35mm Camera Parts
35mm Camera Parts
35mm Camera Parts
The Pentax K1000 “Student Special”. The classic 35mm SLR.
SLR
• The single-lens reflex
(SLR) is a type of camera
that uses a movable
mirror placed between
the lens and the film to
project the image seen
through the lens to a
focusing screen.
• Most SLRs use a roof
pentaprism to observe
the image via an
eyepiece.
1. Lens 4. Film (focal plane)
2. Mirror (“reflexive”) 5, 6, 7. Pentaprism
3. Shutter 8. Viewfinder
Parts: What they do
• Rewind release: Small button that allows the film to
rewind without breaking camera or ruining film… Think
clutch.
• Tripod mount: Universal threaded hole to attach a tripod
• Battery cover: Self explanatory
• Rewinder: Turn clockwise to return film to canister after
shooting
• Camera back release: Pull upward to open back of
camera
• Hot shoe: Electrical connection for a separate flash unit
• Shutter speed dial: Timer which sets shutter duration
The Rest…
8. ISO indicator: Sets the film speed (or ISO)
9. Shutter release button: Releases the shutter. (takes the picture)
10. FStop ring: AKA aperture ring. Turns to change the aperture
from big to small
11. Film advance lever: Moves the film to the next frame so
pictures don’t overlap
12. Viewfinder: Shows you what you are taking a picture of
13. Focusing ring: Moves lens elements back and forth depending
on your lens to subject distance (makes picture sharp)
14. Self timer: Set shutter to release after a brief delay
15. Lens:Series of shaped, polished glass elements that form image
on film
Up Close: The Lens
• The Aperture ring
consists of F numbers
or FStops. These
numbers represent the
different aperture
sizes.
• The bigger the
number, the smaller
the opening.
Depth of Field • Your aperture size controls
D.O.F.
• This is defined as the amount of
a picture that is in focus.
Picture
made with large aperture
Shallow depth of field. (F2)
Up Close: Shutter Speed Dial
• The shutter speed dial is a timer
divided into fractions of a
second.
• On a typical manual camera
these numbers go from 1 (one
second) to 2000 (1/2000th of a
second)
• B or “Bulb” keeps the shutter
open as long as the shutter
release is depressed.
2000 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1 B
The numbers above show the shutter speeds in order from fastest to slowest
Shutter Speed Shutter Speed controls Motion.
A fast shutter speed (1/1000th)
freezes motion.
A slow shutter speed (1/15th)
blurs motion.
Picture made with slow shutter speed 1/4th second
Shutter Speed Continued
• The slowest shutter
speed you can hand
hold is 1/60th.
• Anything slower
(1/30, 1/15, 1/8…)
must be shot with the
camera on a tripod.
Example of “camera shake”caused by a
slow shutter speed.
Loading Film
1. Pull upward on the
Rewinder to pop the
camera back open.
2. After inserting the
canister into the camera,
stick the film leader into
one of the slots.
3. Release the shutter and
advance the film once.
4. When the film wraps
around the spool, close
the camera back and
shoot two more frames.
Using a Light Meter
•The light meter shows you, with three lights, when you are overexposed,
underexposed or properly exposed. Changing the aperture and/ or shutter
speed will change your exposure.
•To activate a light meter, press lightly on the shutter release button
Nikon N55 Parts
Nikon N55 Operation
Half Stops with a Manual Camera
• With manual cameras
you can set your F
stop in between two
numbers.
• For instance, halfway
in between F16 and
F22 is called F16 1/2.
• You can not do this
with shutter speeds.
Half Stops with a Modern SLR
• Newer cameras have halfstops built right in.
• Because they have a digital screen, they represent
half stops with numbers.
• Below are the FStops AND Shutter speeds and
the numerical half stops.
F: 22 19 16 13 11 9.5 8 6.7 5.6 4.8 4 3.5 2.8 2.4 2 1.8
1000 750 500 350 250 180 125 90 60 45 30
Understanding Stops
• The lenses shown on the left are
set to different aperture sizes
called Fstops.
• An Fstop is a number
representing a particular
aperture.
• When you change from one F
stop to the next, you double the
amount of light or cut it in half.
• If our starting aperture is F8,
F5.6 lets in twice the light and
F11 lets in exactly half.
Understanding Stops 2
1/2000 • Some of the common
1/1000 shutter speeds are listed
(from fastest to slowest)
1/500 on the left.
1/250 • Just like Fstops, changing
1/125 the speed by one number
either doubles or halves
1/60 the amount of light
1/30 admitted.
1/15 • For instance, if the starting
point is 1/125th, 1/60th
1/8 lets in twice the light and
1/4 1/250th lets in half the
light.
1/2
Understanding Stops 3
• Here’s the rub: doubling the amount of light exposing the film is
referred to as increasing by a “stop” whether you are using the
aperture or shutter.
• Therefore, a “stop” simply refers to a unit of light. Increasing
by 1 stop can mean 1 shutter speed slower or 1 Fstop larger.
• The beauty in this system is that apertures and shutter speeds
work in conjunction with one another.
• If you have a correct exposure, you can increase the shutter
speed by a stop and open the aperture by a stop (or vice versa)
Cable Release
• A cable release screws
into the shutter release
button on some cameras.
• This device reduces
vibration when taking
photographs with long
exposures.
• When a cable release is
used, the camera is almost
always placed on a tripod
for stability.
The
End