Final Project C - Adidas Group
Final Project C - Adidas Group
Final Project C - Adidas Group
Project C
Marketing Management Business Law
Teachers: Lena and Sussane
Prepared by: Binita, Ali, Anastasija, Waqar and Gurudatta (Rabi) Mec 2v3, Intl Marketing Management
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Table of Content
Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Problem Formulation-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Market Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 SWOT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Consumer buying behavior-----------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Distribution-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Competition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Segmentation strategy-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Target markets--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Positioning------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Marketing Mix-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Product----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Price -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Promotion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Place-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Business Law---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
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A short Introduction Adidas is a German sports apparel manufacturer and part of the Adidas Group, which consists of Reebok sportswear company. Besides sports footwear, the company also produces other products such as bags, shirts, and other sports and clothing related goods. The company is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and the second largest sportswear manufacturer in the world. The company's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas's current official logo. The company revenue for 2008 was listed at 10.799 billion and the 2007 figure was listed at 10.299 billion, or about US$15.6 billion. Problem Formulation How can Adidas shoes increase its demand and market share in Danish Market?
Market Analysis Denmark's market economy features efficient markets, above average European living standards, and high amount of free trade. Denmark has a GDPper capita higher than that of most European countries, and 15-20% higher than that of the United States. Denmark is one of the most competitive economies in the world according to World Economic Forum 2008 report, IMD, and The Economist. According to World Bank Group, Denmark has the most flexible labor market in Europe. It is easy to hire, fire, and find a job. According to rankings by OECD, Denmark has the most freefinancial markets in EU-15 and also one of the most free product markets, owning to liberalisation in the 1990s. Around 2.9 million residents are in the labor market. The proportion of tertiary degree holders is one of the highest. GDP per hour worked was the 10th highest in 2006 and unemployment at 2.3 percent. Denmark has a company tax rate of 25% and a special time limited tax regime for expatriates. Denmark is home to many multinational companies, among them: A. P. Moller-Maersk Group, (Maersk international shipping), Danfoss (Heating & Cooling), Lego (children's toys), Bang &Olufsen (hi-fi equipment),and Carlsberg. The market for branded consumer goods is rapidly increasing in Denmark.Denmark is not a huge market but it is an attractive place for business. The development of Denmark into a modern market economy has gone much faster. A liberal and market controlled economy has open up for international competition.
SWOT Analysis of adidas shoes in Danish market Strengths Adidas is a biggest sponsor of athletics, running, basketball, soccer and more. It has strong management team, strong brand recognition and reputation. Diversity and variety in products offered on the web (footwear, apparel,
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sporting equipment, etc.). It has strong control over its own distribution channel. In Denmark, adidas has no bad reputation like child labor or environment pollution. In the Soccer industry, Adidas has a stronghold Weaknesses Adidas has premium prices. So everybody cannot afford its premium products. Adidas has very limited service in e-commerce. It is only limited to USA. Adidas has getting conflicts with its own resellers because of its direct sales.It is not helping ecommerce service. Small market share in Danmark (only one shop). Opportunities Adidas by Stella McCartney is to increase female participation in atheletics. It has been collaborating with other online retailers to offer Adidas products. Adidas has possibility of outsourcing the web development and ecommerce to a third party developer. Threats Nike is the biggest competitor and has strong reputation in the footwear and apparel industry. Increasing in the Price of Raw materials is the challenges of Adidas to expand its market share. Continuing challenges in import/export duties are also challenging for Adidas. Consumers Buying behavior Consumer segments The Danish climate with cold wet winters and relatively warm summers influences the footwear market profoundly. Different types of shoes are needed for the different seasons. Sandals for the summer months and warm boots for the winter are needed in addition to rubber boots and shoes for the spring and autumn season. The market can be divided into the following consumer segments: Mens shoes, womens shoes, sports shoes and footwear for children. Most men and women have a selection of shoes fit for the different seasons as well as for different occasions, work, leisure, sports etc. However, one consumer segment- primarily young people - tend to prefer to wear sports shoes all year round. Generally speaking Danish consumers are quality-conscious when it comes to footwear. Although price is an important aspect, cheap footwear - if of a low quality - will be difficult to sell. So that adidas should aware of it. Most parents place great importance on selecting footwear for their children. The design must be foot shaped and of high quality and most parents are willing to pay a very high price to ensure this. So that design phase is really important. Children will normally get a full set of footwear each year to fit their growing feet. Adidas has to be demand derive. There is a segment of consumers who are very fashion and brand conscious and who are willing to pay high prices for the best and most fashionable design. This segment however is relatively small. Most foot-wear sold are of middle to upper price and quality. So adidas should come up with comfort, new design and modern lifestyle. The maintenance of footwear- for instant soling - is very expensive due to the high labour costs. Therefore people will often dispose of medium price/quality shoes when soling is needed, instead of spending maybe 1/3 of the price of a new pair of shoes on soling.
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Danish people tend to have rather large and broad feet, and normally designs aimed at consumers elsewhere in the world will have to be adopted or modified, not only in relation to the look but also in relation to the size, in order to suit the market. In oder to get more market share in Danish market, adidas should come up with large and broad feet size, specially should be focus for Danish people. Danish consumers make many buying decisions every day. Mostly large companies do extensive research on consumer buying decision, to answer questions like what kind of shoes does consumer buy, where they buy, how they buy, how much they buy, when they buy and why do they buy a product, for this question to reorganize the decision different stages needed they are, information search, and evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post purchase decision etc., The consumer passes through all five stages with shoes purchase, but in more routine purchases, consumers often skip or reverse some of these stages. The buying process starts with need recognition, where as buyer recognize the need.
The consumers are searching the information from the various sources those are information search, personal source, commercial sources, public sources and experimental sources; this is also process of the buying decision process before purchase of the product.
The consumers evaluate all the alternatives available to them to arrive at a brand choice. The consumer will see the product as a bundle of attributes with varying capacities, which satisfies his or her needs. In the evaluation stage, the consumer ranks all the brands and makes a purchase intention. Generally the consumer purchase decision is to buy the most preferred brand, when purchasing a products, consumer will think about two things, which can be, purchase decision and purchase intention. The buyers job does not end when the shoes is bought. After purchasing the shoes, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will be engaged in post purchase behavior.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MODELS Most early psychologists studied people who had psychological problems, but Maslow Hierarchy needs tells us about the needs of consumer behavior.
b. Hierarchy needs of consumer behavior model Maslow believes that people seek to fulfill five categories of needs. Maslows hierarchy of needs Maslows given the hierarchy needs for consumer behavior, before starting about the consumer behavior, the consumer needs are important; usually)
Fig No. 1 (Maslow hierarchy needs model
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every consumer have some hierarchy needs, they are; self actualization needs, esteem needs, belonging needs, safety and security needs and psychological needs . 1.The self actualization needs: The term actualization means that the intrinsic growth of what is already in the organism, or more accurately, of what the organism is called self actualization needs. Esteem needs: The term esteem means that need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment, for example one can travel in the bus, motor bike, and car respectively, depends on his/her financial position they can travel. Social needs: The social needs includes love of family or friends, for example, the boy loves his girl friend, the relationship between husband and wife, one child belongs to one family Safety needs: The safety might include living in an area away from threats. This level is more likely to be found in children as they have a greater need to feel safe. For example one wants to live safe and secure life in the society. Finally, always consumer wants to live a life, which is safe and secured. Physiological needs: It includes the very basic need air, warmth, food, sleep, stimulation and activity. People can die due to lack of biological needs and equilibrium common needs like food, water, oxygen and other common minimum needs are wanted for everyone to survive in the world. This is also a basic need of consumer.
Choice Criteria
Danish consumers have concern with quality and durability when they buy any product, especially foot wears. Comfort ability is also an important factor when buying shoes. Most of the consumers normally dont think about price when they are looking for a branded shoe. Because, they know only branded shoes are reliable and long-lasting. Young consumers in Denmark like upcoming fashions and new styles and do not hesitate to buy new products e.g. shoes, clothes, etc.
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market share expansion via a strong, consumer-driven product offering, a diversified distribution strategy, and visible and engaging communication initiatives.
Distribution
Adidas is continuously refining its distribution proposition, concentrating on two areas: expanding controlled space and improving retail relationships. Controlled space includes: own-retail business including e-commerce; mono-branded stores run by retail partners; shop-in-shops that Adidas establish with its key accounts; joint ventures with retail partners; co-branded stores with sports organizations or other brands. These formats provide Adidas with a high level of brand control, as Adidas either manage the stores itself (i.e. own retail) or work closely with partners (mono-branded stores, shop-in-shops, joint ventures, co-branded stores) to ensure the appropriate product offering and presentation at the point-of-sale. Brand control helps Adidas drive sales and profitability increases and expand market position. Adidas intend to generate at least 35% of Groups revenues through controlled space in the coming years.
Competition
The competition within the Sport shoes market in Denmark is tuff. Nike holds commanding percentage of sports footwear market in Denmark. But Adidas is getting closer and closer to it through its new style shoes, quality and competitive price. Nike and Adidas are two primary footwear companies in Denmark along with their competitors, Puma and Patrick who have adopted an online e-commerce strategy to increase their sales and product awareness. Most importantly, companies like Nike and Adidas have invested heavily into online brand building and image development. Attaining market share is important to Adidas. In order to maximize their market share, Adidas has placed a great importance in developing their branding and marketing strategies on the net through web appearance and user friendly functionalities such as ease of purchase, speed, and navigation.
Target Markets
There are four generic target marketing strategies: undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing, focused marketing and customized marketing. Adidas belongs to differentiated marketing. A differentiated target marketing strategy exploits difference between marketing segments by designing a specific marketing mix for each segment. One potential disadvantages of all differentiated compared to undifferentiated marketing strategy is the loss of cost economies. Adidas has adopted the differentiated market for their products as its products are characterized in age, gender and desire for image. Adidas is used by young adults and teenagers and for both male and female. Adidas
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Company is oriented in large and medium-sized companies. This product of company (shoes) will be sold in the specific target group and marketing mix will be created
Positioning
Successful positioning is often associated with product possessing favorable connotation in the minds of customers. Clarity positioning idea should be clear in terms of both target market and differential advantage. Consistency Adidas must have consistent message. Credibility the differential advantages that are chosen must be credible in the minds of the target consumers. Quality of products will be the biggest differential advantage at the same time being credible to the consumers. Competitiveness the differential advantage should have a competitive edge. It should offer something of value to the consumer that the competition is failing to supply. Its their daily wearing shoes (easy to wear, easy to choice and so on! I don know maybe fashionable???
Marketing Mix-4 Ps
Product
Product standard
To ensure product quality and consumer-safe products, all materials and product samples have to pass a rigid compliance process and are tested in accordance with standardised material and product testing specifications and procedures. The Adidas Group function Product Safety and Environmental Services was expanded to further strengthen the internal infrastructure and ensure the consistent application of physical, chemical product safety and conformity standards across all brands of the Adidas Group. This step was taken to roll out Group-wide product safety policies, to increase product checks and to engage more closely with the product teams on product safety issues.
Packaging
The packing of the Adidas products are differentiated. This is because of the conditions that are required in foreign countries such as language, legislation, culture and environment. Adidas uses local language in packing in exporting countries to make customers understand products features easily. Global sales and procurement require well-packaged products which can be transported over great distances and must withstand high relative humidity and extreme fluctuations in temperature. The volume and dimensions of Adidas product packaging undergo regular checks and optimization, and we always strive to use environmentally friendly packaging materials such as recycled paper.
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Quality
To ensure product quality and consumer-safe products, all materials and product samples have to pass a rigid compliance process and are tested in accordance with standardised material and product testing specifications and procedures. The adidas Group function Product Safety and Environmental Services was expanded to further strengthen the internal infrastructure and ensure the consistent application of physical, chemical product safety and conformity standards across all brands of the adidas Group. This step was taken to roll out Groupwide product safety policies, to increase product checks and to engage more closely with the product teams on product safety issues.
Price
The pricing policy that a business chooses is often a reflection of the market at which it is aiming. The prices of all goods will also vary over time as market conditions alter and marketing objectives change from, say launching a new product to maximizing profit from it. When a business does have scope to set its price, there are a number of pricing strategies and policies it might choose: Driving Premium Price Points We offer the vast majority of our footwear, apparel and hardware products at high- and mid-level price points. Our goal is to strengthen both our brands market position and revenues by driving continuous growth in average selling prices and increasing profitability. In case of strong promotional activities at retail, we proactively take steps to protect the image of the Adidas brand, and are prepared to give up short-term revenue opportunities as necessary to preserve our long-term market position. Cost plus pricing This involves calculating the cost of producing each unit of output, and then adding a mark-up for profit. For example, if Adidas produced 10 000 units of a shoe costing 20 000, the average cost would be 2. A 10% profit mark-up would mean that units would be priced for sale at 2.20 each. Retailers often use this method of pricing. The advantage of this method is that it is a quick and simple way of setting a selling price. It also ensures that sales revenue will cover total costs and generate profit. Skimming or creaming This pricing strategy is often used when there is little competition in a market. It involves charging a high price for a new product to yield a high initial profit from consumers who are willing to pay extra because the product is new and unique. As competitors enter the market, prices are reduced to encourage the market to expand. This strategy is normally used in the video games market, e.g. when Playstation 2 was launched, it was the latest console on the market with the highest specifications on offer and new technology and so was set at a high price. However, now that the X-Box has been released and Nintendos console is being released in May, Sony will reduce their prices to expand and attract more customers to buy the product. Although this is a good strategy to gain high sales revenue at the start, I dont think that it will be good for the Adidas, because of current competition. If we set the price of the Adidas shoes very high on its introduction stage, then customers will simply buy alternatives such as Nike or the Puma. Penetrating the market. A business may set its price in order to gain a footing in a market. It involves pricing a product at a low level so that retailers and consumers are encouraged to purchase the product in large quantities. I would definitely use this pricing strategy for the Adidas, as it will offer customers extremely good value for money.
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Although it is a high-risk, high-cost strategy, we have found from the questionnaire we carried out earlier in the project, that price is a very important factor when customers are deciding which console to purchase. However, because the market that we are in is very competitive, a price war will inevitably break out amongst us, Nike and Puma for dominance in the market. Any rise in sales from low prices or price cuts may be short-lived, as rival firms slash prices in an attempt to retain their market shares. It is often said that only the consumer wins in a price war, but this is usually only temporarily. Demand oriented price setting The price for not have to be lay down by the costs. Many companies among Adidas chose to lay down their prices after the demand seen as relation to the target group. Adidas know they can take a high price for their shoes when the consumers are willing to pay extra for the design and the brand. The demand oriented price setting can be divided into 2 variant
Promotion
Promotion involves providing information to consumers about products through a variety of media, and attempting to influence buying decisions by stressing certain features. Influence may become persuasion when firms attempt to stress product features, which may be more imaginary than real. For example, the image on the Adidas adverts that seem to convey the image that you can do anything with Nike shoes. This image is also supported by the slogan Impossible Is Nothing. Businesses often refer to promotion above the line and below the line. However, customers are more subject to promotion above the line. Above the line promotion aims at mass markets through independent media such as TV, radio, newspapers and presses advertising. These allow a business to reach a wide audience easily. Most advertising is carried out above the line. Below-the-line promotion refers to the use of media over which the producing firms have more control, allowing them to target their products more closely at particular customers. Examples include exhibitions, packaging, and in-store sales promotions. Adidas uses almost all kinds of promotion forms to promote their shoes in every market. Advertising Impossible is Nothing is Adidas biggest brand advertising campaign in six years. The campaign, which integrates television, print and outdoor advertising, point-of-sale and Internet, started in the US and have been launched in Europe later. It has been developed by Adidas global advertising agency 180/TBWA. The fullyintegrated communication campaign shows the rich stable of Adidas athletes past and present starting with the greatest of all time, boxing legend Muhammad Ali, long-distance runner HaileGebrselassie, football icon David Beckham and NBA star Tracy McGrady, who challenge the impossible by taking risks, setting new records, changing conventions. The campaign features 22 athletes in total, from various sports and regions, showcasing adidas unrivaled broad involvement in sports and unique relationships with athletes. Adidas in Denmark need to concentrate on their advertising in outdoor- and printed advertising. Mobile Marketing Strategy We have demonstrated that the opportunity for brands to reach and influence consumers via mobile is signigicant. We concede that the mobile advertising industry is in its infancy and we agree that there are obstacles that must be overcome before it can become a mainstream advertising medium, but Adidas is increasing brand equity through mobile media now; Adidas learning fast and potentially leapfrogging its competitors. This opportunity must however be shaped through the development of a coherent mobile marketing strategy that is fully
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integrated with its brands primary marketing strategy and clearly supports its business objectives by demonstrating unquestionable ROI. Sales promotion The sales promotion is used with other forms of promotion to increase the sales volume of the company. In this way Adidas can create a clear effect of the promotion contribution in Denmark. Compared to Adidas the sales promotion activities will be events and exhibitions of their products on places where it is known that the target group will be. Branding This is a way of establishing an identity for a product in order to distinguish it from the competition. Successful branding ads value to an item and ensure brand loyalty, e.g. people will only buy sports shoes made by Adidas due to the history they have had in the sport shoes industry and the shoes that are exclusive to the product. With the slogan, Impossible is nothing. Branding the product with the company name in front make it easier for consumers to relate the product to the company and enable products to be more readily accepted by consumers if they already trust and are a follower of the existing brand. Public relations This attempts to communicate with groups that form a firms public. Such groups may include the government, shareholders, employees and customers. This, if used carefully, can increase the sales of the product by improving the image of the Adidas and its products. Businesses often use press conferences to attract publicity. These might involve inviting journalists to a company presentation, where they are given information. This is an opportunity for a business to launch a new or updated product. Sponsorship is especially popular in the sporting world, with Nike and Adidas becoming well known due to their sponsorships with sport and in particular, football and the World Cup. This type of public relation would be very useful for increasing awareness of our product and also in persuading the audience to buy the product. For example, if we attach our name Adidas to a big event that attracts a vast amount of people such as the World Cup, the Olympic Games and so on, people might start to relate the event with the sponsor. Place Shopping is a leisure activity for more and more Danish people. Especially young city-dwellers with high incomes enjoy looking through boutiques, shopping centers, and supermarkets. Brand-name products are in high favor with consumers. This largely depends on the location and distribution of product on the market When a company chose a form of distribution you have to take into considerationdifferent factors: factors in the distribution, intern factors and customer factors. Selective distribution The most used distribution strategy by Adidas in Denmark and on several of the export markets. This strategy focuses on sale through a smaller number of chosen dealers in a particular geographical area. Adidas here take use of the SIS-draft and the multiband-stores Distributions forms There are several of different distribution forms, all depends if the company has the production in the home country or in the foreign countries. As Adidas has the production in the home country it gives the opportunity to indirect distribution or direct distribution
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Indirect distribution With this distribution form the Danish company sells the products to other companies in Denmark. These companies overtake the products, which thereafter is sold to export markets. With this form of distribution you will find business export, export agents the concept Piggy backing. Adidas do not take use of any of these forms of distribution. Direct distribution With this distribution form you will find business imports, sales agents, dealers, own dealers, sales daughter companies, export co-operation and sale direct to the consumer. Adidas here take use of the dealers and sales daughter companies1 . The deals are as mentioned SIS-concept stores plus the multi brand stores. The sales daughter companies create B1 stores on the markets and take care of the staff in these and in the SIS and the multi brand-stores are well educated inside Adidas product assortment.
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The Adidas Company should comply to increase its sales in Danish market by verities in products; alternatives choose options, discount coupons and promotions, discount offers, and increase its sales retailers, decentralization. Adidas need to promote its shoes by positive sales promotion in country. Adidas can give special offers to its customers, which should be lawful.
Advertising identification According to the Section 8, Marketing directed at children and young people shall be framed with specific reference to their natural credulity and lack of experience and critical sense, as a result of which they are readily influenced and easy to impress.(2) Marketing directed at children and young people must not directly or indirectly incite them to violence, use of intoxicants (including alcohol) or other dangerous or inconsiderate behavior, nor make unwarrantable use of violence, fear or superstition in order to influence them. Adidas Company has not been violating the Danish marketing act. Comparative advertisements for Adidas are lawful if they meet a number of requirements.
Guarantees
According to section 12of the Danish marketing Act, Adidas must provide the guarantee which should clearly inform the consumer about products fact, especially what the guarantee covers and for how long it valid. Adidas is providing 1 year guarantee on all products to it customers in Denmark. If product is defective during this period, Adidas liable to give money back or replace the product. Draws and prize competitions According to section 11, No attempt may be made to promote the sale of products or services by means of possible winnings through participation in a draw, prize competition or other form of arrangement whose outcome depends wholly or partly on chance, if participation depends on a purchase.(2) Subsection 1 does not apply if the amount of the individual prize and the overall winnings value is within limits laid down by the Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs. Such amount limits may be determined by product and recipient types.(3) The publisher of a periodical may arrange draws for the distribution of winnings in connection with the solving of prize competitions. Adidas should prompt its sales through draws and prize competitions. Conclusion As a global organization, Adidas target leading market positions in all regions where they compete. In Denmark, where Nike is the market leader in terms of sales, its strategy is twofold. First, we continue to strengthen our position in the Danish markets and strive to grow our brands through well-coordinated efforts with key account partners. Secondly, Adidas is capitalizing on the strong growth opportunities in the regions emerging markets. Because of the tuff competition from the Nike and Puma, Adidas has to replace their strategy. They are now focusing on making new style shoes, characterize of attractive design and competitive price. Nike is the market leader in sports shoes in Denmark. As we know in quality Adidas is not behind to its competitors. Nike is spending more money on promotion than any other company. Adidas should also increase its advertisement budget to compete with its major competitor to become market leader in Denmark.
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On the other hand Adidas can increase the demand and profit of the Company by doing effective marketing in Danish market while obeying Danish business Law.
References: Principles and practice of marketing (David Jobber) An Introduction to Danish Law (Ana, Ulla, Leif) Marketing management (a relationship approach) (Svend Hollensen) www.adidas.com / www.adidas.dk www.google.com www.forburg.dk/english
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