze 11 Brevspati: abl. abs. 17 adsubeunda: for undergoing; p. 71 19 edematque: in the same way as 23 qu fact: this done; abl. abs.

112

Ulysses

tamen omnn aliter vnit atque illa sperverat. Tanta enim vs 1 erat eius herbae quam Ulix Mercrius dederat ut neque vennum neque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixs autem, ut e praeceptum erat, gladi strict impetum in eam fcit et mortem minitbtur. Circ cum artem suam nihil valre snsisset, mults 5 cum lacrims eum obsecrre coepit n sibi vtam adimeret. 99. MEN ONCE MORE Ulixs autem ubi snsit eam timre perterritam esse, postulvit ut socis sus sine mor in hmanam speciem rdceret (certior enim 10 factus erat de Mercuri es in porcs converss esse); nisi id factum esset, s debits poens sumptrum ostendit. Circ hs rbus graviter commta e ad peds s proicit, et mults cum lacrims ire iurand cnfirmvit s quae ille impersset omnia factram. Tum porcs in atrium immitt iussit. Illi dat sign 15 irrurunt, et cum ducem suum agnvissent, magn dolre affect sunt quod nll mod eum d rbus sus certirem facere poterant. Circ tamen unguent qudam corpora erum nxit; qu fact sunt omns statim in hmanam speciem reduct. Magn cum gaudi Ulixs sus amcs agnvit, et nntium ad ltus msit, qu reliqus 20 Graecs socis recepts esse diceret. Ill autem hs rbus cognits statim ad domum Circaeam s contulrunt; qu cum vnissent, univers laetitiae s ddidrunt.

Ulysses
adim, -ere, -m: take away, deprive, 1 affici, -ere, -fc, fectum: influence, treat, 13 agnosc, -ere, -nv, -ntum: to recognize, 4 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 Circaeus, -a, -um: of Circe, 1 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 convert, -ere, -, -rsus: turn (around), 6 debe, -re, -u, debitum: to owe, ought, 2 dediderunt domus, -s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 effici, -ere, -fc, -fectus: make, form, 3 veni, -re: turn out, happen, 8 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 hmnus, -a, -um: cultured, refined, 4 immitt, -ere, -ms, -missum: send, et in, 2 imper (1): order, command, 12 impetus, -s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 inru, -ere, -ru: rush in, 1 iur (1): to swear, 2 is, iris n.: justice, law, right, 4 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 minitor, -r, -tus sum: threaten, 1

113

mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 nihil: nothing, 14 nisi: if not, unless, 2 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 omnn: altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 ostend (1): show, display, 6 perterre, -re: frighten, terrify, 5 ps, pedis m.: foot, 8 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3 porcus, - m.: pig, swine, 5 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 praecipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: order, take, 6 proici, -icere, -ic, -iectum: throw forth, 4 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 recipi, -ere, -cp, -ceptum: take back, 8 redc, -ere, -x, -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 signum, - n.: sign, signal, 2 spr (1): hope (for), expect, 5 string, -ere, strinx, strictum: to draw out, 3 sum, sumere, sumps, sumptum: to take, 3 ung(u), -ere, unx, unctum: to oil, annoint, 1 unguentum, - m.: ointment, 3 universus, -a, -um: entire, whole, 1 vale, -re, u: be strong, fare well, be able, 5 vennum, - n.: poison, 7 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 vta, -ae, f.: life, 9

1 aliteratque: otherwisethan vnit: it turned out; impersonal 2 eius herbae: of that plant; with vs utpossent: that; result clause 3 ut praeceptum erat: as he had been instructed; impersonal passive 4 in eam: against her 5 nihil valre: was not at all prevailing; ind. disc. artem, craft, is acc. subj. 6 nadimeret: that; ind. command sibi: from her; dat. of compound verb carmina: songs; i.e. Circes spells 10 certior factus erat: he had been informedthat; made more certain 10 tetigerit: if Circe touches; fut. pf. 11 factum esset: if this had not been done; plpf. subj.; id is a demonstrative 12 ssumptrum (esse): would exact;

fut. inf. in ind. disc. 13 e: his; dat. of possession 14 ire iurand: by sworn oath; means sfactram (esse): that she; omnia is obj. and antecedent of quae 15 immitt: pres. pass. inf. immitt 16 magn..affect: affected by great pain 17 eumcertirem facere: to inform him; to make him more certain 18 qu fact: this done; abl. abs. suntreduct: pf. pass. redc 20 qudceret: who would say; relative clause of purpose 21 reliqus Graecs: dat. ind. object socis recepts esse: that the comrades had been recovered; 22 qu: to there; to where 23 laetitiae: to joy; dat. ind. obj.

114 100. AFLOAT AGAIN

Ulysses 1

Postrdi eius di Ulixs ex hc insul quam celerrim discdere in anim habbat. Circ tamen cum haec cognvisset, ex odi ad amrem conversa omnibus precibus eum orre et obtestr coepit ut paucs dis apud s morrtur; qu r tandem impetrt, tanta beneficia in eum contulit ut facile e persusum sit ut ditius manret. Postquam tamen ttum annum apud Circn cnsmpserat, Ulixs magn desideri patriae suae mtus est. Socis igitur ad s convocts quid in anim habret ostendit. Ubi tamen ad ltus descendit, nvem suam tempesttibus tam afflictam invnit ut ad navigandum paene intilis esset. Hc r cognit omnia quae ad nvs reficiends su essent comparr iussit, qu in r tantam diligentiam omns adhibbant ut ante tertium diem opus perfcerint. At Circ ubi omnia ad profectinem parta esse vdit, rem aegr ferbat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrbat ut e consili desisteret. Ille tamen, n ann tempore navigtine excludertur, mtrandum sibi existimvit, et tempesttem idneam nactus nvem solvit. Multa quidem percula Ulix subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam pervnret, quae tamen hc loc longum est perscrbere.

10

15

20

Ulysses
adflg, -ere, -flx, -flctum: dash, shatter, 1 adhibe, -re, -u, -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 aegr: with difficulty, wearily, 4 amor, -ris m.: love, desire, pasfansion, 3 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 antequam: before, 9 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 consum, -ere, -mps, -mptum: take, spend 9 convert, -ere, -, -rsus: turn (around), 6 convoc (1): to call together, 3 dscend, -ere, -nd, -nsum: descend, 4 desiderium, -i n.: desire, longing, 1 dsist, -ere, -stit, -stitum: desist, stop, 5 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 discd, -ere, -ss, -ssum: go away, depart, 4 di: a long time, long, 13 excld, -ere, -s, -sum: shut out, hinder, 2 existim (1): judge, consider, regard, think, 2 facilis, -e: easy, 1 fer, ferre, tul, ltus: carry, bear, endure, 10 idneus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 impetr (1): to obtain, gain ones end, 1 inutilis, -e: not useful, useless, 1 inveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: find, discover 8 longus, -a, -um: long, 4

115

mane, -re, mans, --: to stay, wait, 9 matur (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 moror, -r, -tus sum: delay, linger, 3 nanciscor, nancisc, nactus: attain, meet, 7 nvigti, -nis f.: sailing, voyage, 2 navig (1): to sail, 5 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 obtestor, -r, tum: call to witness, implore1 odium, -i n.: hatred, 1 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 ostend (1): show, display, 6 paene: almost, nearly, 8 patria, -ae f.: fatherland, country, 8 perfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: accomplish, 3 perscrb, -ere, -ps, -ptum: write fully, 3 persude, -re, -sus, -susum: persuade, 9 postrdi: the day after, the next day, 4 precs, -um: prayer, entreaty, 3 profecti, -tinis f.: departure, start, 3 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 refici, -ere, fc, fectum: renew, make new 2 sube, -re, -i: to undergo, go up (to), 5 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2 sus, ss m.: use, employment, 3 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11

1 postrdi eius di: the day after that day; abl. time when; gen. quam celerrim: as fast as possible in anim: had in mint; i.e. intended 2 haec: these (things); neuter pl. 3 omnibus precibus: means, with rre 4 utmorrtur: that he linger; ind. command; paucs dis is acc. duration 5 apud s: at her house qu r impert: which matter having been attained; abl. abs. i.e. Circe got what she had requested above 6 contulit: she brought; Circe is subject utpersusum sit: that she persuaded him; impersonal pf. pass. utmanret: that; ind. command ditius: longer; comparative adv. 7 apud Circn: at Circes house patriae suae: for his country; objective gen. governed by desideri

8 Socis convocts: abl. abs. or dat. i.o. 9 Quidhabret: ind. question 10 tam afflictam: so dashed; PPP utesset: that; result, impf. subj. sum ad navigandum: for; ad + acc., here a gerund (ing), expresses purpose 11 ad nvs reficiends: for; for ships going to be repaired, employ a gerund-gerundive flip: translate the gerundive as a gerund (-ing) 12 quaesu essent: who were of use; dat. purpose; omnia is antecedent 13 utperfcerint: that; result; pf. subj., translate as a pf. indicative 14 ad profectinem: for setting out 15 ferbat: endured cnsili: from this purpose; separation 17 mtrandum (esse): that it had to be hastened by him; dat. of agent 18 subeunda erant: had to be undergone

116
1st Declension Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. copia copiae copiae copiam copi

Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

2nd Declension (m.) legatus legat legat legatum legat legat legatrum legats legats legats 2nd Declension (n.) proelium proelia proeli proelirum proeli proelis proelium proelia proeli proelis 3rd Declension (n.) iter itineris itiner iter itinere itinera itinerum itineribus itinera itineribus

copiae copirum copis copis copis

3rd Declension (m/f) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. mles mlitis mlit mlitem mlite mlites mlitum mlitibus mlits mlits

4th Declension (m/f) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. manus mans manu manum man mans manuum manibus mans manibus

4th Declension (n.) corn corns corn corn corn cornua cornuum cornuibus cornua cornuibus

5th Declension (m/f) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. rs r r rem r rs rrum rbus rs rbus Selected Pronouns Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Nom. Gen . Dat. Acc. Abl. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. is eius e eum e e erum es es es qu cuius cu quem qu he his to/for him him with/from him they their to/for them them with/from them quae cuius cu quam qu quod cuius cu quod qu ea eius e eam e eae erum es es es qu qurum quibus qus quibus she her to/for her her with/from her they their to/for them them with/from them quae qurum quibus qus quibus quae qurum quibus quae quibus id eius e id e ea erum es ea es it its to/for it it with/from it they their to/for them them with/from them

who, which, that whose, of whom/which to whom/which whom, which, that by/with/from whom/which

Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

117
this of this to/for this this b/w/f this these of these to these these with/from these

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

ille illus ill illum ill

illa illus ill illam ill

illud illus ill illud ill

that of that to/for that that with/from that those of those to those those with/from those

hic huius huic hunc hc h hrum hs hs hs

haec huius huic hanc hc hae hrum hs hs hs

hoc huius huic hoc hc haec hrum hs haec hs

ill illae illa illrum illrum illrum ills ills ills ills ills illa ills ills ills reflexive pronoun

possessive reflexive adjective suus su su suum su sua suae suae suam su suum su su suum su su surum sus sus sus suae surum sus sus sus sua surum sus sua sus

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

--su sibi s s

Adjectives and Adverbs Decl. 1st/2nd 3rd Positive altus, -a, -um high (deep) fortis, forte brave alt deeply fortiter bravely Comparative altior, altius higher (deeper) fortior, fortius braver, more brave altius more deeply fortius more bravely Superlative altissimus, -a, -um highest, very high (deepest) fortissimus, -a, -um bravest, most brave, very brave altissim very deeply fortissim very bravely

1st/2nd 3rd

Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs Positive bonus, -a, -um good magnus, -a, -um great parvus, -a, -um small multus, -a, -um much Comparative melior, melius better maior, maius greater minor, minus smaller ---, plus more Superlative optimus, -a, -um best maximus, -a, -um greatest minimus, -a, -um smallest plurimus, -a, -um most

118

Synopsis: 1st Conjugation

am, amre, amv, amtum: to love

active Indicative Pres. am ams amat Impf. ambam ambs ambat Fut. amb ambis ambit amv amvist amvit

translation ammus amtis amant I love

passive amor amris amtur ambar ambris ambtur ambr amberis ambitur ammur ammin amantur ambmur ambmin ambantur ambimur ambimin ambuntur

translation I am loved

ambmus I was loving ambtis ambant ambimus I will love ambitis ambunt amvimus I have loved amvistis amvrunt

I was being loved

I will be loved

Perf.

amta sum amtae sumus amta es amtae estis amta est amtae sunt

I have been loved was loved I had been loved

Plpf.

amveram amvermus I had loved amta eram amtae ermus amvers amvertis amta ers amtae ertis amverat amverant amta erat amtae erant amverimus I will have amveritis loved amverint ammus amtis ament amrmus amrtis amrent amvermus amvertis amverint same as indicative amta er amtae erimus amta eris amtae eritis amta erit amtae erunt amer amris ametur amrer amrris amretur ammur ammin amentur amrmur amrmin amrentur

Fut. Pf amver amveris amverit Subjunctive Pres. amem ams amet Impf. amrem amrs amret Perf. amverim amvers amverit Plpf.

I will have been loved

same as indicative

amta sim amtae smus amta ss amtae stis amta sit amtae sint amta essem amtae essmus amta esss amtae esstis amta esset amtae essent

amvissem amvissmus amvisss amvisstis amvisset amvissent amte love! loving going to love

Imperative am

Participle Pres. amns (amantis) Perf. Fut. amtrus, -a, -um Infinitive Pres. amre Perf. amvisse Fut. amtrum esse

amtus, -a, -um amandus, -a, -um

having been loved going to be loved to be love to have been loved

to love amr to have loved amtum esse to be going to loved

Synopsis: 2nd Conjugation

vide, vidre, vd, visum: to see
active Indicative Pres. vide vids videt Impf. vidbam vidbs vidbat Fut. vidb vidbis vidbit vd vdist vdit vderam vders vderat translation vidmus vidtis vident I see passive videor vidris videtur vidbar vidbris vidbtur vidbr vidberis vidbitur vsa sum vsa es vsa est vsa eram vsa ers vsa erat vsa er vsa eris vsa erit videar videris videatur vidrer vidrris vidrtur vsa sim vsa ss vsa sit vidmur vidmin videntur vidbmur vidbmin vidbantur vidbimur vidbimin vidbuntur vsae sumus vsae estis vsae sunt vsae ermus vsae ertis vsae erant vsae erimus vsae eritis vsae erunt videmur videmin videantur vidrmur vidrmin vidrentur vsae smus vsae stis vsae sint translation I am seen

119

vidbmus I was seeing vidbtis vidbant vidbimus I will see vidbitis vidbunt vdimus vdistis vdrunt I have seen

I was being seen

I will be seen

Perf.

I have been seen was seen I had been seen

Plpf.

vdermus I had seen vdertis vderant vderimus vderitis vderint I will have seen

Fut.pf. vder vderis vderit Subjunctive Pres. videam vides videat Impf. vidrem vidrs vidret Perf. vderim vders vderit vdissem vdisss vdisset

I will have been seen

videmus same as videtis indicative videant vidrmus vidrtis vidrent vdermus vdertis vderint vdissmus vdisstis vdissent vidte see! seeing going to see

same as indicative

Plpf.

vsa essem vsae essmus vsa esss vsae esstis vsa esset vsae essent

Imperative vid

Participle Pres. vidns (videntis) Perf. Fut. vsrus, -a, -um Infinitive Pres. vidre Perf. vdisse Fut. vsrum esse

vsus, -a, -um videndus, -a, -um

having been seen going to be seen to be seen to have been seen

to see vidr to have seen vsum esse to be going to see

120

Synopsis: 3rd Conjugation

dc, dcere, dx, ductum: to lead

active Indicative Pres. dc dcis dcit

translation dcimus dcitis dcunt I lead

passive dcor dceris dcitur dcimur dcimin dcuntur dcbmur dcbmin dcbantur dcmur dcmin dcentur

translation I am led

Impf. dcbam dcbmus I was leading dcbar dcbs dcbtis dcbris dcbat dcbant dcbtur Fut. dcam dcs dcet dx dxist dxit dcmus I will lead dctis dcent dximus I have led dxistis dxrunt dcar dcris dcetur

I was being led

I will be led

Perf.

ducta sum ductae sumus ducta es ductae estis ducta est ductae sunt ducta eram ductae ermus ducta ers ductae ertis ducta erat ductae erant ducta er ducta eris ducta erit dcar dcris dcatur dcerer dcerris dceretur ducta sim ducta ss ducta sit ducta essem ducta esss ducta esset ductae erimus ductae eritis ductae erunt dcmur dcmin dcantur dcermur dcermin dcerentur ductae smus ductae stis ductae sint

I have been led was led I had been led

Plpf.

dxeram dxermus I had led dxers dxertis dxerat dxerant dxerimus I will have dxeritis led dxerint dcmus same as dctis indicative dcant dcermus dcertis dcerent dxermus dxertis dxerint dxissmus dxisstis dxissent ducite lead! leading

Fut. Pf dxer dxeris dxerit Subjunctive Pres. dcam dcs dcat Impf. dcerem dcers dceret Perf. dxerim dxers dxerit dxissem dxisss dxisset

I will have been led

same as indicative

Plpf.

ductae essmus ductae esstis ductae essent

Imperative dc

Participle Pres. ducns (dcentis) Perf. Fut. ductrus, -a, -um Infinitive Pres. dcere Perf. dxisse Fut. ductrum esse

ductus, -a, -um going to lead ducendus, -a, -um

having been led going to be led to be lead to have been led

to lead dc to have led ductum esse to be going to led

Synopsis: 4th Conjugation

audi, audre, audv, audtum: to hear
active Indicative Pres. aud auds audit Impf. audibam audibs audibat Fut. audiam audis audiet audv audvist audvit translation audmus audtis audiunt I hear passive audior audris audtur audmur audmin audiuntur translation I am heard

121

audibmus I was hearing audibar audibmur audibtis audibris audibmin audibant audibtur audibantur audimus auditis audient I will hear audiar audiris auditur audimur audimin audintur

I was being heard

I will be heard

Perf.

audvimus I have heard audta sum audtae sumus audvistis audta es audtae estis audvrunt audta est audtae sunt

I have been heard was heard

Plpf.

audveram audvermus I had heard audta eram audtae ermus I had been heard audvers audvertis audta ers audtae ertis audverat audverant audta erat audtae erant audverimus I will have audveritis heard audverint audimus auditis audiant audrmus audrtis audrent same as indicative audta er audtae erimus audta eris audtae eritis audta erit audtae erunt audiar audiris auditur audrer audrris audretur audimur audimin audiantur audrmur audrmin audrentur I will have been heard

Fut.pf audver audveris audverit Subjunctive Pres. audiam audis audiat Impf. audrem audrs audret Perf.

same as indicative

audverim audvermus audvers audvertis audverit audverint audvissem audvissmus audvisss audvisstis audvisset audvissent audte hear! hearing going to hear

audta sim audtae smus audta ss audtae stis audta sit audtae sint audta essem audtae essmus audta esss audtae esstis audta esset audtae essent

Plpf.

Imperative aud

Participle Pres. audins (audientis) Perf. Fut. audtrus, -a, -um Infinitive Pres. audre Perf. audvisse Fut. audtrum esse

audtus, -a, -um audiendus, -a, -um

having been heard going to be heard to be heard to have been heard

to hear audr to have heard audtum esse to be going to heard

122

Synopsis: sum and possum

sum, esse, fu, futrum: to be possum, posse, potu, -- : to be able, can translation possum possumus potes potestis potes potestis poteram potermus poters potertis poterat poterant poter poteris poterit potu potuist potuit poterimus poteritis poterunt potuimus potuistis poturunt I am able, can

Indicative Pres. sum es es eram ers erat er eris erit fu fuist fuit fueram fuers fuerat fuer fueris fuerit sumus estis estis ermus ertis erant erimus eritis erunt fuimus fuistis furunt

translation I am

Impf.

I was

I was able, could

Fut.

I will be

I will be able

Perf.

I have been, I was

I have been able, I was able, could I had been able

Plpf.

fuermus I had been fuertis fuerant fuerimus I will have been fueritis been fuerint

potueram potuermus potuers potuertis potuerat potuerant potuer potuerimus potueris potueritis potuerit potuerint

Fut. Pf.

I will have been able

Subjunctive Pres. sim ss sit essem esss esset fuerim fuers fuerit smus stis sint essmus esstis essent fuermus fuertis fuerint same as indicative possim posss possit possem posss posset possmus posstis possint possmus posstis possent same as indicative

Impf.

Perf.

potuerim potuermus potuers potuertis potuerit potuerint potuissem potuissmus potuisss potuisstis potuisset potuissent xxx

Plpf.

fuissem fuissmus fuisss fuisstis fuisset fuissent

Imperative xxx Infinitive Pres. Perf. Fut. esse fuisse futrum esse* to be to have been to be going to be

posse potuisse ----

to be able to have been heard

* fore is a common indeclinable alternative for futrum esse.

Synopsis: Deponent Verb

sequ, sequ, sectus-a-um sum: to follow Indicative Pres. sequor sequeris sequitur Impf. sequimur sequimin sequuntur I follow

123

sequbar sequbmur sequbris sequbmin sequbtur sequbantur sequar sequris sequtur sequmur sequmin sequentur

I was following

Fut.

I will follow

Perf.

secta sum sectae sumus secta es sectae estis secta est sectae sunt

I have followed

Plpf.

secta eram sectae ermus I had followed secta ers sectae ertis secta erat sectae erant I will have followed

Fut.. pf. secta er sectae erimus secta eris sectae eritis secta erit sectae erunt Subjunctive Pres. sequar sequris sequtur Impf. sequmur sequmin sequantur

same as indicative

sequerer sequermur sequerris sequermin sequertur sequerentur secta sim sectae smus secta ss sectae stis secta sit sectae sint secta essem sectae essmus secta esss sectae esstis secta esset sectae essent sequitor follow! following having followed going to follow

Perf.

Plpf.

Imperative sequere

Participle Pres. sequns (gen. sequentis) Perf. sectus, -a, -um Fut. sectrus, -a, -um Infinitive Pres. sequ Perf. sectum esse Fut. sectrum esse

sequendus,-a -um

going to be followed

to follow to have followed to be going to follow

124 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary List (Words 15 or More Times)

This is an alphabetized list of the running core vocabulary found at the beginning of this commentary. To use this book properly, readers should review and memorize the running core vocabulary as they read the stories. If they encounter a word in the text that is not found in the facing vocabulary, it is most likely in the running vocabulary and the list below. The number of occurrences of each word i was tabulated with the help by the author.

, ab, abs: (away) from, out of, 72 accipi: to receive, get, accept, 26 ad: to, toward; near, 188 animus, - m.: soul, spirit, breath, courage, pride, 18 annus, - m.: year, 18 Argonautae, -rum m.: Argonauts, 18 at: but; mind you; but, you say, 27 atque: and, and also, and even, 21 audi, audre, audv, audtum: to hear, listen to, 22 autem: however, moreover, 81 auxilium, - n.: help, aid, assistance, 19 bs, bovis m. f.: cow, ox, bull (bobus-dat. abl.), 18 brevis, -e: short, brief, 15 capi, capere, cp, captum: to take, capture, seize, 14 caput, capitis, n.: head; life, 20 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause; case, 31 Circ, -s f.: Circe, 15 coep, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 16 cognsc, -ere, -nv, -nitum: to learn, perf. know, 22 confer, -ferre: bring together, collect, carry, 18 confici, -ere: to exhaust, finish, accomplish, 16 conici, -ere, -ic: throw together, throw, take oneself, 13 cnsilium, -i n.: plan, advice; council, assembly, 23 constitu, -ere, -u, -tus: decide, establish, resolve, 36 corpus, corporis, n.: body, 19 cum: with (+ abl.); when, since, although, 196 d: down from, from, about, concerning (+ abl.), 29 deus, - m.: god, divinity, deity, 19 dc, -ere, dx, dictus: say, speak, tell, call, name, 17 dis, - m./f.: day, time, season, 46 dmitt, -ere, -ms, -missus: send away, let go, 8 d, dare, ded, datum: give, put, make; grant, allow, 42 dolor, -ris m.: pain, grief, anger, passion, 17 dum: while, as long as, until, 35 , ex: out from, from, out of (+ abl.), 108 gredior, -, -gressus: go out, disembark, 18

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary

enim: for, indeed, in truth, 77 et: and, also, even, 287 etiam: besides, also, even, 17 Eurystheus, - m.: Eurystheus, 23 exspect (1): look out for, wait for, await, 15 faci, -ere, fc, fectum: make, do, 89 flia, -iae f.: daughter, 20 flmen, -inis n.: river, stream, 15 ger, -ere, gess, gestus: carry (on), wage, 18 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, severe; venerable, 16 habe, -re, habu, -itus: have, hold; consider, 34 habit (1): to inhabit, live, 18 Hercules, -is m.: Hercules 121 hic, haec, hoc: this, that; he, she, it, 222 hom, -inis m./f.: man, mortal, human, 21 iam: now, already, soon, 29 Ison, -onis m.: Jason, 45 ibi: there, in that place, 21 dem, eadem, idem: the same, 15 igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 71 ille, illa, illud: that (famous); he, she, it, 84 in: in (+ abl.) , into (+ acc.), 272 ingns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, huge, 21 insula, -ae f.: island, 20 intelleg, -ere, -lx, -lctum: to realize, understand, 24 interfici, -ere, -fc, -fectum: kill, slay, destroy, 15 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 50 is, ea, id: this, that; he, she, it, 230 ita: so, thus, 25 iter, itineris n.: way, road, journey, 19 iube, iubre, iuss, iussum: to order, command, 17 labor, -ris m.: labor, hardship, task, 22 ltus, ltoris n.: shore, beach, 19 locus, - m.: place, region, situation; opportunity, 51 mgnopere: greatly, very much, 15 magnus, -a, -um: great, large, tall; mighty, important, 79 manus, -s f.: hand, 16 mare, maris n.: sea, 15 Mda, -ae f.: Medea, 27 mitt, -ere, -ms, missum: to send, let go, 18 modus, - m.: way, manner; modo (adv.) only 38 monstrum, - n.: monster, 26 mox: soon, 19 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 36

125

126

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary

nvis, nvis, f.: ship, boat, 63 n: lest, that not, no, not, 22 neque: and not (nequeneque = neithernor), 27 nn: not, by no means, not at all, 40 nllus, -a, -um: none, no, no one, 24 omnis, omne: every, all, 96 par (1): prepare, make (ready), 21 pars, partis, f.: part, share, 23 pauc, -ae, -a: little, few, scanty, 22 paulus, -a, -um: little, small, 16 per: through, over, across, 23 perculum, - n.: risk, danger, peril, 31 Perseus, - m.: Perseus, 26 perveni, -re, -vn, -ventum: to come through, arrive 19 Polyphmus, - m.: Polyphemus, 19 possum, posse, potu: be able, can, avail, 46 post: after, behind (+ acc.); afterward, next, 32 postquam: after, when, 58 prmus -a -um: first, 16 proficscor, -, -fectus: set out, depart, 19 progredior, -gred, progressus sum: advance, 17 puer, puer, m.: boy, 17 quaer, -ere, quaesv, quaestum: to seek, ask, inquire, 21 qu, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, that, 307 qudam, quaedam, quiddam: certain, a certain, 50 rede, -re, -v: go back, return, come back, 19 refer, -ferre, -tul, -ltum: report, bring back, 18 regi, -nis f.: region, district, 18 regnum, - n.: (royal) power, kingdom, realm, 19 reliquus, -a, um: remaining, left (over), 15 rs, re, f.: thing, matter, affair, business, 83 rx, rgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 44

sals, -tis f.: safety, security, health, 15 saxum, sax n.: rock, 15 s: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 115 sed: but, moreover, however, 31 senti, sentre, sns, snsum: to feel, perceive, 16 s: if (only), whether, in case that, 20 sine: without (abl.), 19 socius, - m.: ally, companion, comrade, 33 solv, -ere, solv, soltum: to loosen, release, 20 species, -i f.: sight, look, appearance, aspect, 15 spelunca, -ae f.: cave, 30 statim: immediately, on the spot, at once, 28 subit: immediately, straightaway, 19

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary

sum, esse, fu, futrum: to be, 422 summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest, top of, 29 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 84 tamen: nevertheless, however, 99 tandem: finally, at last, at length, in the end, 28 tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much, so large, 55 tempests, -ttis f.: weather; storm, 17 tempus, -poris n.: time, 31 terra, -ae f.: land, earth, 22 timor, -oris m.: fear, dread, anxiety, 15 trd, -dere, -did, -ditum: to give over, hand down, 20 tum: then, at that time, 73 ubi: where, when, 56 Ulixs, -is m.: Ulysses, 43 nus, -a, -um: one, 14 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 19 ut: as, just as, when (+ ind.); (so) that, in order that, 112 veni, -re, vn, ventus: come, go, 72 vide, vidre, vd, vsum: to see, 50 vinum, vin n.: wine, 16 vir, vir m.: man, male, 23 vs, (vs), f.: force, power, violence; pl. vrs, strength, 23 vol, velle, volu: will, wish, be willing, 22

127

128

Notes