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    Indian Agriculture

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    Nikhil Narvekar
    The document discusses the history and current state of Indian agriculture. It notes that India is a major global producer of tea, spices, fruits and vegetables. However, Indian agriculture also faces issues like declining contribution to GDP, a large dependent population, small landholdings, and low productivity. The poultry industry in India has grown rapidly in recent decades and now accounts for 2% of India's GDP, producing over 37 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers annually. The future of the poultry industry in India is seen as bright.

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    Indian Agriculture

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Narvekar
    78 views26 pages
    The document discusses the history and current state of Indian agriculture. It notes that India is a major global producer of tea, spices, fruits and vegetables. However, Indian agriculture also faces issues like declining contribution to GDP, a large dependent population, small landholdings, and low productivity. The poultry industry in India has grown rapidly in recent decades and now accounts for 2% of India's GDP, producing over 37 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers annually. The future of the poultry industry in India is seen as bright.

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    The document discusses the history and current state of Indian agriculture. It notes that India is a major global producer of tea, spices, fruits and vegetables. However, Indian agriculture also faces issues like declining contribution to GDP, a large dependent population, small landholdings, and low productivity. The poultry industry in India has grown rapidly in recent decades and now accounts for 2% of India's GDP, producing over 37 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers annually. The future of the poultry industry in India is seen as bright.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views26 pages

    Indian Agriculture

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Narvekar
    The document discusses the history and current state of Indian agriculture. It notes that India is a major global producer of tea, spices, fruits and vegetables. However, Indian agriculture also faces issues like declining contribution to GDP, a large dependent population, small landholdings, and low productivity. The poultry industry in India has grown rapidly in recent decades and now accounts for 2% of India's GDP, producing over 37 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers annually. The future of the poultry industry in India is seen as bright.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 26

    Indian Agriculture

    History
    Colonial / Zamindari System Food-deficient Share-cropping, landless / marginal farmers Land Reforms Monsoon-dependent Green Revolution - Wheat: 800% increase during 1950-90 - Rice: 350% increase during 1950-90

    Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd.

    TIME
    . . .

    We are the
    Largest producer of Tea, Black Pepper, Cashewnuts, Pulses, Jute, and milk. Second largest producer of fruits, vegetables sugarcane and sugar in the world. Fourth largest producer of Eggs Largest population of buffaloes in the world Largest exporter of Rice

    Indian Agriculture
    Key Issues..1
    Declining % contribution to GDP High % of dependent population Small land holding Share-cropping, landless / marginal farmers

    Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd.

    TIME
    . . .

    Indian Agriculture Contribution to GDP


    1995
    25% 47%

    2005
    20%

    54% 26%

    28%
    Agriculture Manufacturing Services
    Agriculture Manufacturing Services

    Shrinking Pie of Agriculture

    Population Dependence
    1995
    23%

    2005
    28%

    15%

    62%

    60% 12%

    Agriculture Manufacturing Services

    Agriculture Manufacturing Services

    Marginal Reduction in dependence on Agriculture due to migration of labour to urban areas

    Distribution of Land Holdings


    % of Total Land Holdings & Net Cultivated Area
    Marginal (<1 ha) Small (1-2 ha) Semi-medium ( 2-4 ha ) Medium ( 4-10 ha ) Large ( > 10 ha ) - 70 (22) - 16 (15) - 9 (24) - 4 (24) - 1 (15)

    Average land holding: 1.06 ha 41% of the cultivated area is under share-cropping.
    Source: NSSO

    Low Economies of Scale

    Indian Agriculture
    Crops
    Foodgrains: Slow growth ( 190-210 MT ) Rabi: Wheat, Maize, Rapeseed, Sunflower, Rice Kharif: Rice, Cotton, Pulses, Jute, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Coarse cereals Multi-cropping / Inter-cropping Crop rotation

    Indian Agriculture
    Low growth in Foodgrains Production
    220 210 200 190 180 170 160 94-95 97-98 '00-01
    in Mln MT

    '03-04

    '05-06

    Indian Agriculture
    Land Productivity Land productivity or yield / hectare is much lower than other countries ( 2800 kg / ha )
    Small land holding low scale economies Poor knowledge of farmer Lack of irrigation Lack of finance / credit availability Disparity amongst states

    Issues in Indian Agriculture


    Land Productivity..2
    Lack of soil testing / enriching Nutrient Deficiency ( low fertilizer usage / ha ) Unscientific use of fertilizers - macro-nutrients imbalance ( 4:2:1::N:P:K ) - micro-nutrients: low usage of Zinc, Magnesium Use of Organic Resources
    - crop residue, - compost, - bio-fertilizers, e.g., Rhizobium & Azatobacter etc.

    Source: www.pnbkrishi.com

    Issues in Indian Agriculture


    Nutrient Deficiency
    Nutrient
    Nitrogen Phosphoprus Potassium Sulphur Magnesium Zinc Boron

    Soil fertility status


    Low in 228 districts, medium in 118, high in 18 districts Low in 170 districts, medium in 184, high in 17 districts Low in 47 districts, medium in 192, high in 17 districts Deficiencies encountered in 100 districts Kerala, other southern and northeastern states, very acid soils 49% of the soil is deficient Deficient in parts of Bihar, Karnataka, west Bengal

    Issues in Indian Agriculture


    Tax on Agricultural Income Income-tax on Agricultural income Rich vs. poor farmers Taxing revenue vs. profit Loopholes in current system Income from non-foodgrain agriculture

    Indian Agriculture
    Issues in Indian Agriculture Low knowledge / ability to get good prices post-harvesting Lack of holding capabilities / storage space for the produce Power of unscrupulous middlemen Partial employment of farmers Droughts & Floods

    Indian Agriculture
    Commercial Issues
    Pricing of food-grains & other agri-produce PDS & role it pays MSP Do we need it? Can India export food-grains / agri-products? Credit organisations: NABARD, RRBs, Micro-finance organisations Credit how to reach it to farmers in time? Subsidies: FertiIizers, MSP, Diesel, Electricity, Seeds etc. NPAs in agri loans Antiquated laws ( APMC act )

    Indian Agriculture
    Technical Issues
    Hybrids vs. cross-breeds Cloning GM Crops Nutrition & Diseases Farm Mechanisation Chemical vs. bio-fertlizers - eutrophication Bio-degradable pesticides

    Indian Agriculture
    Possible Solutions...1
    Micro-credit ( Bangladesh Grameen Bank ) Co-operatives: AMUL etc. Agri-processing for value addition / reduce perishability Cold chain to extend shelf life Superior Marketing / branding of agri-brands: Basmati, Darjeeling Tea, Alphonso Mangoes etc. Leverage unique strengths of Indian Produce: Spices, Organic farming, specialty crops

    Indian Agriculture
    Possible Solutions..2
    Supplementary income to farmer - Animal Husbandry: dairy, poultry, fishery - Cottage sector units IT initiatives: e-chaupal River-linking / canal systems: Improved irrigation coverage Bio-degradable pesticides

    Indian Agriculture
    Possible Solutions..3
    High-yielding, pest-resistant, low cycle-time seeds Floriculture Exotic Crops for export: Zucchini, Mushrooms, Snow-capped peas, Vanilla etc. Govt. Initiatives: Kisan Credit Cards, Farm Insurance are they serving the purpose? GM Crops ( BT Cotton )?

    IT Initiatives
    ITCs e-chaupal
    Eliminating middlemen Fair prices Prompt payment Better information 31,000 villages covered by 2006

    Other Initiatives
    Other initiatives
    EID Parry initiative ( www.indiagriline.com ) Gyandoot Project, Dhar ( www.gyandoot.net ) Ralegaon Siddhi Anna Hazare Churah Valley Flowers Co-operative, HP -Jagdish Chander ( TOI Delhi 16th Jan 07 ) Tarun Bharat Sangh Rajendra Singh water management through small check dams Chauka Model of check dams Laxman Singh ( TOI Delhi 18th Jan 07 )

    Indian Agriculture
    Agro-processing Industry Cane vs. Sugar + molasses-based units Gasohol Vegetables Fruits Jute / Cotton - Textiles Oilseeds / Oil Refining Oils for Industrial Applications Bio-diesel

    Rural India: Non-agri Opportunities


    Green, White, Yellow & Blue Revolutions Dairy Industry Poultry Fisheries / Aquaculture Sericulture Meat processing Cottage Industry in villages

    Rural India: Issues


    Infrastructure
    - Sanitation - Power - Drinking Water - Roads - Healthcare

    Unemployment / Partial employment Low Literacy Poverty Strong caste barriers

    Important Persons / Issues


    Sundarlal Bahuguna / Chandi Prasad Bhatt Chipko Medha Patkar Narmada Bachao Andolan Dr V Kurien / Amrita Patel - AMUL Anna Hazare - Ralegaon Siddhi Baba Amte & Lepers Anandvan Rajendra Singh Tarun Bharat Sangh Ramon Magsaysay Awards Small dams vs. big dams Erosion of Green Cover De-forestation NREP NGOs like SEWA

    Key Organisations / Websites


    FAO ( www.fao.org ) GOI Ministries - Agriculture & C-operation ( www.agricoop.nic.in ) - Rural Development ( www.rural.nic.in ) NAFED ( www.nafed-india.com ) Dairy Industry ( www.indiandairy.com ) FCI ( www.fciweb.nic.in ) www.indiaagronet.com www.grameen-info.org www.apeda.com www.nabard.org www.farmsubsidy.com www.echaupal.com www.rmaf.org.ph

    Poultry Industry
    Tuesday, September 28, 2004, The Tribune, Chandigarh Future of poultry in India bright : PAU scientists Tribune News Service Ludhiana, September 27 With annual output of 37 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers, which yield 5.75 lakh tonnes of poultry meat, India is the fourth highest producer of eggs and eighth highest producer of broilers in the world. The poultry sector accounts for about 2 per cent of the GDP of India and about 10 per cent of total GNP attributable to livestock. Poultry industry has made great progress after Independence. It has grown rapidly at the rate of 4-6 per cent in layers and 8-10 per cent in broilers in the past two decades, while the output of crops is going up at the rate of 1.5-2.0 per cent and is now a Rs 65 billion mega industry providing employment to 1.6 million people.

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