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    Analysis

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    Sifana Sohail
    The document analyzes the colors of various non-metals, gases, metals, and their compounds. It lists the colors of different elements and compounds, including oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides. It also summarizes cation identification by flame tests and describes tests to identify anions such as nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, and ammonium.

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    Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Sifana Sohail
    30 views6 pages
    The document analyzes the colors of various non-metals, gases, metals, and their compounds. It lists the colors of different elements and compounds, including oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides. It also summarizes cation identification by flame tests and describes tests to identify anions such as nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, and ammonium.

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    The document analyzes the colors of various non-metals, gases, metals, and their compounds. It lists the colors of different elements and compounds, including oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides. It also summarizes cation identification by flame tests and describes tests to identify anions such as nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, and ammonium.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    30 views6 pages

    Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Sifana Sohail
    The document analyzes the colors of various non-metals, gases, metals, and their compounds. It lists the colors of different elements and compounds, including oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides. It also summarizes cation identification by flame tests and describes tests to identify anions such as nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, and ammonium.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 6

    Analysis

    I. Colours
    Non-metals
    Elements
    C(S) S(S) P(S) Br2(I) I2(S) Black [except diamond and graphite] Yellow Red or White Brown (Red-brown / Orange-brown) Black / Grey

    Gases
    H2(g) O2(g) CO2(g) CO(g) N2(g) NO(g) N2O(g) NH3(g) HCl(g)

    Colourless

    NO2(g) F2(g) Cl2(g) Br2(g) I2(g)

    Brown gas Pale Yellow Greenish Yellow Brown Violet

    Metals
    Elements
    Gr I Metals Gr II Metals Mg Ag Cu Fe Zn Pb White White [except Mg] Grey Black [when not in coated form; in coated form it is silver] Brown Grey White Grey

    Compounds
    Oxides
    Gr I Metal Oxides Gr II Metal Oxides CuO Fe2O3 ZnO PbO White White Black Brown Yellow (hot) White (cold) Brown (hot) Yellow (cold)

    Cu Compounds
    Cu(OH)(S) CuSO4(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) CuCl2(aq) CuCO3(S) Cu(NO3)2(S) CuSO4(S)

    }
    }

    Blue

    Green

    CuCl2(S)

    White (Anhydrous)

    Fe Compounds
    Fe2+ Fe3+ FeCl3(S) Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Pale Green Brown Brown but so dark, it looks Black Muddy Green (precipitate) Brown (precipitate) Colourless

    Others
    ZnSO4(aq) BaSO3(S) BaSO4(S) AgNO3(aq) Mn2+(aq) CoCl2(aq) CoCl2(S) KMnO4(aq) K2Cr2O7(aq)

    White

    Colourless Pale Pink / Colourless Blue (Hydrated) Pink (Anhydrous) Deep Purple Orange

    II. Cations Identified by Flame Test


    K+ Lilac

    Na+ Yellow / Golden-yellow Li+


    +

    Deep Red / Carmine

    Mg2 Dazzling Bright Light Ca2


    +

    Brick Red / Orange Red

    Sr2+ Deep Red / Crimson Ba2


    +

    Pale Green

    Fe2
    +

    Golden Sparks

    III. Anion Identification Test


    NO3[except for K+ and Na+ and other Gr I nitrates; works for Li nitrate] Thermal Decomposition: Effervescence of brown NO2 is observed. [except for K+ and Na+ and other Gr I carbonates; works for Li carbonate] [no exceptions for hydrogen carbonates] i) Thermal Decomposition: Effervescence of CO2 gas which will turn lime water milky. ii) Addition of Acid to sample: Effervescence of CO2 gas which will turn lime water milky. To differentiate between CO32- & HCO3-: Addition of soluble salt solution from Gr II: CO32- will produce a white precipitate of Gr II salt. HCO3- will produce a colourless solution. SO42NH4+ Addition of HCl(aq) & BaCl2(aq) / HNO3(aq) & Ba(NO3)2(aq) White precipitate of BaSO4 is produced Addition of Alkali and Application of Heat: Effervescence of NH3(g) which turns moist red litmus paper blue

    CO32- / HCO3-

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