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    A&p Lab Ex 36

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    This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the respiratory system. It includes a labeled diagram of the upper respiratory structures and questions about the parts of the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the alveoli in the lungs. Student responses demonstrate an understanding of how structures like the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli function in gas exchange and how elastic tissues allow the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

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    A&p Lab Ex 36

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    45K views4 pages
    This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the respiratory system. It includes a labeled diagram of the upper respiratory structures and questions about the parts of the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the alveoli in the lungs. Student responses demonstrate an understanding of how structures like the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli function in gas exchange and how elastic tissues allow the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

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    This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the respiratory system. It includes a labeled diagram of the upper respiratory structures and questions about the parts of the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the alveoli in the lungs. Student responses demonstrate an understanding of how structures like the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli function in gas exchange and how elastic tissues allow the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45K views4 pages

    A&p Lab Ex 36

    Uploaded by

    Blink182Tigger
    This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the respiratory system. It includes a labeled diagram of the upper respiratory structures and questions about the parts of the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the alveoli in the lungs. Student responses demonstrate an understanding of how structures like the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli function in gas exchange and how elastic tissues allow the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

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    of 4

    NAME LAB TIME/DATE

    Anatomy of the Respiratory System


    Upper and Lower Respiratory System Structures
    1. Complete the labeling of the diagram of the upper respiratory structures (sagittal section).

    Frontal sinus~ Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

    Iliil'l~\

    Sphenoidal

    sinus

    Superior Middle

    concha concha
    ~oo

    W~\\~"
    ~

    Pharyngeal
    CJ

    tonsil

    Inferiorconcha

    External

    nares (nostril)
    Hard palate

    L?~=_=-~~~~~~~
    ----7-'ifi>

    Opening of auditory tube or eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube

    -rr,--HTirr-"""'7"<:::'Z7""--i---- Nasopharynx ,**~H-+--:",,"----f---Posterior nasal apeture (internal nares)

    Soft palate
    Tongue -----

    ----,

    Lingual Epiglottis

    tonsil

    -----f--;f.

    Hyoid bone -------"-~

    Vocal fold (true vocal cord)


    Thyroid gland

    ----------+

    Trachea

    -------------,/f----'if;-

    2. Two pairs of vocal folds are found in the larynx. Which pair are the true vocal cords (superior or inferior)?
    Inferior

    3. Name the specific cartilages in the larynx that correspond to the following descriptions. forms the Adam's apple: _th....::.y_ro_i_d a "lid" for the larynx: _e"-p-=ig_lo_t_tis
    _ _

    shaped like a signet ring: _c_r_ic_o_id vocal cord attachment: _a_r_yt_e_l1o_i_d

    _ _

    243

    4. What is the significance of the fact that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings?
    Prevents its collapse during pressure changes occurring during breathing. Allows a food bolus traveling down the posterior esophagus to bulge

    Of the fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly?


    anteriorly.

    5. What is the function of the pleural membranes?

    Produce

    a serous fluid that reduces friction

    during breathing

    movements

    and helps

    to hold the lungs tightly to the thorax wall which keeps the lungs inflated.

    6. Name two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa. _w,_a'-r_m...:.s'---and moistens incoming air.

    7. The following questions refer to the primary bronchi.


    Which is longer? _L_e",-fi_t
    _

    Larger in diameter?...:.R:..:.I~g...:.h.:...t

    More horizontal? _L_e-".ift


    _

    Which more commonly traps a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways? --.:R:..:.I~g--.:h_t

    8. Appropriately label all structures provided with leader lines on the diagrams below.
    ,------main (primary) bronchi

    superior lobe of left lung

    lobar (secondary)

    bronchus

    segmental

    (tertiary)

    bronchus

    inferior lobe

    inferior lobe alveolar respiratory bronchioles


    ~--=><

    duct

    terminal

    bronchiole

    -----'''----'-,.' alveolar sac

    244

    Review Sheet 36

    9. Trace a molecule of oxygen from the external nares to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs: External nares
    nasal cavity ~ pharynx respiratory bronchiole ~ ~ larynx ~ trachea ~ primary bronchus ~ tertiary/secondary bronchi (etc.) ~

    ~
    ~

    bronchiole

    alveolar duct ~

    alveolar sac ~

    across alveolar/capillary

    walls ~

    pulmonary blood

    10. Match the terms in column B to the descriptions in column A. Column A


    n k e d g

    Column B a. b. c. alveolus bronchiole concha epiglottis esophagus glottis larynx opening of pharyngotympanic palate parietal pleura pharynx phrenic nerve tube

    l. connects the larynx to the primary bronchi 2. site of tonsils 3. food passageway posterior to the trachea 4. covers the glottis during swallowing of food 5. contains the vocal cords

    d. e. f. g.

    6. nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration


    j a h f c

    h. i. j.

    7. pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax 8. site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood

    k. 9. connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx 10. opening between the vocal folds II. increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity 1.

    m. primary bronchi n. o. p. trachea vagus nerve visceral pleura

    12. separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

    11. What portions of the respiratory system are referred to as anatomical dead space? All but the respiratory zone structures
    (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli).

    Why? Because no gas exchange occurs except in the respiratOlY zone, particularly in the alveoli. 12. Define the following terms.
    external respiration: Exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane in the lungs.

    internal

    respiration:

    Exchange of respiratory gases between the blood of the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells of the body.

    cellular

    respiration:

    Oxygen-using cellular processes (that produce energy) with tissue cells.

    Review Sheet 36

    245

    Demonstrating Lung Inflation in a Sheep Pluck


    13. Does the lung inflate part by part or as a whole, like a balloon? __~ar_t...:.b::""Y!o....p_ar_t~. P 14. What happened when the pressure was released? -=-T~he:....:.:.lu a~t.:...:ed~. n~g d.::'.efl 15. What type of tissue ensures this phenomenon? _E_la...:.st_ic_c_o_n_n_ec_t_iv_e_ti_ss_u_e_.
    _ _ _

    Examining Prepared Slides of Trachea and Lung Tissue


    16. What structural characteristics of the alveoli make them an ideal site for the diffusion of gases?
    Thin walls, extremely large surface area. the partial pressure of oxygen is greater

    Why does oxygen move from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood? Because
    in the alveoli; therefore, it moves according to the laws of diffusion into the pulmonary blood.

    17. If you observed pathological lung sections, record your observations. Also record how the tissue differed from normal lung tissue. Complete the table below using your answers.

    Slide type Student data.

    Observations Student data.

    Comparison to normal lung tissue

    246

    Review Sheet 36

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