ARUNAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

TIRUVANNAMALAI - 606603

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

1. Define charge. The total deficiency or addition of excess electrons in an atom is called its charge. Unit of charge: Coulomb Constant charge is denoted by letter Q and charge varying with time is denoted by q or q (t). 2. Define current. Movement of electrons is called current. It is also defined as flow of charges.

Movement of electrons always flow from negative to positive. Unit of current is Ampere. DC current: The current does not vary with time is called direct current. It is Denoted by I. AC current: The current varies with time is called alternating current. It is denoted by i (or)i(t). 3. Define potential difference. It is also called as voltage (or) electric potential. It is defined as the energy required to move the unit of charge from one point to other. It is also defined as the difference of electric potential between the two points of the conductor.

Unit of voltage is volt (or) C/J It is denoted by letter V. 4. Define Power. The rate of doing work is called power. Power P=VI C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai
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Unit of power is Watts (or) S/J .It is denoted by letter P. 5. Define Energy. The rate of doing work with time is called power. It is also called as the capacity to do the work. Unit of Energy is Watt-hour (or) Joules .It is denoted by letter E (or) W. 6. Define Inde pendent source. It is defined as the source voltage independent of current flowing through it and source current independent of voltage across it. It is indicated by circle with polarity of voltage and direction of current. It is also called as uncontrolled sources. Types of independent of sources (i)Voltage source (ii)Current source 7. Define Dependent sources. It is defined as the voltage source or current source depends on voltage or current elsewhere in the given circuit. It is indicated by diamond shape. It is also called as controlled sources. Types of Dependent of sources (i)Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS). (ii) Voltage controlled current source (VCCS). (iii) Current controlled current source (CCCS). (iv) Current controlled voltage source (CCVS). 8. Define ideal voltage source. The energy source which gives constant voltage across its terminals irrespective of the current flowing through its terminal is called ideal voltage source. At any time the value of voltage at load terminals remains same. 9. Define practical voltage source. Practical voltage source gas small amount of resistance (Rse) in series with voltage source
VL = VS I L Rse

Due to Rse, the voltage across load terminals decreases slightly with increase in current. 10. Define time invariant voltage source. The source in which voltage or current is not varying with time is called time invariant sources. It is also called as DC sources. It is denoted by capital letters. 11. Define time variant voltage source. The source in which voltage or current is varying with time is called time variant sources. It is also called as AC sources. It is denoted by small letters.

C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai

12. Define resistance. The property of opposition of flow of current is called resistance. Unit of resistance: ohm It is denoted by letter R. Power dissipated in resistor P=I2 R 13. Define inductance. The property of opposition of flow of change in current is called inductance. Unit of resistance: Henry It is denoted by letter L. Energy stored in the inductor E=Li2 /2 It stores the energy in the form of magnetic field. 14. Define capacitance. The property of opposition of flow of change in voltage is called capacitance. Unit of resistance: Farad It is denoted by letter C. Energy stored in the inductor E=CV2 /2 It stores the energy in the form of electrostatic field. 15. Define branch and node. Branch: It is a portion of a circuit with two terminal connected to it. A branch may contain one or more elements. Node: It is a junction of two or more branches. 16. Define mesh or loop. It is defined as a set of branches forming a closed path in a network. 17. Define active and passive elements. Active element: Active elements are the elements which supply power or energy to the network. Ex. Voltage source, current source Passive element: Passive elements are the elements which either store energy or dissipate energy in the form of heat. Ex. Capacitor and inductor=store the energy Resistor=dissipate the energy 18. Define lumped and distributed network. Lumped network: A network consisting of physically separable elements such as resistor, capacitor and inductor is known as lumped network. Ex.RLC network Distributed network: A network consisting of elements that are not separable for analytical purpose is known as distributed network. Ex. Transmission lines(R, L ad C is distributed along its length)

C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai

19. Define bilateral and unilateral network. Bilateral network: The voltage-currant relationship is same for current flowing in either direction is called bilateral network. Ex. R, L and C Unilateral network: The network has different relationships between voltage and current for the two possible directions of current. Ex: Diodes, vaccum tubes 20. Define linear and non-linear network. Linear network: The relationship between voltage and current is linear, then the network is called linear network. Ex: Resistance Non-Linear network: The network which does not satisfy the linear voltage current relationship is called non- linear network. Ex: Diodes, Zener Diodes. 21. State Ohms law. At constant temperature, the current flowing through the resistor is directly proportional to voltage across the resistor. V aI , V=IR

22. Write the limitations of ohms law. (i)It is not applicable to non- linear devices such as diodes, zener diodes and voltage regulators. (ii)It is not applicable for non metallic conductors. Ex. silicon carbide (iii)It is not applicable for arc lamps, electronic valves and electrolytes. 23. State Kirchoffs current law. It is also called as point law (or) Kirchoffs first law. It is defined as algebraic sum of currents meeting at any node is equal to zero. (Or) At any node, sum of incoming current is equal to sum of outgoing current Sign convention: Positive: current flowing towards junction. Negative: current flowing away from junction. 24. State Kirchoffs voltage law. It is also called as mesh law (or) loop law (or) Kirchoffs second law. It is defined as algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path is equal to zero. (Or) At any closed path, sum of voltage rise is equal to sum of voltage drop C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai
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Sign convention: Voltage rise: current flowing from ve to +ve terminal of battery. It must be taken as positive. Voltage drop: current flowing from +ve to -ve terminal of battery. It must be taken as negative. 25. Write the characteristics of series connection of resistances. (i)Same current flows through each resistance. (ii)Supply voltage V is the sum of individual voltage drops across each resistance.
V = V1 + V2 + V3

(iii)Equivalent resistance is equal to sum of individual resistance.

(iv) Equivalent resistance is the largest of all individual resistance. Re q > R1,R2,R3 Ex. Decoration lamps. 26. Write the drawbacks of series connection of resistances. (i)Any break in the one part of the circuit will break the current flow through the rest of the circuit. (ii)Current ratings of all electrical appliances are not same. So they are not connected in series. (iii)Voltages are additive. So it is not suitable for practical lighting loads. 27. Write the characteristics of parallel connection of resistances. (i)Same voltage appears across each resistance. (ii)Total current I is the sum of currents through each resistance.
I I1 I2 I3

(iii)Reciprocal of equivalent resistance is equal to sum of reciprocal of individual resistance.

(iv) Equivalent resistance is the largest of all individual resistance. ReqR1 ,R2 ,R3 Ex. Residential wiring. ADDITIONAL UNIV QUESTIONS 2 MARKS 1. State Ohms law and its limitations. 2. State Kirchhoffs law. 3. Derive the equation for equivalent resistance of number of resistors connected in parallel. 4. What is meant by electric energy? 5. Distinguish between power and energy. 6. What are lumped circuits? 7. What is meant by electric power? Give different forms of expression for electric power. 8. Draw power triangle. 9. Define time period and frequency of an alternating quantity. 10. Explain the terms (a) instantaneous value and (b) average value for an ac signal. 11. Draw sinusoidal, saw tooth and half- rectified sinusoidal waveforms. 12. Define form factor and peak factor. 13. Define power factor. 14. Give the advantages of phase system. C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai
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15. Distinguish between apparent power and true power. 16. Mention the 2 types of wattmeter. 17. Name the coils in the wattmeter. 18. What are the advantages and disadvantages of MI instruments? PART B 1. (i) State and explain Kirchoffs law. (8) (ii)Explain the working of a Dynamometer wattmeter with a diagram (8) 2. Define (i) RMS Value (16) (ii)Average Value (iii)Instantaneous Value (iv)Real power (v)Apparent power (vi)Reactive power (vii)Frequency (viii)Balanced three phase circuit 3. Name the instrument used for measuring the electrical power consumed during a specific period. Discuss its principle of operation with suitable diagram. (16) 4. (i)A series circuit has R=10, L=50mH, and C=100F and is supplied with 200V, 50Hz. Find (i) Impedance (ii) current (iii) power (iv) power factor (v) voltage drop across the each element. (8) 5. (ii)Derive the equation for equivalent resistance of number of resistors connected in parallel. (8) 6. Illustrate with a neat diagram, the construction and operation of a per manent magnet moving coil. How could it be modified for use as (i) ammeter (ii) voltmeter (16) 7. 400V is applied to three star connected identical impedances each consisting of a 40 resistance in series with 3 inductance reactance. Find (i) line current (ii) Total power supplied (16) 8. Find the current through each branch by network reduction technique. (16) 9. Calculate a) the equivalent resistances across the terminals of the supply, b) total current supplied by the source and c) power delivered to 16 ohm resistor in the circuit shown in figure. (16) 10. In the circuit shown, determine the current through the 2 ohm resistor and the total current delivered by the battery. Use Kirchhoffs laws. (16) 11. (i) In the network shown below, find the current delivered by the battery. (10) (ii) Discuss about voltage and current division principles. (6) 12. Find the current through branch a-b using mesh analysis shown in figure below. (8) 13. Find the nodal voltages in the circuit of figure. (16) 14.Using Mesh analysis, find current through 4 ohm resistor. (16)

C.Kannan.ME., Asst.Prof/EEE/Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai