Semiconductor

82C54
March 1997 CMOS Programmable Interval Timer

Features Description
• 8MHz to 12MHz Clock Input Frequency The Harris 82C54 is a high performance CMOS Programma-
• Compatible with NMOS 8254 ble Interval Timer manufactured using an advanced 2 micron
CMOS process.
- Enhanced Version of NMOS 8253
• Three Independent 16-Bit Counters The 82C54 has three independently programmable and
functional 16-bit counters, each capable of handling clock
• Six Programmable Counter Modes input frequencies of up to 8MHz (82C54) or 10MHz
• Status Read Back Command (82C54-10) or 12MHz (82C54-12).
• Binary or BCD Counting The high speed and industry standard configuration of the
• Fully TTL Compatible 82C54 make it compatible with the Harris 80C86, 80C88,
and 80C286 CMOS microprocessors along with many other
• Single 5V Power Supply industry standard processors. Six programmable timer
• Low Power modes allow the 82C54 to be used as an event counter,
- ICCSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10µA elapsed time indicator, programmable one-shot, and many
- ICCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mA at 8MHz other applications. Static CMOS circuit design insures low
power operation.
• Operating Temperature Ranges
- C82C54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0oC to +70oC The Harris advanced CMOS process results in a significant
reduction in power with performance equal to or greater than
- I82C54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC
existing equivalent products.
- M82C54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC

Pinouts
82C54 (PDIP, CERDIP, SOIC) 82C54 (PLCC/CLCC)
TOP VIEW TOP VIEW

VCC

WR
NC

RD
D5

D6

D7

D7 1 24 VCC
4 3 2 1 28 27 26
D6 2 23 WR

D5 3 22 RD

D4 4 21 CS D4 5 25 NC

D3 5 20 A1 D3 6 24 CS

D2 6 19 A0 D2 7 23 A1
D1 7 18 CLK 2 D1 8 22 A0
D0 8 17 OUT 2
D0 9 21 CLK2
CLK 0 9 16 GATE 2
CLK 0 10 20 OUT 2
OUT 0 10 15 CLK 1
NC 11 19 GATE 2
GATE 0 11 14 GATE 1

GND 12 13 OUT 1
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
NC
GND

CLK 1
OUT 0

OUT 1
GATE 0

GATE 1

CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Users should follow proper IC Handling Procedures. File Number 2970.1
Copyright © Harris Corporation 1997
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 82C54

Ordering Information
PART NUMBERS TEMPERATURE
8MHz 10MHz 12MHz RANGE PACKAGE PKG. NO.
CP82C54 CP82C54-10 CP82C54-12 0oC to +70oC 24 Lead PDIP E24.6
IP82C54 IP82C54-10 IP82C54-12 -40oC to +85oC 24 Lead PDIP E24.6
CS82C54 CS82C54-10 CS82C54-12 0oC to +70oC 28 Lead PLCC N28.45
IS82C54 IS82C54-10 IS82C54-12 -40oC to +85oC 28 Lead PLCC N28.45
CD82C54 CD82C54-10 CD82C54-12 0oC to +70oC 24 Lead CERDIP F24.6
ID82C54 ID82C54-10 ID82C54-12 -40oC to +85oC 24 Lead CERDIP F24.6
MD82C54/B MD82C54-10/B MD82C54-12/B -55oC to +125oC 24 Lead CERDIP F24.6
MR82C54/B MR82C54-10/B MR82C54-12/B -55oC to +125oC 28 Lead CLCC J28.A
SMD # 8406501JA - 8406502JA -55oC to +125oC 24 Lead CERDIP F24.6
SMD# 84065013A - 84065023A -55oC to +125oC 28 Lead CLCC J28.A
CM82C54 CM82C54-10 CM82C54-12 0oC to +70oC 24 Lead SOIC M24.3

Functional Diagram

CLK 0
DATA/ COUNTER
D7 - D0 8 BUS GATE 0 INTERNAL BUS
0
BUFFER
OUT 0

CONTROL STATUS
WORD LATCH
REGISTER
CRM CRL
RD CLK 1 STATUS
REGISTER
INTERNAL BUS

WR READ/ COUNTER GATE 1

WRITE 1
A0 LOGIC
OUT 1
A1 CE
CONTROL
LOGIC
CS

CLK 2
CONTROL OLM OLL
COUNTER GATE 2
WORD 2
REGISTER
OUT 2
GATE n

CLK n OUT n
COUNTER INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Pin Description
DIP PIN
SYMBOL NUMBER TYPE DEFINITION
D7 - D0 1-8 I/O DATA: Bi-directional three-state data bus lines, connected to system data bus.
CLK 0 9 I CLOCK 0: Clock input of Counter 0.
OUT 0 10 O OUT 0: Output of Counter 0.
GATE 0 11 I GATE 0: Gate input of Counter 0.
GND 12 GROUND: Power supply connection.
OUT 1 13 O OUT 1: Output of Counter 1.
GATE 1 14 I GATE 1: Gate input of Counter 1.
CLK 1 15 I CLOCK 1: Clock input of Counter 1.
GATE 2 16 I GATE 2: Gate input of Counter 2.
OUT 2 17 O OUT 2: Output of Counter 2.

4-2
 82C54

Pin Description (Continued)

DIP PIN
SYMBOL NUMBER TYPE DEFINITION
CLK 2 18 I CLOCK 2: Clock input of Counter 2.
A0, A1 19 - 20 I ADDRESS: Select inputs for one of the three counters or Control Word Register for read/write
operations. Normally connected to the system address bus.

A1 A0 SELECTS
0 0 Counter 0
0 1 Counter 1
1 0 Counter 2
1 1 Control Word Register

CS 21 I CHIP SELECT: A low on this input enables the 82C54 to respond to RD and WR signals. RD and
WR are ignored otherwise.
RD 22 I READ: This input is low during CPU read operations.
WR 23 I WRITE: This input is low during CPU write operations.
VCC 24 VCC: The +5V power supply pin. A 0.1µF capacitor between pins VCC and GND is recommended
for decoupling.

Functional Description
General
The 82C54 is a programmable interval timer/counter CLK 0
DATA/ COUNTER
designed for use with microcomputer systems. It is a general D7 - D0 8 BUS GATE 0
0
purpose, multi-timing element that can be treated as an BUFFER
OUT 0
array of I/O ports in the system software.
The 82C54 solves one of the most common problems in any
microcomputer system, the generation of accurate time
delays under software control. Instead of setting up timing RD CLK 1
loops in software, the programmer configures the 82C54 to WR READ/
INTERNAL BUS
COUNTER GATE 1
match his requirements and programs one of the counters WRITE 1
A0 LOGIC
for the desired delay. After the desired delay, the 82C54 will OUT 1
A1
interrupt the CPU. Software overhead is minimal and vari-
able length delays can easily be accommodated.
CS
Some of the other computer/timer functions common to micro-
computers which can be implemented with the 82C54 are: CLK 2
CONTROL COUNTER
• Real time clock WORD 2
GATE 2
REGISTER
• Event counter OUT 2

• Digital one-shot
• Programmable rate generator
• Square wave generator
• Binary rate multiplier FIGURE 1. DATA BUS BUFFER AND READ/WRITE LOGIC
FUNCTIONS
• Complex waveform generator
• Complex motor controller Read/Write Logic

Data Bus Buffer The Read/Write Logic accepts inputs from the system bus and
generates control signals for the other functional blocks of the
This three-state, bi-directional, 8-bit buffer is used to inter- 82C54. A1 and A0 select one of the three counters or the Con-
face the 82C54 to the system bus (see Figure 1). trol Word Register to be read from/written into. A “low” on the
RD input tells the 82C54 that the CPU is reading one of the
counters. A “low” on the WR input tells the 82C54 that the CPU
is writing either a Control Word or an initial count. Both RD and
WR are qualified by CS; RD and WR are ignored unless the
82C54 has been selected by holding CS low.

4-3
 82C54

Control Word Register

The Control Word Register (Figure 2) is selected by the INTERNAL BUS
Read/Write Logic when A1, A0 = 11. If the CPU then does a
write operation to the 82C54, the data is stored in the Con-
trol Word Register and is interpreted as a Control Word used CONTROL STATUS
WORD LATCH
to define the Counter operation. REGISTER
CRM CRL
The Control Word Register can only be written to; status STATUS
information is available with the Read-Back Command. REGISTER

CE
CLK 0 CONTROL
DATA/ COUNTER LOGIC
D7 - D0 8 BUS GATE 0
0
BUFFER
OUT 0

OLM OLL

RD CLK 1 GATE n
INTERNAL BUS

WR READ/ COUNTER GATE 1 CLK n OUT n

WRITE 1
A0 LOGIC
OUT 1
A1 FIGURE 3. COUNTER INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
OLM and OLL are two 8-bit latches. OL stands for “Output
CS Latch”; the subscripts M and L for “Most significant byte” and
“Least significant byte”, respectively. Both are normally referred
CLK 2 to as one unit and called just OL. These latches normally “fol-
CONTROL
WORD
COUNTER GATE 2 low” the CE, but if a suitable Counter Latch Command is sent to
2
REGISTER the 82C54, the latches “latch” the present count until read by
OUT 2
the CPU and then return to “following” the CE. One latch at a
time is enabled by the counter’s Control Logic to drive the inter-
nal bus. This is how the 16-bit Counter communicates over the
8-bit internal bus. Note that the CE itself cannot be read; when-
ever you read the count, it is the OL that is being read.
FIGURE 2. CONTROL WORD REGISTER AND COUNTER
FUNCTIONS Similarly, there are two 8-bit registers called CRM and CRL (for
“Count Register”). Both are normally referred to as one unit and
Counter 0, Counter 1, Counter 2
called just CR. When a new count is written to the Counter, the
These three functional blocks are identical in operation, so count is stored in the CR and later transferred to the CE. The
only a single Counter will be described. The internal block Control Logic allows one register at a time to be loaded from
diagram of a signal counter is shown in Figure 3. The the internal bus. Both bytes are transferred to the CE simulta-
counters are fully independent. Each Counter may operate neously. CRM and CRL are cleared when the Counter is pro-
in a different Mode. grammed for one byte counts (either most significant byte only
or least significant byte only) the other byte will be zero. Note
The Control Word Register is shown in the figure; it is not that the CE cannot be written into; whenever a count is written,
part of the Counter itself, but its contents determine how the it is written into the CR.
Counter operates.
The Control Logic is also shown in the diagram. CLK n,
The status register, shown in the figure, when latched, con- GATE n, and OUT n are all connected to the outside world
tains the current contents of the Control Word Register and through the Control Logic.
status of the output and null count flag. (See detailed expla-
nation of the Read-Back command.) 82C54 System Interface
The actual counter is labeled CE (for Counting Element). It is The 82C54 is treated by the system software as an array of
a 16-bit presettable synchronous down counter. peripheral I/O ports; three are counters and the fourth is a
control register for MODE programming.
Basically, the select inputs A0, A1 connect to the A0, A1
address bus signals of the CPU. The CS can be derived
directly from the address bus using a linear select method or
it can be connected to the output of a decoder.

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 82C54

Operational Description SC - Select Counter

General SC1 SC0
After power-up, the state of the 82C54 is undefined. The 0 0 Select Counter 0
Mode, count value, and output of all Counters are undefined. 0 1 Select Counter 1
How each Counter operates is determined when it is pro- 1 0 Select Counter 2
grammed. Each Counter must be programmed before it can 1 1 Read-Back Command (See Read Operations)
be used. Unused counters need not be programmed.
Programming the 82C54 RW - Read/Write

Counters are programmed by writing a Control Word and RW1 RW0

then an initial count. 0 0 Counter Latch Command (See Read Operations)

All Control Words are written into the Control Word Register, 0 1 Read/Write least significant byte only.
which is selected when A1, A0 = 11. The Control Word spec- 1 0 Read/Write most significant byte only.
ifies which Counter is being programmed. 1 1 Read/Write least significant byte first, then most
By contrast, initial counts are written into the Counters, not significant byte.
the Control Word Register. The A1, A0 inputs are used to
M - Mode
select the Counter to be written into. The format of the initial
count is determined by the Control Word used. M2 M1 M0
0 0 0 Mode 0
ADDRESS BUS (16)
0 0 1 Mode 1
A1 A0
X 1 0 Mode 2
CONTROL BUS
I/OR I/OW X 1 1 Mode 3
DATA BUS (8) 1 0 0 Mode 4
1 0 1 Mode 5
8

BCD - Binary Coded Decimal

A1 A0 CS D0 - D7 RD WR
82C54 0 Binary Counter 16-bit
COUNTER COUNTER COUNTER
0 1 2 1 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Counter (4 Decades)

OUT GATE CLK OUT GATE CLK OUT GATE CLK

NOTE: Don’t Care bits (X) should be 0 to insure compatibility with
future products.

Possible Programming Sequence

FIGURE 4. 82C54 SYSTEM INTERFACE
A1 A0
Write Operations
Control Word - Counter 0 1 1
The programming procedure for the 82C54 is very flexible. LSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0
Only two conventions need to be remembered:
MSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0
1. For Each Counter, the Control Word must be written
before the initial count is written. Control Word - Counter 1 1 1
LSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1
2. The initial count must follow the count format specified in the
Control Word (least significant byte only, most significant byte MSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1
only, or least significant byte and then most significant byte). Control Word - Counter 2 1 1
Since the Control Word Register and the three Counters have LSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0
separate addresses (selected by the A1, A0 inputs), and each MSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0
Control Word specifies the Counter it applies to (SC0, SC1 bits),
no special instruction sequence is required. Any programming Possible Programming Sequence
sequence that follows the conventions above is acceptable.
A1 A0
Control Word Format
Control Word - Counter 0 1 1
A1, A0 = 11; CS = 0; RD = 1; WR = 0 Control Word - Counter 1 1 1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Control Word - Counter 2 1 1
SC1 SC0 RW1 RW0 M2 M1 M0 BCD LSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0

4-5
 82C54

Possible Programming Sequence (Continued) explained later. The second is a simple read operation of the
Counter, which is selected with the A1, A0 inputs. The only
A1 A0 requirement is that the CLK input of the selected Counter
LSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1 must be inhibited by using either the GATE input or external
LSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0 logic. Otherwise, the count may be in process of changing
when it is read, giving an undefined result.
MSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0
MSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1
Counter Latch Command

MSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0 The other method for reading the Counters involves a spe-
cial software command called the “Counter Latch Com-
Possible Programming Sequence mand”. Like a Control Word, this command is written to the
Control Word Register, which is selected when A1, A0 = 11.
A1 A0 Also, like a Control Word, the SC0, SC1 bits select one of
Control Word - Counter 2 1 1 the three Counters, but two other bits, D5 and D4, distin-
guish this command from a Control Word.
Control Word - Counter 1 1 1
.

Control Word - Counter 0 1 1 A1, A0 = 11; CS = 0; RD = 1; WR = 0

LSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
MSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0
SC1 SC0 0 0 X X X X
LSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1
MSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1 SC1, SC0 - specify counter to be latched
LSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0 SC1 SC0 COUNTER
MSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0
0 0 0
Possible Programming Sequence 0 1 1
A1 A0 1 0 2
Control Word - Counter 1 1 1
1 1 Read-Back Command
Control Word - Counter 0 1 1
D5, D4 - 00 designates Counter Latch Command, X - Don’t Care.
LSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1
NOTE: Don’t Care bits (X) should be 0 to insure compatibility with
Control Word - Counter 2 1 1 future products.
LSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0 The selected Counter’s output latch (OL) latches the count
MSB of Count - Counter 1 0 1 when the Counter Latch Command is received. This count is
held in the latch until it is read by the CPU (or until the Counter
LSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0
is reprogrammed). The count is then unlatched automatically
MSB of Count - Counter 0 0 0 and the OL returns to “following” the counting element (CE).
MSB of Count - Counter 2 1 0 This allows reading the contents of the Counters “on the fly”
NOTE: In all four examples, all counters are programmed to
without affecting counting in progress. Multiple Counter Latch
Read/Write two-byte counts. These are only four of many Commands may be used to latch more than one Counter.
programming sequences. Each latched Counter’s OL holds its count until read. Counter
Latch Commands do not affect the programmed Mode of the
A new initial count may be written to a Counter at any time Counter in any way.
without affecting the Counter’s programmed Mode in any way.
Counting will be affected as described in the Mode definitions. If a Counter is latched and then, some time later, latched
The new count must follow the programmed count format. again before the count is read, the second Counter Latch
Command is ignored. The count read will be the count at the
If a Counter is programmed to read/write two-byte counts, time the first Counter Latch Command was issued.
the following precaution applies. A program must not transfer
control between writing the first and second byte to another With either method, the count must be read according to the
routine which also writes into that same Counter. Otherwise, programmed format; specifically, if the Counter is pro-
the Counter will be loaded with an incorrect count. grammed for two byte counts, two bytes must be read. The
two bytes do not have to be read one right after the other;
Read Operations read or write or programming operations of other Counters
may be inserted between them.
It is often desirable to read the value of a Counter without
disturbing the count in progress. This is easily done in the Another feature of the 82C54 is that reads and writes of the
82C54. same Counter may be interleaved; for example, if the
Counter is programmed for two byte counts, the following
There are three possible methods for reading the Counters.
sequence is valid.
The first is through the Read-Back command, which is

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 82C54

1. Read least significant byte. The read-back command may also be used to latch status
2. Write new least significant byte. information of selected counter(s) by setting STATUS bit D4
= 0. Status must be latched to be read; status of a counter is
3. Read most significant byte.
accessed by a read from that counter.
4. Write new most significant byte.
The counter status format is shown in Figure 6. Bits D5
If a counter is programmed to read or write two-byte counts,
through D0 contain the counter’s programmed Mode exactly
the following precaution applies: A program MUST NOT
as written in the last Mode Control Word. OUTPUT bit D7
transfer control between reading the first and second byte to
contains the current state of the OUT pin. This allows the
another routine which also reads from that same Counter.
user to monitor the counter’s output via software, possibly
Otherwise, an incorrect count will be read.
eliminating some hardware from a system.
Read-Back Command
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
The read-back command allows the user to check the count OUTPUT NULL RW1 RW0 M2 M1 M0 BCD
value, programmed Mode, and current state of the OUT pin COUNT
and Null Count flag of the selected counter(s).
D7: 1 = Out pin is 1
The command is written into the Control Word Register and 0 = Out pin is 0
has the format shown in Figure 5. The command applies to D6: 1 = Null count
the counters selected by setting their corresponding bits D3, 0 = Count available for reading
D2, D1 = 1. D5 - D0 = Counter programmed mode (See Control Word Formats)

A0, A1 = 11; CS = 0; RD = 1; WR = 0 FIGURE 6. STATUS BYTE

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 NULL COUNT bit D6 indicates when the last count written to

1 1 COUNT STATUS CNT 2 CNT 1 CNT 0 0 the counter register (CR) has been loaded into the counting
element (CE). The exact time this happens depends on the
D5: 0 = Latch count of selected Counter (s)
Mode of the counter and is described in the Mode Definitions,
D4: 0 = Latch status of selected Counter(s)
but until the counter is loaded into the counting element (CE),
D3: 1 = Select Counter 2
D2: 1 = Select Counter 1 it can’t be read from the counter. If the count is latched or read
D1: 1 = Select Counter 0 before this time, the count value will not reflect the new count
D0: Reserved for future expansion; Must be 0 just written. The operation of Null Count is shown below.
THIS ACTION: CAUSES:
FIGURE 5. READ-BACK COMMAND FORMAT
A. Write to the control word register:(1) . . . . . . . . . . Null Count = 1
The read-back command may be used to latch multiple B. Write to the count register (CR):(2) . . . . . . . . . . . Null Count = 1
counter output latches (OL) by setting the COUNT bit D5 = 0 C. New count is loaded into CE (CR - CE) . . . . . . . . Null Count = 0
and selecting the desired counter(s). This signal command (1) Only the counter specified by the control word will have its null
is functionally equivalent to several counter latch commands, count set to 1. Null count bits of other counters are unaffected.
one for each counter latched. Each counter’s latched count (2) If the counter is programmed for two-byte counts (least signifi-
is held until it is read (or the counter is reprogrammed). That cant byte then most significant byte) null count goes to 1 when
counter is automatically unlatched when read, but other the second byte is written.
counters remain latched until they are read. If multiple count If multiple status latch operations of the counter(s) are per-
read-back commands are issued to the same counter with- formed without reading the status, all but the first are ignored;
out reading the count, all but the first are ignored; i.e., the i.e., the status that will be read is the status of the counter at
count which will be read is the count at the time the first the time the first status read-back command was issued.
read-back command was issued.

COMMANDS
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DESCRIPTION RESULT
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Read-Back Count and Status of Counter 0 Count and Status Latched for Counter 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 Read-Back Status of Counter 1 Status Latched for Counter 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 Read-Back Status of Counters 2, 1 Status Latched for Counter 2,
But Not Counter 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Read-Back Count of Counter 2 Count Latched for Counter 2
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Read-Back Count and Status of Counter 1 Count Latched for Counter 1,
But Not Status
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 Read-Back Status of Counter 1 Command Ignored, Status Already
Latched for Counter 1
FIGURE 7. READ-BACK COMMAND EXAMPLE

4-7
 82C54

Both count and status of the selected counter(s) may be If a new count is written to the Counter it will be loaded on
latched simultaneously by setting both COUNT and STATUS the next CLK pulse and counting will continue from the new
bits D5, D4 = 0. This is functionally the same as issuing two count. If a two-byte count is written, the following happens:
separate read-back commands at once, and the above dis-
(1) Writing the first byte disables counting. Out is set low
cussions apply here also. Specifically, if multiple count
immediately (no clock pulse required).
and/or status read-back commands are issued to the same
counter(s) without any intervening reads, all but the first are (2) Writing the second byte allows the new count to be
ignored. This is illustrated in Figure 7. loaded on the next CLK pulse.
If both count and status of a counter are latched, the first This allows the counting sequence to be synchronized by
read operation of that counter will return latched status, software. Again OUT does not go high until N + 1 CLK
regardless of which was latched first. The next one or two pulses after the new count of N is written.
reads (depending on whether the counter is programmed for
one or two type counts) return latched count. Subsequent If an initial count is written while GATE = 0, it will still be
reads return unlatched count. loaded on the next CLK pulse. When GATE goes high, OUT
will go high N CLK pulses later; no CLK pulse is needed to
CS RD WR A1 A0 load the counter as this has already been done.
CW = 10 LSB = 4
0 1 0 0 0 Write into Counter 0
WR
0 1 0 0 1 Write into Counter 1
0 1 0 1 0 Write into Counter 2 CLK
0 1 0 1 1 Write Control Word
GATE
0 0 1 0 0 Read from Counter 0
OUT
0 0 1 0 1 Read from Counter 1
0 0 0 0 0 FF FF
0 0 1 1 0 Read from Counter 2 N N N N 4 3 2 1 0 FF FE
0 0 1 1 1 No-Operation (Three-State)
CW = 10 LSB = 3
1 X X X X No-Operation (Three-State)
WR
0 1 1 X X No-Operation (Three-State)
CLK
FIGURE 8. READ/WRITE OPERATIONS SUMMARY
Mode Definitions GATE
The following are defined for use in describing the operation
of the 82C54. OUT

CLK PULSE: 0 0 0 0 0 0 FF
N N N N 3 2 2 2 1 0 FF
A rising edge, then a falling edge, in that order, of a
Counter’s CLK input. CW = 10 LSB = 3 LSB = 2
WR
TRIGGER:
A rising edge of a Counter’s Gate input. CLK

COUNTER LOADING:
GATE
The transfer of a count from the CR to the CE (See “Func-
OUT
tional Description”)
0 0 0 0 0 0 FF
N N N N 3 2 1 2 1 0 FF
Mode 0: Interrupt on Terminal Count
Mode 0 is typically used for event counting. After the Control FIGURE 9. MODE 0
Word is written, OUT is initially low, and will remain low until NOTES: The following conventions apply to all mode timing diagrams.
the Counter reaches zero. OUT then goes high and remains 1. Counters are programmed for binary (not BCD) counting and for
high until a new count or a new Mode 0 Control Word is writ- reading/writing least significant byte (LSB) only.
ten to the Counter. 2. The counter is always selected (CS always low).
3. CW stands for “Control Word”; CW = 10 means a control word of
GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting. 10, Hex is written to the counter.
GATE has no effect on OUT.
4. LSB stands for Least significant “byte” of count.
After the Control Word and initial count are written to a 5. Numbers below diagrams are count values. The lower number is
Counter, the initial count will be loaded on the next CLK the least significant byte. The upper number is the most signifi-
pulse. This CLK pulse does not decrement the count, so for cant byte. Since the counter is programmed to read/write LSB
an initial count of N, OUT does not go high until N + 1 CLK only, the most significant byte cannot be read.
pulses after the initial count is written. 6. N stands for an undefined count.
7. Vertical lines show transitions between count values.

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 82C54

Mode 1: Hardware Retriggerable One-Shot Mode 2: Rate Generator

OUT will be initially high. OUT will go low on the CLK pulse This Mode functions like a divide-by-N counter. It is typically
following a trigger to begin the one-shot pulse, and will remain used to generate a Real Time Clock Interrupt. OUT will ini-
low until the Counter reaches zero. OUT will then go high and tially be high. When the initial count has decremented to 1,
remain high until the CLK pulse after the next trigger. OUT goes low for one CLK pulse. OUT then goes high
again, the Counter reloads the initial count and the process
After writing the Control Word and initial count, the Counter is
is repeated. Mode 2 is periodic; the same sequence is
armed. A trigger results in loading the Counter and setting
repeated indefinitely. For an initial count of N, the sequence
OUT low on the next CLK pulse, thus starting the one-shot
repeats every N CLK cycles.
pulse N CLK cycles in duration. The one-shot is retriggerable,
hence OUT will remain low for N CLK pulses after any trigger. GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting. If
The one-shot pulse can be repeated without rewriting the GATE goes low during an output pulse, OUT is set high
same count into the counter. GATE has no effect on OUT. immediately. A trigger reloads the Counter with the initial
count on the next CLK pulse; OUT goes low N CLK pulses
If a new count is written to the Counter during a one-shot
after the trigger. Thus the GATE input can be used to syn-
pulse, the current one-shot is not affected unless the
chronize the Counter.
Counter is retriggerable. In that case, the Counter is loaded
with the new count and the one-shot pulse continues until After writing a Control Word and initial count, the Counter will
the new count expires. be loaded on the next CLK pulse. OUT goes low N CLK
pulses after the initial count is written. This allows the
CW = 12 LSB = 3 Counter to be synchronized by software also.

WR Writing a new count while counting does not affect the current
counting sequence. If a trigger is received after writing a new
count but before the end of the current period, the Counter will
CLK
be loaded with the new count on the next CLK pulse and count-
ing will continue from the end of the current counting cycle.
GATE
CW = 14 LSB = 3
OUT WR

0 0 0 0 FF 0 0
N N N N N 3 2 1 0 FF 3 2 CLK

CW = 12 LSB = 3 GATE

WR OUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N 3 2 1 3 2 1 3
CLK

CW = 14 LSB = 3
GATE WR

OUT CLK

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N 3 2 1 3 2 1 0 GATE

CW = 12 LSB = 2 LSB = 4 OUT

WR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N 3 2 2 3 2 1 3

CLK CW = 14 LSB = 4 LSB = 5

WR
GATE
CLK
OUT
GATE
0 0 0 FF FF 0 0
N N N N N 2 1 0 FF FE 4 3 OUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FIGURE 10. MODE 1 N N N N 4 3 2 1 5 4 3

FIGURE 11. MODE 2

4-9
 82C54

Mode 3: Square Wave Mode Mode 3 is Implemented as Follows:

Mode 3 is typically used for Baud rate generation. Mode 3 is EVEN COUNTS: OUT is initially high. The initial count is
similar to Mode 2 except for the duty cycle of OUT. OUT will loaded on one CLK pulse and then is decremented by two
initially be high. When half the initial count has expired, OUT on succeeding CLK pulses. When the count expires, OUT
goes low for the remainder of the count. Mode 3 is periodic; changes value and the Counter is reloaded with the initial
the sequence above is repeated indefinitely. An initial count count. The above process is repeated indefinitely.
of N results in a square wave with a period of N CLK cycles.
ODD COUNTS: OUT is initially high. The initial count is loaded
GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting. If on one CLK pulse, decremented by one on the next CLK pulse,
GATE goes low while OUT is low, OUT is set high immedi- and then decremented by two on succeeding CLK pulses.
ately; no CLK pulse is required. A trigger reloads the When the count expires, OUT goes low and the Counter is
Counter with the initial count on the next CLK pulse. Thus reloaded with the initial count. The count is decremented by
the GATE input can be used to synchronize the Counter. three on the next CLK pulse, and then by two on succeeding
CLK pulses. When the count expires, OUT goes high again and
After writing a Control Word and initial count, the Counter will
the Counter is reloaded with the initial count. The above pro-
be loaded on the next CLK pulse. This allows the Counter to
cess is repeated indefinitely. So for odd counts, OUT will be
be synchronized by software also.
high for (N + 1)/2 counts and low for (N - 1)/2 counts.
Writing a new count while counting does not affect the cur-
Mode 4: Software Triggered Mode
rent counting sequence. If a trigger is received after writing a
new count but before the end of the current half-cycle of the OUT will be initially high. When the initial count expires, OUT
square wave, the Counter will be loaded with the new count will go low for one CLK pulse then go high again. The count-
on the next CLK pulse and counting will continue from the ing sequence is “Triggered” by writing the initial count.
new count. Otherwise, the new count will be loaded at the
GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting.
end of the current half-cycle.
GATE has no effect on OUT.
CW = 16 LSB = 4 After writing a Control Word and initial count, the Counter will be
WR loaded on the next CLK pulse. This CLK pulse does not decre-
ment the count, so for an initial count of N, OUT does not strobe
low until N + 1 CLK pulses after the initial count is written.
CLK
If a new count is written during counting, it will be loaded on
GATE the next CLK pulse and counting will continue from the new
count. If a two-byte count is written, the following happens:
OUT
(1) Writing the first byte has no effect on counting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
(2) Writing the second byte allows the new count to be
CW = 16 LSB = 5 loaded on the next CLK pulse.
WR This allows the sequence to be “retriggered” by software. OUT
strobes low N + 1 CLK pulses after the new count of N is written.
CLK

GATE

OUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N 5 4 2 5 2 5 4 2 5 2

CW = 16 LSB = 4

WR

CLK

GATE

OUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 2

FIGURE 12. MODE 3

4-10
 82C54

CW = 18 LSB = 3 CW = 1A LSB = 3
WR WR

CLK CLK

GATE
GATE
OUT

0 0 0 0 FF FF FF OUT
N N N N 3 2 1 0 FF FE FD
0 0 0 0 FF 0
N N N N N 3 2 1 0 FF 3
CW = 18 LSB = 3
WR CW = 1A LSB = 3
WR
CLK
CLK
GATE
GATE
OUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 FF OUT
N N N N 3 3 3 2 1 0 FF
0 0 0 0 0 0 FF
N N N N N N 3 2 3 2 1 0 FF
CW = 18 LSB = 3 LSB = 2

WR CW = 1A LSB = 3 LSB = 5
WR
CLK
CLK
GATE

OUT GATE

0 0 0 0 0 0 FF
N N N N 3 2 1 2 1 0 FF OUT

FIGURE 13. MODE 4 0 0 0 0 FF FF 0 0

N N N N N 3 2 1 0 FF FE 5 4
Mode 5: Hardware Triggered Strobe (Retriggerable)
FIGURE 14. MODE 5
OUT will initially be high. Counting is triggered by a rising
edge of GATE. When the initial count has expired, OUT will Operation Common to All Modes
go low for one CLK pulse and then go high again.
Programming
After writing the Control Word and initial count, the counter
When a Control Word is written to a Counter, all Control
will not be loaded until the CLK pulse after a trigger. This
Logic, is immediately reset and OUT goes to a known initial
CLK pulse does not decrement the count, so for an initial
state; no CLK pulses are required for this.
count of N, OUT does not strobe low until N + 1 CLK pulses
after trigger. Gate
A trigger results in the Counter being loaded with the initial The GATE input is always sampled on the rising edge of
count on the next CLK pulse. The counting sequence is trig- CLK. In Modes 0, 2, 3 and 4 the GATE input is level sensi-
gerable. OUT will not strobe low for N + 1 CLK pulses after tive, and logic level is sampled on the rising edge of CLK. In
any trigger GATE has no effect on OUT. modes 1, 2, 3 and 5 the GATE input is rising-edge sensitive.
In these Modes, a rising edge of Gate (trigger) sets an edge-
If a new count is written during counting, the current count-
sensitive flip-flop in the Counter. This flip-flop is then sam-
ing sequence will not be affected. If a trigger occurs after the
pled on the next rising edge of CLK. The flip-flop is reset
new count is written but before the current count expires, the
immediately after it is sampled. In this way, a trigger will be
Counter will be loaded with new count on the next CLK pulse
detected no matter when it occurs - a high logic level does
and counting will continue from there.
not have to be maintained until the next rising edge of CLK.
Note that in Modes 2 and 3, the GATE input is both edge-
and level-sensitive.

4-11
 82C54

Counter
New counts are loaded and Counters are decremented on
MODE MIN COUNT MAX COUNT
the falling edge of CLK.
0 1 0
The largest possible initial count is 0; this is equivalent to 216
for binary counting and 104 for BCD counting. 1 1 0

The counter does not stop when it reaches zero. In Modes 0, 2 2 0

1, 4, and 5 the Counter “wraps around” to the highest count, 3 2 0
either FFFF hex for binary counting or 9999 for BCD count-
ing, and continues counting. Modes 2 and 3 are periodic; the 4 1 0
Counter reloads itself with the initial count and continues 5 1 0
counting from there.
NOTE: 0 is equivalent to 216 for binary counting and 104 for BCD
SIGNAL counting.
STATUS LOW OR FIGURE 16. MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM INITIAL COUNTS
MODES GOING LOW RISING HIGH
0 Disables Counting - Enables Counting
1 - 1) Initiates -
Counting
2) Resets output
after next clock
2 1) Disables Initiates Counting Enables Counting
counting
2) Sets output im-
mediately high
3 1) Disables Initiates Counting Enables Counting
counting
2) Sets output im-
mediately high
4 1) Disables - Enables Counting
Counting
5 - Initiates Counting -

FIGURE 15. GATE PIN OPERATIONS SUMMARY

4-12
 82C54

Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information

Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V Thermal Resistance (Typical) θJA (oC/W) θJC (oC/W)
Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . GND-0.5V to VCC +0.5V CERDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 12
ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class 1 CLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 14
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 N/A
Operating Conditions PLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 N/A
Operating Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to +5.5V SOIC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 N/A
Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to +150oC
C82C54, C82C54-10, -12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC Maximum Junction Temperature Ceramic Package . . . . . . . +175oC
I82C54, I82C54-10, -12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC Maximum Junction Temperature Plastic Package. . . . . . . . . +150oC
M82C54, M82C54-10, -12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC Maximum Lead Temperature Package (Soldering 10s) . . . . +300oC
(PLCC and SOIC - Lean Tips Only)

Die Characteristics
Gate Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2250 Gates
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.

DC Electrical Specifications VCC = +5.0V ± 10%, TA = 0oC to +70oC (C82C54, C82C54-10, C82C54-12)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I82C54, I82C54-10, I82C54-12)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M82C54, M82C54-10, M82C54-12

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN MAX UNITS TEST CONDITIONS

VIH Logical One Input Voltage 2.0 - V C82C54, I82C54

2.2 - V M82C54

VIL Logical Zero Input Voltage - 0.8 V

VOH Output HIGH Voltage 3.0 - V IOH = -2.5mA

VCC -0.4 - V IOH = -100µA

VOL Output LOW Voltage - 0.4 V IOL = +2.5mA

II Input Leakage Current -1 +1 µA VIN = GND or VCC

DIP Pins 9,11,14-16,18-23

IO Output Leakage Current -10 +10 µA VOUT = GND or VCC

DIP Pins 1-8

ICCSB Standby Power Supply Current - 10 µA VCC = 5.5V, VIN = GND or VCC,
Outputs Open, Counters
Programmed

ICCOP Operating Power Supply Current - 10 mA VCC = 5.5V,

CLK0 = CLK1 = CLK2 = 8MHz,
VIN = GND or VCC,
Outputs Open

Capacitance TA = +25oC; All Measurements Referenced to Device GND, Note 1

SYMBOL PARAMETER TYP UNITS TEST CONDITIONS

CIN Input Capacitance 20 pF FREQ = 1MHz

COUT Output Capacitance 20 pF FREQ = 1MHz

CI/O I/O Capacitance 20 pF FREQ = 1MHz

NOTE:
1. Not tested, but characterized at initial design and at major process/design changes.

4-13
 82C54

AC Electrical Specifications VCC = +5.0V ± 10%, TA = 0oC to +70oC (C82C54, C82C54-10, C82C54-12)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I82C54, I82C54-10, I82C54-12)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M82C54, M82C54-10, M82C54-12)

82C54 82C54-10 82C54-12

TEST
SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX UNITS CONDITIONS

READ CYCLE

(1) TAR Address Stable Before RD 30 - 25 - 25 - ns 1

(2) TSR CS Stable Before RD 0 - 0 - 0 - ns 1

(3) TRA Address Hold Time After RD 0 - 0 - 0 - ns 1

(4) TRR RD Pulse Width 150 - 95 - 95 - ns 1

(5) TRD Data Delay from RD - 120 - 85 - 85 ns 1

(6) TAD Data Delay from Address - 210 - 185 - 185 ns 1

(7) TDF RD to Data Floating 5 85 5 65 5 65 ns 2, Note 1

(8) TRV Command Recovery Time 200 - 165 - 165 - ns

WRITE CYCLE

(9) TAW Address Stable Before WR 0 - 0 - 0 - ns

(10) TSW CS Stable Before WR 0 - 0 - 0 - ns

(11) TWA Address Hold Time After WR 0 - 0 - 0 - ns

(12) TWW WR Pulse Width 95 - 95 - 95 - ns

(13) TDW Data Setup Time Before WR 140 - 95 - 95 - ns

(14) TWD Data Hold Time After WR 25 - 0 - 0 - ns

(15) TRV Command Recovery Time 200 - 165 - 165 - ns

CLOCK AND GATE

(16) TCLK Clock Period 125 DC 100 DC 80 DC ns 1

(17) TPWH High Pulse Width 60 - 30 - 30 - ns 1

(18) TPWL Low Pulse Width 60 - 40 - 30 - ns 1

(19) TR Clock Rise Time - 25 - 25 - 25 ns

(20) TF Clock Fall Time - 25 - 25 - 25 ns

(21) TGW Gate Width High 50 - 50 - 50 - ns 1

(22) TGL Gate Width Low 50 - 50 - 50 - ns 1

(23) TGS Gate Setup Time to CLK 50 - 40 - 40 - ns 1

(24) TGH Gate Hold Time After CLK 50 - 50 - 50 - ns 1

(25) TOD Output Delay from CLK - 150 - 100 - 100 ns 1

(26) TODG Output Delay from Gate - 120 - 100 - 100 ns 1

(27) TWO OUT Delay from Mode Write - 260 - 240 - 240 ns 1

(28) TWC CLK Delay for Loading 0 55 0 55 0 55 ns 1

(29) TWG Gate Delay for Sampling -5 40 -5 40 -5 40 ns 1

(30) TCL CLK Setup for Count Latch -40 40 -40 40 -40 40 ns 1

NOTE:
1. Not tested, but characterized at initial design and at major process/design changes.

4-14
 82C54

Timing Waveforms

A0 - A1

(9)
tWA (11)
tAW
CS
(10)
tSW

DATA BUS VALID

(13)
tDW tWD (14)

WR

(12)
tWW

FIGURE 17. WRITE

A0 - A1

tAR (1) tRA (3)

CS
(2)
tSR (4)
tRR
RD
(5) (7)
tRD tDF
(6)
DATA BUS tAD
VALID

FIGURE 18. READ

(8) (15)
tRV

RD, WR

FIGURE 19. RECOVERY

COUNT
MODE (SEE NOTE)

WR
tWC (28) (23)
(16)
tGS
(17) tCLK
tCL (30)
tPWH (18)
CLK tPWL
(19)
tGS tF (20)
tR tGH (24)
(23)
GATE (21)
(24) tGW
(22)
tGH tGL tOD (25)
OUT
(27) tODG (26)
tWO
NOTE: LAST BYTE OF COUNT BEING WRITTEN

FIGURE 20. CLOCK AND GATE

4-15
 82C54

Burn-In Circuits
MD 82C54 CERDIP

VCC
C1
R1
Q1 1 24
R1 R1
Q2 2 23 Q3
R1 R1
VCC 3 22 VCC
R1 R1
GND 4 21 GND
R1 R1
F9 5 20 Q5 VCC
R1 R1
F10 6 19 Q4
R1 R2
F11 7 18 F2
R1 R3
F12 8 17 A
R2 R1 A
F0 9 16 Q8
R2 R4
A 10 15 F1
R1 R1
Q6 11 14 Q7
GND 12 13 A

MR 82C54 CLCC
VCC
C1

VCC Q2 Q1 OPEN Q3 VCC

R1 R1 R1 R1 R1

4 3 2 1 28 27 26
R1
GND 5 25 OPEN
R1 R1
F9 6 24 GND
R1 R1
F10 7 23 Q5
R1 R1
F11 8 22 Q4
R1 R2
F12 9 21 F2
R2 R5
F0 10 20 VCC/2
R1
OPEN 11 19 Q8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18

R5 R1 R5 R1 R2

VCC/2 Q6 GND VCC/2 Q7 F1

OPEN

NOTES:
1. VCC = 5.5V ± 0.5V 8. R4 = 1.8kΩ ±5%
2. GND = 0V 9. R5 = 1.2kΩ ±5%
3. VIH = 4.5V ±10% 10. C1 = 0.01µF Min
4. VIL = -0.2V to 0.4V 11. F0 = 100kHz ±10%
5. R1 = 47kΩ ±5% 12. F1 = F0/2, F2 = F1/2, ...F12 = F11/2
6. R2 = 1.0kΩ ±5%
7. R3 = 2.7kΩ ±5%

4-16
 82C54

Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS: Thickness: Metal 1: 8kÅ ± 0.75kÅ
129mils x 155mils x 19mils Metal 2: 12kÅ ± 1.0kÅ
(3270µm x 3940µm x 483µm)
GLASSIVATION:
METALLIZATION: Type: Nitrox
Type: Si-Al-Cu Thickness: 10kÅ ± 3.0kÅ

Metallization Mask Layout

82C54

D5 D6 D7 VCC WR RD

D4 CS

D3 A1

D2 A0

D1 CLK2

D0 OUT2

CLK0 GATE2

OUT0 GATE0 GND OUT1 GATE1 CLK1

4-17