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FREE SPACE MAXIMUM RANGE EQUATION

[ Where: =maximum radar range, km =peak pulse power, W D=antenna diameter, m S=effective cross section area of target, receiver bandwidth, Hz = wavelength ,m F=noise figure (expressed as a ratio)

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PULSE RADAR: How It Works? Pulse radar works by transmitting a short burst of microwaves called a PULSE, which reflects from the target and is received at a later time. The time between the transmitted and received pulses gives distance information. Continuous wave radar transmits continuously and compares the frequency of the received echo with that of the transmitted signal. Relative motion between the radar and the target can cause a change of frequency (the Doppler Effect), from which velocity information can be obtained. There are also radars that combine pulse and Doppler techniques.

PULSE RADAR

Figure . Block Diagram of FrequencyModulated Radar

portion of the transmitter signal acts as the reference signal required to produce the beat frequency. It is introduced directly into the receiver via a cable or other direct connection. Ideally, the isolation between transmitting and receiving antennas is made sufficiently large so as to reduce to a negligible level the transmitter leakage signal which arrives at the receiver via the coupling between antennas. The beat frequency is amplified and limited to remove any amplitude fluctuations. The frequency of the amplitude-limited beat note is usually measured with a cycle-counting frequency meter calibrated in distance.

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