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9701/04

CHEMISTRY
Paper 4 Structured Questions

May/June 2007
1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials:

Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Section B
Answer all questions.

For Examiners Use

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use
appropriate units.
A Data Booklet is provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or
part question.

4
5
6
7
8
9
Total

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

SP (KN) T32180/4
UCLES 2007

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

For
Examiners
Use

2
Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1

Zinc chloride is one of the most important compounds of zinc. It is used in dry cell batteries,
as a flux for soldering and tinning, as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling towers and in the
manufacture of rayon.
(a) Draw a fully labelled diagram to show how you could use a standard hydrogen electrode
to measure the standard electrode potential, E o, of zinc.

[6]
(b) The electrolysis of zinc chloride can give different electrode products, depending on the
conditions used.
Suggest the products formed at each electrode in the following cases. One space has
been filled in for you.
conditions

product at anode

product at cathode

chlorine

ZnCl2(l)
ZnCl2(concentrated aqueous)
ZnCl2(dilute aqueous)

[3]
(c) Use the following data, together with relevant data from the Data Booklet, to construct a
Born-Haber cycle and calculate a value for the lattice energy of zinc chloride.
standard enthalpy change of formation of ZnCl2

415 kJ mol1

standard enthalpy change of atomisation of Zn(s)

+131 kJ mol1

electron affinity per mole of chlorine atoms

349 kJ mol1

lattice energy = ............................................... kJ mol1 [3]

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(d) Zinc is an essential element for plant and animal life. It is often administered in the form
of a chelate, which is a complex between a metal ion and a polydentate ligand.

For
Examiners
Use

The rate of the reaction between zinc ions and the ligand 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol,
PAR, has been studied.
HO
Zn2+ + 2

HO
Zn2+

+ 2H+

N
O

HO
PAR

Zn-PAR

Both PAR and its zinc complex absorb radiation in the UV-visible region. The figure
below shows their absorption spectra.
1.4

absorbance

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6

PAR

Zn-PAR

0.4
0.2
0.0
300

400

500

600

700

wavelength / nm
(i)

Devise a suitable experimental technique for studying how the rate of this reaction
varies with [Zn2+(aq)].
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Describe a reaction you could carry out to show that PAR is a phenol.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[7]
[Total: 19]

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4
2

(a) Write an equation showing the reaction that occurs when calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, is
heated.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Describe and explain the trend in thermal stability of the nitrates of the Group II
elements.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Gently heating ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, in a test tube produces a mixture of two
gases A and B. No residue remains in the tube.
The mass spectrum of gas A contains peaks at m/e (mass number) values of 16, 17
and 18, whereas that of gas B has peaks at m/e values of 14, 16, 28, 30 and 44.
(i)

Identify the peaks in the mass spectra, and suggest the molecular formulae of the
gases A and B.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Hence suggest an equation for the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate.

..................................................................................................................................
[5]
[Total: 9]

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For
Examiners
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5
3

Carbon forms two stable oxides, CO and CO2. Lead forms three oxides: yellow PbO, black
PbO2 and red Pb3O4.

For
Examiners
Use

(a) Carbon monoxide burns readily in air. Heating black lead oxide produces oxygen gas,
leaving a yellow residue.
(i)

Suggest a balanced equation for each reaction.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain how these two reactions illustrate the relative stabilities of the +2 and +4
oxidation states down Group IV.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Red lead oxide contains lead atoms in two different oxidation states.
(i)

Suggest what these oxidation states are, and calculate the ratio in which they occur
in red lead oxide.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Predict the equation for the action of heat on red lead oxide.
..................................................................................................................................

When red lead oxide is heated with dilute nitric acid, HNO3, a solution of lead(II) nitrate
is formed and a black solid is left.
(iii)

Suggest an equation for this reaction.

..................................................................................................................................

(iv)

Explain how this reaction illustrates the relative basicities of the two oxidation states
of lead.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[5]

(c) Both tin(II) oxide and tin(IV) oxide are amphoteric.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction between tin(II) oxide and aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 9]
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For
Examiners
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6
4

The following passage is taken from an A level Chemistry text book.

In an isolated atom, the five d-orbitals have the same energy. In an octahedral complex ion, however,
the presence of the ligands splits the five orbitals into a group of three and a group of two. These two
groups have slightly different energies.
(a) Use the following sets of axes to draw the shape of one d-orbital in each of the two
groups mentioned above.

[2]
(b) Explain how the presence of the six ligands, L, in [FeL6]3+ splits the 3d orbitals into two
groups of different energy, and explain whether the two-orbital group or the three-orbital
group has the higher energy.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(c) The following table lists the colours and energies of photons of light of certain
wavelengths.
wavelength
/ nm

energy of
photon

colour of
photon

400

high

violet

450

blue

500

lower

green

600

yellow

650

low

red

For
Examiners
Use

The visible spectra of solutions of two transition metal complexes C and D are shown in
the diagram below.
1.4

absorbance

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6

0.4
0.2
0.0
300

400

500

600

700

wavelength / nm
(i)

A list of possible colours for these complexes is as follows.

yellow

red

green

blue

Choose one of these words to describe the observed colour of each solution.
solution C ............................................
(ii)

solution D ................................................

In which complex, C or D, will the energy gap between the two groups of orbitals be
the larger? Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 8]

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For
Examiners
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8
5

The following scheme shows some reactions of methylbenzene.

CH3

CH3
I

Cl

CH2Cl
II

III

E
CO2H

COCl
IV

G
(a) Suggest reagents and conditions for reactions I to IV.
I ........................................................................................................................................
II .......................................................................................................................................
III ......................................................................................................................................
IV .....................................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) What type of reaction is each of the following?
reaction I ..........................................................................................................................
reaction III ........................................................................................................................
[2]

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9
(c) Compound F can be converted into 2-phenylethylamine in a two-stage process.
Suggest a structure for the intermediate, H, in the box below, and suggest reagents and
conditions for the steps V and VI.

CH2Cl

CH2CH2NH2
V

For
Examiners
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VI

reagents and conditions for step V ..................................................................................

reagents and conditions for step VI .................................................................................
[4]
(d) The compounds E, F and G react at different rates with nucleophilic reagents. Draw
structures for the products of each compound with the following reagents.
If no reaction occurs, write no reaction in the box.

reagent
compound
cold water

hot NaOH(aq)

[6]
[Total: 16]
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10
6

Chemists use skeletal or partial-skeletal formulae to represent larger structures. For example
the structure
OH

CH3

CH2
H2C

CH2
H2C

CH

CH2

CH2
may also be represented as follows.

OH
H

CH3

H
Oestradiol is one of the hormones that controls the reproductive cycle in female mammals.
HO
CH3 H
H
H

HO
oestradiol
(a) (i)
(ii)

On the above structure of oestradiol, circle one chiral centre.

What is the total number of chiral centres in the oestradiol molecule? .....................
[2]

(b) Complete the following part-structures (which have the -OH groups removed) to show
the products obtained when oestradiol (above) is reacted with the stated reagents.
(i)

sodium metal
CH3
H
H

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For
Examiners
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11
(ii)

Br2(aq)
CH3
H
H

(iii)

NaOH(aq)
CH3
H
H

(iv)

CH3COCl
CH3
H
H

(v)

hot acidified K2Cr2O7

CH3
H
H

[7]
[Total: 9]

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For
Examiners
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12
Section B Applications of Chemistry
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
7

(a) (i)

In a protein, amino acids are joined together by a process called condensation

polymerisation. Addition polymerisation is used in some synthetic polymers, such
as poly(propene).
State two important differences between condensation polymerisation and addition
polymerisation.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Using the amino acids glycine and alanine shown, draw the displayed formula of
the dipeptide ala-gly, clearly labelling the peptide link.
H
H2N

H
CO2H

H2N

CO2H

CH3

glycine

alanine

[4]
(b) The diagram below shows a section of DNA.
Identify the blocks labelled X, Y and Z.

Y
X

Y
C

Y
X

X
Y

X ......................................

X
Y

Y ......................................

Z ......................................
[3]

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13
(c) The table below shows the 3-base codes used by RNA.
UUU
UUC
UUA
UUG

phe
phe
leu
leu

UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG

ser
ser
ser
ser

UAU
UAC
UAA
UAG

tyr
tyr
stop
stop

UGU
UGC
UGA
UGG

cys
cys
stop
trp

CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG

leu
leu
leu
leu

CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG

pro
pro
pro
pro

CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG

his
his
gln
gln

CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG

arg
arg
arg
arg

AUU
AUC
AUA
AUG

ile
ile
ile

ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG

thr
thr
thr
thr

AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG

asn
asn
lys
lys

AGU
AGC
AGA
AGG

ser
ser
arg
arg

GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG

ala
ala
ala
ala

GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG

asp
asp
glu
glu

GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG

gly
gly
gly
gly

GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
(i)

met/
start

val
val
val
val

What amino acid sequence would the following base code produce?
(You may use abbreviations in your answer.)
-AUGUCUAGAGACGGGUAA..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

What would be the effect on the amino acid sequence if a mutation caused the
base G at position 13 in the sequence to be replaced by U?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) (i)

Name a disease which results from a genetic defect.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain how the genetic defect can bring about your named disease.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 13]

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14
8

(a) Electrophoresis can be used to separate amino acids which are produced by the
hydrolysis of a polypeptide.
Using glycine as an example, explain why the result of electrophoresis depends on pH.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) The diagram below shows the results of electrophoresis in neutral solution. At the start
of the experiment a spot of a solution containing a mixture of amino acids P, Q, R and S
was placed in the middle of the plate. Following electrophoresis the amino acids had
moved to the positions shown in the lower diagram.

before

after

(i)

Which amino acid existed mainly as a zwitterion in the buffer solution?

Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Assuming amino acids R and S carry the same charge when in this buffer solution,
which is likely to be the larger molecule? Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Amino acids may also be separated by using two-dimensional paper chromatography.
This involves putting a spot of the mixture on the corner of a piece of chromatography
paper and allowing a solvent to soak up the paper. The paper is then dried, turned
through 90 and placed in a second solvent. This method gives better separation than a
one solvent method.
(i)

Paper chromatography relies on partition between the solvent applied and another
phase.
What is this second phase? .......................................................

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15
(ii)

The table below shows the Rf values for some amino acids in two different
solvents.

amino acid

Rf solvent 1

Rf solvent 2

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.5

For
Examiners
Use

Use the grid below to plot the positions of the amino acids after two-dimensional
paper chromatography using solvent 1 followed by solvent 2.
solvent
front

solvent 1

spot applied
here

solvent 2
solvent
front

(iii)

Which amino acid travelled fastest in both solvents? .................................

(iv)

Which amino acid did not move at all in solvent 2? .................................

[5]
[Total: 10]

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16
9

(a) Graphite and buckminsterfullerene are two structural forms of carbon. By referring to
diagrams of their structures, suggest three differences in their properties.

graphite

For
Examiners
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buckminsterfullerene

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Nano-sized test-tubes can be formed from carbon structures.
What is the relationship between the parts of these test tubes and the two structural
forms of carbon shown above?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Many modern sunscreens contain nano-sized particles of titanium dioxide. This
substance does not absorb ultraviolet radiation.
Suggest how these nano-particles are able to protect skin from ultraviolet radiation.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]

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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
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