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    Energy From Electron Transfer What Is Electron Transfer?: Unit 6 Week 1 Lecture 1 Part 1

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    Energy from Electron Transfer What is electron transfer? understand some basic science, then develop applicable technologies such that the etransfer can be intercepted and converted into electrical energy instead of heat energy.

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    Energy From Electron Transfer What Is Electron Transfer?: Unit 6 Week 1 Lecture 1 Part 1

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    Energy from Electron Transfer What is electron transfer? understand some basic science, then develop applicable technologies such that the etransfer can be intercepted and converted into electrical energy instead of heat energy.

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    chembridge unit6-notes

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    Energy from Electron Transfer What is electron transfer? understand some basic science, then develop applicable technologies such that the etransfer can be intercepted and converted into electrical energy instead of heat energy.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views54 pages

    Energy From Electron Transfer What Is Electron Transfer?: Unit 6 Week 1 Lecture 1 Part 1

    Uploaded by

    api-87739323
    Energy from Electron Transfer What is electron transfer? understand some basic science, then develop applicable technologies such that the etransfer can be intercepted and converted into electrical energy instead of heat energy.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 54

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer Whatiselectrontransfer?

    Unit6 Week1 Lecture1Part1

    Wheredoesmostoftheenergythat drivesoureconomiescomefrom?
    FossilFuels&NuclearPower
    Heatenergyconvertedtomechanicalenergy Powerplantsthentoelectricalenergy Runoutoffossilfuels AirpolluGonfromfossilfuels Climatechangefromfossilfuels Disposalofdangerousnuclearwasteproblemwithnuclear

    Transfer Energyfrome

    CombusGonreacGonsdooccurbecauseofelectron transfer!

    Understandsomebasicscience,thendevelop applicabletechnologiessuchthattheetransfer canbeinterceptedandconvertedintoelectrical energyinsteadofheatenergy.

    OxidaGonReducGonReacGons
    Occurswhenthereisatransferof electronsfromonespeciesto anotherinthecourseofthe chemicalchange OxidaGon:lossofelectrons(OIL) ReducGon:gainofelectrons(RIG)

    2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)

    CombusGonRedox?
    CH4+O2CO2+H2O

    Whatcharge?Allcovalentcompounds?

    OxidaGonNumbers
    1. TheoxidaGon#ofanuncombinedelementis0.

    2. 3. 4. 5.

    6.

    ThesumoftheoxidaGon#sofalltheatomsinaspeciesisequal toitstotalcharge. TheoxidaGon#ofHis+1incombinaGonwithnonmetalsand1 incombinaGonwithmetals. TheoxidaGon#sofelementsinGroups1and2isequaltotheir groupnumber. TheoxidaGon#ofthehalogensis1,unlessitisincombinaGon withoxygenoranotherhalogenhigherinthegroup.The oxidaGonnumberofuorineis1inallitscompounds. TheoxidaGon#ofoxygenis2inmostofitscompounds. ExcepGonsarewithuorine,andasperoxideorsuperoxide.

    Stopvideo,workingroups,pracGceassigning oxidaGonnumbers SO2 SO42 P4O6 KMnO4

    beforeviewingthislecturepleasecompletethePOGIL
    Oxida<onReduc<onac<vity

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer WhatisaREDOXreacGon?
    Unit6 Week1 Lecture2

    OxidizingandReducingAgents
    OxidizingAgentspeciesthatcausesoxidaGon ReducingAgentspeciesthatcausesreducGon IdenGfytheoxidizingandreducingagents: 2H2S(g)+SO2(g)3S(s)+2H2O(l)

    Mg(s)+Cl2(g)MgCl2(s)

    2NaBr(aq)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(aq)+Br2(l)

    Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)

    NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

    ReacGoninAqueousSoluGons (aq)indicatesdissolvedinwater Ifanioniccompounddissolvesinwaterit separatesintoitsions,andtheionsare mobile ToemphasizetheionsthatareparGcipaGngin redoxreacGons,ohenwriteredoxreacGonsin termsofionicornetionicreacGon

    Takeanotherlookatpreviousexamples 2NaBr(aq)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(aq)+Br2(l)

    NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

    PracGceReacGons
    IdenGfythehalfreacGonsforthefollowing:

    Pt4+(aq)+H2(g)Pt2+(aq)+H+(aq)

    Isitbalanced?

    BalancingRedoxReacGons
    IsthefollowingreacGonbalanced? Cu(s)+Ag+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Ag(s)

    reacGons:

    RecognizinghalfreacGonshelpsustounderstandthetechnology ofanelectrochemicalcelladeviceinwhichchemicalenergy canbeconverteddirectlytoelectricalenergy

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer
    Howcanyouextractelectricalenergyfroma redoxreacGon?

    beforeviewingthislecturepleasecompletethePOGIL
    VoltaicCellac<vity

    Unit6 Week1 Lecture3

    Spontaneousetransferisgoingtogiveo energyasthereacGonproceeds
    WritethereacGonbasedonwhatisgoingoninthepicture:

    TheredoxreacGonhasbeenphysicallyseparatedintotwoseparatebeakers, forcingtheelectronowthroughthewire(electricalenergy).

    Electrochemistrythestudyoftheinterchange ofchemicalandelectricalenergy

    ThisdeviceinwhichthehalfreacGonsfroma spontaneousredoxreacGonhavebeen separatediscalledvoltaiccellorGalvaniccell

    NiceFlashAnimaGonshouldhaveexploredthisin VoltaicCellPOGILacGvity.Ifyouhaventalreadyplease takeGmetoexplorethisanimaGon


    hlp://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ essenGalchemistry/ash/galvan5.swf

    VoltaicorGalvanicCelladeviceinwhichchemical energyischangedintoelectricalenergy
    Electrodeconductorsthatmake contactwithcontents AnodesiteofoxidaGon CathodesiteofreducGon Saltbridgeallowschargebalance betweencells. CellpotenGal,E,measureofabilityof acellreacGontopullelectrons throughacircuit.(alsocalled electromoGveforce,emf). CellpotenGalmeasuredinvolts,V. Diculttomeasureaccurately.

    VoltaicorGalvanicCell Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq)||Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s)

    PracGcewriGngcellreacGons
    Writethediagramforacellwithahydrogenelectrodeonthe lehandaniron(III)iron(II)electrodeontheright.Thetwo electrodecompartmentsareconnectedbyasaltbridge.

    PracGcewriGngcellreacGons,cont.
    WritethediagramforacellthathasanelectrodeconsisGngof amanganesewiredippingintoasoluGonofmanganese(II) ionsontheleh,asaltbridge,andacopper(II)copper(I) electrodeontherightwithaplaGnumwire.

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer
    Whydobalerieslooksodierent?

    Unit6 Week2 Lecture4

    TransferringchemicalpotenGaltoelectricalenergy withcreaGvedesignyieldsdierentgalvaniccellsfor dierentapplicaGons

    Diagramofdrycell,similartoEverready baleryorDuracell

    LeadAcidbalery
    6cells2voltseach,total12volts Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+H2SO42PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

    HybridCarsuseNiMHbaleries

    ToyotaPrius GasEngineandElectricMotor

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer
    Whatisafuelcell?
    Unit6 Week2 Lecture5Part1

    FuelCells

    GalvaniccellthatproduceselectricitybyconverGng chemicalenergyofafuelwithoutburningthefuel. SomeGmescalledowbaleries. Mostcommonfuelishydrogen.

    HydrogenFuelCell anode cathode H22H++2e 2e+2H++O2H2O

    CombusGonvsFuelCell

    FuelcellcarsaresGllindevelopmentstagebecause ofexpenseofgeqngfuelandofthefuelcellitself

    CarryingH2aroundisaproblemalsobecauseitisso explosive.CarrymethanolandreformingittoH2isa bigareaofresearch.

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer
    Whatisafuelcell?
    Unit6 Week2 Lecture5Part2

    MiningforH2?
    WherewillwegetalltheH2weneed? Cantdigitoutoftheground. Chemicallyremoveitfromcompounds Methane(sourcenaturalgas) 165kJ+CH4(g)+2H2O(g)4H2(g)+CO2(g)

    Whataboutwaterasthesource?

    Heatorelectricitytobreakthewater

    Touseheathaveto raisetemperatureto 5000C

    NeitherispracGcalforlargeamounts

    Newmaterialsarebeingdevelopedconvert photonstohighenoughenergyelectronsto breakthewatertoyieldH2gas.

    H2fuelcellpromisingcleanenergy,butmany hurdlestoovercome
    ProduceenoughH2 Transportitasgascylindersheavy,limited quanGGes Transportasliquidexpensivetochillto253C CannotuseexisGngnaturalgaspipeline Tryingtoadsorbtocarbonormetals AlotofresearchGme&$$sGllgoesintoallthese problems

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer Canlightenergybeconvertedto electricity?


    Unit6 Week3 Lecture6Part1

    PhotovoltaicCells
    Convertradiantenergy directlytoelectrical energy Lightabsorbedby electronscausing electronstobeexpelled fromonelocaGonand movetoanother locaGon

    Semiconductors:materialsthatdonotnormallyconduct electricity,butcanundercertaincondiGons

    Dopingwithotherelementsleadstonorptype semiconductors:

    Sandwichingthenandptypesemiconductormaterialscreatesa voltagewhichgeneratesadirectcurrentlikeabalery.Addingalow resistancewirewilldirectelectronsaroundexternalcircuitallowing thecircuittodoelectricalwork.

    Ifitisthatcleanandeasy,whydontwejustswitchto solarpower?

    EnergyfromElectronTransfer
    Unit6 Week3 Lecture6Part2

    ResearchisongoingtoincreasetheeciencyofPVcells:

    PhotocellsaresGllmoreexpensivethantradiGonalmethodsof producingelectricity.Lessthan1%ofelectricityisgeneratedusing photocells.

    SomeapplicaGonslendthemselvestothePVcelltechnology:

    ConclusionsElectronTransfer

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