Protect America's Privacy Act

II
112TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION
S. 3515
To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to provide additional protections for privacy and for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

AUGUST 2, 2012 Mr. MERKLEY (for himself, Mr. WYDEN, and Mr. TESTER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to provide additional protections for privacy and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 4

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the Protect Americas Pri-
5 vacy Act of 2012. 6 7

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SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON REVERSE TARGETING UNDER FISA.
Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
9 Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a) is amended
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(1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking the purpose and all that follows and inserting the following: a significant purpose of the acquisition is to acquire the communications of a particular, known person reasonably believed to be located in the United States, except in accordance with title I;; (2) in subsection (d)(1)(A) (A) by striking ensure that and insert the following: ensure (i) that; and (B) by adding at the end the following: (ii) that an application is filed under title I, if otherwise required, when a significant purpose of an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is to acquire the communications of a particular, known person reasonably believed to be located in the United States; and; (3) in subsection (g)(2)(A)(i)(I) (A) by striking ensure that and insert the following: ensure (aa) that; and (B) by adding at the end the following: (bb) that an application is filed under title I, if otherwise re-
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quired, when a significant purpose of an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is to acquire the communications of a particular, known person reasonably believed to be located in the United States; and; and (4) in subsection (i)(2)(B)(i) (A) by striking ensure that and insert the following: ensure (I) that; and (B) by adding at the end the following: (II) that an application is filed under title I, if otherwise required, when a significant purpose of an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is to acquire the communications of a particular, known person reasonably believed to be located in the United States; and.
SEC. 3. LIMITS ON USE OF UNLAWFULLY OBTAINED INFORMATION UNDER FISA.
Section 702(i)(3) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveil-
24 lance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(i)(3)) is amended by 25 striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
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(B) CORRECTION (i) IN
OF DEFICIENCIES.
GENERAL.If
the Court finds
that a certification required by subsection (g) does not contain all of the required elements, or that the procedures required by subsections (d) and (e) are not consistent with the requirements of those subsections or the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the Court shall issue an order directing the Government to, at the Governments election and to the extent required by the order of the Court (I) correct any deficiency identified by the order of the Court not later than 30 days after the date on which the Court issues the order; or (II) cease the acquisition authorized under subsection (a). (ii) LIMITATION
MATION. ON USE OF INFOR-
(I) IN
GENERAL.Except
as
provided in subclause (II), no information obtained or evidence derived from an acquisition determined to be
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deficient under clause (i) concerning any person located in the United States or United States person shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from the acquisition shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of the United States person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person. (II) EXCEPTION.If the Government corrects any deficiency identified by the order of the Court under clause (i), the Court may permit the
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6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 use or disclosure of information acquired before the date of the correction under such minimization procedures as the Court shall establish for purposes of this clause..
SEC. 4. PRIVACY PROTECTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF AMERICANS COLLECTED UNDER FISA.
(a) IN GENERAL.Title VII of the Foreign Intel-
10 ligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881) is 11 amended by adding at the end the following: 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
SEC. 709. ADDITIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR COMMUNICATIONS OF PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
(a) LIMITATIONS
TIONS.
ON
ACQUISITION
OF
COMMUNICA-
(1) LIMITATION.Except as authorized under title I or paragraph (2), no communication shall be acquired under this title if the Government knows before or at the time of acquisition that the communication is to or from a person reasonably believed to be located in the United States. (2) EXCEPTION. (A) IN
GENERAL.In
addition to any au-
24
thority under title I to acquire communications
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described in paragraph (1), the communications may be acquired if (i) there is reason to believe that the communication concerns international terrorist activities directed against the United States, or activities in preparation therefor; (ii) there is probable cause to believe that the target reasonably believed to be located outside the United States is an agent of a foreign power and the foreign power is a group engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor; or (iii) there is reason to believe that the acquisition is necessary to prevent death or serious bodily harm. (B) ACCESS
TO COMMUNICATIONS.
Communications acquired under this paragraph shall be treated in accordance with subsection (b). (3) PROCEDURES
FOR DETERMINATIONS BE-
FORE OR AT THE TIME OF ACQUISITION.
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(A) SUBMISSION.Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of the Pro-
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tect Americas Privacy Act of 2012, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for approval procedures for determining before or at the time of acquisition, if reasonably practicable, whether a communication is to or from a person reasonably believed to be located in the United States and whether the exception under paragraph (2) applies to that communication. (B) REVIEW.The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall approve the procedures submitted under subparagraph (A) if the procedures are reasonably designed to determine before or at the time of acquisition, if reasonably practicable, whether a communication is to or from a person reasonably believed to be located in the United States and whether the exception under paragraph (2) applies to that communication. (C) PROCEDURES
QUIREMENTS.If DO NOT MEET RE-
the Foreign Intelligence Sur-
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veillance Court concludes that the procedures submitted under subparagraph (A) do not meet
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the requirements of subparagraph (B), this section, and the 4th Amendment, the Court shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. (D) USE
OF PROCEDURES.If
the For-
eign Intelligence Surveillance Court approves procedures under this paragraph, the Government shall use the procedures in any acquisition of communications under this title. (E) REVISIONS.The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, may submit new or amended procedures to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for review under this paragraph. (F) RELIABILITY.If the Government obtains new information relating to the reliability of procedures approved under this paragraph or the availability of more reliable procedures, the Attorney General shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court the information.
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(b) LIMITATIONS
TIONS.
ON
ACCESS
TO
COMMUNICA-
(1) IN
GENERAL.At
such time as the Gov-
ernment can reasonably determine that a communication acquired under this title (including a communication acquired under subsection (a)(2)) is to or from a person reasonably believed to be located in the United States or a United States person the communication shall be specifically designated and handled or otherwise managed such that no person may access or search for the communication, except in accordance with title I, this section, or chapter 119 of title 18, United States Code. (2) EXCEPTIONS.In addition to any authority under title I, including the emergency provision in section 105(f), a communication described in paragraph (1) may be accessed and disseminated for a period of not longer than 7 days if (A)(i) there is reason to believe that the communication concerns international terrorist activities directed against the United States, or activities in preparation therefor; (ii) there is probable cause to believe that the target reasonably believed to be located outside the United States is an agent of a foreign
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power and the foreign power is a group engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor; or (iii) there is reason to believe that the access is necessary to prevent death or serious bodily harm; (B) the Attorney General notifies the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court immediately of the access; and (C) not later than 7 days after the date the access is initiated, the Attorney General (i) makes an application for an order under title I or pursuant to chapter 119 of title 18, United States Code; or (ii) submits to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court a document that (I) certifies that (aa) there is reason to believe that the communication concerns international terrorist activities directed against the
United States, or activities in preparation therefor;
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(bb)
there
is
probable
cause to believe that the target reasonably believed to be located outside the United States is an agent of a foreign power and the foreign power is a group engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor; or (cc) there is reason to believe that the access is necessary to prevent death or serious bodily harm; and (II) identifies the target of the collection, the party to the communication who is in the United States if known, and the extent to which information relating to the communication has been disseminated. (3) DENIAL
OF COURT ORDER.If
an applica-
tion for a court order described in paragraph (2)(C)(i) is made and is not approved, the Attorney General shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, not later than 7 days after the date of the denial of the application, the document described in paragraph (2)(C)(ii).
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(4) ADDITIONAL (A) IN
COURT AUTHORITIES.
GENERAL.The
Foreign Intel-
ligence Surveillance Court may (i) limit access to communications described in paragraph (1) relating to a particular target if the Court determines that any certification submitted under paragraph (2)(C)(ii)(I) with respect to that target is clearly erroneous; and (ii) require the Attorney General to provide the factual basis for a certification submitted under paragraph (2)(C)(ii)(I), if the Court determines it would aid the Court in conducting review under this subsection. (B) FISC
ACCESS.The
Foreign Intel-
ligence Surveillance Court shall have access to any communications that have been specifically designated under paragraph (1) and any information the use of which has been limited under paragraph (5). (5) FAILURE (A) IN
TO NOTIFY. GENERAL.In
the circumstances
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described in subparagraph (B), access to a communication shall terminate, and no information
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obtained or evidence derived from the access concerning any United States person shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from the access shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of the person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person, or if a court order is obtained under title I or pursuant to chapter 119 of title 18, United States Code. (B) CIRCUMSTANCES.The cir-
cumstances described in this subparagraph are circumstances in which (i) as of the date that is 7 days after the date on which access to a communication is initiated under paragraph (2), a court order described in paragraph
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(2)(C)(i) has not been sought and the document described in paragraph (2)(C)(ii) has not been submitted; or (ii) as of the date that is 7 days after an application for a court order described in paragraph (2)(C)(i) is denied, the document described in paragraph (2)(C)(ii) is not submitted in accordance with paragraph (3). (6) EVIDENCE
OF A CRIME.Information
or
communications subject to this subsection may be disseminated for law enforcement purposes if it is evidence that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed, if dissemination is made in accordance with section 106(b). (7) PROCEDURES
FOR DETERMINATIONS
AFTER ACQUISITION.
(A) IN
GENERAL.Not
later than 120
days after the date of enactment of the Protect Americas Privacy Act of 2012, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for approval procedures
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(i) for determining, if reasonably practicable, whether a communication acquired under this title is to or from a person reasonably believed to be in the United States or is a United States person; and (ii) for ensuring that no person may access such a communication, except as described in subsection (b)(1). (B) REVIEW.The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall approve the procedures submitted under subparagraph (A) if the procedures are reasonably designed to determine, if reasonably practicable, whether a communication acquired under this title is a communication to or from a person reasonably believed to be located in the United States. (C) PROCEDURES
QUIREMENTS.If DO NOT MEET RE-
the Foreign Intelligence Sur-
veillance Court concludes that the procedures submitted under subparagraph (A) do not meet the requirements of subparagraph (B), this section, or the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the Court shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the
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determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. (D) USE
OF PROCEDURES.If
the For-
eign Intelligence Surveillance Court approves under this paragraph the procedures submitted under subparagraph (A), the Government shall use such procedures for any communication acquired under this title. (E) REVISIONS.If the Attorney General seeks to replace or modify procedures approved under this paragraph, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit the replacement or modified procedures to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. The Court shall review such replacement or modified procedures as provided in this paragraph. (F) RELIABILITY.If the Government obtains new information relating to the reliability of procedures approved under this paragraph or the availability of more reliable procedures, the Attorney General shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court such information.
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18 1 (c) TITLE I COURT ORDER.If the Government ob-
2 tains a court order under title I relating to a target of 3 an acquisition under this title, the Government may access 4 and disseminate, under the terms of that court order and 5 any applicable minimization requirements, any commu6 nications of that target that have been acquired or specifi7 cally designated under subsection (b)(1). 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
(d) INSPECTOR GENERAL AUDIT. (1) AUDIT.Not less than once each year, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall complete an audit of the implementation of and compliance with this section. For purposes of an audit under this paragraph, the Inspectors General shall have access to any communications that have been specifically designated under subsection (b)(1) and any information the use of which has been limited under subsection (b)(5). An audit under this paragraph shall include an accounting of any specifically designated communications that have been disseminated. (2) REPORT.Not later than 30 days after the completion of each audit under paragraph (1), the Inspectors General shall jointly submit to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the
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19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a report containing the results of the audit. (3) EXPEDITED
SECURITY CLEARANCE.The
Director of National Intelligence shall ensure that the process for the investigation and adjudication of an application by an Inspector General or any appropriate staff of an Inspector General for a security clearance necessary for the conduct of the audits under this subsection is conducted as expeditiously as possible. (e) APPLICABILITY.Subsections (a) and (b) shall
14 apply to any communication acquired under this title on 15 or after the earlier of 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 (1) the date that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court approves the procedures described in subsection (a)(3) and the procedures described in subsection (b)(7); and (2) 1 year after the date of enactment of the Protect Americas Privacy Act of 2012.. (b) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING AMENDMENT.
23 The table of contents in the first section of the Foreign

24 Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et
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20 1 seq.) is amended by inserting after the item relating to 2 section 708 the following:
Sec. 709. Additional safeguards for communications of persons in the United States..
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II

112TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 4

This Act may be cited as the Protect Americas Pri-

5 vacy Act of 2012. 6 7

SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON REVERSE TARGETING UNDER FISA.

Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance

9 Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a) is amended

VerDate Mar 15 2010

02:14 Aug 11, 2012

Section 702(i)(3) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveil-

(B) CORRECTION (i) IN

the Court finds

(a) IN GENERAL.Title VII of the Foreign Intel-

addition to any au-

thority under title I to acquire communications

FORE OR AT THE TIME OF ACQUISITION.

the Foreign Intelligence Sur-

such time as the Gov-

United States, or activities in preparation therefor;

(4) ADDITIONAL (A) IN

described in subparagraph (B), access to a communication shall terminate, and no information

later than 120

the Foreign Intelligence Sur-

18 1 (c) TITLE I COURT ORDER.If the Government ob-

23 The table of contents in the first section of the Foreign

24 Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et

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