Rizal Course

Group Report: On the Eve

(1891-1892)

Hong Kong the Spanish Doctor

Visit to Sandakan Preparation for Death

Group 8:
Caleda, Marisha Joy F.
Francisco, Paul Angelo Rahayel, Joy Michelle D.

Hong Kong the spanish doctor

Farewell to Europe
Melbourne

Rizal in Hong Kong

Unexpected Arrival Second Arrest of Teodora Alonso

Hong Kong the spanish doctor

Family Reunion in Hong Kong
The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina Circle of Men Introduced by Basa to Rizal Weyler was replaced by

Hong Kong the spanish doctor

Writings in Hong Kong Thoughts about Revolution Laong Laan Ever Prepared

Rizals Second Letter to Despujol

Visit to sandakan
Memnon
Sandakan

Alexander Cook
Henry Walker

Preparation for Death

Decision to Return to Manila

Last Hong Kong Letters

Rizal Falls into Spanish Trap

Contemporizing

References
Coates, Austin; RIZAL- Filipino Nationalist & Patriot; Solidaridad Publishing House; Philippines, 1992

Zaide, Gregorio F., Zaide, Sonia M.; Jose Rizal Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National Hero Second Edition; All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.; Philippines; 2007

Farewell to Europe
Rizal left Europe and lived in Hong Kong from November 1891 to June 1892. 2 Reasons for leaving Europe: 1.) life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain 2.) to be near his idolized Philippines and family

Farewell to Europe
Before sailing for Hong Kong, he notified Del Pilar that he was retiring from political arena in Spain to preserve unity among compatriots and that despite their parting of ways, he had highest regards for him.

Farewell to Europe
October 3, 1891 2 weeks after publication of El Filibusterismo, Rizal left Ghent for Paris and bid goodbye to friends.

Melbourne
October 18 he boarded the steamer Melbourne with a letter of recommendation from Juan Luna for Manuel Camus, a compatriot living in Singapore, and 600 copies of the Fili. Rizal and the German Ladies

Melbourne
Rd.L.M. the code letters concealing his pan-Malay project. Raffles History of Java (1817) about the most modern book he seems to have read on Malaysian region.

Melbourne
William Pryer (a.k.a. Willie Pryer) one of the pioneers of North Borneo where he had been working since 1878. the founder of Sandakan (then capital of North Borneo) and its first Resident. one of the most engaging figures in North Borneo history.

Melbourne
William Pryer (a.k.a. Willie Pryer) Served the Chartered Company which had governed North Borneo since its foundation in 1881. Rizal described him as the Stanley type.

Melbourne
Ada Pryer Willies intelligent and well-informed wife. Rizal described her as straightforward, lively and forceful in a masculine way, going bald.

Rizal in Hong Kong

November 19, 1891 Rizal arrived in Hong Kong. (In Zaides, it was the 20th) Remedios Terrace and Caine Road in a room in one of the groups of houses which Jose Maria Basa owned, he settled himself.

Rizal in Hong Kong

He began practicing general medicine and ophthalmic surgery using in a room in a lodging house at the bottom of Duddell Street in the middle of downtown Victoria. Then he became known as the Spanish doctor.

Rizal in Hong Kong

DAguilar Street (downtown centre) he took a 1st floor consulting room, earned money and paid off his debts. In Zaides, it was said that Rizal established his residence at No. 5 DAguilar Street, No. 2 Rednaxela Terrace, where he also opened his medical clinic.

Rizal in Hong Kong

December 1, 1891 he wrote permission from his parents to return home. On the same day, his brother-inlaw, Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter relating the news about the deportation of 25 persons from Calamba, including Francisco Mercado, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and the rest.

Unexpected Arrival
Francisco Mercado, Paciano and Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law) arrived in Hong Kong. The deportees were to be removed to Sulu. All the deportees escaped through a well-organized plan. Paciano and Silvestre with the aim of secretly getting Rizals parents to Hong Kong, contacted home and discovered that Teodora Alonso had been arrested.

The Second Arrest of Teodora Alonso

The charge brought against her was that she had declared her name improperly, using Alonso (by which she had always been known and had always used). According to the authorities she should have styled herself as Realonda de Rizal.

The Second Arrest of Teodora Alonso

At the age of 64 (in Zaides, 65) and almost completely blind, she had been made to walk the whole way, which took her 4 days, guided by her one of her daughters. She was sent imprisoned at Santa Cruz, capital of Laguna. But was released by the Civil Governor due to her condition.

Family Reunion in Hong Kong

Before Christmas, she arrived in Hong Kong with her daughters Lucia, Josefa and Trinidad. Rizals parents were happy to be in a free country and the family was full of praises for the British colonial government.

Family Reunion in Hong Kong

Rednaxela Terrace in a house here, Paciano and the family stayed. Dr. Lourenco Pereira Marques (in Zaides, Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques) a prominent but eccentric Portuguese whom Basa had introduced to Rizal. He formerly worked in Victoria Gaol as the prison medical officer.

Family Reunion in Hong Kong

Rizal successfully operated on his mothers left eye. People in Europe and also in Hong Kong were sick of Influenza during this time since theres an epidemic. This he wrote to Blumentritt on January 31, 1892. His friends from Europe gave him moral and substantial aid in his medical practice.

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

The Colony a plan on moving Filipinos to North Borneo so as to make a New Calamba for them. Asks the Chartered Company to sign a contract which would give the colony considerable autonomy and which would require ratification by Great Britain as the protecting power.

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

Liga Filipina (Philippine League) a nationwide society Rizal plans to start in the Philippines organized on a basis of regional and district councils its members pledged to mutual protection in any adversity

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

Liga Filipina (Philippine League) an association of patriotic Filipinos for civic purposes, was originally conceived by Jose Maria Basa, but it was Rizal who wrote its constitution and realized its establishment. Copies of this were sent to Domingo Franco, Rizals friend in Manila.

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

Rizals Purpose for starting Liga Filipina to provide defense against violence and injustice to stimulate education, agriculture and commerce to study and apply reforms to observe secrecy regarding any order issued by its councils

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

Rizal desired the Liga to be a means of organizing the intellectuals and other elements of the country into a cohesive organism that would strengthen and make real and effective the ideal cherished by those thirsting for liberty. The Liga had aims and ends that were idealistic and practical.

Camilo Ossias, Jose Rizal, His Life and Times, p.317, Manila, 1948

The Filipino Colony and Liga Filipina

Conclusion that Rizals schemes were totally impossible of achievement.

Circle of Men Introduced by Basa to Rizal

1. Dr. Lourenco Pereira Marques 2. Robert Fraser-Smith (In Zaides, he was known as Frazier Smith) the editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph and a flambuoyant champion of the oppressed, exposing injustices (committed by the Hong Kong Government and British business interests) which often lead to the Telegraph having libel actions.

Circle of Men Introduced by Basa to Rizal

2. Robert Fraser-Smith

Fraser-Smith was usually convicted in these and went to prison. Hong Kong Telegraph was edited from the cells of Victoria Gaol

Circle of Men Introduced by Basa to Rizal

3. Jose Pedro Braga an entrenched opponent of the social injustices tolerated and encouraged by the Hong Kong government, and who subsequently became the principal spokesman of Portuguese community and (in 1926) the first Portuguese member of the Hong Kong legislature.

Weyler was replaced by Despujol

During this time Valeriano Weyler had left the Philippines where he was replaced by a more liberal General Eulogio Despujol. Despujol began his governorship by announcing a high-sounding programme of reforms.

Weyler was replaced by Despujol

December 23, 1891 Rizal wrote a letter to Despujol, offering his services. El Filibusterismo was entering the country. The copies were sold at anything up to 400 pesetas each.

Writings in Hong Kong

1. Ang Mga Karapatan Ng Tao a Tagalog translation of The Rights of Man proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789. 2. A la Nacion Espanola (To the Spanish Nation, 1891) an appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants.

Writings in Hong Kong

3. Sa Mga Kababayan (To my Countrymen) written in December 1891, explaining the Calamba agrarian situation. 4. Rizal contributed to the British daily newspaper, the Hong Kong Telegraph which was banned by Spanish censors after discovering the spread of Rizals ideas.

Writings in Hong Kong

5. Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol (A Visit to Victoria Gaol) written on March 2, 1892, an account of his visit to the colonial prison of Hong Kong. 6. Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de Familles de Iles Philippines (French) Colonization of British North Borneo by Families from Philippine Islands.

Writings in Hong Kong

7. Proyecto de Colonizacion del British North Borneo por los Filipinos (Spanish) Project of the Colonization of British North Borneo.

8. La Mano Rojo (The Red Hand) written on June 1892

Writings in Hong Kong

9. Constitution of the Liga Filipina printed in Hong Kong 1892; false information of it being printed by the London Printing Press, No. 25, Khulug Street, London.

Thoughts about Revolution

Rizal discussed it with Galicano Apacible (Madrid), Jose Alejandrino (Ghent) and, with Paciano and Basa (Hong Kong).

Thoughts about Revolution

Blumentritt wrote him a letter of warning, entreating him not to meddle in revolutionary agitations
A revolution has no likelihood of success unless 1.) a great portion of the army and navy should rebel, 2.) the motherland should be at war with another nation, 3.) there should be money and munitions available, and 4.) a foreign country should give its official or secret support to the insurrection. None of these conditions exist in the Philipines.

Thoughts about Revolution

Rizal was aware of the situation and the conditions too. Paciano later disclosed privately to his nephew, Dr. Leoncio LopezRizal, that Rizal was nonetheless engaged in the details of revolution. Rizals idea was to use peaceful means first the Liga Filipina but if it fails he would counsel and plan for revolution.

Thoughts about Revolution

He was uncertain of it. This was proven by the fact that (at that time) he was simultaneously trying 5 policies which were aiming towards different directions.

Thoughts about Revolution

1. He was offering his services to General Despujol in the interest of Hispano-Philippine unity. 2. He was projecting in detail a revolution aimed at ending that unity 3. He was speaking to Despujol of rapprochement.

Thoughts about Revolution

4.He was introducing into the Philippines a book calculated to inflame passions against such a rapprochement. 5.He was proposing a migration to Borneo which betokened acceptance of the failure of the rest.

Laong Laan Ever Prepared

His contradicting actions were best explained by placing a phrase and his pen-name together: quos vult perdere Jupiter, prius dementat and Laong Laan

Rizals Second Letter to Despujol

On March 21, immediately prior to leaving for Sandakan, he sent a 2nd letter to Despujol explaining his intention to form a Filipino colony in North Borneo. He also requested permission for those who wanted to migrate to change their nationality, sell their small properties and leave unhindered.

Rizals Second Letter to Despujol

If this permission was granted, he says, he will come to the Philippines to greet Your Excellency and convey my thanks, sell of a few properties and fetch his persecuted friends and relatives.

Rizals Second Letter to Despujol

Despujol had no way of determining which statement is true and which is false and so to avoid conflicts, Spain had to persuade Rizal to come back to the Philippine Islands.

Memnon
Memnon a slow vessel plying a regular service between Sandakan and Hong Kong, whence came most of North Borneos provisions of civilized life.

Memnon
He found that the acquisition of land for development purposes was governed by definite rules and so his plan to found a colony would have to be abandoned.

Sandakan
Sandakan
Assurance for freedom was in written request which surprised Pryer since these were taken for granted in British territory.

Alexander Cook
Both the Governor and the Acting Governor, L.P. Beaufort was on tour so it was received by the Acting Government Secretary, Alexander Cook, a quarrelsome individual with whom Pryer was not on particularly good terms.

Henry Walker
Henry Walker the Commissioner of Lands, who, particularly anxious to see a rice-growing population in North Borneo, which was then importing nearly all the rice it consumed, was enthusiastic about the scheme.

Henry Walker
Cook granted Rizal 5000 acres free of rent for 3 years.
Rizal was addressed as Don Jose or Dr. Rizal and his degrees in Madrid University were considered impressive.

Decision to Return to Manila

Rizal was invited for an interview with the Spanish Consul. Despujol did not approve of the Borneo project. There was an implied invitation to return to the Philippines. His family opposed his decision to go back to Manila.

Decision to Return to Manila

Antonino Lopez, his brother-inlaw who was married to Narcisa, wrote:
Besides, almost all are opposed to your coming, and I am of the same opinion I think that from there you can do all you wish, without coming here, for the good of the Philippines.

Decision to Return to Manila

From London, Regidor, whose momentary difference with him over the Morga edition had long been forgotten, warned him urgently not to trust Despujol, that he was walking into the mouth of a wolf.

Decision to Return to Manila

For the Propaganda (in Rizals own description):
The committee is thrown into a veritable panic of terror every time I say Im coming.

Decision to Return to Manila

In Madrid, La Solidaridad was becoming increasingly decrepit as a political instrument, under what Jose Alejandrino described as the funereal policy of Del Pilar.

Decision to Return to Manila

What the committee in Manila wanted was for Rizal to set up a newspaper in Hong Kong, Japan, or Borneo with a more radical policy. The last thing they wished was to see him risk his life by returning.

Decision to Return to Manila

He sent Ada Pryer a present of some Japanese curtains. A letter from William Pryer arrived the next day, stating that the Governor refuses to confirm Cooks action in offering 5000 acres of land free. The government price of land is $3 an acre.

Decision to Return to Manila

This incident hardened Rizals resolve to ignore the warnings because he feels that there was no alternative to his decision to return to his country.

Decision to Return to Manila

May 1892, Rizal made his mind to return to Manila. This was spurred by the following reasons: 1.) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project

Decision to Return to Manila

2.) to establish the Liga Filipina in Manila 3.) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the countrys cause.

Decision to Return to Manila

Rizal delayed his departure to celebrate his 31st birthday on June 19 and the next day, he made his private preparations for death.

Last Hong Kong Letters

He wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce about Burgos and dying. He knew how he would conduct himself, how he would not be as low traitors or animals, and be able to face the sky at the time of his death. He wrote 2 letters to be opened after his death: one for his parents, family and friends and the second was to the Filipino people.

Last Hong Kong Letters

The step that I have taken, or am about to take, is without doubt very hazardous, and I need not say that I have pondered over it a great deal. I realize that almost everyone is opposed to it. But I realize also that almost no one knows what is going on in my heart. I cannot live knowing that many are suffering unjust persecutions on my account; I cannot live seeing my brother, my sisters and their numerous families persecuted like criminals.

Last Hong Kong Letters

He said he gave his life willingly to bring an end to his familys sufferings:
I know that at this moment the future of my country in some measure depends on me If I thought I were the sole point of support in Philippine politics I would perhaps hesitate to take this step; but there are others yet who can take my place, and take it to advantage

Last Hong Kong Letters

Rizal handed these letters to Dr. Marquez with the request that he preserve and publish them at the right time.

Last Hong Kong Letters

Eduardo de Lete published an article, on April 15, 1892 in La Solidaridad, satirizing a quixotic revolutionary who overlooked that revolutions require arms, ships and money. One of Rizals secret enemies or perhaps the only real one He portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistica patriot in words only.

Last Hong Kong Letters

June 21, Rizal wrote to Despujol that he was coming to Manila and that he would wait His Excellencys pleasure for 3 days, probably at the Hotel de Oriente (the best hotel in Manila).

Last Hong Kong Letters

He collected his passport from the Spanish Consulate and later that day, accompanied by his widowed sister Lucia, embarked for Manila. They carried a special passport or safe-conduct issued by the Spanish Consul in Hong Kong.

Rizal Falls into Spanish Trap

When the Spanish Consulate was informed that the ship had sailed with Rizal safely aboard, he cabled to the Governor-General: The rat is in the trap. On the same day, June 21, 1892, a secret case was filed against Rizal and his followers for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation.

Rizal Falls into Spanish Trap

Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen, as was rumored, so that he might take proper action against one who had the protection of a strong nation.

Contemporizing

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