RP 30-11 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYMBOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING PLANT

October 1996

Copyright The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.

Copyright The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.

All rights reserved. The information contained in this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement or contract under which the document was supplied to the recipient's organisation. None of the information contained in this document shall be disclosed outside the recipient's own organisation without the prior written permission of Manager, Standards, BP International Limited, unless the terms of such agreement or contract expressly allow.

BP GROUP RECOMMENDED PRACTICES AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR ENGINEERING Doc. No.

RP 30-11

Issue Date Latest Amendment Date

October 1996

Document Title

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYMBOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING PLANT

APPLICABILITY Business Applicability: Regional Applicability: SCOPE AND PURPOSE This Recommended Practice describes the design document for instrumentation and control used in chemical processing plant. In addition, it describes the symbology to be used in the preparation of instrumentation and control drawings. It gives examples of the documents and of the use of the symbology. The scope of this Recommended Practice does not include detailed construction drawings. The requirement for specific design documents for key equipment and systems will be specified in the relevant BP Group Recommended Practices. This Recommended Practice shall apply to all new works, including re-instrumentation projects. It shall apply to Vendor supplied packaged equipment.

BP Chemicals International

AMENDMENTS Amd Date Page(s) Description _________________________________________________________________

CUSTODIAN (See Quarterly Status List for Contact)

Chemical Engineering
Issued by:Engineering Practices Group, BP International Limited, Research & Engineering Centre Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LN, UNITED KINGDOM Tel: +44 1932 76 4067 Fax: +44 1932 76 4077 Telex: 296041

CONTENTS Section Page

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................... iii 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Structure ............................................................................................................. 1 2. LEVEL 1 DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................. 3 2.1 P&ID ................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 P&ID Symbology ................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Instrument Numbering System ............................................................................. 5 3. LEVEL 2 DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................. 6 3.1 Continuous Control ............................................................................................. 6 3.2 Sequence Control ................................................................................................ 7 3.3 Logic .............................................................................................................. 15 4. LEVEL 3 DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................... 16 4.1 Loop Diagrams.................................................................................................. 16 4.2 Instrument Process Hook-Ups ........................................................................... 17 4.3 Instrument Index................................................................................................ 17 4.4 Functional Design Specification (System Design Specification) .......................... 18 5. INTEGRATED DESIGN SYSTEMS ................................................................... 19 FIGURE 1 ................................................................................................................... 20 HIERARCHY OF DOCUMENTATION................................................................. 20 FIGURE 2A................................................................................................................. 21 INSTRUMENT SYMBOLOGY FOR P&ID........................................................... 21 FIGURE 2B................................................................................................................. 22 EXAMPLE OF AN INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM ...................................... 22 FIGURE 3 ................................................................................................................... 23 EXAMPLE OF SAMA DIAGRAM FOR CONTINUOUS CONTROL ................... 23 FIGURE 4 ................................................................................................................... 24

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EXAMPLE OF A CONTINUOUS FLOW CONTROL CHART ............................. 24 FIGURE 5 ................................................................................................................... 25 EXAMPLE OF A BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CONTINUOUS CONTROL ............. 25 FIGURE 6 ................................................................................................................... 26 EXAMPLE OF A FLOW CHART FOR A SEQUENCE ......................................... 26 FIGURE 7 ................................................................................................................... 27 EXAMPLE OF SEQUENTIAL FUNCTION CHART ............................................ 27 FIGURE 8 ................................................................................................................... 28 EXAMPLE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT CHART .................................................... 28 FIGURE 9 ................................................................................................................... 29 EXAMPLE OF FLOW DIAGRAM FOR LOGIC.................................................... 29 FIGURE 10.................................................................................................................. 30 EXAMPLE OF LOGIC DIAGRAM........................................................................ 30 FIGURE 11.................................................................................................................. 30 EXAMPLE OF AN INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM ...................................... 30 APPENDIX A.............................................................................................................. 31 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................. 31 APPENDIX B.............................................................................................................. 32 LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS............................................................... 32

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FOREWORD Introduction to BP Group Recommended Practice and Specifications for Engineering The Introductory volume contains a series of documents that provide an introduction to the BP Group Recommended Practices and Specifications for Engineering (RPSEs). In particular, the 'General Foreword' sets out the philosophy of the RPSEs. Other documents in the Introductory volume provide general guidance on using the RPSEs and background information to Engineering Standards in BP. There are also recommendations for specific definitions and requirements. Value of this Guidance for Specification This Recommended Practice prooses a methodology which defines all drawings and documents required to fully define the Instrumentation and Control aspects during the design phase of a project. Additionally it details a consistent symbology. Following the guidance in this Recommended Practice will ensure that all necessary data is captured and recorded in a logical and easily interpreted manner which is compatible with industry and International standards and which lends itself to electronic storage. Qualifications to Applicability This Guidance for Specification although a Group document has been prepared and developed by BP Chemicals and is specifically designed for use in Chemical Plants. Application Text in italics is Commentary. Commentary provides background information whch supports the requirements of the Specification, and may discuss alternative options. It also gives guidance on the implementation of any "Specification" or "Approval" actions; specific actions are indicated by an asterisk (*) preceding a paragraph number. This document may refer to certain local, national or international regulations but the responsibility to ensure compliance with legislation and any other statutory requirements lies with the user. The user should adapt or supplement this document to ensure compliance for the specific application. Feedback and Further Information Users are invited to feed back any comments and to detail experiences in the application of BP RPSE's, to assist in the process of their continuous improvement. For feedback and further information, please contact Standards Group, BP Engineering or the Custodian. See Quarterly Status List for contacts.

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1.

SCOPE AND PURPOSE 1.1 Scope This Recommended Practice describes the design document for instrumentation and control. In addition, it describes the symbology to be used in the preparation of instrumentation and control drawings. It gives examples of the documents and of the use of the symbology. The scope of this Recommended Practice does not include detailed construction drawings. The requirement for specific design documents for key equipment and systems will be specified in the relevant BP Group Recommended Practice. This Recommended Practice shall apply to all new works, including reinstrumentation projects. It shall apply to Vendor supplied packaged equipment. 1.2 Structure For the purposes of this Recommended Practice the design documents for the instrumentation and control are divided into a hierarchy with four levels, as shown in Figure 1 Generally each level of hierarchy should be developed in order as the project progresses. 1.2.1 Level 1 The level 1 drawing is the primary design drawing, the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID. 1.2.2 Level 2 The second level documents comprises those which provide details which cannot be shown on the P&ID and those which outline the design of software systems. The control details which cannot be shown on the P&ID are divided into, (a) Continuous Control
Examples of continuous control schemes include advanced control, optimisers, and supervisory control.

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(b)

Sequence Control
Sequence control comprises a combination of continuous control and discrete control for the dedicated control of a single plant unit.

(c)

Logic
The use of logic in control includes safety trips, operational interlocks and machinery control.

1.2.3

Level 3 The third level comprises key detailed design documents. (a) Loop Drawings
Loop drawings are required to allow the design review, loop checking, and maintenance to be carried out efficiently.

(b)

Process Hook Up Drawings

Process hook up drawings include the design of the process containment and therefore have safety implications.

(c)

Instrument Index
The instrument index is a document central to the design of the instrumentation and is required during the design, procurement, testing, handover and operational phases of a Project.

(d)

Control Systems' Functional Design Specifications

A document describing the functional design of control systems is prepared to summarise the key features and limitation of the system. It gives a high level, overall appreciation of the function of the system.

(e)

Other Documents
Other key design documents are prepared for equipment and systems where specified in other BP Group Recommended Practices or when specified by BP.

1.2.4

Level 4 Level 4 documents comprise detailed construction documents and drawings and are not covered by this Recommended Practice. These documents would normally include the following, however the actual requirements shall be agreed with BP on a Project Basis:

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 2.

Instrument Data Sheets Instrument Layouts Pneumatic hook ups Operating Manuals Spares Schedules Hazardous area certification Cable tray drawings Calibration certificates Quality assurance plans

Instrument Specifications Material take offs Software listings Maintenance Manuals Panel drawings Cable routings Termination drawings Junction box layouts Equipment specifications

LEVEL 1 DOCUMENTATION 2.1 P&ID The P&ID shall include sufficient detail of the instrumentation and control to allow a basic understanding of the plant control. All instruments connected to the process shall be shown and all instruments shall be identified by a tag number. 2.2 P&ID Symbology Instrument symbology for P&IDs shall be based on those given in ISA Standard, ISA S5.1, "Instrumentation Symbols and Identification". 2.2.1 Examples and an explanation of all symbols and identifying letters to be used in the P&ID shall be given in the notes that accompany the P&ID. These notes shall include the expansion of any simplified representations used in the P&IDs. The symbology used for the plant P&IDs shall be used in Vendor's P&IDs for packaged equipment. This shall apply to Vendor P&IDs including HVAC packages. A consistent policy shall be developed to identify those components which require identification by tag number on the P&ID.
Thermowells, orifice plates, I/P converters, need to be identified on the P&ID if it is clear to which loop they belong.

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

A consistent policy shall be developed to define the level of detail to be shown on the P&ID.
For example I/P converters for control valves and the square root extraction form orifice plate flow metering may be assumed and covered by a general note.

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2.2.5

The "Use of General Instrument or Function Symbols" given in the ISA Standard S5.1 shall be interpreted as follows. a) The "primary location normally accessible to the operator" shall mean the main control room. The "primary location not normally accessible to the operator" shall refer to back-of-panel instruments and as such shall not be used for DCS control.
Generally all DCS control is accessible either to the operator or to the engineer.

b)

c)

The "auxiliary location normally accessible to the operator" shall refer to local panels or auxiliary control rooms. "Shared display, shared control" shall refer to the DCS, or to PLCs equipped with an operator console. "Computer function" shall refer to supervisory computers or to supervisory control in the DCS. The use of the computer function in the DCS shall refer to a software program rather the configuration of standard control blocks. "Programmable logic control" shall refer to binary logic control and sequence control, either in a PLC or in the DCS.

d)

e)

f)

2.2.6

The dashed line electrical symbol is the preferred symbol and shall be applied consistently. Interlocks shall be identified with the use of a full sized diamond, the letter S shall refer to safety interlocks, and I to operational interlocks. Other letters may be used, for example B for burner control, however these shall be approved by BP. An expansion, showing all overrides, alarms, and status indications, with their numbering scheme shall be included in the notes accompanying the P&ID. A number may be included in the diamond to reference the interlock to a logic diagram or cause and effect chart. The use of such a reference number shall be agreed with BP. Alarms generated in the DCS shall be identified by letters outside the symbol as shown in the examples. The following letters shall be used, the use of any other method shall be approved by BP.

2.2.7

2.2.8

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H L Hd/dt Ld/dt D

High Alarm Low Alarm High rate of change alarm Low rate of change alarm Deviation alarm

2.2.9

The failure action of all valves shall be shown, either symbolically or by abbreviation. Special requirements for valve shut-off tightness shall also be shown. Instrument Numbering System The instrument numbering system shall be approved by BP and shall be follow the guidelines given in ISA Standard, ISA Standard S5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification". The system shall ensure that each instrument has a unique number. The maximum length of tag numbers which may be used in the DCS should be taken into account in the design of the numbering system. The chosen numbering system shall apply to packaged equipment. Blocks of tag numbers should be allocated to the packaged equipment Vendors to allow them to number their instrumentation.
In general, unless the plant is small, parallel numbering should be used. Consideration should be given to using sequences of numbers to identify plant areas or the function of the instrumentation, for example local and central, regulatory, supervisory and protective.

2.3 * 2.3.1

2.3.2 2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

Generally no attempt should be made to correlate the loop numbers with equipment numbers. Consideration should be given to leaving gaps in the numbering for future use. Suffixes should only be used either to identify multiple instruments in one loop eg. control valves or transmitters, or where there is spared equipment. Where both cases occur the suffix identifying the spared equipment shall be considered as part of the loop number. Only alphabetic suffixes may be used, numeric suffixes shall not be used. The use of multi point type numbers shall be avoided. Instruments in a DCS shall be identified as either an indicator or a controller, controllers need not be defined as indicating or recording, ;if trending is a standard feature of the DCS, ie. use TC not TIC or TRC.

2.3.6

2.3.7

2.3.8 2.3.9

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2.3.10

Advanced control schemes shall use the general tag identifier of UC. The tag number shall match the loop controlled by the scheme and may include the loop variable to provide a unique tag.
For example, the advanced control scheme providing a setpoint to FC200 shall be tagged UFC200.

2.3.11

Where a loop includes several computational blocks, a suffix shall be used to identify the different blocks. To avoid confusion, if there is an I/P converter in the loop, it shall be tagged without a suffix.
For example, a flow loop may include computational blocks, FY100A, FYI00B and FYIOOC and I/P converter FYIOO.

2.3.12

Solenoid valves shall inherit the loop number of the valve they control and shall include the letter S to differentiate them from I/P converters ie. I/P converter FY230; solenoid valve FSY230; control valve FV230. Shut-down valve, which are not used for control shall be identified as YV. The tag numbers for limit switches installed to indicate the position of a control valve may use the modifiers "O" and C' for open and closed, rather than ISA Standard S5.1 "H" and "L". Motor running indicators shall be tagged as follows; EL YL ML If the indicator is driven by voltage or where an auxiliary contact of the motor contactor is used. If the indicator is driven according to the status of the motor. If M is defined as monitoring state.

2.3.13

2.3.14

2.3.15

2.3.16

The user's choice letter "B" shall be used for ESD overrides.
For example the input override for TSHH100 shall be TBSH100 and the associated alarm shall be TBAHIOO. An output defeat for signal to solenoid valve TSY100 would be tagged as TBS100 for the switch and TBL for the override indication.

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3.

LEVEL 2 DOCUMENTATION 3.1 3.1.1 Continuous Control Representation Continuous control schemes which cannot be conveniently represented on the P&ID shall be described in one of three ways: SAMA diagrams, flow charts, or block diagrams. The method used shall be defined by BP and shall be applied consistently, including packaged equipment. The use of any other method shall be approved by BP. 3.1.2 SAMA Diagrams Continuous control schemes may be detailed using diagrams based on the Scientific Apparatus Makers Assodadon, (SAMA), Standard RC2211-1966, "Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control Systems".
An example of the use of this method is given in Figure 3.

3.1.3

Flow charts Flow charts shall be based on ISO 5807-1985, "Information Processing - Documentation Symbols and Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network Charts and System Resources Charts".
An example of a flow chart is given in Figure 4.

3.1.4

Block Diagram Block diagrams shall be based on ISA Standard S5.1, "Instrumentation Symbols and Identification".
An example block diagram is given in Figure 5.

3.2

Sequence Control Sequence controls cannot be conveniently represented on the P&ID. They shall be described in one of three ways: structured English, flow charts, or sequential function charts. The method used shall be defined by BP and shall be applied consistently, induding packaged equipment. The use of any other method shall be approved by BP.

3.2.1

Structured English

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There is no International Standard at present for Structured English, also known as psuedocode. Any extra commands shall be defined and approved by BP before use. a) Introduction Structured English describes a sequence using an English narrative written within a set of rules of structure and style to keep the logic clear, unambiguous, and, at the same time, detailed and uniform. The sequence is divided into a number of named steps, chosen to correspond to logical divisions in the sequence. The logic within the step is described using statements which can either be non-executable comments or commands using standard keywords. b) Structure (i) Layout Sequences shall be divided into a number of named steps and subroutines to aid in the understanding, programming and testing of the sequence. The size of each step and subroutine shall be limited to one page to aid understanding. Step names will be given on a separate line and the statements of the step will be indented. Further indentation will be used for IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF as described below. (ii) Comments Comments shall be used freely to clarify the intent of the logic. Comments shall be placed in brackets and may be on the same line as executable code or on separate lines. (iii) Subroutines Subroutines shall be used to simplify the logic and to improve the clarity of the programme. (iv) Parameter List A list of all parameters used in the programme, these should include input and output tag numbers, and internal registers and timers. The value of any constants and timers shall be given and where their values are to

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be adjusted during commissioning, a typical value or range of values shall be given. (v) Parallel Processing Where parallel processing is required, commands to run a step in parallel with the main step shall be used. (vi) Initialisation Any special preconditions for the sequence shall be given, including modes of controllers, status of valves and pumps and values of process variables.
Operator access to controller, valves and pumps may be restricted while the sequence is running and this should be defined.

(vii)

Failure Handling The action to be taken on the failure of a device shall be specified, including the handling of any retries. Device failures include the failure of the processor running the sequence, of a valve, motor or controller used by the sequence. A safe fail state shall be included.

c)

Keywords (i) Output Commands CLOSE OPEN START STOP SET (ii) Close the specified valve. Open the specified valve. Start the specified drive. Stop the specified drive. Set the mode, setpoint or output of the specified controller.

Logical Keywords AND;OR;NOT The logical keywords, AND, OR and NOT may be combined in one statement. To avoid confusion about the precedence of AND and OR, brackets shall be used.

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(iii)

Conditional Statements IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF If the IF condidon is true the sequence will carry out the THEN statement, if it is false the sequence will carry out the ELSE statement. After completing either the THEN or the ELSE statement, the sequence continues from the ENDIF statement. The IF condition can be made up of a combination of logical statements and an ELSE statement may not be required. The statements following THEN and ELSE shall be indented. eg IF valve 101 is open THEN STOP pump101 CLOSE valve103 ELSE OPEN valve102 ENDIF These statements check the status of valve l01. If it is open, the sequence stops pump101 and closes valve 103 and then proceeds with the statement following the ENDIF statement. If valve l01 is closed, the sequence does not stop pump l01 or close valve l03, instead it opens valve l02 and then proceeds to the statement following the ENDIF statement. WAITUNTIL The sequence does not proceed until the WAITUNTIL statement is true. eg WAITUNTIL pressure l05 > 100 Bar Cause the sequence to stop until pressure l05 is greater than 100 Bar.

(iv)

COMMUNICATION COMMANDS MESSAGE

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Used to send a message to the operator console. If a response is required from the operator the sequence will not proceed until the operator replies. eg. MESSAGE "OK to start heating" (YES/NO)

Will display the message, "OK to start heating?" and the sequence will wait until a yes or no answer is given. MESSAGE Heating started" Will display the message, "Heating started" and the sequence will continue. MESSAGE "Enter new value for temperature" (K1) Will display the message, "Enter new value for temperature" and the sequence will wait until the operator enters a value. Constant K1 will then be set equal to the value entered. LOG Used to send a message or value to a printer. eg. LOG "Heating started" Will print the message "Heating started". LOG "Temperature, (K1) Deg C reached" Will print the message "Temperature, 100 Deg C reached" if the value of Kl is 100. ALARM Used to generate an alarm to the operator as defined by the system. (v) PROGRAMMING COMMANDS GOSUB RETURN Branches to the named subroutine. Returns to step following the statement, GOSUB.

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WAIT

Suspends the sequence for the specified time. Branches to the named label or step. Stops the sequence until it is restarted by the operator.

GOTO END

START/STOP PARALLEL The START PARALLEL command starts the parallel processing of the named step. The main and named step continue processing in parallel until the STOP PARALLEL command is reached when sequential processing of the main step recommences. eg STEP_A COMMAND COMMAND START PARALLEL STEP_B ================================== COMMAND STEP_B COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND STOP PARALLEL STEP_B COMMAND ================================== COMMAND COMMAND d) Guidelines Specific Projects, systems or processes may require additional keywords and statements, these may be used but must be clearly defined and consistently applied and shall be approved by BP prior to use. Good Structured English should be clear and unambiguous. Careful and logical division of the sequence into steps and subroutines is essential. Clarity shall be achieved by using simple statements, sufficient comments, and avoiding negative logic and excessive nested logic. e) Example

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Use of Structured English to describe operation of batch reactor. INITIALISE LABEL1 IF AG1 is running, OR P1 is running, OR V1 is open, OR V2 is open, OR V3 is open, OR V4 is closed, OR TC1(mode) is NOT manual, OR TC1(OP) is NOT 0% OR LS1 is high, OR PS1 is high, OR LS2 is low.

THEN SET K1 = 1 AND GOTO MESSAGES ELSE GOTO FILL_A ENDIF FILL_A CLOSE V4 START PARALLEL FILL_B START P1 OPEN V2 WAITUNTIL LS1 = High STOP P1 CLOSE V2 STOP PARALLEL FILL_B GOTO REACTlON FILL_B OPEN V3 LABEL2 START TIMER Tl WAITUNTIL LS2 = Low OR TIMER Tl > 2 minutes IF TIMER T1 > 2 minutes THEN SET Kl = 2 AND GOTO MESSAGES ELSE LABEL3 CLOSE V3 ENDIF

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END MESSAGES IF K1 = 1 THEN MESSAGE " Check set up, OK to restart?" (YES/NO) IF YES THEN GOTO LABEL1 ELSE END ENDIF ENDIF IF K1 = 2 THEN ALARM MESSAGE "Vessel B slow to empty, reset timer?" (YES/NO) IF YES THEN GO TO LABEL2 ELSE GOTO LABEL3 ENDIF ENDIF END FAIL_SAFE AG 1 PI V1 V2 V3 V4 TC1 RUN STOP CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED MAN, OP=0%

PARAMETER LIST TAG NUMBERS AG1 Agitator 1

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P1 V1 V2 V3 V4 LSI LS2 PS1

Pump 1 Valve 1 Valve 2 Valve 3 Valve 4 Level switch 1 Level switch 2 Pressure switch 1

INTERNAL REGISTERS K1 Error message identifier

INTERNAL TIMERS T1 3.2.2 Flow Charts Flow charts shall be based on ISO 5807-1985, "Information Processing - Documentation Symbols and Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network Charts and System Resources Charts.
An example of a flow chart for a sequence is given in Figure 6.

Time for vessel B to drain

3.2.3

Sequential Function Charts Sequential function charts shall be based on IEC Standard 848, Preparation of Function Charts for Control Systems".
An example of a sequential function chart is given in Figure 7.

3.3 3.3.1

Logic Trips and Interlocks (Simple Logic) a) Simple logic used for trip and interlock functions shall be described using cause and effect charts. The chart shall identify the inputs by tag number and description and the outputs by tag number and description of the action that occurs when the trip or interlock is invoked.
An example of the layout for the cause and effea chart is given in Figure 8 connector.

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b)

The category of the inputs and of the outputs shall be shown on the chart. The presence of input overrides and output defeats shall be shown on the chart. An indexing reference to assist in relating the logic with the P&IDs should be induded. Where combinational logic exists, notes shall be used making reference to supporting documentation. Where the logic is simple, for example two out of three voting or a time delay on the input, notes shall be used to describe the logic

c)

d)

e)

3.3.2

Trips and Interlocks (Complex Logic) a) For more complex logic, either flow charts or logic diagrams shall be used. The method used shall be defined by BP and shall be applied consistently, induding packaged equipment. The use of any other method shall be approved by BP. Flow charts shall be based on ISO 5807-1985, Information Processing - Documentation Symbols and Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network Charts and System Resources Charts.
An example of a flow chart of an interlock is given in Figure 9.

b)

c)

Logic diagrams shall be based on ISA Standard, ISA Standard S5.2, "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations.
An example of a logic diagram is given in Figure 10.

4.

LEVEL 3 DOCUMENTATION 4.1 4.1.1 Loop Diagrams Loop drawings shall present sufficient information on the one drawing to give an understanding of the operation of the loop and to identify all components and cabling in the loop. They shall be complete, showing the loop from its transmitter to the final device. Loop drawings shall generally conform to ISA Standard S-5.4, "Instrument Loop Diagrams".

4.1.2

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4.1.3

Each loop drawing shall contain only one instrument loop. Where several transrniners form part of a loop, for example a pressure and temperature compensated flow loop, more than one transmitter will be shown on the drawing. Loop drawings shall show and identify all devices in the loop, including cables, terminals, trip amplifiers, isolators, safety barriers, chart recorders and field indicators. All power supplies shall be shown with the source of power, polarity and voltage level identified. All terminations in the loop shall be shown and all terminals, cores, screens, earths and cables shall be identified. If the loop is connected to a DCS or PLC, the associated file, card and channel shall be identified. The loop drawings shall be drawn to be legible at A3 paper size. Cross referencing to other drawings shall be minimised. Instrument Process Hook-Ups Detailed instrument process hook-ups shall be prepared for all instruments. Standard drawings may be used but individual instruments shall be referenced to the relevant drawings. a) The hook-up drawings shall show all valves, the slope of the pipework where it is important, thermal protection requirements, draining and venting requirements. All materials and components used in the hook-ups shall be identified and described, including their rating and material.

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.1.6

4.1.7 4.1.8 4.2 4.2.1

b)

4.2.2

Instrument process hook-ups shall be drawn using the symbols given in BP Group GS 108-1, Specification for Manual and CAD Draughting". Instrument Index An instrument index shall be prepared and shall, as a minimum, include the following details. Tag number (Field and DCS if different) Original Tag Number (If renumbered) Description Range Units P&ID number

4.3 4.3.1

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 4.3.2

Loop drawing number Process hook-up drawing number Pneumatic hook-up drawing

The database should be created as a relational database and may indude extra details to assist in procurement, construction, testing and handover. These additional details may indude the following, which shall be agreed with BP. Instrument supplier Instrument data sheet number Instrument order number Instrument model number Instrument location Calibration certificate number Impulse tubing pressure test certifiate number Impulse tubing weld test certif~cate numbers Pneumatic tubing leak test certificate Loop test certificate number Process system number Handover date Status Cable numbers Junction box numbers: Line number Fluid DCS display number Alarm priority Alarm group Hazardous area certificate numbers Hazardous area protection Piping isometric drawing number

4.4 4.4.1

Functional Design Specification (System Design Specification) The overall functional design of programmable systems shall be described in a functional design specification document which would normally include the following topics, however the actual requirements shall be agreed with BP on a Project basis. The design philosophy Details of the hardware and its architecture System and information flow diagrams Lists of inputs and outputs, including addresses ranges, units and signal conditioning.

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4.4.2

Descriptions of alarm handling, data storage, operator interfaces, reporting, logging, diagnostics, programs, standard program modules, editing facilities. Details of power supplies and earthing amngements Cabinet layouts and interconnecting cabling Quality plan Weights, sizes, environmental requirements and power requirements

System and information flow diagrams show the logic and information flow within a software system and give a high level overall appreciation of the software or system. They may be used as the basis for design of software and computer systems and to illustrate the the design to non experts. System and information flow diagrams shall be based on ISO 58071985, lnformation Processing - Documentation Symbols and Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network Charts and System Resources Charts.
An example of a flow chart is given in Figure 11.

4.4.3

5.

INTEGRATED DESIGN SYSTEMS Consideration shall be given to the use of integrated design systems to assist in the preparation of the documentation.
There are several software systems available covering different aspects of design.

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LEVEL 1 P&ID

LEVEL 2

IS CONTROL CONTINUOUS?

YES

IS LOGIC COMPLEX? NO

YES

NO

STRUCTURED ENGLISH

FLOW CHARTS

SEQUENTIAL FUNCTION CHARTS

CAUSE AND EFFECT CHART

SAMA DIAGRAMS

FLOW CHARTS

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

FLOW CHART

LOGIC DIAGRAM

LEVEL 3

LOOP DRAWINGS

PROCESS HOOK UP DRAWINGS

INSTRUMENT INDEX

CONTROL SYSTEMS FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION

LEVEL 4

INSTRUMENT DATA SHEETS INSTRUMENT LAYOUTS PNEUMATIC HOOK UPS OPERATING MANUALS SPARES SCHEDULES HAZARDOUS AREA CERTIFICATES CABLE TRAY DRAWINGS CALIBRATION CERTIFICATES

INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS MATERIAL TAKE OFFS SOFTWARE LISTINGS MAINTENANCE MANUALS PANEL DRAWINGS CABLE ROUTINGS TERMINATION DRAWINGS JUNCTION BOX LAYOUTS

FIGURE 1 HIERARCHY OF DOCUMENTATION

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PRIMARY LOCATION LOCAL OR FIELD NORMALLY ACCESSIBLE OPERATOR

AUXILIARY LOCATION NOT NORMALLY ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR

NOT NORMALLY NORMALLY ACCESSIBLE ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR OPERATOR

DISCRETE INSTRUMENTS

SHARED DISPLAY/ SHARED CONTROL

COMPUTER FUNCTION/ SOFTWARE CODING

LOGIC/SEQUENTIAL CONTROL

NOTES:

1.
H

COMPUTATIONAL BLOCK IMPLEMENTED IN DCS (LOW SELECT)

2.
L

HIGH AND LOW LEVEL ALARMS, GENERATED IN DCS

3.

OPERATIONAL INTERLOCK

4.

SAFETY INTERLOCK

5.

EXAMPLES OF EXPANSION OF OVERRIDES, DEFEATS, ALARMS AND STATUS FOR INTERLOCK SYSTEMS

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT DEFEAT DEFEAT OVERRIDE OVERRIDE INDICATION SWITCH INDICATION SWITCH
TBSH TBLH TBS TBL

INPUT STATUS LAMP

TLHH

INPUT ALARM
TAHH

100

100

100

100

OUTPUT OUTPUT STATUS STATUS ALARM LAMP TL 100 TA 100

100

100

ESD INPUT TSHH 100

OUTPUT TSY 100

FIGURE 2A INSTRUMENT SYMBOLOGY FOR P&ID

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SPEED/FREQUENCY

UNDESIGNATED

WEIGHT/FORCE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

DIFFERENTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL

FLOW RATIO

FLOW RATE

PRESSURE

PRESSURE

ANALYSIS

CURRENT

ELEM ENT INDICATOR TRANMITTER RECORDER INDICATING CONTROLLER RECORDING CONTROLLER SHARED DISPLAY CONTROLLER SOLENOID VALVE CONTROL VALVE CONTROL VALVE, SELF ACTING SWITCH LOW SWITCH HIGH ALARM LOW ALARM HIGH SWITCH LOW LOW SWITCH HIGH HIGH ALARM LOW LOW ALARM HIGH HIGH

WE WI WT WR WIC WRC WC WSY WV WCV WSL WSH WAL WAH

AE AI AT AR AIC ARC AC ASY AV ACY ASL ASH AAL AAH

FE FI FT FR FIC FRC FC FSY FV FCV FSL FSH FAL FAH FSLL

FFE FFI FFT FFR FFIC FFRC FFC FFSY FFV FFCV FFSL FFSH FFAL FFAH FFSLL

LE LI LT LR LIC LRC LC LSY LV LCV LSL LSH LAL LAH LSLL

PE PI TT PR PIC PRC PC PSY PV PCV PSL PSH PAL PAH PSLL PSHH PALL

PDE PDI PDT PDR

TE TI TT TR

TDE SE TDI TDT SI ST

IE II IT IR IIC IRC IC ISY

DE DI DT DR DIC DR C DC DSY

KE KI KT KR KIC KRC KC KSY KV

XE XI XT XR XIC XRC XC XSY XV XCV XSL XSH XAL XAH XSLL

ZE ZI ZT ZR ZIC ZRC ZG ZSY ZV ZCV ZSL ZSH ZAL ZAH ZSLL

TDR SR TDIC SIC TDRC SRC TDC SC TDSY SSY TDV SV TDCV SCV TDSL SSL TDSH SSH TDAL SAL TDAH SAH TDSLL SSLL

PDIC TIC PDRC TRC PDC TC

PDSY TSY PDV TV

PDCV TCV PDSL TSL PDSH TSH PDAL TAL PDAH TAH PDSLL TSLL

ICV ISL ISH IAL IAH ISLL

DCV DSL DSH DAL DAH DSLL

KCV KSL KSH KAL KAH KSLL

WSLL ASLL

WSHH ASHH FSHH WALL AALL FALL

FFSHH LSHH FFALL LALL

PDSHH TSHH TDSHH SSHH ISHH DSHH KSHH XSHH ZSHH PDALL TALL TDALL SALL IALL DALL KALL XALL ZALL

WAHH AAHH FAHH AY AL UAC AQI FY FL UFC FQI

FFAHH LAHH PAHH PDAHH TAHH TDAHH SAHH IAHH DAHH KAHH XAHH ZAHH FFY FFL UFF C FFQI LY LL ULC LQI PY PL UPC PQI PDY PDL TY TL TDY SY TDL SL UTDC USC TDQI SQI IY IL UIC IQI DY DL UDC DQI KY KL UKC KQI XY XL UXC XQI ZY ZL UZC ZQI

RELAY/CONVERTOR/COMPUTATION WY LIGHT ADVANCED CONTROL INTEGRATING INDICATOR WL UWC WQI

UPDC UTC PDQI TQI

FIGURE 2B EXAMPLE OF AN INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM

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POSITION

DENSITY

LEVEL

TIME

PT

PT

PT 1550 f(t)
IND IND IND IND

PT 1550 f(t)
H A
IND

A H A

+
IND IND

+
IND

x(-1)
IND

x(-1)
IND

P A A

D A A

D A

PC 1550 PC 1550
A A A A

IND

IND

PV 1555 OUTPUT

FIGURE 3 EXAMPLE OF SAMA DIAGRAM FOR CONTINUOUS CONTROL

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START

COMPUTE TAKE OFF = TARGET RATIO X FEEDRATE

COMPUTE INCREMENTAL TAKE OFF REQUIRED

IS ABSOLUTE INCREMENTAL TAKE OFF> MAXIMUM LIMIT?

YES

LIMIT INCREMENTAL TAKE OFF TO MAXIMUM LIMIT

NO

COMPUTE TAKE OFF = PREVIOUS TAKE OFF + INCREMENTAL

IS TAKE OFF< MINIMUM LIMIT?

YES

SET TAKE OFF = MINIMUM LIMIT

NO

COMPUTE TAKE OFF = PREVIOUS TAKE OFF + INCREMENTAL TAKE OFF

END

FIGURE 4 EXAMPLE OF A CONTINUOUS FLOW CONTROL CHART

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FT 2003

I/D

FC 2003 SP

D/I L NOTE 1 X

FY 2003

AFO

AT 2000

I/D

A1 2000

UAC 2000 NOTE 2

HIK 2000

FFY 2007 B

REFLUX RATIO

FV 2003 REFLUX

FT 2004

I/D

FC 2004

D/I

FY 2004

AFC LT 2001 LC 2001 H L FV 2004 DISTILLATE

I/D

NOTE 1: O/P = K fxA + K2xB NOTE 2: SEE DRAWING 2688/454 FOR DETAILS FIELD DCS FIELD

FIGURE 5 EXAMPLE OF A BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CONTINUOUS CONTROL

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START

INITIAL CONDITIONS OK? MESSAGE: RECHECK SET UP OK TO RESTART?

CLOSE FV230

RESPONSE START PM333 OPEN FV332 OPEN FV231 NO A IS L1334 HIGH? YES NO IS L5234 LOW? YES NO

YES

STOP WP333 CLOSE FV332

CLOSE FV231

SET TC 350 TO AUTO, SP=50degC START AG351

PV OF TC350 >45 degC YES END

NO

FIGURE 6 EXAMPLE OF A FLOW CHART FOR A SEQUENCE

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INITIAL CONDITIONS NOT OK

INITIAL CONDITION OK

MESSAGE; CHECK SET UP, OK TO RESTART?

CLOSE FV320

NO

YES

CLOSE FV320

START PM333

OPEN FV231

LI 334 HIGH

LS324 LOW

STOP PM333

CLOSE FV321

SET TC350 TO AUTO SET SP = 50 deg C START AG351

TC350, PV>45 deg.C

FIGURE 7 EXAMPLE OF SEQUENTIAL FUNCTION CHART

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CAT. OVER-

RIDE

Y CLOSE D205 DRAIN GAS BREAKTHROUGH 2B FSV220 109

2B

CLOSE NITROGEN RELIEF V/V LIFTS PURGE TO D205 STOP SEAL WATER WATER CARRY OVER FLOW TO D205

NO. NUMBER

PSY200

108 LSV212

TAG

REF NO. 101 102 103 104

TAG NUMBER

DUTY

POTENTIAL HAZARD OVERPRESSURE D205 OVERFILL D205 LOSS OF SEAL INCIDENT AT D205

CAT 1 2B 2B 2B

OVERRIDE N Y Y N

PSHH200 C6 TANK LSHH203 C6 TANK LSLL206 C6 TANK HS209 C6 TANK

FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT CHART

RP 30-11
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SYMBOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING PLANT

110 XL 230

REF

107

CCR INDICATION

ACTION

LOSS OF INDICATION

POTENTIAL

HAZARD

2B

PAGE 28

START

HV200 ON? YES

NO

HV200 CLOSED? YES

NO

OPEN HV201 START TIMER T1

TIMER T1 >30SEC?

NO

YES

START PUMP PM205

NO LS204 HIGH?

YES

STOP PM203 CLOSE HV201

END

FIGURE 9 EXAMPLE OF FLOW DIAGRAM FOR LOGIC

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HS200 ON

A
HV200 CLOSED

OPEN HV201

LS DI 30 SEC
LS204 HIGH START PM203

A
PW203 RUNNING

STOP PM203

CLOSE HV201

FIGURE 10 EXAMPLE OF LOGIC DIAGRAM

MASS FLOW COMPUTERS

MUX

TREND FILES DEVICE HANDLERS

INTEGRITY CHECKING

COMPUTE TOTALS

LAST TEN TOTALS

DATA SECTION

COMPUTE LINEPACK

ACQUIRE DATA

PRESSURE TEMPS.

INTEGRITY CHECKING

SMOOTH DATA

DISPLAY LINEPACK

MUX

FIELD INSTRUMENTATION

FIGURE 11 EXAMPLE OF AN INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM

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APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Definitions Standardised definitions may be found in the BP Group RPSEs Introductory volume.

Abbreviations ANSI API ASME DCS HVAC ISA P&ID PLC TC TIC TRC American National Standards Institute American Petroleum Institute American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Control System Heating & Ventilation and Air Conditioning Instrument Society of America Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Programmable Logic Controller Temperature Controller Temperature Inducting Controller Temperature Recording Controller

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APPENDIX B LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS A reference invokes the latest published issue or amendment unless stated otherwise. Referenced standards may be replaced by equivalent standards that are internationally or otherwise recognised provided that it can be shown to the satisfaction of the purchaser's professional engineer that they meet or exceed the requirements of the referenced standards. International Standards ISO 5807 (BS 4058) Information Processing - Documentation Symbols and Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network Charts and System Resources Charts Preparation of Function Charts for Control Systems

IEC 848

American Industry Documents ISA Standard S5.1 ISA Standard S5.2 ISA Standard S5.4 British Industry Documents RC22-11 Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control Systems Instrument Symbols and Identification Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations Instrument Loop Diagrams

BP Group Documents GS 108-1 Specification Manual for CAD Drafting

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