PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Yoga Shri Peeth, Muni Ki Rat!

(Rishikesh) have great pleasure in bringing out the third Edition of "Devatma Shakti (Kundalini) Divine Power" by His Holiness Shri Swami Vishnu Tirtha Ji Maharaj. His Holiness attained Nirvana on the 1st Oct., 1969. It can now be said that this book is the outcome not merely of scholarship but of the 'inner experience' of the author. This 'inner experience' was also shared by a large number of his disciples including scientists, doctors, engineers who were fortunate to be initiated by Him through Shaktipat Dikshs. The book throws light on one of the highest forms of Sadhana, when through the Grace of Sadguru, the human body of Sadhak becomes an instrument and the Great Primordial Shakti- becomes the Sadhak within the body. Even though He is physically no more with us, His presence, grace and guidance is a matter of continuing experience to his innumerable disciples. YOGA SHRI PEETH Muni Ki Reti, (Rishikesh), India. 7th August, 1974. INTRODUCTION Religion is an integral part of sociology. It has not yet become obsolete or a thing of the past but has still a firm hold on the teeming masses of humanity. Of -recent years, there has been a sporadic rising of anti-religious movements, taking their initiative -from., the materialistic outlook of the -Soviet Russia, but it is more certain than otherwise, that all such attempts are doomed to failure. The reason is not far to seek. A man is by instinct a religious being ; there is a natural yearning in him for something that is not of his sensual or intellectual pleasures, but is for something beyond. Why then these anti-religious movements ? Because most of us are sick of bloodshed, exploitation, and warfares in the name of religion. The followers of different religions have in the past freely made use of inquisitions and throat-cutting of those who differed from them in their mode of. worship. India had a name for toleration and always had been extending a hospitable hand to all whosoever sought refuge on her land. Diverse faiths, some of them even atheistic, found here full opportunity to spring up, grow and develop side by side, scholars taking delight in their 'comparative, studies and mutual exchange of thoughts. Votaries of each had full liberty to give an exposition of their views. They invited criticisms from others, and listened to them with toleration and dignity. Such was the India of the: past, but much water has since flown under the bridges and the episodes of the present-day communal tensions and religious intoleration are sufficient to make any sober-minded person to hang down his or her head in shame. Places of worship are sometimes used as sermon. halls for preaching hatred and bloodshed. Cold-blooded murders, stabbing of. innocent persons and regular fightings with lathie, swords and daggers are of common occurrence. This has set many a brain thinking to find out some via media for restoring harmony between different sects which is so essential for the common weal and prosperity of the whole country. Sometimes one is led to think that the day is remote for the consummation of that much sought for peace and tranquillity, but a ray of light at times streams forth- portending. the birth of a universal: religion n based on sound principles preaching common brotherhood of mankind, letting every individual live and let live his neighbours in peaceful communion with God in his or her own way. Under the present state of affairs the country is labouring in the throes of its birth. Hinduism with its multifarious branches affords the evolution of such a one, covering the, ground of them all and having even catholicity enough to embrace within its fold Islam and Christianity. It does not imply that the different religions should die out to make room for the inception of the new one. They have developed into institutions built on the foundation of sound philosophical truths. Each religion was meant to meet the needs of the society of its birthplace and give rise to a culture most fitted to its surroundings enriching the civilisation of the whole mankind in general. The great teachers of the past have been serving to this date as torch-bearers to individuals in their march towards the goal of

spiritual realisation and their pious memories play no small part in contributing to build up our civilisation and culture so precious to every one of us. We owe the best of what we have to those great souls of the past. And it is but natural that their revered names and pious memories are so dear to us. Humanity cannot suffer to forget Ram, Krishna, Buddha, Christ, or Mohammed. Our degradation in respect of our intolerance towards those who differ from us, is not of their heritage, but has crept in for dishonouring and defiling their holy names. No teacher ever suggested splitting of human blood for the propagation of his mission or in commemorating his name. Every religion has a philosophy behind it and in the beginning it started with that philosophy but as time rolled on, it accumulated on its surface much of superstitions, ceremonials, and rituals often not warranted by it. Sometimes the beauties of a particular faith and its high ideals are eclipsed by crude and lifeless ceremonies, the blind observance of which is fondly adhered to by their followers and the least interference therein excites them to extravagant rashness bordering the extreme savage fanaticism. But the victim of such fanaticism is often ignorant to understand the very religion he professes, and probably like a brute he commits arson in the vain hope of attaining favours of the Merciful God or in the expectation of an uncertain heaven hereafter. He is often deluded by a false idea of serving his religion as a defender of faith. He little knows that he does a disservice of a magnitude of the highest degree to the cause he loves dearest and harms the society of which he himself is a member by causing disturbances and creating disruptions. Religion is a means for ennobling one's heart for the realisation of God within and to this end one's prayers are day after day offered for His benedictions. How this end can be achieved through bloodshed passes one's comprehension. True religion consists in communing with Him through meditation and intense emotion of love for Him and His creation. God is not to be found in temples, churches, or mosques, but is to be felt only in the innermost recesses of one's heart. Rites and ceremonies are mere accessories. Be he a Christian or a Jew, a Mohammedan or a Parsi, a Hindu or a Sikh, a Buddhist or a Jain, if he is sincere in his religion, he has to purify his heart of all evils, because God resides in the holy temple of heart and not in congregations of mobs, or within the mere walls of bricks and mortar. A comparative study of different religious systems would show that despite wide differences of their rites and ceremonies they are at one in essence. We foolishly in our zeal of enthusiasm attach the whole importance to rites and discard Truth by denying the very existence of God through felling down living temples of human bodies. Was not man created after God? He verily cannot be found in temples of bricks and mortar if He is absent from heart. Let us grasp the divine essence which like an under-current links diverse faiths running common through their super divergencies, and cast off the accretions. In due course a religion sounder in principle and resting on terra firma of tolerance and universal acceptance would be evolved. As Vedas sing in the following verses: May we know that Supreme. Bring, may we meditate upon that High God, may our vital forces direct us towards Him. Him only by knowing one transcends death, there is no way other than this.

Higher than this is Brahman, the Supreme, the Great. Hidden in all things, body by body, The One embracer of the universe By knowing him as Lord men become immortal. I know this mighty Person Of the color of the sun, beyond darkness.

Only by knowing Him does one pass over death. There is no other path for going there. Than whom there is naught else higher, Than whom there is naught else smaller, naught greater, The One stands like a tree established in heaven. By Him, the Person, this whole world is filled. That which is beyond this world Is without form and without ill. They who know That, become immortal; But others go only to sorrow. Svetasvatara Upanishad 3.7-10

Concisely this is the goal of all religions and the way to achieve it lies through meditation to which end all our energies must therefore be focussed. Religion is therefore mostly a personal concern and consists in the practices of meditation and communion. In Sanskrit language they are respectively called Dhyana and Yoga. In this short work we have attempted to explain on scientific lines certain ideas generally met with in the study of Hinduism, the philosophy underlying and their application to practical pursuits in the field of spiritual knowledge. Some of them are philosophical axioms and others pertain to practical exercises conducive to spiritual realization, and of universal application and acceptance irrespective, of caste, creed or nationality. It is hoped that even non-Hindu readers too would gain by a sympathetic reading of its pages and would find much thoughtful reading, helpful to their respective religious quests on their own lines any whatsoever. The author therefore has apologetically acknowledged the temptation of writing this work in a language not his mother-tongue, but of those who ruled over this land, simply for the benefit of such readers who have been bred and brought up under the influence of western thought and civilization, that they may get an opportunity of understanding and appreciating the very sublime thoughts of the Great Master-Minds of pre-historic India, which she has to date preciously preserved through so many upheavals. of time for generations with a mission to build up a nobler world with a peace loving spiritually advanced race of humankind. Though the mode of expression is their own and not necessarily in conformity with the taste of the present age, the truths conveyed therein are the outcome of serious and deep thinking, valuable universally for all ages. We are passing through an age of physical science, and therefore we have become accustomed to look at everything - secular and spiritual, physical and metaphysical, superficial and transcendental - to judge them in the light of standards laid down by the authors of physical science, though they do not always apply accurately and strictly to fields beyond its range. Every field of research work requires both theoretical thinking, observation and experimental work. Therefore a research scholar of those fields strictly bound by the principles of secular knowledge is apt to miss the finer truths of transcendental spheres, and reliance on mere imagination and theorising would often lead to half-truths and superstitions. The path of a spiritual aspirant needs therefore a cautious and vigilant research, a clear thinking and inspired vision. Hindu scriptures Vedic, Tantric, and the later including the Puranas - hint at so many fine and subtle ideas garbed in their allegorical language that they perplex the brains of modern thinkers, and are usually ignored as fictitious and mythical, the reason being that more often it is found impossible to catch hold of the link interlining the different planes of existence's higher - than our own, mere speculative thinking does not help there. Another difficulty that confronts such pursuits lies in the

fact that higher mystic experiences do not agree with those on the physical plane and at times they are found to run counter. For instance conflicting forces that are at play on the lower planes of existence with. such acuteness and intensity, lose their force on higher planes and their action Leelas down and takes a harmonious turn towards unity. Disruption of forces is the cause of diversity and their harmonious working tends, to unity, and therefore during the process of creation the primary forces. go on splitting into diverse channels, often conflicting with and counteracting one another. Reverse is the path to be pursued by the seekers of Truth. Upanishads declare that in the beginning of every cycle of creation He wills - "I",the One, may become many for creation". His will was an infinite source of tremendous creative energy, which began to radiate and flow in all directions. Every individual ray of that energy is full of inexhaustible and infinite living Power to create and to perpetuate for all times, and these different individual forces do clash and come into collision with one another during their struggle for self perpetuation, losing sight of their original single source. But during the reverse path of self-realisation that struggle begins to lessen, their flow tends to harmonize and ultimately merge into the First Unity. In short, full consciousness of the same original 'I' shines, throbs and pulsates in every ray of individual egoism. Broadly speaking, the different planes of existence are classified under three strata of (1) Pure universal consciousness, (2) Mixed consciousness of unity and diversity, and (3) Impure consciousness of diversities. Deities and souls of jivanmuktas belong to the first plane of Universal Mind, Yogis and spiritual aspirants to the second plane of mixed consciousness retaining their individualities with minds of separate consciousness, tending towards universality and lower down are those receding far from the universal mind, who are bound hard and fast within the circles of their individual egoisms. The inert physical plane devoid of all active consciousness is the last step in the creative process, though it is a form of the same fundamental will to create. As such the way to self-realisation consists in raising one's egoistic consciousness centered on the physical plane to higher and finer planes of spiritual existence. The results of the ancient research work of Indian Rishis in the domains of spirituality have been handed, down to us in as clear a language as possible. They philosophised on higher truths and defined and formulated the principles of spiritual planes for the help of the beginners. The critical side of spiritual study forms the different schools of Indian philosophy. In India philosophy is not an academical study of theories built for merely satisfying an inquisitive mind trying to reveal the secrets of Nature, as is the case with the, occidental. In India philosophy forms the very foundation., on which practical work is to be carried out. The practical side of the work forms that branch of knowledge, which is called Yoga. Yoga is, therefore, not a branch of philosophy in the right sense, but is really a practical science. The science of Yoga has, as such, laid down, defined and formulated the higher principles, though not necessarily with mathematical accuracy, as a student of modern physical science would like to expect. As the field of the practical work extends from the physical plane to the highest spiritual domain, it has different branches relating to the different planes and aspects of approach. We have Hatha Yoga consisting mostly of physical exercises. Mantra Yoga which deals with the subject in its relation to speech, Laya Yoga, a branch of purely psychic refinement, and Raja Yoga that transcends even mind and steps into the higher domains of spirituality. We have as well Karma Yoga, i.e., the philosophy of actions, a preparatory step for spiritual training, Bhakti Yoga, that branch of yoga which deals with the field of devotion and Love for God, Dhyana Yoga, the science of meditation, and Jnana Yoga which culminates in the full realization of Divinity in One's own self. A science is always a science and is of universal application. It is not the monopoly of certain class of men or nations, though much of the credit for exploring this science goes to the ancient Rishis of India. Vast treasures of Sanskrit literature contain numerous texts treating exhaustively one or more of its different aspects separately. No single text is sufficient to deal with at full length the whole scope of the subject in all its details. In the following pages I have attempted to present to the English readers certain salient features of the Hindu system of the yoga philosophy. An attempt is made to put the subject in the light of modern thinking and I have tried to explain some of the connected ideas and theories on scientific

lines, though the attempt is not always an easy task. In support of my expositions I have tried to quote authorities from ancient sanskrit texts. The ideas are old, simply their explanation is mine, though not always in conformity or in accordance with the expositions given by other thinkers. Therefore it is quite possible that I might have erred at places, which I hope is excusable in consideration of the abstruseness of the subject in hand. There are two schools of thoughts in India. Both of them are unanimous with regard to the nature of Atman as pure unalloyed with any foreign matter or metaphysical substance. But they differ uncompromisingly in their outlook of Nature, the Creative Principle, Prakriti. One of them regards it as an independent existence, in no way correlated with Atman, whereas the other school thinks that it is not so, but is the manifestation of Atman's' own Power. Naturally the practical courses prescribed by each school for the realization of Atman should also differ, and hence there exist two courses for practice. According to the' first course Atman has to be distinguished and isolated from Prakriti and its products, and realized in its pure essence, and according to the other the lower psychic products are to be taken back to their immediate causes, reversing the order of sequence of their creation, ultimately the primary product or the highest creative principle is to merge into Atman or Brahman--the only cause of the whole creation. The first creative principle is by that School named as the principal Prana instead of as Prakriti, which in the course, of the creative process. assumes other forms. The term Pram literally means the life-principle, whereas the term Prakriti carries with it the idea of an inert cosmic energy. Both the practical courses cover the whole field of the science of yoga. Roshi Patanjali pointedly prescribes the first method and hence his science of yoga describes the state of realization of self as Sattawa PurushayorannyathaKhyati, i.e., discernment and realization of the difference between Self and Intelligence ; whereas the other school accepting the above stage of realization proceeds a step further and finally aims at a step where the individual Pram merges into the Absolute. The second view finds favour in Upanishadas and even in Pauranic and Tantric literature. Below is quoted the instance of Yudhishthir from Shrimadbhagawat (1, 15, 40-42). There it is said that on hearing from Arjuna the news of Lord Krishna's departure to Heavens, Yudhishthir, traversing the whole course of yoga, step by,,step-dissolved the lower principle into the next higher and finally effected the merger of his personal consciousness into the universal. A free translation of the verses referred to above is given below. Translation : Discarding there all his ornaments and garments, cutting himself off from all worldly attachments, and having subdued even his personal consciousness, he offered his speech as oblation into the fire of his mind, of the mind into Prana, of Prana into the other (Apana), thereof, with its (consequent) creation into death and of death into the five (principles of earth, water, fire, air and ether), next having offered the five into the triad (as oblation into the fire of the three Gunas of Sattwa, Rajas and Tamas), the saint offered the three into the one (Mahat tattwa), and having thus offered everything to the fire of self, effected complete merger of his Self into the eternal Brahman. Offering of oblations is the mystic merger of lower principles into their immediate causes. The process is compared with a Yajna in order to give them the sanctity of a religious worship. Compare also Bh. Gita, Ch. 4, verses 26-30. Thus the whole course is a chain of union of (1) speech with mind, (2) of mind with Prana,, (3) of Prana with Apana, (4) of Apana with Death by overcoming it through conquest of the five principles (Bhootajaya) (5) dissolution of the five principles along with their corresponding sense powers into the triad of Sattwa, Rajas and Tamas, (6) - merger of gunas into Mahat, (7) merger of Mahat' into the self, (g) and finally, ultimate merger of self (personal consciousness into the absolute). Vedic philosophers regard the whole creation on physical and metaphysical planes as a play of different forces, all being different forms of one universal cosmic energy or Power (Shakti), which comes into manifestation from the all-pervading and all-powerful Brahman, the phenomenon may be compared with the formation of mists, clouds, lightning, thunder, rains, hail, snow, and so forth from an all-pervading atmosphere of vapour. Every manifestation of the cosmic power is followed by a corresponding merger completing one cycle. The infinite Cosmic Power appears in the

dynamic state during the creative process and after having accomplished a particular item in hand conceals itself with its infinite potentiality in the static residual form at some basic centre of that individual item. In this residual form it is known as Kundalini Shakti or the Coiled Power, which when uncoiles on being roused to action begins to retrace its -reverse path to its parental source, as is the case with electric energy. Every phase of the universal creative phenomenon is an outcome of the energy in operation through dualities of opposite charges. As such its manifestation on different planes of. the physical and psychic', there runs the thread of the same one universal power. The Indian mystics regard it as a living force of. the universal Soul of the whole creation. Procreative fluids, prana and apana, prana and mind are the opposite charges of that force at different planes-physical, astral and psychic. When the two opposite charges unite on a particular plane, they give rise to another set of a duality of, charges on the next subsequent plane. When the Residual Static Coiled Power is once roused at its basic centre, it commences its upward journey on higher planes through the union. of opposite charges of its manifestation, covering the whole course of mystic progress. This mystic power can easily be roused through Shaktipata. A spiritual hand transmits a spark of the highest potentiality into the astral body of an aspirant and sets ablaze his or her Kundalini Power for the upward spiritual journey. I have attempted to throw light on these subjects in this short book. The task , is huge and needs perfect practical experience for an elaborate and comprehensive treatment of the subject. I being but a novice and a mere apprentice in this mystic science, confess my inability to do full justice to the subject, and hope to be excused for drawbacks that may be found in such a short treatise. Before I close I feel it my duty to express my heart-felt gratitude to my friends His Holiness Swami Sadananda Tirtha and Mr. U. C. Datta, Principal, Govt. Inter. College, Moradabid, now Inspector of Schools at Bareilly, for their revising the manuscript and helping me with their valuable sugges tions. I also owe a deep sense of gratitude towards Shri Mahamahopadhyaya Pt. Gopinath Kaviraj, M.A., formerly Principal, Govt. Sanskrit College, Banaras (a well-known scholar of tantric literature), who has very kindly at the cost of his valuable time gone through the manuscript and has favoured me with a short foreword expressing his esteemed opinion. I take this opportunity to express my great indebtedness to my spiritual Master Shri Yoganandaji Maharaj also for his spiritual guidance and his valuable collections of authorities from numerous old texts that gave me material for the work. I have quoted in this book certain passages translated from his Hindi work Mahayoga Vijnana. Further I have full sense of gratitude towards those friends too who have otherwise very kindly contributed towards its publication and made it available to the general readers. Dated 18-12-48. VISHNU TIRTHA

Chapter V. Kundalini Power

'As of all' with hills, woods and lands the support is the lord of Serpents, so of all the treatises of Yoga the support verily is kundali. (Kundalini) It has been shown in the foregoing pages that the Vedic Uchchishtha Brahman figures in the Pauranic mythology as Sesha Serpent and is the Residual Serpent power left over after the creation is complete and the corresponding static adhyatma; is pictured as Narayana resting on the Serpent. There sesha is described as supporting the Cosmos. In individual living beings the individualized Sesha left over after the physical body is built up is described as Kundalini Serpent, which supports the individual body, having Her Seat at Moolddhar (Mool--root, Adhdr---support) the root or basic support of the spinal cord known to the anatomist as coccygeal bone or coccyx. The corresponding static adhydtma is swayambhoolinga, self-born thallic-formed Shiva with the kundalini serpent coiling around three and half times, asleep with tail in her mouth placed at the top. What aroused the Power uncoils and takes its march back to the evolutionary side loosening the bondage. She ascends the spinal nerve and displays higher visions during the march of ascent. In cerebrum She comes into communion with Her Loral and merges into the Static Real. At other times when She is not in communion, She resides in the Vishuddha Chakra of the Cervical region resplendent in Her purity. When awakened She is experienced by Yogins as a spiritual guide who directs, controls, governs and leads the aspirants on the spiritual path to moksha like a living conscious divine help-mate, with Her vigilant hand helping Her favourite all the twenty-four hours in sleep, dreams and waking state, and at times takes him up for the Saniddhic communion with Her Lord. She then works character of a man and develop into instinct. The particular actions and environments are soon lost behind the vistas of past time and memory lets them slip off its hold, but their influence on the mind lasts tenaciously throughout the life and even transmigrates to future births. Certain children are by nature shy, polite, modest, truthful, peace-loving, merciful and possessed of fine character whereas others are mischievous, cruel and naughty. Certain part of their character might b due to their training but mostly it would appear on exanplation that they got those characteristics from birth, family consequences having had little effect on them. Different children of the same parents, brought up within the same surroundings under similar influences show quite opposite tendencies and inclinations. Character includes both good and bad habits a person has imbibed. When once a habit is formed it requires a hard struggle to quit it; one has to undo the whole lot of mischief that has been done on the mind by the long process of repetition. Therefore we ought to be ever watchful as to how a particular incident impresses us. If our minds are proof against outer influences we have no fear of contracting any habits. Particular incidents and individual actions do not much count but it is the animus and the motive that is to be taken care of, as they are responsible for the formation of a man's nature. A person's social, moral, intellectual and spiritual culture is thus built by a gradual discipline of mind through long thinking and by acting up to the ideal in his mode of living. Thus a mind free from attachment and hatred, always deeply engrossed in high pursuits, not minding the likes and dislikes of the objective world or ups and downs of life, steers through his mission with brave, fearless and undaunted heart, stands like a rock against the waves of the seething ocean of life. He forms a ,character, firm and bold, not affected by the society he moves in, but moulding the latter after his own fashion. He works hard and lives a busy life working miracles all his life, butt himself remaining unaffected like a lotus leaf in water. Such persons are called jiwanmuktas and are free from the worldly bondages even in life, and after death shall be absorbed into the universal, spirit no more to be reborn no passively as when sleeping but as divine mother on all the three planes of physical, astral and causal bodies. Her movements are then felt, Her voice heard, and presence experienced. She then becomes a Reality and not simply an object of imagination and conjecture.

To a person of the modern education every idea connected with spirituality conveys an impression of something like nothing; if anything it is of a nature paling into the realm of unreality and superstition. To students of physic science, Metaphysics, every thought pertaining to God and Powers of the Spiritual World suggest an abnormality of brain, any attempt to understand or systematize phenomena of the higher planes of spiritual life a waste of time, and any expression of Divine Powers is simply absurd and meaningless. But fortunately in recent years attention of some of our educated persons on Western lines has taken a turn. The teachings of the Arya Samraj and Christian Missionary that had been working to cut at the very root of old beliefs have by reaction aroused a sense of curiosity to understand them, their mystic significance and philosophy. But such of them who possess a sense of reverence for old traditions are generally accused of blind superstition, though at times rightly, but not necessarily always. Faith is not always superstition. Faith combined with constructive reasoning prepares ground for sound knowledge. Faith governs the motive power and breeds desire for knowledge, which in turn gives necessary impetus for research work; sound and constructive reasoning 'shows the right path and guards against loopholes and pitfalls. Strong faith tempered with sound constructive reasoning is, therefore, what a research student of any field must need. But for some time past we have been witnessing in our educated people a tendency of fostering that line of reasoning which is justly named destructive, absolutely devoid of faith. This tendency has been making the mind of our youths a barren land of hot sands where no seed of spiritual knowledge can grow. Five senses combined with admittedly incomplete aid of inference are by such men regarded quite sufficient to unravel the vast hidden treasures of knowledge lying behind the superficial phenomena of Nature. The sixth son can claim that the whole store has been explored. We may still be picking up pebbles on the shore of the deeps of knowledge. When it can be so said about our knowledge .f the physical plane much more can be said about the higher spheres still unexplored. Metaphysics and occult sciences, have already given glimpses in that direction. We see that this Universe is a play of two kinds of forces secular and spiritual; physical and metaphysical. Physical science gives us information of the former and over the other it possesses no jurisdiction. It is it not fool hardiness on its to discount and set at nought the vast field of knowledge that transcends its very bounds, deny, denounce and ignore what is beyond its approach and try to judge and measure things spiritual with physical standards? Kundalini Shakti has met a similar fate. She is identified with some nerve unknown to the anatomists. Even Dr. Rele, the learned author of the work "Mysterious Kundalini ", has been led to identify the Mother Kundalini with the right vagus nerve. But in fact kundalini is as much the vagus or any other nerve as soul is an atom in the physical body, heart or brain. The author of the "Mysterious Kundalini" has been led to such a belief as he appears to have confused the kundalini shakti with the power of muscle and nerve control which is not the case. Even a person without his kundalini shakti awakened can acquire the power of controlling, at his will, muscles and the autonomous working of pulse and heart, and on the contrary a person with his Kundalini well awakened may fail to do the same at will. It is true that the nervous system governs and controls physical, mental and intellectul faculties and as such also the spiritual powers to an extent, but the relation between the two is like that of a radio receiver and the electric power which works it both from in and out, internally through wires and externally without wires. Kundalini shakti too works inside the body through the wires of the nervous system and from outside without their help. Sir John Woodrofle in his foreword to the "Mysterious Kundalini" has correctly and in the clearest of expression has refuted the nerve view of kundalini in these words. "She is the Grand Potential. As such she cannot, in my view, be identified with any of the products which she becomes. Kunddini is in my opinion a gross form of Shakti." Here Kundalini means a sleeping Kundalini. Again he says, "She is then not as such in my view, a nerve or any other physical substance or mental faculty but the ground substance of both, which, on being roused ascends and is merged in the higher tattwas ending in shiva shakti tattwas, when she is said to be merged in Param Shiva. Kundatini is the Dynamic Real as the residual power, the power left over after the production of Prithivi, when she coils herself around the Swayabhoo I,Linga or Static Real and rests ". We fully endorse the above view, as has already been pointed out that Pran-Shakti, the

Dynamic life principle, left over after the involutionary process has worked out a human body or a body of the animal or vegetable kingdom is called kundalini shakti but she has the potentiality of being roused for spiritual evolution only in human beings. In the different treatises of Hatha Yoga such as Hatha Yoga Pradipika and others, seat of the kundalini shakti is described to be located in the centre of an egg like kanda (root) in the pelvic region. Some regard it as a muscle at the lower part of the body between the genital organs and the rectum, known to the yogin as yonisthan; others consider it as those muscles which cover the bony coccygeal and sacral triangular portions of the vertibral column with the seat of kttndalini at the base of the sacrum and at the top of coccyx, where the terminal part of the spinal cord rests. Again, others consider ganglion impar as her seat. Her description as sleeping there, as a coiled serpent, appears suggestive to the wrong idea that kundalini is a particular nerve and that idea is strengthened by the fact that for awakening the power all works, on hatha yoga invariably prescribe a course of physical exercises. It is also thought that through regular practice of those exercises the nervous system with its various ganglia is stimulated to give rise to a sort of physical reactionary force resembling muscular impulse. But roused kundalini is not a temporary result of the nervous stimuli, she is a permanent power working throughout, independent of the nervous system, divine by nature, and source of our life, intelligence and consciousness, though her activity comes to manifestation through nerves, heart and brain. The physical exercises of certain nerves help to rouse her dormant power just in the same way as by revolving a dynamo electricity is generated, electric power by no means being identical with the metallic wires wiapped round a magnet. Kundaini is also roused by Divine Love and devotion and utter self surrender to God, through "Japam" or repetition of His holy names, His meditation and spiritual knowledge. She is also awakened by the favour of spiritua1 masters who by a mere touch or a kindly look do in a second, arouse the kundalini shakti of those whom they are pleased to favour. The last process is known as initiation through shaktipat, that is, transmission of shakti. She can also be awakened by fixing the mind at Mooiddlutr * the seal of kundalini and through strong concentration at mind at that point.

* Human body if measured by one's own fingers measures 86 fingers from the sole of the foot to the top of the head and the seat of kundalini is midway exactly 48 fingers from both ends.

Chapter VI BRAHMACHARYA AND PANCHAGNI VIDYA Cycle of Procreation It has been said above that creation is a cycle of involution and evolution of the Dynamic self or the creative aspect of Atman Thqre are again cycles within cycles of such involutions and evolutions at different planes. The first is the cosmological cycle of cosmic manifestation from the Shiva principle to the last physical plane and back; then there is a second cycle of psychogenesis, i.e., the involution of psychic Prana to the vegetable kingdom and back through evolution from vegetable kingdom to the animal till human life is reached. Again, there is a third cycle, the cycle of transmigration of souls of individual beings, the bodies of different planes serving like vehicles. The fourth is the cycle of procreation of individual species of all bodies from the whole body organism into the seed form and then the evolution of the body from the seed. Every seed possesses potentiality of evolving out a corresponding living body in all its details and every tree involves its whole self into innumerable seeds of its species over again. Similarly; in the case of animals and mankind there are male and female bodies which work out in their respective bodies male and female seeds, the two combined give birth to fresh forms of their species. But every microcosm is cosmos in miniature, and therefore the cosmic involutionary process can be individually given the evolu-tionary turn in the top most perfect microcosm of human form. The Hindu sages have pointed out that it can be accomplished through living a life of celibacy named by them as brahmacharya, which is conducive to God realization, because it leads the individual male or female to Brahman. Shukra or semen in the seed form, is the last stage of involution having been worked out in the course of the cosmic half of the cycle. According to the Hindu thinkers it is said that in the womb a young one takes six months to develop from embryo to its completeness of physical body, and during the seventh month soul enters it to inhabit; that is, the body evolves out of the spermatozoa and the full course of evolution takes six months when it becomes fit f or soul to reside in. Thus evolution on the physical plane is independent of soul for six' months and is sustained with life by mother like other limbs of her body and during the seventh month it becomes a separate soul. The evolution of the psychic component then commences and continues even after birth for the whole of life. Therefore spiritual evolution can be set in motion on both the planes. Hat ha Yogine give start from the lowest physical plane, whereas Raja Yogins ignore the physical side and take up the psychic one from the very beginning. But evolution on the physical plane is no less valuable. It prepares ground for higher developments and makes the whole foundation solid for full development. Therefore even the latter class of aspirants have to observe Brahmacharya, though they neglect Hatha yoga. At death the psychic body involves back to the seed form and migrates with soul to take up a fresh body which has been built and kept ready in the womb of some other mother. This physical supplement is built through evolution of the impregnating fluids supplied by the parental bodies, which have involved into them the seed for fresh form of their own species. The course of spiritual evolution breaks through both the physical and psychic cycles and puts a stop to further tranamigration. The individual soul loses Its individuality and becomes one with Brahman. The involutionary course of Prana to vegetable and animal kingdoms is described in the Chhandogya Upanishad by a simile of five fold sacrifice known as Panchagni Vidya, the science of five fires. There it is said that Gods offer oblations of Shraddha to the heavens as the first sacrificial fire and soma is produced. They again offer oblations of soma into Parjanya, the electric zone of atmosphere as the second sacrificial fire and rains are the result. Again, they offer oblations of rains on to the earth as the third sacrificial fire producing vegetable food for animals. Next, they offer oblations of vegetable food to the animal body, the fourth sacrificial fire and the result is spermatozoa of the male genital fluid, i.e., semen. Lastly, they offer oblations of semen into the ovum of a female, which is compared with the fifth sacrificial fire, giving birth to an offspring. Heavens the divine plane, Parjanya - the electric zone of clouds, earth, male body and the female womb are the five fold successive sacrificial fires and shraddhti, soma, rains, food, semen, and the child, are the successive stages of involution in which the original Prdna emanating from the Adhyatmabhava gets involved. Shraddhd is that favourable disposition of heart combined with happiness of mind which, when directed towards superiors inspires faith and

when directed towards juniors, inspires beneficence. It is the first product of Prana. See Prashnopanishada (6, 4) "From Prana comes Shraddha." Soma is a life giving fluid supposed to be showered by the moon with her light and descends on vege-tables to form vitamins and is also present in the cerebrum. When a man reverses the involutionary cycle in his own body he makes a start with the control of his sex energy. A Hatha yogin through the practice of what is known as Bajrolimudra learns the art of sucking up his semen through his genital organ during sexual intercourse and thus gives it an evolutionary turn through its assimilation in his own body, but an ordinary person tried to do the same through control of sexual impulse and refraining from conjugality. Semen is called the gross vindu. The internal five fires, the subtle vindu and soma is known as the finest vindu. These three vindus are to the Yogin three forms of his own self. Semen, the male impregnating fluid, is called Shukra and also vindu in the sanskrit language and the fluid discharged by ovaries of females which when combined with spermatozoa of the male semen develops instantly into an ovum of the embryo, is called Raja and is also regarded as vindu. Ovaries of female are glands similar to testies of the male genital glands. The science of yoga informs us that Raja ia also present in the males but in an undeveloped coiidltion and is situated in the perinium muscle known to the yagins as yontsthan. Similarly Shukra in undeveloped condition is present in the females. Thus Shukra and Raja both exist in the bodies of both males and females. A yogi combines the two oppositely charged fluids in one's own system and starts the evolutionary action. Translation Gita ch 15 verses 13 and 14 where the lord as omsa is shown nourishing vegetable life and as Vaishwanara digesting the food taken in by animals: That vindu is of two kinds, white and red, white is called Shukm and. the red is called Maharaja. Red like the Vindrura tree, raja is situated in the yonisthan and in the seat of the moon resides the vindu. Vindu is Shiva, Raja is shakti; Vindu is the moon and Raja is the sun; the combination of both is very difficult; through their union only the highest stage namely of soma is achieved. Union of Shukra and Raja outside one's self within the womb of a female produces an offspring; but within one's own. system starts evolution of the involved Prana shakti which evolves through the internal five fires to soma, the highest vindu in the cerebellum. Soma in turn brings samadhi through merging of mind and prana into the Self. Soma has been described above as the life giving fluid that descends from heavens, with the moonlight and takes the form of parjanya and showers down with rain, builds up vegetation and enters the body with the vegetable food and is ultimately transformed into semen. One, whose semen, instead of getting out, rises up back into the system reverts it again to soma. Thus a life of celibacy affects the loosening of the utilise their juices, they are assimilated by the system for health building purpose or some better one. Such persons are called Urdhvaretas, because their creative energy goes up instead of flowing out. Through the control of sex impulse, the creative energy of a person is raised to higher planes. Napolean Hill, an American writer, in his work 'Think and grow rich,' says that sex energy can be transmuted to higher creative energies of science, art, poetry, etc. We quote below his own words: "If it is not transmuted into some creative effort, it will find a less worthy outlet." Therefore he suggests that through sex transmutation, i.e. switching the mind off the thoughts of physical expression to thoughts of some other nature, great geniuses are produced. He at at another place in the same connection also admits a very close relationship between sex desires and spiritual urges. "It is a fact very well known to the Psychologists," he continues. Therefore he desires his readers to control and direct their creative energy to its best use, which is inborn with every person and on its plane of physical expression surpasses every other impulse in the shape of sex energy. This energy which finds outlet in the form of sexual indulgence in ordinary cases, is not to be curbed and annihilated; that will mean emasculation, but should be made to flow through higher and nobler spiritual channels. He also adds that transmutation of sex energy can easily make a man or woman develop in him or her the 'sixth ,sense' of what he calls the creative imagination, otherwise known as the inner voice of inspiration, Ilham or Divya adesha, the divine communications. A yogi does not stop there, but with full determination proceeds on to reach the top of complete evolution of self. To him secular achievements are merely of secondary

significance. *Astral Fluid The Hindu philosophers believe that all bodies are products of a very fine substance which is a form of water and hence is called ......in sanskrit....., it is not steam or vapour but is a super sensible substance pervading all bodies, and perhaps on account of its starry nebulous nature, it has been called by the the theosphists as astral fluid. On account of its being a diffused gaseous matter, it is perhaps somehow connected with water. According to the nebular theory it is supposed that all stars and planets in their earliest stage of formation appear in the form of nebula, and are formed of some substance perhaps the same as astral fluid, it is also said that the bodies of ghosts and spirits are also formed of the same substance. Shri Shankarcharya commenting on Brahmasutra, chapter 3, 1, named Tadantarpratipatti adhikaran, aphorisms, 1 to 7, commencing from the aphorism, (3, 1, 1) says that on death a soul having cast off old body departs to enter a new one clothed in a substance formed of Bhootasukshma of which the astral bodies are formed and that substance is a form of water*. Naked souls with psychic faculties cannot move without the support of some medium serving them as vehicle and water in the form of a fine substance form their astral covering. This substance pervades all space and is fire proof; therefore after cremation of physical body the astral body rises up to the moon, the sun or other heavenly stars. In the first oblation gods, viz., the virtuous persons or priests are described to offer to heavens as the first sacrificial fire shraddba and soma isthe first production, they then offer soma to the clouds or the electic atmosphere producing rain and so forth. Shankacharya, discussing the subject at great length proceeds to say that the word shraddha, a word for faith, stands for waters in the form of some astral fluid; because every thing consumed in the sacrificial fire is reduced to that fluid and is projected towards heaven with the mental force of the devotee's faith. All our noble and virtuous deeds, our prayers and oblations offered with faith project that astral fluid from ourbodies to the higher regions. The moon being the nearest heavenly body and a satellite of the earth attracts the astral fluid thus projected up and converts it into soma which in turn falls on the electric atmosphere of the earth and showers with rains, it descends with rain water and takes the form of sap in vegetables, and lastly takes the form of semen when vegetables are consumed as food. Therefore astral fluid plays a very significant part in our system. Ovum in the womb and the embryo in its full development is thus the creation of astral fluid; and when a departed soul embodied in astral fluid enters the womb, the astral fluid composing the astral body links it with the physical component of the young. That is how the fourth cycle gets into co operation with the third. Thus a person on death casts off the old physical body, transmigrates in an astral body, enters a womb and gets into the already built fresh physical body perhaps predesignated for that particular soul. The astral fluid serves the purpose of linking the astral body with the still loose and free astral part of the physical body. A yogi through Brahmacharya acquires control over the astral fluid in his body. But the fact that the astral fluid is also an involute form of Prana should not be lost sight of. Ths treatises of yoga have named the body formed of astral fluid as Pranamaya Kosha and the physical body as Annamaya Kosha, coverings formed of Prana and food respectively, the third sheath consisting of mental powers is called the psychic or Manomaya Kosha. Shraddha a mental disposition makes a person confer beneficence on juniors and receive benedictions from superiors through the medium of Pranamaya Kosha astral fluid serving as via media, whose flowing currents are felt by a yogi. A yogi inverts the outflow of his semen and converts it into soma and thus acquires control over the astral body. Such a yogi can at will connect and disconnect the link connecting the astral and the physical bodies. The reversed course of five fold internal evolutionary turn of semen to aoma is as given below. In the first stage semen is sacrificed into the fire of the opposite sexual fluid situated in the muscle between the anus and the genital organ, when the two charges unite, heat is produced which converts semen into a finer substance, which is perhaps absorbed by the various glands in the body, which in turn generates a kind of electric power and is by analogy called personal electricity, which then concentrates at mooladhar and rises up the spinal. Spinal passage corresponds to the outer atmosphere is regarded as a passage to the sun. See Vichaspati's commentary on Yoga Darshan sutra (3, 26) .........where Suryadwar is explained

as sushumna. Seat of the sun is supposed in the navel region with face downwards emitting poison, which is thereby turned upwards and begins to give up soma, i.e. the spinal electricity makes it discharge soma. Soma rises up the cerebellum where lies the seat of the moon and corresponds to the heavenly region where soma is converted into the astral fluid. Seat of soma is therefore at the midpoint of eyebrows "The atmospheric electricity is the fire corresponding to the internal, i.e., the personal electricity, the fire in the skies, viz, the sun corresponds to fire in the navel region, here the sun pours poison, but when his face is turned upwards it begins to discharge nectar, at the root of palate is situated the moon with face downwards raining nectar." Thus raja in the Yonisthan, bodily glands, mooladhar, spinal cord and cerebellum are the five internal sacrificial fires corresponding to the outer five sacrificial fires in the reversed order. With the completion of this evolutionary course a yogi acquires control over his astral body having reverted the fourth cycle of involution. But this is possible only after first mastering the Bajroli and Khechari mudra, or his Kundalini Power having been awakened, because it is the awakened kundalini only that starts the uncoiling of the involved forces and sets them into action. Having thus acquired control over the procreative phase of involution, the third cycle of transmigration is also brought under control and emancipation from the cycle of births and deaths is made possible. Mind, astral fluid and Soma are lunar products, therefore Soma and astral fluid impart strength to mind, make it stable and give it the evolutionary turn towards Prana, the primary cause of all creation. Soma is the highest form of vindu and semen the lowest. Science of yoga prescribes practices which make a yogi taste of the Soma fluid. In the case of ordinary persons, it flows down the spinal cord in the ordinary course of nature and is burnt in the fire of the Sun; but a yogi through the practice of khechari makes it drop down the nasal roof and by raising his tongue into the palatial cavity above the soft palate begins to taste it. The fluid so tasted rejuvenates his whole system; perhaps all glands of his body become charged afresh with vitality bringing in youth-like age even to old bodies. Such a yogi can digest even poisons with no harm to his system. In conclusion we may say that a seed is the last product of creation and every seed possesses two lobes, serving the function of a female and a male, both combined have the power of germinating, so is the case with the animal kingdom. In the case of human beings when the two are made to combine internally they instead of procreating for the continuation of their species, evolve out a force which makes. the potentially residual Kundalini Power kinetic and gives it the evolutionary turn. As in the case of sex enjoyment both the parties experience a kind of sensual pleasure, in the same way the union of all dual forces, viz., Prana and Apana, Ida and Pingal, and Shukra and Raja make the forces of mind and Prana discharge themselves into the Absolute, yielding a higher sense of spiritual bliss.

Chapter VII PRANA - TATTWA In the first chapter it has been pointed out that Bhootabhava takes up two forms. In one case it goes down and takes up the form of Viaarga Bhava, in the other it radiates without being involved, it then animates the individual bodies with the rays of life and is called Prana. The Universal Prana is called Mahat or Sat in manifestation, a universal life principle, whereas in individual cases the two aspects are clearly perceptible as body and life. The physical and astral bodies of a person belong to the category of Bhootczbhava, which reflect life with the reflection of Prana, whose rays emanate from the individualized Adhyama Bhava. At death the individual Prana leaves the physical body, which in consequence begins to decompose into its components in the universal Bhootabhava where these components dissolve into their respective elementary forms. But death does not cause separation of the astral body from Prana. The rays of prana which during life radiate from the self stop their out flux at death and revert to their centre in the subconsciousness of the causal body, Karan Sharir, taking within their fold the senses, mind, intellect and consciousness, intact into subconsciousness as happens during sleep, and the karan sharir migrates to take up a fresh physical body. Whereas at moksha the components of the astral body undergo an evolution and one after the other evolve to prana which merges into the Adhyatma Bhava and then in the Paramabhava. Therefore it is said that ...... "pranas of him do not get out when the mortal body is cast off." Goudapada Acharya in his Karikas on Mandukyopanishad vide verse six says that it is definite that the production of all states of existence (waking, dreaming a sleep) is the creation of prana, the rays of life, (emanating from) purusha, a separate existence. In answer to the question of Kausalya Ashwalayan, Rishi Pippalada speaks as follows, about the individual prana vide Prashnopanishad "From Self this prana emanates. As Aura or Shadow is to the body so it is within it, it pervades and dominating the mind it comes into the body (3.3)." "Just as a king appoints his officers and empowers each of them over certain towns saying, thou shalt rule over such particular town likewise the principal prana appoints others at different posts (3.4) ." "At anus and genital organs he appoints 'Apana', on eyes, ears, mouth and nose the principal prana himself rules, in the middle appoints samana, so called because it equally distributes all over the body the food taken in, thereby the seven flames (two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and one mouth) arise (3.5)." "Now in the heart abides the self, junction of hundred nerves (Nadis) and one. Of these hundred each sends forth another hundred and then the latter send forth off-shoots, seventy-two, each a thousand times. In these pervades and flows Vyana (3.6) ." "Now, by the one going up, the Udana leads (after death) the virtuous to higher worlds and the sinner to the world of the sinful and brings one with both sins and virtues back into the land of man (3.7) ." Thus the individual prana pervades the whole body and subdivides itself into five forms named according to the functionary activity of each. They all work through nerves. Generally the word prana is used for breath, but according to the science of yoga it is that force which controls breath. It is the force of life itself, the Jiwani shakti whose currents flow up and down the whole nervous system and as such may be described as life-giving motor power. It is also experienced that it can be transmitted from one person to another. The flow of its currents is both voluntary, i.e., subject to the will of a person and independent of it. In the case of ordinary persons this power works in a dormant condition and appears as an autonomous nervous impulse, but a yogi brings its flow under the control of his will and can transmit it out of his person. His attempt is to drive it to the root of the spinal cord and having focussed it there send it up the spinal channel to cerebrum, Sahasrar, when the yogi gets into a

trance or samadhi. Function of Prana is threefold through volition, action and knowledge; the triply manifested one power is centred where the highest light of Om from the Adhyatmabhava radiates. As volition it works through mind, as action through motor nerves, and as knowledge through sensory nerves. Hence the whole of our nervous system has this triple allotment. The work of the nervous system is again double. In one case it regulates and keeps the bodymachine in a healthy working order and in the other case it brings the body into communication with the rest of the outer world, therefore that part of the system whose function is to keep in order the inner working of the body and work Its machinery soundly is practically autonomous, and that part of the system which keeps us informed of the outer world is also autonomous, viz., the sensory nerves of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. But another system of motor nerves that keeps the body actively in contact with the outer world works under volition. The sensory nerves are all ingoing. They convey the impressions made on the senses to the sensory centres in the brain before they are received and cognized. The motor nerves of action are outgoing. They carry orders from the brain and put the different limbs into action. Again the first class of nerves called the autonomous system whose function is to work the inner machinery of the body also consists of both ingoing and outgoing nervous fibres. The ingoing fibres are called afferent and the outgoing ones are known as efferent. Afferent fibres are acceleratory and catabolic, i.e., discharging and disruptive in action, and efferent nerves are inhibitory, i.e., restraining and anabolic, upbuilding and constructive in action. The autonomous system is divided as sympathetic system and parasympathetic system. The accelerative or the catabolic function is more or less the work of the sympathetic system and as such consists of ingoing fibres and parasympathetic system is more or less of inhibitory and anabolic function, and as such consists of mainly outgoing fibres. This system is called sympatljetic, because it works in sympathy with viscera and blood vessels of the body. The work of keeping the brain centres informed of the working of the whole body machine is done by the afferent or ingoing fibres and the constructive and upbuilding repair work is done by the efferent or outgoing fibres. In the treatises of the science of yoga the whole nervous system is regarded as worked by Prana working both under volition, i.e., subordinate to mind and independently. In the former case too prana holds the key, because suppression of prana automatically suppresses the mind, therefore it is said that Prana is superior to all and controls every activity of the physical and psychic bodies. We shake and move our hands, feet, head and other limbs at will and make them stretch, move, bend or twist as we like. it is done through motor nerves working under volition. Again, there are muscles, and other parts of the body like heart, intestines, kidneys, etc., whose action is autonomous; but it has been found in case of many persons that their actions can also be to an extent brought under volitionary control. It has been demonstrated that every muscle can be moved at will by developing one's will power in a way that acquires muscular control. Similarly beatings of pulse and heart can also be though practice brought under the control of volitionary force. In case of senses, they work automatically We may close our eyelids, but when not closed they must see, we cannot withhold the power of vision. Similarly, if we do not like to hear any harsh or unpleasant sound or voice, we are helpless in checking the power of hearing; similar is the case with taste; smell and touch. The principal functions of the nerves of the autonomous system are what the yoga system calls Prana, apana, samtana, vyana and udana. Prana works the sensory nerves and all ingoing fibres and in the autonomous efferent fibres of the respiratory system, the middle Samana works the digestive system, Apana works the excretory system, Vyana the circulatory system, and Udana the muscular system. Udana keeps a person stand erect on his legs and at death leads the soul to other births for reincarnation.

The modern neurology has classified the nervous system under three heads: 1. Spinal 2. Sympathetic 3. Cranial Spinal system consists of the spinal cord and its offshoots from its different regions, cervical, thoracial, lumber, sacral and pelvic, which spread out to all limbs of the body. This system mostly consists of volitionary motor nerves. The spinal cord stands up from its lowest point fixed on the coccygeal pedastal, encased in a bony spinal column usually known as backbone and ends in the lowest brain called Medula Oblangata. Yogis call the spinal cord Sushumna. The second system consists of the two gangliated trunks of nerves situated outside the backbone one on each side of it. They are joined in a knot known as ganglion im-par, behind anus and both rise upto the hind brain. Through each of their 24 ganglia both have connections with the spinal cord passing through the corresponding vertebra on the two sides. They are the Ida and Pingala of the science of yoga. Compare their description in the following verse quoted from Shat chakra Nirupana: "Outside of Meru, the spinal bone, are situated on its left and right respectively the nerves of the Moon and the Sun and inside it is the nerve Sushumna of 3 aspects lunar, solar and fiery." Left half of the column is lunar, right half is solar and the central canal is of fire. The third system consists of nerves for eyes, nose, tongue, face and one descending from the floor of the fourth ventrical down through chest, heart, abdomen, and below down to the pelvic region. This last nerve is known as Vagus nerve. Others are sensory nerves and motor nerves for those parts. But Vagus nerve is autonomous in its function. Dr. Rele, the author of the Mysterious Kundalini, has given the right branch of this nerve a great importance, assuming it to be the Kundalini itself. The different plexuses of the sympathetic system, viz., pelvic, hypogastric, solar, cardiac, pharyngeal and nasociliary plexuses, which have communications with the right branch of the vagus nerve are respectively regarded by him as mooladhar, swadhishthan, manipur, anahat, vishudha and ajna chakras of the yogic system.

Dr. Rele compares the vagus nerve with Kundalini in the following words ," The vagus nerve may thus be divided into three parts, first portion in the medula is composed of efferent fibres and is situated at the lower part of the fourth ventrical of the brain and corresponds with the mouth of the kundalini. The second portion, from below the base of the skull down to its connection with the solar plexus is composed of afferent and efferent fibres. It is curved in shape and corresponds with the body of the kundalini. The third and the last portion composed mainly of afferent fibres connects the hypogastric and pelvic plexuses with the body of kundalini through the intermediary of the solar plexus. This is said to be the tail of the kundalini. The accelerative or the catabolic function is more or less a part of the sympathetic portion of the autonomic system and the inhibitory or anabolic function, a part of the para-sympathetic, i.e., mainly of the vagus. Thus the sympathetic system and the vagus are both opposite in action or directly antagonistic." Besides, the spinal system also possesses plexuses in the pelvic, sacral, lumber and cervical regions. Thus the nerves stretching out in legs have their roots in sacral and lumber plexuses, those of abdomen in the lumber and nerves of the pelvic region in the pudendal plexus, and those of arms and hands in the cervical plexus. These plexuses work under volition. Thus all the three systems are inter-connected though they have independent functions. It has already been pointed above that kundalini is not a nerve, vagus or any other, but is a power, which on being roused works the whole system. Her description as lying asleep at the door of SushumnA is figurative and should not be taken literally. Vagus nerve is named as Alambusa * in many Upanishadas described as running from kanda in the pelvic region right up to the acoustic nerves. Dijierently it is named as kurma-nddi in the thoracial region. See Vyas Bhashya on

Patanjalee's Yoga Darshan Sutra (3.31), as Vishwodari a in the abdominal region, see Yogashikhopanishad, and as Shankhini in the pelvic region. To a yogi it is the sushumna that counts. The spinal cord entails down to a thread-like filminess, which rests on the triangular pedestral of coccyx. All the treatises on yoga with one voice declare that the place where the door to brahmanadi lies is there. The perinium and the muscle above it in front of coccygeal and sacral bones is the egg like kanda at whose centre the coiled up power of kundalini is regarded as stored up or rather locked up. When roused she assumes the Dynamic form and ascends up rising through the spinal cord to cerebrum and brings moksha to the aspirant. Thus the spinal cord is the nerve a yogi worships with kundalini at its root on the coccyx which is called mooladhar. The seat of the yogic chakras is also inside the Sushumna, on Chittra, i.e., the grey portion of the spinal cord and not the outside plexuses as Dr. Bale thinks. These are centres inside the spinal cord and have connections with the plexuses of the spinal and sympathetic systems. Physical exercises of Hatha Yoga invariably pertain to the plexuses of the spinal system, they react on the plexuses of the sympathetic system, and the combined effect of both stimulates the spinal centres inside the gray matter. Yogis experience currents of prana flowing down and up the nervous system in the whole body and concentrating it near the coccyx and also through legs flowing up to the same point and then the whole energy is felt gradually entering the spinal cord at that point and rising up straight to the top in cerebrum giving the yogi a beatitude of bliss not otherwise experienced. He feels the passage of the power at different centres and acquires experiences of higher planes. Usually plexus of heart (cardiac plexus) is indentified with the anahat chakra of 12 spokes which in fact is situated within the spinal cord, whereas the Hridaya chakra is of only eight spokes, showing that the two are different, cardiac plexus has no connection whatsoever with the thoracial branches of the spinal. According to Hatha Yoga Sushumna is composed of 3 portions, the outermost is called Vajra, i.e.,the white matter of the spinal cord so named for its toughness of material, the middle portion is called chittra, the grey nervous column and the innermost is called the Viraja, the pure or the Brahmarandhra and is the canal filled with cerebro-spinal fluid. The yogic chakras or lotuses as they are called are nervous centres situated in the Chittra, one corresponding to each of the pelvic, sacral, lumber, thoracial and cervical regions. The ajna chakra of two radii is situated in the medula oblangata where right and left-sided nerves rising up from the spinal cord cross in their way still up to cerebrum. The empty canal, so called as it has no nerves but is a canal like tube filled with a liquid substance, is to these chalcras or lotuses as the middle canal like stalk of a flower. When kundalini rises up this canal, the bud like nervous tissues turned downwards, open up and give way to Her upward march, the process is known to yogis as ......i.e., piercing through of the six chakras: "Mother sushumna the grand is like a fine stem of lotus flower. The inner portion of sushumna is called the beautiful ajrd nerve, within it is the fine chittrini, a passage for kundalini, wherein are situated as centres of nervous plexuses, the beautiful six lotuses." Now we shall show how the whole nervous system has a bearing on yogic practices. The science of yoga aims at the ultimate union of soul with God or the merging of the individual soul into the universal soul. Yoga-shikhopanishad verse 68 defines yoga thus," union of apana with prana, of one's own rajas and retas (the genital fluids), the union of the moon and the sun and of the individual soul with the universal. Thus neutralization of the network of dualities is called yoga." * Thus union of all dual opposites of prana and apana, of luno-solar actions of ida and pingala nerves, or the male and female genital fluids supposed by the Hindu yogis to be present simultaneously in every man and woman ultimately leads to the union of mind and prana which effects the union of soul with God. The same Upanishad further says that When the union of both the conscious self and God is had, i.e., on attainment of that union mind becomes lost and prana acquires stability with the dawn of Laya yoga," i.e., merging of consciousness into samadhi.

Let us now study the nature of the sun-rays and moon-light, and their relation with the nervous system, prana and Mind, and how their union is effected and with what result. Effect of the sun and the moon on life ia three-fold through gravitation, heat and light, which act as Tamo Guna (inertia), Rajoguna (activity) and Sattwa guna (peace) respectively. Gravitation is on the cosmic plane the same force as of apdna and light is of prana, the intermedium of ether serve as samana and the atmosphere serves as vytina because it distributes rains and, climatic temperatures all over the earth, whereas Ether is the seat of generation of heat, light and electric waves. Rays of the sun bring heat and light inseparably, but the moon absorbs all heat and reflects only the light component. Heat acts on the sensory nerves of touch and has a rather dulling effect, whereas light acts on the optical nerves, helps vision and is the source of all knowledge, it as such directly acts on the mind. Therefore, light is compared with mental and spiritual illumination, knowledge and enlightenment. On the other hand action of heat on mind is disturbing, tending to sloth, dullness and laziness. Light in general and the moonlight in particular delights the mind. As moon having absorbed the heat component of the sun-rays and reflects only the light, so does the mind-stuff reflect light of consciousness and knowledge, the life-giving component of prana having absorbed its creative power of dynamism, which mind ordinarily dissipates in vain pursuits. Therefore Prarta is said to be solar and mind as lunar in action. Life on earth is directly governed under the influences of both the sun and the moon. Rays of the sun and the moon-light help the growth of life in every sphere of vegetable and animal kingdom. Physically their influence is also apparent on tides, rains and seasons. During the intervals of solar eclipses it has been found that wireless electric waves show abnormal disturbances showing that electric zone enveloping the earth is affected by the loss of the sunrays. All planets and heavenly bodies are governed by certain laws of gravitation and are inter connected, but the laws that govern their influences on the life inhabiting the earth through the medium of light emitted, radiated or reflected by them still need exploration and open a venue to another branch of science. Chromopathy has already tapped the door but still is in its infancy. Spectrology has chosen a field of research on quite a different plan.. Hindu yogis tell us that the sap that nourishes plant-life has a direct connection with moon-light and indirectly also through rains, and is accordingly named somaras meaning the lunar juice. Menses of women are also connected with the phases of the moon. Chromopathy is doing some spadework in the research field of curing diseases through the spectrum colours of the solar light and the results have not so far been in any way discouraging. All human, animal and vegetable life is highly influenced by the rays of the sun which seem to impart health-building energy to them all. Ultra-violet light is proved to cure mental disorders. The sun-rays give both heat and light. Whereas the moonlight is divorced of heat which is absorbed by the moon reflecting only the light component of the sun rays. Heat is found to nourish life within definite ranges of temperature only, otherwise has a killing effect. High temperatures are usually scorching and life killing but light is free from this baneful effect. Therefore the Hindu science of yoga declares that the sun radiates prana mixed with poison, whereas moon showers nectar; light therefore combined with a particular range of temperature helps the growth and nourishment of life. Therefore, Upanishadas claim that the sun radiates life (prana) as well. Prashnopanishad says that the sun is the source of prana. When the sun rises, he radiates prana in all directions. Therefore the universal prana increases within the six months of Uttardyana when sun moves northward from the tropic of Capricorn to Cancer, during the day time from morn to noon and during the half lunar months from its first day till the full moon, when the phases of the moon increase, and the universal prana is on the decrease during the other six months, the other half of the day and of the lunar months. The sun verily is the prana says Prashna Upanishad (1.5). Life on the animal plane acts both on the conscious plane under volition and on the subconscious

plane as autonomous, Nina is the source of both. The conscious state works under volition and is connected with mind and as such is lunar, the other state pertaining to the autonomous working of prana sub-divided as prana, samdna, vydna, uddna and apana is solar. The line of demarcation between th two is not very strictly defined, because the autonomous sy btem can be brought under volition to a great extent through practice. Therefore it is said that prana enters the body with the support of mind. According to Chhandogya Upanishad mind is built up of what a man eats and prana of what a man drinks. Animals eat vegetables and vegetables receive nourishment through sap, the vital juice of all plants, in Sanskrit called Somaras, so named because it is believed to imbibe its nourishing property from the moonlight. There is a general belief among the Hindus that full-moon helps the medicinal powers of all vegetation, perhaps builds up vitamins in hem, and mind is built up of and receives strength from the food that one takes and hence mind has been described as product of the moon. The sun-rays supply rains with the power of dynamism of prana and water consumed imparts the same to vegetables and animals both through circulation. It has been pointed out that mind-stuff decomposes prana into its life-giving force which is reflected as consciousness and the other creative component of dynamism. The latter, if gathered, conserved and focussed objectively through concentration, can be utilized for higher creative works on intellectual and occult planes, but if focussed subjectively as reflexive on self it tends to reunite with the first component and there ensues a loss of all mental faculties into samddhi. This is the union of prana and mind above referred to, a preliminary condition for the union of the individual soul with the universal soul, i.e., God.

Union of Ida and Pingala nerves In what has been said above it has been tried to show that prana is connected with the sun and mind with the moon. Now, in what follows we shall try to show their connections with the working of the nervous system. It has been shown already that the right and left sympathetic systems are respectively the pingala. and ida, the solar and lunar nervous systems of yoga. As prana is connected with the sun and mind with the moon, life on the physical plane functioning under volition is lunar and functioning as autonomous is solar. When volition dominates, it is said that the moon is working and when volition is subservient, that is, it acts instinctively the sun is said to be working. Sympathetic nervous system combined with vagii constitute the autonomous system and the spinal system mostly works under volition. The vagus system is again divided into two branches,the right vagus neave and the left vagus nerve. Right vagus nerve is more prominent and spreads out from the lower brain down the pelvic region and serves as parasympathetic in relation to sympathetic system; both of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves form the autonomous system. The sympathetic columns have connectioqs through every vertibrum with the spinal system. It should here be noted that the right vagus nerve is more in connection with the right side of the sympathetic system and as such is solar in action, whereas the left vagus nerve is significa itly unimportant, therefore the left sympathetic system not being so connected with the right vagus is more in connect on with the volitionary system and as such is lunar in effect. The seat of the sun is described in the solar plexus of the right vagus nerve and the seat of the moon in the forehead, i.e., in the pons and hind-brain where all the sensory nerves originate. Naso-ciliary plexus which governs the action of both nostrils receives branches from the sympathetic system of both the sides. According to the different treatises of yoga when a person breathes through the right nostril the sun is said to be active because the right side of the system becomes active and acts more on the autonomous system and hence generates heat; whereas breathing through the left nostril does not so act and has a cooling effect, as the right vagus nerve works both the respiratory and

digestive systems. Therefore the left sided ida or the lunar system is regarded as full of nectar and the other the right sided pineal gland being solar is regarded as mixed with poison. It is therefore said that if a person breathes day and night through the right nostril continuously for many days he thereby invites death and soon loses health; whereas continuous breathing through the left nostril also deprives the person of vitality supplied by the solar system and therefore loses health though at a lower rate. For keeping the body sound and healthy a regu-ated breath is most necessary alternately through the two nostrils, at night breathing through the right or the solar nostril and during the day time through the left or the lunar nostril gives health and prolongs life. Breathing through both the nostrils simultaneously tends to neutralize the two and is regarded as the time when the sun and the moon unite and affords best opportunity for meditation and concentration of mind. The lunosolar conjunction helps the kundalini in opening the passage of sushumnd as well. The left system ida is also compared with the cold and refreshing current of the Ganges river which flows down to the left of the person looking east and it has its soa.rce from the feet of God in the cerebrum. Therefore it helps a yogi in the purification of his mind. The right system pingala is compared with the Jamuna river flowing to the right hand of the person standing between the two rivers and is regarded as the daughter of the Suja. Food taken with the right nostril breathing helps digestion, on the other hand with the left nostril breathing worsens the digestion and is most likely to spoil one's health. The right and left-sided tissues of the spinal cord cross their way in the medula oblaaigata somewhere behind the middle of eye-brows, where the nasociliary plexus is also situated. Therefore, that point is regarded as the confluence of the two currents and if a person fixes his eyes and mind at this point and makes the flow of prdna as well rise up to that point where would ensue a union of mind and prdna and idd and pingala The luno-solar union thus affected brings about the union of soul with God.

Union of Prana and apanapranaysm The whole nervous system already described can also be classified as follows: 1. Sensory nerves of hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell. They convey perceptions to mind and are thus afferent or ingoing. 2. Motor nerves acting under volitional control of mind and are acted upon by mind, and as such are efferent or outgoing. Both these systems are directly connected with mind. The third and fourth sets of nervous systems normally are not in any way connected with mind and are therefore called autonomous. They are the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system is mostly accelerative or catabolic, that is, these nerves are disruptive or discharging in their function and are different or ingoing. The parasympathetic system is inhibitory or anabolic, i.e., these nerves are constructive and up building in their function and are efferent or outgoing. Both the systems are named sympathetic because they work in sympathy with viscera and blood vessels. They are all worked by prdna which is named differently according to its different functions. Prana works the respiratory system and also in the medula oblangata. Apdna works the excretory and discharging system. In the respiratory system too exhaling is the work Prana and inhaling that of Apdna. Constructive or upbuilding is the function of vydna. It circulates blood all over., These fibres are efferent. Function of uddna is accelerative and disruptive, it works through afferent fibres. Samana works 'the digestive system, it works through both the efferent and afferent fibres. A yogi can acquire control over his autonomous system through practice of prdndijdrna (Control of prana),. i.e., by gradually learning the art of uniting prdna with apana. It can be done either by sending down the currents of prana to the pelvic region and there unite it with apdna or through slowing down respiration when prana working the action of exhala-tion tends to unite with apdna which works inhalation. Lord Krishna has described three kinds of prana sacrifices vide Bhagwat Gita, chapter IV, verses 29 and 30. 1. By casting oblations of Apana into the sacrificial fire of Prana. This is done by filling in the lungs with air and forcing down the current of Apana to the pelvic region with the help of Jalandhar Bandha. When apana is made stationary through the practice of Moolabandha the two are united and the current sent up the spinal cord with the help of Uddidna Bandha practiced simultaneously with the exhaling of breath and emptying the lungs slowly. Jalandhar bandha is effected by contraction of throat and pressing down the inhaled air in the lungs. Moola Bandha is effected by contraction of anus, and Uddiana Bandha by drawing in the stomach slowly and gradually as the lungs give up the inhaled air. 2. In the second form of prana sacrafice breathing is gradually slowed down to a dead stop, thus the exhaling prana is sacrificed into the fire of the inhaling apdna. 3. In this case prana is sacrificed into the fire of prana itself through the practices of Shambhavi and Khechari, when the currents of prana are made to rise up in the region of medula oblangata and ultimately merge in the cerebrum. The meaning of the word pranayama is literally the control of prana, that is, the power that works the autonomous system. Breathing exercises are simply means to that end. When complete control is achieved the various currents can be made to flow at will and can be made to rise up the spinal cord. The right vagus nerve is composed of efferent fibres in the medula oblangata and therefore is purely the seat of prana, in the middle below the base of the skull down through the cervical and thoracial regions it is composed of both afferent and efferent fibres. Therefore it is the seat of both prana and apana. Still lower down at its connection with the solar plexus it is composed of both afferent and efferent fibres and is the seat of samdna and lower down at its connection with

the hypogastric and pelvic plexuses it is composed of purely afferent fibres and is the seat of apdna. Through the control of autonomous system control over samdna and uddna can be acquired, and through their control certain occult powers come to a yogi. See Patanjal Yogadarshan Chapter 3, sutras 39 and 40. Through control of udana a yogi acquires the power of walking over marshes and thorny lands and through the control of samdna he can make his body as hot as he likes. Control over this nervous system is acquired through the practice of certain exercises of the volitional motor nerves. The course of these exercises form an independent subject of Hatha yoga. Union of Raja and Shukra has already been dealt with in the previous chapter.

Chapter VIII (Prana Continued) ESCHATOLOGY The word Prana is of the Vedic origin, and has come to mean life on the physical plane, but is in fact the first principle which has evolved the whole living and the lifeless creation. Or, as has been shown, it has involved itself during the creative process -to take up different forms and names at different planes of creation. Here we give below a translation of the sixth part . of the Prashnopanishad: "Again, verily Sukesha Bharadwaja asked him (Pippalada) saying, `Sire, Hiranyanabha Kaushalya of the princely clan having come to me asked :this question; 'Oh, Bharadwaja ! "lost thou know the Purusha of 'the sixteen phases ? ' I told the prince, ` I know not that, had I known, why should I not have told thee that, as with root '.(the' whole family) becomes, extinct, so of one who tells a lie, therefore I dare not speak. the untruth. ' Thereupon he got into his chariot and went away, that same question I ask thee, `what is that Purusha ? ' Unto him Pippalada replied: 'here even in this body, : Oh, peaceful ! is that Purusha, of whom are produced the sixteen phases. That Purusha thought, on whose - leaving this, body I shall leave it and on whose 'entering the body shall I enter in. He then created Prana, From Prana shraddhi, ether, air, fire, water, earth, senses "of knowledge and mind, food, from food strength, tapas, vedas, sacrifices, lokas (the different planes of creation) and in the lokas names. As the rivers flowing seaward and having fallen into the sea lose themselves, their names and forms are lost, then what remains is said to be sea, so even is in the case of this Purusha, - the seer, these sixteen phases, reverting towards Purusha, merging into Purusha, lose themselves and their names and forms are lost, and then what remains is said to be Purusha and He becomes one phase less and eternal." In the above dialogue it has been shown that Prana the first principle of creation emanates from Purusha, the Lord, and it is the Prana that gets involved into both the physical and psychic planes. Prana is the first cause of creation, and it is at the same time Prana that links the psychic with the physical. - Psychic and Physical bodies are linked together with Prima and on Prana leaving the body the. soul too gets out along with it on death, and on its entering a fresh body the soul enters in it for fresh birth. Prana as the first principle is known as the universal mind-stuff (mahat), and is all pervading and individually it forms. the pranamayakosha, and is known as astral fluid to the English readers. On the physical plane it perhaps takes the form of the nebulous matter that ultimately transforms and takes up the form of all stars and planets. Astral fluid that forms the outer covering of the psychic body and the nebulous fluid are therefore practically of the same substance on different strata. Pranamayakosha interlinks the Annamayakosha. and the Manomayakosha. They are so named being formed of Prana, Anna (food) and Mind respectively and serve as sheaths of soul. The astral fluid from upwards the physical plane rarifies through a range of seven strata. The Indian cosmologists have. described .the sevenfold strata of Prana separately as pertaining to the human body, the Earth, and Brahmanda (a cosmic unit) or the universe we see, there being innumerable universes of the kind. Each unit consists of a family of

stars, each star being a solar centre of its respective solar system. Each unit is known. to the Hindus as a Brahmanda, i.e. a cosmic egg of the Creater. In the case of mankind the seven strata are known as chakras and are named from the bottom upwards as mooladhar, swadhisthana, manipoor, anahat, vishuddha, and ajna ; the seventh being sahasrar - the thousand petalled lotus in the cerebrum. In the case of the Earth they are ' called Dwipas and are named Jambu dwipa, Shaka dwipa, Kusha dwipa, Krauncha. dwipa, Shalmali dwipa, Plaxa dwipa, and Pushkar dwipa. The Earth as the physical planet known to us including the continents of Asia, Europe, Africa and America surrounded with saline oceans is called Jambu dwipa. The other six are astral spheres with the higher enveloping the lower ones, i.e., every outer sphere envelops the next lower and is said to be double in area. The continents that there be in them are said to be surrounded with waters tasting respectively as sugarcane juice, wine, clarified butter, curd; milk, boiled rice, water, and milk. These astral regions are invisible to our physical vision and are transparent to the Sun-rays.. The ancients. had divided the continental land of Jambu dwipa into seven parts, each being called a Varsha. Their names are Ramnak, Hiranyamaya, and Uttarkurus lying north of Nishad, Hemkut and the Himalayas, situated from west to east, probably corresponding to the present Europe, Central, Asia, and China including a part of Siberia. Hari varsha, Kimpitrusha varsha, and Bharat varsha to their, south, probably corresponding to the present Africa, Middle East and Far East including India respectively. They form the eastern ' hemisphere. Ilavrita varsha corresponds to the American continents lying on the western hemisphere. Sumeru is the name given to the axis, of the Earth. The above description has been given according to Vyasa's commentary, on Yoga Darshan. In the third case the seven Lokas are named as Bhurloka, Bhuwarloka, Swarlok, Maharloka, Janaloku. Tapoloka, and Satyaloka. Earth with her seven dwipas constitutes the Bhurloka, the sky 'containing 'the whole family of stars of which the Sun is one of the members is called Bhuwarloka and is also called Antarikshalaka. The rest of the five are higher. astral regions enveloping the Bhuwarloka one over the other. Satyaloka is the highest Brahmaloka. For a more comprehensive idea readers are referred to commentary on Patanjali's Yoga Darshan by Vyasa vide sutra (3.26) above referred to. All the spheres are accessible after death to the astral bodies of spiritual persons, who rise upto them according to the degree of refinement of their respective astral bodies (linga sharir). It has been said that astral body links the psychic body with the physic,-d body and it is the desire of a person that acts as a motive power which governs the astral movements. A person with a strong desire to live and have the enjoyments of the physical. plane makes the astral body gravitate towards the physical plane. The astral body can be directed towards any of the astral spheres by developing such desire and acquiring the necessary refinement of the astral body. Such desire shall come into effect no sooner than the astral body is detached from the physical body after death or in life through the practice of. yoga. Untruthfulness and, vicious desires, anger, lust for sensual pleasures and worldly attachments for wife, children, wealth and other secular possessions attract the - astral body towards the physical plane. Vices, anger, and lust, etc., disintegrate the astral body and serve as a lead weight to keep it down. On the other hand calmness of mind, peace, love. and virtuous deeds of philanthropy and.. magnanimity raise the astral refinement. The finest state of refinement of the astral body is acquired through meditation and desirelessness. When a person raises his astral fluid (prana) through spinal (the different chakras of sushumna) to cerebrum, the degree of refinement acquired by the astral body at each of the chakras qualifies the person for the corresponding a astral sphere to which he shall be entitled to rise after death. If a person can dislink the psychic body from the physical one, he can visit them even in life and come back to his physical frame. Evolution of-.Prang- at its highest degree makes it merge in the universal Prang and then in Brahman. If the astral body is defiled and darkened with sinful deeds, it would descend even to lower planes of existences such as of evil spirits, ghosts, rakshasas, etc., and even to the planes of animals. Mention is made of even dark regions called hells to which persons with darkened astral bodies are lowered. Hells are described as covered with darkness and are earthy, watery, fiery, airy and

ethereal.. Perhaps they are the same as in vegetable life living beings of water, they that live within the hot wombs of the earth, animals and bird respectively: They, are correctly said to be.groping in darkness, because of their lacking in illumination of spirit, intellect and even of senses of perception. On the human plane as well. there are persons who are decidedly not higher than animals by nature and are called human brutes and those whose lot is, to suffer lifelong miseries can be said to be in hell on the human plane. Pious. persons still possessed of desire of enjoyments are said to depart after death through the path of the moon to swarloka and those who have become free from all desires of secular enjoyments and of heaven rise by the path of the sun to the spheres of Maharloka and the higher ones according to their stage of evolution. Those who cannot rise by either of the paths take birth on this sphere directly. In, the same connection it will not be out of place here to explain the uttardyana and dakshinayana gati referred to in Gita vide (8.26). It is said that those who are yogis prefer to die during the uttardyana period when the Sun moves northwards. If they die during the other half of the year there is a likelihood of their not rising higher. The reason is that the Sun radiates Prana as has been said before. The universal Prana on the northern hemisphere is on the increase or high tide as the Sun moves northwards with the lengthening of the day time and on the decrease or low tide during dakshinayana with the shortening of day. Therefore when an individual prana leaves the physical body, it receives lift with the increasing universal Prana in his march upwards to higher regions during uttarayana and gets setback during dakshinayana, as his speed will be accelerated or retarded by the high or ebb-tides of the universal Prana. Those who are not yogis, but otherwise pious and virtuous also try to rise up but cannot rise to - the solar region, they simply rise up to the lunar one. By the way it may also be explained how the solar and lunar eclipses affect our astral bodies for the same reason. When an eclipse occurs the natural supply of nourishment to astral fluid is cut off and the natural consequence follows in the shape of deterioration of the astral fluid. In order to make up the deficiency meditation of God and concentration of mind on one's self, the main sources of all prana, are prescribed. It is therefore a custom with the Hindus to bathe in some river or tank before an eclipse begins and sit all alone for meditation till it is over. Joyful mind also helps the astral body, therefore it is enjoined to give charity to the poor and the depressed during the period of, an eclipse, as charity makes both the benefactor, and the receiver of charity happy and joyful. The astral fluid, is so called, because it shines like stars in its purest state of refinement, but it darkens and becomes defiled through evil deeds and vicious desires, which then becomes dull lacking brightness - and tends to sink down to lower planes. The complexion of Shiva is therefore painted as bright as the moon, and of ghosts, and evil spirits as dark. Let us therefore sing, with the great poet Dr. Rabindra Nath Tagore in his beautiful song: Inner mine, evolve thou, my. inner self eh, Purify, brighten it and make it beautiful eh, On thy lotus feet make my mind stable, eh, Make it joyful, joyful, joyful, eh.

Chapter IX (Prana Continued.) SHAKTIPAT Prana on the physical plane is a very fine form of energy differing from the physical energy in respect of its being lifeenergy and as such cannot be created independently of human body by lifeless machines. It is the motiveforce which keeps up the whole living organism of animal life in working order. It works not only the body but the mind and intellect as well, and manifests its existence as life. It flows like an electric current through the wirework of the nervous system, it connects the gross body of flesh and blood with the finer forces of mind and intellect In sanskrit it is called Prana, the nervous system functioning with that energy is called prana mayakosha, and the animate being is named Prani. All the functions of the body, mind and. intellect depend for their working on the energy of prana. Therefore by acquiring control over this force a person is able to control the movements of his mind and body at will, he can then suspend the activity of his mind and even of the body if he likes and bring his mind and breath under perfect control. As prana in the ordinary persons, is outflowing, it connects the mind with the senses of perception and keeps it always outflowing, but when it is made to rise up the spinal 'cord to cerebrum, it detaches the mind from the nervous centres in the brain, and mind gradually soaring up through the different stages of concentration loses itself ultimately in a trance of deep meditation. According to yogis the seat of this force is in the mooladhdra_which is figuratively named as Kundalini Shakti or Serpent Power and is described as sleeping in an ordinary person with three and half coils, closing with its. hood the entrance to the spinal passage. When roused it gives manifestation to many physical and mental signs and various miraculous powers. It can be roused by various means as selfless work, deep meditation and intense devotion to God and also by the practice of certain physical exercises. This astral force can also be roused by the magnetic influence of other persons. Such great personalities have their prang and mind on a higher potentiality and when approached they tend to raise the prana of others from a lower potentiality to a higher one. The process may be compared with the flow of an electric current. But in this case the process is not an automatic one, but depends wholly on the will of the master mind. Among the Hindus the process is known as initiation by Shaktipat Deeksha, and may be defined as the process of spiritualizing a man with the charge of psychic force. When psychic force is roused in this way the nerves of the person so favoured are put to involuntary motion and in course of time begin to act upon the mind bringing in peace and calmness of higher concentration. Shaktipat is not to be confused with mesmerism or hypnotism, because the effect of Shaktipat is everlasting and elevating and thereby a person acquires in him the power of rousing the same in others and becomes himself by gradual development a magnetic personality with a capacity to make others like himself by touch, thus continuing the line of succession. Another difference of importance is that it makes a person both spiritual and talented, and acquire a capacity to work in any sphere of life with competency. He is as it were, permanently infused with an elixir of life elevating him morally, intellectually and spiritually. Bhakti or Divine love can also be acquired through shaktipat. The power of kundalini is then called Allhadini Shakti. Shaktipat can be affected by sight, touch, mantra, or simply by the will power of the master ; in the last case it works at long distances as well. Shaktipat is in a way an injection of Shakti. The master injects in the astral body of the initiated a current of psychic power, or a doze of astral fluid of a high potentiality by the touch or his hands, by casting a look or by speaking. out tohim some word or words called mantras, or any one of God's holy names, or simply by a mere thought. When the Divine Power is thus transmitted She acts in the favoured in such a way that the dormant power of kundalini is awakened, owe may say that the fire of kundalini is ignited and. set into flames throughout the nervous system, which ultimately, opens the door of Sushumna and rises up to cerebrum (sahasrar) piercing through the six centres of the spinal passage along with the nervous centres in the medula oblangata. Shaktipat Deeksha is also known as Vedha Deeksha. The term vedha literally means piercing through, because the Guru rouses the kundalini and makes Her pierce through the six chakras. By touch, look and thought the Shakti travels from one body to the other through the medium of the all-

pervading Astral fluid ; whereas in the case of speech the words spoken serve as medium for carrying the Shakti. Such words are called Shaktisamputitha mantras or in other words mantras charged with Shakti. As a rule all persons are not capable of receiving this Shakti even if a Guru so desires, but a person's receptive capacity can be gradually developed irrespective of sex, age, caste, creed, or nationality. A person's receptive capacity can be gradually raised by pious deeds, pure thoughts, devotion to God and ardent prayers to Him and selfless service of parents, spiritually advanced persons, and Guru. Manifestation of shakti also varies with different persons according to one's habits, nature and way of living. Householders too gain through Shaktipat, which in fact knows no barriers.

Chapter X

SIGNS OF AN AWAKENED KUNDALINI " According to her manifestations Kundalini is regarded as Kriydwati, Varnamayee, Kalatma, and Vedhamayee." Shaktipat deeksha is therefore of four kinds according to the above-named manifestations of Shakti. When Kundalini awakens one invariably feels some involuntary movements of the body, which begin with trembling and shaking -with an intensity varying with different persons. Some experience violent shaking of different kinds, as does a car before starting when the dynamo, begins to work. Such physical movements are accompanied with a heretofore-not-experienced feeling of pleasure of spiritual awakening, and the brain becomes heavy as under intoxication. These are the first symptoms of an awakened Kundalini and are followed by various signs and experiences too many to be enumerated. The full course of an awakened Kundalini can be classified differently according to its different aspects of manifestation, as Bhakti, Jnana, and Yoga. Again manifestation of yoga can. be sub-

classified as Hatha, Mantra, Laya and Rajayoga. Therefore the yoga of Kundalini is known as Mahayoga. It is also sometimes called Siddhayoga because it can be acquired only through the favour of a perfect master (Siddha Guru) without any effort on the part of the initiated. Mahayoga is also sometimes erroneously called Raja yoga after the name of one of its most prominent part. Readers must have come across the mention of only four divisions of yoga, viz., Karmayoga, Bhaktiyoga, Rajayoga and Jnanayoga. An awakened Kundalini comprehensively covers the whole field, but here we are concerned with the subject only so far as it pertains to the first classification, because Bhakti is a necessary qualification for all seekers after spiritual Truth. Divine Love or Bhakti combined with yoga soon helps the devotee to attain Brahmajnana, i.e., knowledge of God. Karmayoga is simply the performance of all duties for duty's sake regardless of fruits.. It is a settled fact that Moksha is not the result of any action, but is only an act of realization. Without knowledge of Brahman no moksha is possible, declare the scriptures and the knower of Brahman becomes Brahman himself. As it will be clear from the following verses quoted here from Brahmanikam of Shri Vasudeva Brahmendra Saraswati that realisation of Brahman comes only through the favour of God and a kindly look of the master in the form of Shaktipat. " Disillusionment from Maya- is possible through the realization of Truth and not by any other action. That realization consists in the knowledge of the sameness of Brahman with Self, as is asserted by the sayings of the Vedanta Philosophy. Such realization comes to deserving persons through the favour of God and through Shaktipat as a result of the direct look of a Master." It has been said that through Shaktipat kundalini of the favoured is soon awakened and Mahayoga or Siddhayoga is the direct outcome. 'In other words Hathayoga, Mantrayoga, Layayoga and Rajayoga dawn on the initiated by stages, if he possesses a strong faith and Bhakti for both God and his Guru. Rajayoga is but another name. for God realization and as such in effect a synonym for Jnanayoga. When Rajayoga is mentioned different from Jnanayoga it stands for the yoga of meditation Hatha, Mantra, Laya, and Raja the fourfold classification of Mahayoga may be defined as flows Hathayoga pertains to the evolutionary manifestation of kundalini on the Physical plane. The term Hatha is, a word of two Sanskrit letters ` ha' and ` tha'. ` Ha ', denotes the sun and ` tha' denotes the moon, and therefore the term Hathayoga means a union of the sun and the moon. Therefore all practices of the body that bring about the union of Ida and Pingala, prana and apana, and the merger of mind in Prana form the subject of Hathayoga. Manifestation of kundalini on the plane of speech is called Mantrayoga. It is for this reason that a master wishing to awaken the kundalini of a person initiates him or her by transmitting his force through some word or words spoken to the initiated. Such word or words are called Mantras, so called because by repetition of those words the initiated is freed from the bonds of Maya. Psychic stage of spiritual evolution on the plane of mental submergence into a state of trance is called Layayoga. Usually this stage of mind , is preceded successively by the concentration of mind: or deep thinking leading finally to an abstractedness of mind. It can also be achieved by fixing the mind on Antarnada, viz., certain sounds audible from inside resembling the sounds of chiming of bells, flute, drum-beating, and thunder, etc.., and are called the music of Anahat Nada. The plane on which Peace and Light of spiritual Illumination shine forth is called Rajayoga. Raja is a sanskrit word derived from the root Raj to shine. Rajayoga is the ultimate realization of God within one's self. Rajayoga leads one to, the realization of oneness with .Brahman, and therefore leads to Jnanayoga. Evolution of kundalini on the plane of emotions, when all base thoughts and emotions of anger, lust, etc., are overpowered and subdued under the all-predominating emotion of Love for God and everything spiritual, is called the awakening of Allhadini Shakti and is Bhaktiyoga. Kriyawati Manifestation of Kundalini on the plane of Hathayoga is known as Kriyawati. The initiated then performs the manifold exercises of Hat ha yoga involuntarily. He does not do them intentionally,

but undergoes the influence of the new born force automatically. The exercises of Hathayoga are classified under the heads of asanas, mudras, and pranayam. Under the influence of the force of awakened Kundalini one performs them not understanding the significance of what he does. He performs many exercises not found in any treatise on yoga; they are sometimes very intricate and difficult muscular exercises quite hard to be practised otherwise. One without the influence of the force of Kundalini is often quite unable to twist one's limbs in the requisite manner. Ordinarily more important of these exercises are prescribed in text books of Hathayoga for a novice for the purpose of arousing kundalini, but strange it looks that the aroused Kundalini also performs them very perfectly and in a way easy of practice, refreshing and conducive to health and meditation. Almost all the exercises pertain to the nerves of the spinal system and do not disturb the function of the autonomous system, though their effect on them is one of health and regularity. Besides She makes a person do bodily movements of other sorts such as walking, eating, laughing, weeping, etc. The autonomous system of nerves including the sympathetic and the para-sympathetic systems worked by Prana and the central system worked under volition of mind are thus simultaneously affected by the aroused power of kundalini and a neutralizing effect of both Prana and Mind is experienced. First a partial neutralization makes the mind lose its wavering nature and then complete neutralization of the two causes complete suspension of both. It should not be lost sight of that mind occupies a subordinate position under Prana which controls every activity - of mind and body. The Atharva Veda therefore prays. vide 11.4 (6) 1.: " Bowing to Prana, under whose control, is all this, who is the master of all and by whom everything is supported." Control over prana automatically affects control over mind and senses. Automatic performance of exercises by the force of aroused Kundalini in a systematic manner disconnects the mind from the nervous system for the time and the mind thus freed from the nervous activities acts as a mute spectator for that period, the whole system autonomous and central becomes autonomous for the time. The autonomous system also gains strength and begins to work properly. It builds up health, removes disorganization cures diseases and improves the tone of the whole system. Mind detached from the nervous system also gains strength and learns to stand aside mute at other times as well, and acquires to some extent control over the autonomous system also. The exercises of Hathayoga as performed by Kundalini are natural and as such when practised voluntarily by any person for a sufficiently long time help to arouse Kundalini. They are prescribed in various treatises on Hathayoga, but they ought to be learnt from an expert master and practised under his strict guidance. How these exercises are connected with the rousing of the Kundalini is a matter for research, though various attempts are being made to explain, their action on the nervous plexuses, they are generally based on vague speculations. Unfortunately we have yet no institution worth the name where a batch of ardent and sincere students with a good knowledge of anatomy and physiology with their Kundalini aroused could take up the research work in that direction. Generally anatomists and physiologists are quite ignorant of and indifferent to this sphere of study. It appears most probable that practice of these exercises, done either voluntarily or involuntarily, acts on the spinal plexuses and as a reaction on the autonomous one generate simultaneously opposite charges of prana and apana in the two systems. The two charges, if they be so called on the analogy of electric charges, give birth to corresponding currents, which a yogi feels and they can be made to flow up his spinal cord. When the two forces rise up through chittra or the grey portion of the spinal cord on both sides, right and left, they tend to cause a neutralization or discharge of the opposite dynamic forces through the empty canal at the different spinal centres and ultimately rise up the medula oblangata and cerebrum. With the complete neutralization of both the forces in medula oblangata or higher up, a soothing and peaceful effect on mind is

produced which ultimately is merged in a trance and gives effect to a stop to the efferent and afferent impulses. Mind becomes vacant and with the spent-up force of prana ultimately enters into samadhi.