LEVEL TWO LEARN IN YOUR CAR"CD ITALIAN by Henry N. Raymond Learn In Your Car is the only language leaming system designed to teach a foreign language in your car as you drive, without the aid of a textbook. This booklet contains the entire recorded text for your reference so that you can see how the words are spelled. This booklet also contains additional expla- nations which will be helpful to you if you have trouble understanding some of the concepts. ABOUT THIS COURSE Learn In Your Car ~ Italian, Level Two is a continuation of Learn in Your Car Italian, Level One. Level Two begins where Level One ends. Level One is designed and organized primarily with the traveler in mind. Level Two continues with more ideas, concepts, and vocabulary that are useful to the traveler, but introduces more complex vocabulary and grammar. The following guidelines are used: 1. The basic premise is that communicating in a language requires learning words, phrases, and sentences; but you can't, Jeam to communicate effectively in a language unless you know the individual meaning of each word. 2. The emphasis is on communication. Words, phrases, or sentences can be used to communicate. It is not always necessary to use a complete sentence to convey a thought. 3. IUteaches the way a child leams. Children siart by learning ‘one-word sentences, then two-word sentences, etc 4. It teaches the most important things first. This course does not use your valuable memory to store useless words. The important words you need to survive and get around are ught first. Grammar is introduced in the later lessons, but it is taught with examples rather than rules. 5. No more than one new word is introduced at a time. This means you won't hear a sentence or a phrase and wonder which sound corresponds to which word. (Various forms of previously introduced verbs are used along with new words.) 6. No textbook is required. The fact that no more than one new word is introduced at a time enables you to use the CDs effectively without referring to a textbook. The CDs are designed to be used without a textbook so that you can use them while driving a car or while doing other things which require similar amounts of concentration. 7. Literal (word-for-word) translations are used as much as possible. This enables you to understand how a sentence or Dhrase is constructed and what the individual words mean. HOW TO USE “LEARN IN YOUR CAR ~ ITALIAN” ‘The lessons start immediately at the beginning of Disc One with no introduction so that you don't have to listen to the ‘same introduction over and over again. Simply start the first disc and play through the first Jesson. For cach expression, you will hear the English version fol- lowed by a pause, then the Italian translation followed by a pause, then the Italian translation a second time followed by a third pause. At first, you will only be able to imitate the Italian ‘words in the two pauses after the Italian translations (the sec- ‘ond and third pauses). As you learn and progress, you will be able to recall and recite the Italian version during the first pause before you hear the first Italian translation. Be sure to speak the Italian expressions out loud. The rate at which you earn will be significantly slower if you do not speak the Italian expressions aloud. Play the first Iesson several times until you learn most of it. Then start playing the first followed by the second until you ear most of the second. As you progress, keep adding Tessons. Always go back fo the beginning to reinforce the material you have already learned, (As you progress through the material, you may want to restart at some place other than the very beginning of the first disc. This is fine as long as youknow all the material ahead of your starting point. Later lessons are designed with the assumption that you already know the material in earlier lessons.) NOTES ABOUT THE TEXT + Words which are underlined in phrases in the text have the same meaning in both English and Italian, When a new word is introduced, it will usually be underlined Literal translations are in parentheses with an “L.” such as “(L. This isa literal translation)” + Words in brackets [like this] are understood or indicate con- text, but are not heard on the discs. NOTES ABOUT THE CDs + The CD format, with each lesson on a separate track, allows ‘you to instantly target the exact lesson you wish to review. ‘The disc and track numbers for each lesson are listed in the Table of Contents. + The Italian and English translations are on separate chan nels. If you wish to hear only the Italian translations, simply adjust the balance control of your CD player so that you hear only the Italian version. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Gloria Grandini, Ester Pavelko and Rosanna Ferraro who helped to make this audio production possible. Henry Raymond, Produced & distributed by Penton Overseas, Ine. 2470 Impala Dive, Caribad, CA 92008-7226 USA 760-431-0060 + 800-748-5804 » Fax: 760-431-8110 ‘email [email protected] + Website: htp/wsww:pentonaverseas.com Disc 1 Tracks 1. Lesson 40, 2. Lesson 41 3. Lesson 42. 4. Lesson 3, 5 Lescon 42, 6 Lesson 35, 7. Lesson 46. 8 Lesson 47 9. Lesson 4, 10, Lesson 49, ML, Lesson 50. 12. Lesson 13, Lesson 32. Dise 2: Tacks Le Lesson $3 2 Lesson 54. 3 Lesson 55, '§ Lesson 56. SS Lason 57. 6, Lesson 58. 7. Lesson 59, 8. Lesson 60, 9, Lesson 6 10. Lesson 62. HL Lesson 63 Disc 3: Tracks 1. Lesson 64 2. Lesson 65. 3. Lesson 66. 44 Lesson 67. 5. Lesson 68, 6 Lesson 69, 7. Lesson 70 8 Lesson 71 9. Lesson 72 10. Lesson 73 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS 13 Typical Regular Verbs with “TRE" endings (Present Tease) Irregular IRE” Verbs which use “ISC* endings (Present Tense) "The verbs "To Live" and "To Reside” “Typical Regular Verbs wth "ARE" endings “Typical Regular Verbs with "ERE" endings ‘Typical Regular Verbs with "IRE" endings ‘Speaking with the infinitive of a verb ‘Speaking inthe Past Tense (Passato Prossirvo) Speaking inthe Pes Tense (PassatoProssirmo) ‘Passato Prossimo with verbs that use "Bssere” Infinitive Verb Forms ‘More Infnitives ‘The Telephone 1a Practice with the Past Tense ‘More Pas Patciples ‘The Verb "Esser, Imperfect Tense ‘The Verb "Aver", Imperfect Tense “Typical Regular Verbs with "ARE" ending, Imperfect Tense ‘Typical Regular Verbs with “ERE® ending, Imperfect Tense ‘Typical Regular Verbs with "IRE" ending. Imperfect ‘Tense Some Common Verbs in the Imperfect Tense Some Important Concepts More Important Concepts Useful Singular Verb Forms in sentences, Present Tense 1-10 ‘Useful Plural Verb Forms in sentences, Present ‘Tense ‘The verb "TO GO", Present Tense Using Direct Object Pronouns in sentences ‘Moce Direct Object Pronouns ‘Using Indirect Object Pronouns in sentences Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns together Pronouns in Negative Sentences “The Car ‘Sentences with Important Words nd Concepts More Sentences with Important Words and Concepts Printed MexicoLesson 40 - Lezione 40 TYPICAL REGULAR VERBS WITH “IRE” ENDINGS (PRESENT TENSE) VERBI REGOLARI TERMINANTI IN “IRE”, PRESENTE INDICATIVO. to depart / to leave on a trip . partite eave tomorrow. /1’m Jeaving tomorrow. [fo] parto domani [Tu] parti a mezzogiomo, vero? ‘Lei parte prima di me. ‘Lui parte con Ia sua ragazza Lei parte col suo ragazzo. ‘La nave parte alle cingue del pomeriggio. ‘You leave at noon, don’t you? (Familiar) You leave before me, (Polite) c He is leaving with his girlfriend She is leaving with her boyfriend. The ship leaves at 5 p.m. We are leaving very soon. / ‘We are leaving within alte bit .-~{Noi]partiamo fia poco. ‘Are you leaving on the same train? (Plural familia)....-[ Voi) partite con lo stesso teno? They ae leaving tox. {Loto} partono insieme “all eat” To conjugate regular verbs with “ire” endings inthe present tense, simply drop the “ire” and attach the appropriate ‘ending as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun and are a: follows: SUBJECT ENDING. io panto) tu pani) 1 2 ui, lei, Lei parte) noi partiamo) voi partite) loro, Loro part(ono) ‘As you can see from these examples, “I am leaving” and “I leave" can both be translated to “To parto.” Italian also uses a more complex form called the present progressive tense (o express action happening now. For example, "I am leaving.” can be translated to “To sto partendo.” This more complex form uses appropriate conjugation of the verb "stare” (“to stay” or “to be”) plus the gerund of the verb being used. Using the present tense (present indicative) as shown in the examples in this lesson does not express “action happening now” as precisely, but it will ‘work fine in most situations ‘As was pointed out in earlier lessons, subject pronouns are often not used in sentences. This is because the subject is usually understood by the conjugation of the verb which is used and the context of the conversation. For ‘example, the subject pronouns “io”, “tu”, “noi” and "voi" are rarely used because it’s almost always: ‘determine who the subject is by looking at the ending of the verb. However, since “lui”, “lei” and “Let” all use the same conjugation, itis frequently necessary to use one of these pronouns to determine who the subject is. In this text, optional subject pronouns which are not heard on the tape are sometimes shown in brackets. Subject pronouns are used a little more frequently on this cassette program than one might hear in spoken Italian. This is done 10 ‘make it easier forthe student 1 recognize the vatious conjugation. LESSON 41 - LEZIONE 41 IRREGULAR “IRE” VERBS WHICH USE “ISC” ENDINGS (PRESENT TENSE) - YERBI IRREGOLARI TERMINANTI IN “IRE” CON “ISC” (PRESENTE INDICATIVO) tofinish / 0 end finire1 am finishing this book. /1 finish this book. Are you ending your work? .... He is finishing his soup. / He finishes his soup. She is finishing today. / She finishes today. We are finishing tomorrow... ‘Are you finishing lat? (Plural familiar) ‘They ate finishing on time. / They finish on time. The tourists are finishing their tip. to understand. understand. — Do you understand what he's saying? / Do you understand that which he say? Familia) He understands. We understand, ‘Do you understand? (Piural) ‘They understand. Ho] finisco questo libro, {Tu} finisci il tuo lavoro? {Lai} finisce la sua minestra {ei fnisse ope {Noi nism dom Voi) finite inritardo? (Loc) finiscone intempo. Iris fniscono i foe viseio. capire [10] capisco. {Tu} capisci quello che dice? (Lui capisce. (Noi) capiamo. {Voi} capite? {Lore} capiscono. Some “ire” verbs (irregular) insert an “isc” in front of some of their endings. There is no really good way to predict which verbs might do this. The pattern for conjugating these verbs is shown in the examples above and below. To ‘conjugate these verbs in the present tense, simply drop the “ie” and attach the appropriate endings as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun and are as follows: LESSON 42 - LEZIONE 42 SUBJECT ENDING io finfisc\(o) w finfise]() Jui, le, Lei finfise\e) noi finiamo) voi finite) loro, Loro FinfiseKono) THE VERBS “TO LIVE” AND “TO RI tolive to reside /to inhabit. Hive, Live in'a big house. You reside in Mexico, (Polite) You live in Spain. (Familiar) He lives alone. She lives with her parents Wee live in a small town, You live inthe city. (Plural) They live in Venice ‘They live with their husbands John and Eva live together, My cat lives in my house. Do you live in an apartment? ‘Does she live in France? (Familiar or Polite) .. Tam alive, DE - I VERBI “VIVER! E“ABITARE” abitare “To vivo. Abo inna cosa gran Tu) abiti in Spagna, / Vivi in Spagna, Lui vive solo. Lei vive con i suoi genitor {Noi} abitiamo in una citta piceola. Voi abitate in cit Lore abitano a Venezia. {Loto} abitano con i loro marti ‘Giovanni ed Eva vivono insieme. Tl mio gatto vive in casa mia, Abiti in un appartamento? ‘Lei abita in Francia? To sone vivo,‘As you can see from these examples, “vivere” and “abitare” are often interchangeable, but not always, LESSON 43 - LEZIONE 43 TYPICAL REGULAR VERBS WITH “ARE” ENDINGS (FUTURE TENSE) ~ VERBI REGOLARI TERMINANTI IN “ARE” (FUTURO INDICATIVO) 1 will speak with my family. {1o] parkerd con i mici Will you speak with your mother? (Familiar). Parlerai con tua madre? Will you speak to your father? (Polite) atlera a suo padre? She will speak with her sister. {Leil parler con sua sorella, He will speak with his daughter. {Lui] parlera con sua figha. We will speak to aur son, 'Noil parleremo a nostro figlio. Will you speak with your brother? (Plural) {Voil patlerete con vostro fratello? They will speak with their female teacher {Loro] parleranno con la loro insegnante. John will talk to the waiter. — Giovanni parlera al cameriere The boys will talk to their teachers, CII 1 ragazri parleranno ai loro insegnanti In Halian there are three forms of regular verbs. These regular verbs have either “are”, “ere”, or “ire” endings in the infinitive form. (The infinitive is the form marked by “to” in English such as: to go: to look; to run; to buy; to tc.) To conjugate regular verbs with “are” endings inthe simple future tense (futuro indicative), drop the final “e from the infinitive form, change the "a" to “e" and attach the appropriate ending as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun and are as follows infinitive = parlare SUBIECT ENDING io parle’) w parler(ai) Tui, Ie, Lei parler(a) noi parlerfemo) voi parlertete) loro, Loro parlertanno) Irregular verbs follow different spelling rules and must be learned individually ‘The simple future tense i used to express the idea of “I will..." oF “Lam going to." In Htalian, when referring to one’s parents (or family meaning parents"), instead of saying “I miei genitori" (my parents), Italians simply say “i miei” LESSON 44 - LEZIONE 44 TYPICAL REGULAR VERBS WITH “ERE” ENDINGS (FUTUR) VERBI REGOLARI TERMINANTI IN “ERE” (FUTURO INDICATIVO) Iwill sell my house... [lo] vender’ la mia casa Il you sell your car? (Familias) [Tu] venderai la ua macchina? Wil you sell your tickets? (Polite). [Lei] vendera i Suoi biglieti? He will sell everything. ‘Lui vender tutto. She will sell his boat, 1.2.00. Lei sua barca, We will sell our old car. [Noi] venderemo la nostra vecchia macchina.[Voi] venderete i vosti libri? “[Loro] venderanno dei traveler's cheques. Will you sell your books? (Plural) ‘They will sell some traveler's checks. ate arog sae ear a) To conjugate regular verbs with “ere” endings in the future tense, simply drop the “e” from the end of the infinitive form and attach the appropriate ending as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun and are as follows: infinitive = vendere ‘SUBJECT ENDING jo vender(®) tw vender(ai) ui, lei, Lei vender(a) noi ‘venderfemo) voi vender(ete) loro, Loro vender(anno) LESSON 45 - LEZIONE 45 TYPICAL REGULAR VERBS WITH “IRE” ENDINGS (FUTURE TENSE) - VERBI REGOLARI TERMINANTI IN “IRE” (FUTURO INDICATIVO) 1 will leave soon. -(To] partir presto ‘Will you leave by train? (Familia). {Te} partial in treno? He will leave on the next plane. / He will eave with the next plane. so {Lai} partra col prossimo aereo. She will eave within a month. [Lei partir entro un mese. We willleave together. {Noll partizemo iasieme. Will you leave with your wives? (Plural) They will leave for Switzerland in two weeks. col = “con” + “il” = “with the” To conjugate regular verbs with “ire” endings in the future tense, drop the “E” from the infinitive form and attach the appropriate ending as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun and are as follows: infinitive = partire {[Voi) partitete con le vostre mogli? {Loro} partiranno per la Svizzera fra due settimane. SUBIECT ENDING io partir(®) w patir(ai) Tui, tei, Lei ——_partx€) noi partis{emo) ve partir(ete) loro, Loro partranno) LESSON 46 — LEZIONE 46 SPEAKING WITH THE INFINITIVE OF A VERB - USO DEI VERBI ALL’INFINITO want to buy a truck. = -{lo] voglio comprare un camioncino. I would like to leave this evening, ss..-.... {lo} vorrei patire stasera 1 would like 10 go there. can pay the bill lo] vorrei andare 0. {lo} posso pagare il conto.‘Tonight I have to sleep. Do you want to stay here? You can sar now. / You may sar now Can you He would Te ey co speak Spanish She must gent a car. He has to finish this moming ‘We must travel to Paris. / We must go to Pars Do you want to live in town? They want to study English. They can sell their house. This lesson shows some ways of using the inf Stasera [io] devo dormire Vuoi stare qui? [Tu] puoi cominciare ora uoi parlargli? [Lei) vorrebbe imparare a parlare spagnolo. {Lei} deve noleggiare una macchina, {Lui deve terminate stamattina {Noi} dobbiamo andare a Parigt. ‘Vuoi vivere in cit (tu)? {Loro] vogliono studiare I'inglese. {Loto} possono vendere la loro casa. ive. The infinitive is not usually used alone, but in conjunction with another verb, and is simply another vocabulary word used the same way as in English, “parlare” + “gli” = “to speak” + "to him”; The indirect object pronoun “gli” attaches tothe infinitive LESSON 47 - LEZIONE 47 SPEAKING IN THE PAST TENSE (PASSATO PROSSIMO) ~ USO DEL PASSATO PROSSIMO tobuy bought the book. / I have bought the book. Yesterday you bought your car. (Familiar). You bought a gift for you sister. (Familiar) Last week he bought a ear She bought an inexpensive gif at the store. =. ‘The man bought a watch. / The man has bought a watch We bought our luggage atthe store You bought his clothes in Florence. Plural) You boughi something for my mother. (Plural) ‘They Bought things for their friends. You paid forthe breakfast. (Familiar) You paid the bill. (Plural) He rented the room. / He has rented the room. We studied Spanish. / We have tuted Spanish. You cut the bread. (Familiar) They spoke withthe children. = We finished our dinners. / We have finished dining You looked for your sister at home. (Familiar) He closed the door... ‘They took the airplane to London “withthe” ‘The past tense in lalian as shown in these examples is called the “passato prossimo.” comprare {lo} ho comprato it libro. Teri [tu] hai comprato Ta tua macchina 10 {Tu} hai comprato un regalo per tua sorella, ‘La scorsa settimana [lui] ha comprato una macchina, [Lei] ha comprato un regalo a buon mercato al negozio. [L'uomo ha comprato un orologio. [Noi] abbiamo comprato le nostre valigie al negozio. [Voi] avete comprato i suoi vestiti a Firenze, [Voi] avete comprato qualcosa per mia madre. -[Loroj hanno comprato cose peri loro amici. "Tu hai pagato per la colazione. Voi aveic pagato il cont. ‘Lui ha affittato la stanza. Noi abbiame studiato spagnolo. ‘Tu haiLtagliate il pane. -{Loro} hanno parlato coi bambini. {Noi] abbiame finito di cenare. (Tu) hai sereate twa sorella a casa, {Lui ha chiuso ia porta {Loro] hanno ptesoI'aereo per Londra This tense corresponds most closely to the English “present perfect” tense where we say, “I have bought.” or “I have finished.” etc. Itis also frequent prossimo” allows you to express a past action that has fin ‘equivalent to the English past tense where we say, “I bought.” or “I finished.” ete. The “passato hed. (ie, The action is over and ended.) The “passato prossimo” is formed by using the present tense form of a verb “avere” (to have), or in some cases the verb “essere”(to be), followed by the past participle of the verb being used. (In English the past participle is the form of the verb which follows “have”: have seen; have eaten; have watched; have read; have bought; have opened; etc.) To form the past participles of regular verbs, the “are”, “ere”, or “ite” ending is dropped and replaces a follows: ‘The past participles of regular “are” verbs end in “ato”. ‘The past participle of regular “ere” verbs end in “ut ‘The past participles of regular “ire” verbs end in “it LESSON 48 — LEZIONE 48 SPEAKING IN THE PAST TENSE (PASSATO PROSSIMO) ~ USO DEL PASSATO PROSSIMO tosell sold my car. . Fi ‘You sold your tickets. (Familiar) You sold your tickets. (Polite) He sold their house. We sold our house. You sold your house. (Plural) ‘You sold our tickets. (Plural) They sold my things. I ived in Mexico two years. You lived in Spain last year didn’t you? (Familiar) id you live alone last year? (Polite) red a good life. / He has made a good life. He We lived together for five years. Did you live in that house on the corner? (Plural) How long did you guys live atthe beach? / How long did you live atthe sea? (Plural) ost my credit card. T have lost my credit card Did you sleep well? (Familiar) You said it. (L. You it have said) He did it. You did it. I leamed Spanish inthe United States, He understood your English Did you see my brother? She saw the train, ‘They drank their drinks. ‘You did something. / You made something We opened the gift. He wanted to buy a ticket. “all'angolo” ="a" + ‘The masculine article “Io + “angolo’ --(Tu] hai. venduto itu vendere ol ho venduto la mia machina, biclett Lei ha venduto i Suoi biglet Lui) ha venduto la loro casa, [Noi abbiamo venduto la nostra casa, [Voi avete venduto la vostra casa. [Voil avete venduto i nostri bigliett [Loro] hanno venduto ka mia roba. Ho] ho vssuto due anni in Messico. [Tu] hai vissuto in Spagna lo scarso anno. vero? Liha vissuto da solo I'anno scorso? Lui ha fatto una bella vita. {Noi] abbiamo vissuto assieme per cinque anni [Voi] avete abitato in quella casa all’angolo? Per quanto tempo [voi] avete vissuto al mare? Ho perso la carta di credit. --{Tu} hai dormito bene? (Tu) "hat deto, [Lui) Ina fato. [Tul I"hai fatto. {lo] ho imparato lo spagnoto nepli Stati Unit [Lui] ba capitol two inglese. {Tu] hai visto mo fratello? Let ha visto il eno. {Loro} hanno bevut e foro bibie (Tul hai fatto qualeosa [Not] abbiamo aperto il regalo. {Lail ha voluto comprare un biglito the comer” or “at the comer” s used in front of masculine nouns beginning with vowels or withthe consonants “x 2” or “impure s". A word that begins with an “impure s” starts with an “s” followed by a consonant, Example: “lo stagno” (the pond), “lo scudo” (the shield), etc. The article “Io” is also used in front of words beginning with “gn aaaLESSON 49 — LEZIO! 49 PASSATO PROSSIMO WITH VERBS THAT USE “ESSERE” ~ PASSATO PROSSIMO CON AUSILIARE “ESSERE” ‘Yesterday I went to the bakery. (Masculine) id you go there by boat? (Masculine) Last week he went to England. Last week she went to Japan. Two years ago we went to France. (Masculine) iid you go there by plane? (Plural, Masculine)... Five months ago they went to Germany. (Masculine) Ter io] sono andato dal fornaio. [Tu] sei andato in nave? La corsa setimana lui &andato in Inghilterra La scorsa settimana lei &andata in Giappone ‘Due anai fa (noi) siamo anda in Francia [Voil siete andai in aere0? Sei mesi fa [loro] sono anda in Germania, Larived a five o'clock. (Feminine) ‘We arved at 6:20 in he evening. (Masculine) He arived in Switzerland before you Teft my house about noon (Masculine) You departed at midnight. (Masculine) You peopl pa at midnight. Masculine) He left Milan after me. es [lo] sono arrivata alle cinque [Noi] siamo arrivat alle sei e venti i sera, [Lui @arivato in Svizzera prima di te. {To sono partite da casa mia & mezzogiomo circa (Tu) sei panto a mezzanote [Voi] sicte paris a mezzanotte [Lui] & pantito da Milano dopo di me. They left by plane. (Masculine) Lore} sono pani in aereo. arrived last month. (Masculine) [Io] sono arrivato il mese scorso, Yesterday he came to my store. They came to my house last night. (Feminine) She traveled to the United States. / ‘She went to the United States, Teri [lui] & venuto al mio negozio. [Loro} sono venute a casa mia ieri sera Lei &andata negli Stati Unit in the” oF “to the” (“i" changes to “gli” before “s” oF “2") ‘The verbs shown in this lesson are conjugated with the verb “essere” (10 be) as opposed to the last two lessons. which showed examples of verbs conjugated with the verb (to have). Most verbs are conjugated with “avere” in the “passato prossimo”, but a few, as shown by these examples, use “essere”. Most verbs which use “essere” are intransitive verbs of motion, (Intransitive verbs do not transfer their action to something.) ‘The following verbs also use “essere” when forming the “passato prossimo”: "venire” (to come), “andare” (to g0), “arrivare” (0 arrive), “parte” (10 leave or depart), “tornare” ((o return), “entrare” (Qo enter), “uscite” (10 go out), “cadere” (Wo fall), “nascere” (to be born), "morire” (to die). Notice that when verbs are conjugated with “essere” inthe “passato prossimo”, the past participle agrees with the gender and number of the subject of the sentence. For example, the past participle “andato” (masculine, singular) ‘becomes “andata” if the subject is feminine and “andati ifthe subject is plural masculine, of “andate” ifthe subject is plural feminine. For plural subjects with mixed genders, use the plural masculine form of the past participle (andati. LESSON 50 - LEZIONE 50 INFINITIVE VERB FORMS - VERBI ALL'INFINITO {0 stay /to stand / to be located /t0 be. : stare ‘We want to answer. z [Noi vogliamo rispondere, to be bor inascere don’t want to forget. {lo non vogtio dimenticare. He wants eam much money. {Lal voke guagnars ml sl He wants fo win mole vinceretog off to go down to goup/toclimb . tomove You mest un. / You hve tan: Fair to walk... She cannot walk, She wants to touch. ‘You must give... (Plural)... They must give back. to visit someone to visita place to put /t0 put on He can return. (to a place] {0 ignite /to light up /to wm on tocextinguish /to tum off to smell /to feel /to sense / to hear. Would you like to-receive a gift? (Fa We would like to swim. to go in to enter: toknow /t be acquainted with He must die. Do not fall ‘You must become strong. (Familiar) You need to sleep. (Familiar) He must follow this road. ‘We need to-dream- to return He wants fo pass. to spend time Inmay seem difficult. touse ‘You people must ty. to remove / to take away Toowe some money... ‘Would you people lke to pay back? He wants to goby. seendere sale “spostare / traslocare [Tu] devi comere ‘Lei non pud camminare. [Lei] vuole toceare ‘Voi dovete dare. Lore devono resituire “far visita a ‘Lui pud ritomnare. “accendere spegnere tire orrestiricevere un regalo? [Noi] vorremmo nuotare: cenrare Lui deve morire. Non cadere. [Tu] devi diventare forte [Tu] hai bisogno di dormite. -{Lui] deve seguire questa strada 18 {Noi] abbiamo bisogno di sognare. sientrare /ritomare ‘Lui vuole passare. .Puo sembrare difficile. usare /utilizzare “Noi dovete tentare hogliere ‘Dovere dei soldi {Voi} vorreste rimborsare? ‘La banca vuole fare presi, [Loro] Hanno bisogno di prendere in presto. LESSON 51 - LEZIONE 51 The bank wants to lend money They need to borrow. MORE INFINITIVE! ‘When do you want to begin? (Familiar) They need to go out We want to hear ‘They must listen want to keep this. want to live along time. ‘They have to live in an apartment, Can they look? - ALTRI VERBI ALL'INFINITO .-{Ta] quando vuoi cominciare? “[Loro} hanno bisogno di uscite Noi] vogliamo sentir. “{Loro] devono ascolare {To] vorlio teneze questo. lo] voglio vivre a lung 170] devono abitare in un apartament {Loro] possone guardare?Can they get? / Can they obtain? Tean’t send this gift. You can’t take the bus. (Familiar) He can’t accept credit cards. We can’t read. You can’t prepate the dinner. (Polite). ‘They can’t play. must think about my brother. to wait /t0 wait for to-accompany / to escort She wants to show [to] her boyfriend. to fix /to repair to check toprefer We have to wash the windows, You have to carry the books. (Familiar) ‘You must bring your tickets. (Polite) Jim wants to- mest [rendezvous with] Paul at the bank. (Plural). don’t want to spend a tot of money. must find my friend. Can you take a photo? / Can you make a phot (Polite) to shop / to buy groceries “alla” =a" + "1a" = "to the” or “atthe” {Noi} dobbiamo lavare le [Loro] possono ottenere? [Ho] non posso spedite questo regalo [Tu] non puoi prendere I'autobus. ‘Lui non pud accettare carte di credito, [Noi] non possiamo leggere. [Lei] non pud preparare la cena, ‘Loro non possono giocare [lo] devo pensare a mio fratello. aspettare ‘accompagnere Lei vuole mostrare al suo fidanzato, riparare ccontrollare /verificare preferine nestre Tu] devi portare i libri. Lei deve portare i Suoi biglicti ‘Giacomo vuole incontrare Paolo alla banca. {lo} non voglio spendere molti soldi [lo] devo trovare il mio amico. [Tu] puo fare una fotogralia? fare la spese ” LESSON 52 ~- LEZIONE 52 THE TELEPHONE - IL TELEFONO call ‘Thereis a telephone call for you Excuse me sir, is there a telephone near here? Yes, there isa telephone on the first floor. Do you have any messages for me? (Polite) I want to leave a message for my friend. He would like to buy some tokens forthe tl iphone would like to-make a telephone call, May Tse your telephone? (Polite) Can you help me? (Polite) [want to telephone [to] my wite Can you call this number, please? (Polite) Hello. ...... I would like ta speak to Michael ‘Ask Jean to-call me back ‘At what time does he return? What is the telephone number? ‘una telefonata / una chiamata ‘C’2 una telefonata per te ‘Mi scusi signore, ¢"8 un telefono qui vicino? cB un al primo piano ‘Ha dei messaggi per me? ‘Voglio lasciare un messaggio peril mio amico. ‘Vorrebbe comprare dei gettoni per il telefono, ‘Vorre fate una telefonata, Posso usare il Suo telefono? Pub aiutarmi? --- Voglio telefonare a mia mogtie. Puo chiamare questo numero, per Favore? Pronto. ‘Vorrei parlare con Michele, Rimanga in linea! chiedere / domandare CChiedi @ Gianna di chiamarmi. Chiedi a Gianna di richiamarm A che ora ritoma? ‘Qual’é il numero di telefono?LESSON 53 - LEZIONE 53 PRACTICE WITH THE PAST TENSE - PRATICA CON IL PASSATO PROSSIMO Hate /Uhave sate. Hae you met someone? /” ‘Have you known someone? (Familiar) ‘He knew the answer. / He was able to answer. Did you speak to him? ‘Did he understand? We viaic several leitrs We went to the muscum. (Masculine) You people closed the store. . You people arrived carly (Masculine) They let at midnight. (Masculine) They leftatip. ‘They loft something a my hou He stole my backpack, 1 stopped the eae a the comer You have loved your wife ( Where did you guys ese” Where ditshe lve? Liked the lunch That cast a ot Masculine) Have we fniscd? 2 ‘They have almos finished We have almost finished, He was able to leave, eee He had to buy some meat. He needed an encyclopedia. / He has had nel of an encyclopedia, 1 meant something ese She repeated that word, ‘They answered to the questions You were bor 20 years ago. (Familia. Masui) Did you forger? (Familiar) Did you cam some money’? : He went downstairs. / He went down Tlimbed. /T went up, (Masculine) Iemoved. He moved. Weran as far a the store We walt. / We man by foc (Masculine) 1 walked to the {youth] hostel. ‘They touched the baby. You gave some money to your employee. (Familiar) She gave back the box. went to the tourist office. (Masculine) You xistied your parents, Polite) | visited the old tov, . = -Noi abbiame qust --Lui épotute parte, Ho mangiato Hl conosciuto qualeuno? Lui ha saputo rispondere. Hai parlato eon Tui? Ha capita? [Noi] abbiamo serito diverse letter {Noi} siamo andati al museo. [Voi] avete chiuso il negozio, ‘Voi siete arrival presto. [Lovo] sono parti a mezzanotte. ‘Manne lasciato una mancia. ‘Hanno lasciato quaicosa a cava mia, Ha tubate il mio zaino. "Ho fermato ta machina all’angolo, ‘Hai amato wa moglie. Dove avete abitato? [Dove ha vissuto? / Dove ha abitato? ‘Ho gratito i pranzo, E-costato molto, --Abbiamo finite? [Loro] hanno quasi finito. Lui ha dovuto comprare dela came. Lui ha.avuto bisogno di un'enciclopedia. Jo ho inteso qualcos'altro. Lei ha ripetuto quella parol, LLoro hanno risposi alle domande. “Tu seni ven ann fa ‘Hai dimenticato Hai guaslagnato sl? Lui sesso ‘lo sono salto. Siamo-corsi fino al negozio, ‘Noi siamo andati a pied. “He camminate fino all’estelo [detla gioventi). ‘Hanne toccato il bambino. “Tu hai dato dei soldi al to dipendente -~-Lel ha restituito la scatola, ‘Sono andato all"ulficio turistico. Ha fatto visita ai Suoi genitor Ho visitato la citta vecchia,‘Did he put the information on the table? Ha messo le informazioni sul volo? Where did he put the information? s9 le informacioni? 1 retumed last month. (Masculine) He retumed to Rome. E ritomato a Roma, He twmed on the television, ss0 la televisione, ‘We tumed off the lights al 'spento le Luci, ‘The cake Ia torta Did you smell [the perfume of] the cake? Hai sentto il profumo della torta? Did they Hanno ricevuto posta? TLowam in the ocean. / Ihave swum in the ocean, Ho nuotato nelloceano. She entered [into] the building He died yesterday. Did you Tall down the stairease? (Familiar, Masculine) The “passat prossimo” is formed by nitiary verb conjugated in the present tense followed by the past participle of the verb being used. (Every verb has one past participle. In English the past participle is the form of the verb which follows “have” as in “ave eaten”. “have known”, “have understood!” etc.) Most past participles use the auxiliary “avere", however some past participles (mostly verbs of motion) use “essere”. This lesson along with the next lesson show the past participles of the most common Italian verbs along with their associated avxiliary verbs. ‘The “passato prossimo” is equivalent to three forms in English. For example, "Ho mangiato” can be translated as “I have eaten”. “ate”, or “I did eat” 21 Remember that past participles which are conjugated with “essere” must agree with the subject in gender and rhumber. For example, the past participle “nato” (from “mascere™ which means “to be born”) is masculine (maschile) but changes to “nata” ifthe subject is feminine (femminile) or “nati” ifthe subject is masculine plural (maschile plurale) or has mixed genders and “nate” i its feminine plural (Ferminile plurale) Notice that some of the past participles inthis lesson are irregular. These verbs do not follow the same rules of spelling that regular verbs do for Forming past participles. Their past participles must be learned individually LE! MORE PAST PART They became teachers, (Masculine) ig you follow the car? (Plural) SSON 54 - LEZIONE 54 |CIPLES ~ ANCORA PARTICIPIO PASS vet gui a macchine? ATO dreamt about a trip. Hanno sognato wn viaggio. She went home. FE andata a casa T spent some time at home. Ho trascorso del tempo a casa, | went by the post office. / passed in front of the post offiee. (Masculine). Sono passato davant all’ ufficio postale, [ spent some money Ho speso det sol ‘That seemed easy, FE sembrato facile He used a computer... ve Ha usato un computer. We used the procuct Abbiamo usato il prodott. ‘What did she say? «2 ‘Che cost ha deto? Did you try one more time? (Familiar). Hai provato ancora una volta? She took sway a pillow. / She removed pillow [Lei ha tol un cuscino.Did they pay back the money? Tent some money to my male cousin My female cousin borrowed some moncy When did they begin? My grandfather returned toda. My grandmother went ou lastnight My uncle heard the television. My aunt listened tothe people. We kept the blanket. Did you look at the chair? Familiar / Piura) T got another ticket / { abiained another fone more} ticket. | asked for another [ferent] fork Did you send the package? (Plural) They acccepted my check She read the tourist information. We pare the sage forthe pr. ‘They played together. He played the piano. He thought about you T waited forthe bal Tipok your fiend to see the [theater] show. (Familiar) Did you repair the refrigerator? (Polite) Paul checked the ol. She preferred the small apariment We washed the car. We moved the furniture ‘They carried the suitcases. brought some ice He met his boss at the party Did you ask [to] your girlfriend? (Familiar) I elieved in the president. We felt the heat Have you shown the photo? (Polite) They stayed at his house. She worked for many years. | found some money. My trip was too short (My wi hasbeen {00 shor. [Hanno rimborsato il denaro? Ho presiato dei soldi a mio cugino. Mia cugina ha preso in prestita dei soldi. (Quando hanno incominciato? ogi ‘Mia via ha ascolt [Noi abbiaino Avete puanato la sedia? Ho oxtenuto un’altro biglietto, Ho chiesto un‘altra forchetta Awvete spedito il pacco? ‘Hanno gecetiaco il mio assexno, ‘Lei ha letta le informazioni turistiche. ‘Abbiamo preparato gli spaghetti per la fest Hanno giocato insieme [Ha suonato i pianoforte Lai ha pensato a te. Jo aspettato la pala, Ho portato il tuo amico a vedere lo spetacolo. Hai ripatate il frigoritero? Paolo ba-contsallata Iolo. [Lei ha preferto l'appartamento piccolo. 23 24 Abbiamo tavato la machina. ‘Abbiamo spostato il mobil Hanno porta le valigie. Ho portato del ghiaccio. Hs iT suo titolare alla festa, ‘Hai chiesto alla tua ragazza? Ho creduto nel presidente ‘Abbiamo sentito il caldo, ‘Ha mostrat la fotografia? ‘Sono rimasti a casa sua ‘Ha avorato per molt anni Ho travato dei soldi Il mio viaggio & stato troppo breve. (C°b stato un incendio la settimana scorsa LESSON 55 - LEZIONE 55 THE VERB “ESSERE”, IMPERFECT TENSE ~ IL VERBO “ESSERE” ALL’IMPERFETTO [Laas at the bus station, You were at my house. (Familiar) Were you atthe market yesterday? (Polite) {10} ero alta stazione dell” autobus. Tuer a casa mia, Era al mercato ieri?It was fast. / It used to be fas ‘She was wet. . It was dry. / It used to be dry. (Feminine) ‘We were busy. (Masculine) - We were busy. (Feminine) You people were late They wate lon. / They usedioe sone (Masculine). They were with their husbands He was very funny. They were very amusing Everybody was there. [L. There were al She was sad yesterday You were very strong when you were young. (Polite) The view was very beautiful ‘There was. ‘There were ‘There were several rains atthe station. ‘There was a [the] line of people a the post office. Was there anyone at the house? ‘There were a lot of people in town. ‘There was a park near the old hotel Era veloce. {Lei} era bagnata. Era asciuta (Noi exavamo occupat {Noi eravam oecupate (Vol eravate in ritardo, {Loro} rane soli. {Lore erang coi loro mart {Lull era molto buffo, {Lore} crang molto divertent (Ccrano tut (Cei] era triste ier [Lei] era molto forte quando era giovane. La vista era molto bella Cera ‘Cerano parecchi trent alla stazione. ‘Gera la fila all'ufficio postae. ‘Cera qualcuno a casa? ‘Cera molta gente in cit ‘Cera un parco vicino al veechio albergo. 25 26 “Geste” (people) in Italian isa singular noun and is therefore used with verbs in singular form, as in “C’era molta gente” (There was many people.) ‘The imperfect (imperfetto) tense is used to talk about something which “was happening”, “used to happen”, ot things which “were happening” (i.e. action or events which may not be completely finished, Examples are: “was, ‘were; was running; used to run; Was going; used to go; were buying; were taking; used to take;” et.) Its also used to talk about circumstances at a past moment or for the description of a scene. This is different from the "passato prossimo” which describes events which are over or finished. Examples of some of the same verbs in the “passato prossimo” tense are: “ran; went; bought; took”. ‘The verbs “essere” and “avere” are almost alway’ used in the “imperfetto” instead of in the “passato prossimo” when speaking about the past, (The “imperfetto” of “avere” is presented in the next lesson.) Therefore if you say “To avevo.” for “I had.” of “Io ero.” for “I was.”, you will be right 90% of the time. Verbs which have to do with thinking such as “volere” (to want), "sapere" (to know how), “credere” (to believe), “pensare" (to think), “sperare” (Go hope), “amare” (to love) and “detestare” (to hate or detest) also use the “imperfetto” most ofthe time. LESSON 56 — LEZIONE 56 THE VERB “AVERE”, IMPERFECT TENSE - IL VERBO “AVERE” ALL’IMPERFETTO. Thad a small house. /1 used to have a small house. [lo] avevo una casa piccola, ‘You were cold. / You were having cold. (Familiar) ......[Tu] avevi freddo. You used to have many guests, (Polite) sss Lei aveva molt ospiti ‘He was having a difficult problem. “He was having a big problem. . We had a big car. / We used to have a big car. ‘They had their tickets. /They were having their tickets. [Lui] aveva un grosso problema. [Noi] avevamo una macchina grande. --{Loro} avevana i loro biglitt.{gs somebody yesterday / Tashan etd of Sometody yesterday. lo] avx@bisapn di quale in ‘She was hungry lastnight. / She was having hunger yesterday evening. «.....v-v(Lei] aveva fame iri sera, LESSON 57 - LEZIONE 57 TYPICAL REGULAR VERB WITH “ARE” ENDING, IMPERFECT TENSE — VERBO REGOLARE TERMINANTE IN “ARE”, TEMPO IMPERFETTO Tuged to speals ‘Spanish. z .{lo] parlavo spagnolo. Were you speaking on the telephone? ami) [Tu] parlavi al telefono? You sexe speaking well. Polite) os.ccnnneen nnn) parva bene He was gang ois rend {Lai parlava a suo amc. We used to talk every day. [Noi] parlavameo tuti i giomi. You were talking too much. (Plural) [Voi] parlavate troppo. They were aking about the game. -[Loro} parlavano della partita. a" 2a" +i” In lalian there are three main groups of verbs. These groups have either “are”, “ere” or “ire” endings inthe infinitive form. (The infinitive) is the form marked by “to” in English such as: “to go”: buy"; “to sell”, etc.) To form the imperfect tense of “are” verbs, remove the “are” endings from the infinitive form of the verb and add the endings as shown above and below. Endings depend on the subject noun or pronoun and are as follows: For “parlare”, drop the “are” ending: a 8 SUBJECT ENDING io paclfavo) uw parlaviy tui, tei, Lei purtava) noi pari(avamo) voi parl(avate) Toro, Loro paritavano) LESSON 58 - LEZIONE 58 TYPICAL REGULAR VERB WITH “ERE” ENDING, IMPERFECT TENSE - VERBO REGOLARE TERMINANTE IN “ERE”, TEMPO IMPERFETTO Lsed to sell cars... Jo vendevo macchine. You were selling your car. (Familias) ‘Tu vendevi Ia tua macchina, You wcre selling books. (Polite) Lei vendeva libri. He was scling radios. Lui vendeva radio, We used to sell computers... . Noi vendevamo computer. ‘Were you selling everything? (Plural) Voi vendevate tutto? ‘They used to sell some clothes. ‘Loro vendevano dei vestt ‘The imperfect tense of regular “ere” verbs is formed by dropping the “ere” from the infinitive from of the verb and adding the appropriate ending.LESSON 59 - LEZIONE 59 For “Vendere” drop the “ere” ending: SUBIECT ENDING io vend(evo) uo vendievi) lui, lei, Lei vend(eva) noi vend(evamo) vo} vend(evate) loro, Loro vend(evano) TYPICAL REC SULAR VERB WITH “IRE” ENDING, IMPERFECT TENS! VERBO REGOLARE TERMINANTE IN “IRE”, TEMPO IMPERFETTO. used to finish early. ‘You used to finish at five o’clock. (Familiar) ‘She used to always finish on time. (Polite) He used to finish alone. ‘We were finishing in the evening You were finishing your homework on time. (Piural) ‘They used to finish together Jo finive presto Tu le cinque, ‘Lei finiva sempre in tempo, Lui finiva da solo. ‘Noi finivamo di sera Voi finivate i vostri compiti in orario. [Lore finivano insieme. ‘The imperfect tense of regular “ie” verbs i formed by dropping the “ire” from the infinitive form of the verb and adding the appropriate ending. For “Finite”, drop the “ire” ending; JBJECT ING io fin(ivo) u finivi ui, lei Lei fintiva) noi fingivamo) voi nivatey oto, Loro fin(ivano) 2» 30 LESSON 60 - LEZIONE 60 SOME COMMON VERBS IN THE IMPERFECT TENS! IMUNE NEL VERBI DI USO I wanted breakfast. / I was wanting breakfast He wanted to sell his house. / He was wanting to sell his house. ‘We wore wanting to buy something. Twas having breakfast with my wife./ Twas doing breakfast with my wife 1 was eating lunch at home. He was buying a ticket ‘The train was always leaving late EMPO IMPERFE! Volevo la colazione. TO Voleva vendere la sua casa Volevamo comprare qualeosa, Faceve colazione con mia moglie. ranzavo a casa, nprava un biglietto, M treno pantiva sempre in ritardo,sre looking fora gift... You were closing the door at night. ‘They were renting a house studying Italian as learning German. ‘The weather was cold, / It was making cold Were you doing something / Were you making something? (Polite) ‘They wanted 1 ive alone We wanted to buy some ice cream. Cereavamo un regalo ‘Tu chiudevi la porta di nowe, ‘Affitavano una casa ‘Studiavano italiano, Lei imparavail tedesco. [Eaceva freddo, ‘aceva qualcosa? ‘Wolevano vivere da soli Volevamo comprare del gelato, LESSON 61 - LEZIONE 61 SOME IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ~ I's. a short distance from here. 10's not far from here Tum on the light, please Tumoff the light. ‘Anyone can buy a car Can one enter? ‘One can’t go there. You go th Do you go there often? (Familiar) No, never. He is going there right away. They ate going hee together. | need to think. I need to think about it Is this correct? ‘This is not correct. ‘You are right. /[L. You have reason | He is wrong. /[L. He has wrong. 1's the right address, “This isnot the ight road. This is the wrong road. Whose glass is this? / Of whom is this wlass? It Tooks like this but it’s bigger. ‘They wanta glass of water ook at him. / Loak at it, (Masculine) This isan old buildin She isan old woman, He isan old man, She is a young lady There's my new car! Have you scen my new track? (Polite) ‘They bought some new clothes. Everything is brand new. / IL: t's everything brand new] ‘ONCETTI IMPORTANTI E un uomo alte Ea breve distanca da qui Non é lantano da qui Accendi la luce, pe favor Spegni fa luce ‘Chingue pud comprare una macchina Si pud entrare? Nom si pud andare Ba Vai la. Gi vai spesso? No, mat 31 2 [Lui] ci va subito. {Loro} ci vanno insieme, Ho bisogno di pensare, Ho bisogno di pensarci E cometto? [Non é corrett, Hai ragio fa torte LE Finditizzo giusto, ‘Questa non é la sirada giusta, ‘Questa é Ia strada sbagliata Di chi & questo bicchiere? ‘Assomiglia a questo ma pid grande. Vogliono un bicchiere d'acqua, ‘Guardalo. ‘Questo ¢ un edificio veechio. una donna anziana, Eun womo anziano, E una signorina giovar Ecco la mia macchina nuova! Ha visto il mio camioncino nuova? Hanno comprato dei vestiti nuovi‘The word “ci has several uses. In this lesson it’s used as an adverb of location, for example “Ci vado.” (I go there.) Iti also used in this lesson as a demonstrative pronoun, where its attached to the infinitive, fore imple “Ho bisogno di pensarci.” (I need to think about it.) The word “ci” also has many other uses which are not covered in this lesson, ‘This lesson and the next one are designed to demonstrate word order and to show how the Italian language handles some basic ideas and concepts such as “old and new”, “young and old”, “right and wrong”, “correct and incorrect and a few other things that people need to know to function in everyday situations. LESSON 62 - LEZIONE 62 MORE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ~ ALTRI CONCETTI IMPORTANTI fen does the bus come by. / With what frequency does the bus pss? How ofien does the bus leave for the town? Every twenty minutes Tam seated Tam standing T want to stat the table. / T want to seat myself at able | want to stand inthe comer. Sitdown, please (Familiar) Stand up please! Familiar). the ground floor In Italy, the frst floor is above the ground flor. ‘The ground floor is below the first floor. {doit like the rain, Iris raining. Is still raining? the sun, Itis going to be sunny. / The sun will come out to go fora walk / to.make a promenade took a ride inthe car. / Lmade a tour in the ea. ‘What a pretty young git! an ugly building, isa book about Italy. / This is a book on Italy. ‘We want to find something cheaper. kilogram a ve me two kilograms of them, please. Bring me some stamps, please. Con che frequenza passa Pautobus? ‘Con che frequenza parte lautobus per Ia citta? Ogni venti minut. Sono seduto. [Mase.] / Sono seduta, (Fem.] Sono in pied Voglio sedermi a tavola Voglio stare in piedineli'angoto ‘Siedii, per favoret ‘Alzati, per favore! il piano terra In Italia il primo piano & sopra il piano terra 3 uM 11 piano terra sot. il primo piano. [Non mi piace la piogyia Piove. ove ancora? ilsole Uscird il sole, tuna passeegiata ‘Ho fatto un giro in macchina, ‘Che bella ragazza! ‘Quello & un brutto edifice. ‘Questo & un libro sul Teal, Vogliamo trovare qualcosa pili a buon mereato. un chlo ‘Dammene due chili, per favore. ortami dei francobolli, per favore. ‘The word “ne” (of them) is sometimes attached to the end of the imperative form ofa verb. Note the above example “dammene” which means “give me...of them”. Its used when the object being referred to is understood, LESSON 63 - LEZIONE 63 USEFUL SIN 1am paying for the drinks. sink coffee, LAR VERB FORMS IN SI USO DI VERBI IN PERSONA SINGOLARE, TE! ‘TENCES, PRESENT TEN! 1o pago le bevande. Bewe c1 am taking the airplane Take sugar in my coffe 1am sleeping in the room, 1am doing the laundry. 1am making a cup of coffe. I live in Rome. Tamariving about noon ‘Ate you paving the [hte bill? (Familia. ‘What arc you looking for? (Familiar) Do you drink [some] fruit juice? (Familiar) ‘You are taking your suitcase, aren't you? (Familiar) ‘You are bringing the children, aren't you? (Familiar) You are not sleeping wel. (Familiar What are you doing? (Familie) ‘Where do you live? (Familiar) My father Is paying forthe ip ajob He is lacking fra job. He is taokng for work She drinks a tot ‘One takes [the] bux umber five to [fr] the beach, She sleeps inthe bedroom He is preparing tea My brother lives in Spain What is he doing? / What are you doing? (Polite) “nel Spetta” = “in” +1 ‘The present tense in Italian can be translated as “I buy”, “I do buy”, 0 Prenda l'acreo. renda 2ucchero nel mio caffe Dormo nella camer, Faveio il bucato, Faceio una tazza di caffe Abito a Roma, lerso mezzogiomo, aghi il eonto? ‘Che cosa cexchi? ‘Bevi del suceo di frutta? Prendi la valigia, vero? ort i bambini, vero? ‘Non dormi bene. ‘Che cosa fai? Dove abiti? Mio padre paga il viaggio. tun lavoro / un impiego Lui cersa lavoro. Lei beve molto Si prende V'autobus numero cinque per la spiaggia. Lei dorme nella camera da lett. [Cui prepara ile Mio fratello vive in Spagna, ‘Che cosa fa? 35 lated into three English equivalents. For example “Io vendo” can be ‘Tam buying", depending on the situation LESSON 64 - LEZIONE 64 USEFUL PLURAL VERB FORMS IN SENTENCES, PRESENT TENSE - USO DI VERBI UTILI IN PERSONA PLURALE, TEMPO PRESENTE What are we doing? We are leaving by airplane. We are paying for your ticket, We pay in cash, We are looking forthe right road. We are drinking [some] fruit juice. We are drinking beer... We are bringing our luggage with us, ‘We are bringing our children with us We are sleeping at the hotel tonight. We are preparing dinner this evening. We live in London. We're buying a gift for cach child. ‘You people are leaving on the next train. ‘Are you people paying the restaurant bill? .. ‘Are you people looking for something? CChe cosa facciamo? artiamo in aereo. Paghiamo il tuo big Paghiama in contant ‘Cerchiamo la strada giusta, [Beviamo del sueco di fruta Beviamo birra Portiamo il bagaglio con noi. Portiamo i bambini con noi “Dormiamo all’albergo stasera, repariamo la a questa sera, --Abitiato a Londra, ‘Compriamo un regalo per ciascun bambino. utite col prossimo treno. agate il conto del ristorante? ‘Cercate qualcosa?You guys drink water ‘What are you people taking? You people are taking too much time. ‘Are you people sleeping in the bedroom? ‘What are you guys doing? ....... ‘What are they doing? ‘What are they taking? Can they see the clock from here? ‘They are leaving tomorrow. My parents pay for everything. ‘They are looking for their husbands. ‘They drink with ther friends. ‘They bring too many things. My friends sleep at my house sometimes ‘They are preparing lunch, ‘They live with our parents. Bevete acqua. ‘Che cosa prendete? impiegate troppo tempo. ‘Dommite nella camera da letto? ‘Che cosa fate? ‘Che cosa fanno? Che eosa préndono? ossono vedere l'orologio da qui? Parione domani. miei genitori pagano tuto, Cercano i loro mari Bevono coi loro amici. Portano troppa roba. ‘Tmiei amici dosmono a casa mia qualche volta. ‘Peeparano il pranzo. ‘Vivono coi nostri genitori LESSON 65 - LEZIONE 65 THE VERB ‘TO GO” IL VERBO ‘ANDARE’ ~ T.g0 to school... You go to Italy every year. Do you go to the store often? (Polite) He is going to work tomorrow. ‘She goes to the movie theatre e's go to the park. / We are going to the park. You go by car. (Plural) They goo the beach. / They are going tothe beach. Sareea" ei ~ PRESENT TENSE PRESENTE INDICATIVO Jo yado a scuola, 37 38 ‘Tu vai in alia ogni anno. ‘Va spesso al negorio? ‘Lut ya a lavorare domani, [Lei va al cinema. [Noi] andiamo al parco. ‘Voi andate in macchina, LLoro vanno alla spisggia. LESSON 66 - LEZIONE 66 USING DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS IN SENTENCES ~ USO DEI PRONOMI PERSONALI COME COMPLEMENTO OGGETTO ‘They want me, Mi vogtiono, ‘They want you. (Familiar) ‘Ti vogliono, ‘They want you. (Polite) ‘La vogtiono. ‘They want him. ‘Le vogliono, ‘They want her. [La vogtiono. ‘They want us, ‘Ci vogliono. ‘They want you people. ‘Vi vogliono. ‘They want them. (Feminine) ‘Le vogliono. ‘They want them. (Masculine or mixed) ‘Li vogliono. He wants the camera, --Wuole la machina fotografica He wants it. Feminine) “La vuole.He wants the mail ‘Wuole la eorrispondenza. / Vuole la posta. He wants it. (Masculine) ‘Lo vuole, Vi vogliamo, ihem. Li vozliamo. Do you want it? (Familiar, Feminine object) ‘A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun such as am”, Sher wwe" 'us", “they”, or “them”. A direct abject isthe thing that receives the detion of the verb. For example, in the sentence, “I bought a car.”, the noun “car” isthe direct objec. Inthe sentence, “I bought it”. the pronoun "it is the direct object pronoun, The direct object usually answers the question “What?” or “Whont?™. LESSON 67 - LEZIONE 67 MORE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ~ ALTRI PRONOMI PERSONAL I see him, Lo vedo. Isee her La vedo, know him. ‘Lo conosco. Do you people know her? Does he know them? (Plural or mixed) Do you know him? (Familia) ‘Lo conosci? would like a receipt, please. Vorrei una per favor. T would like it La vor. I would like some. (L. OF them (1) would iike.] [Ne vorrei, I would like one of them, (Masculine) [Ne vorrei uno. | would like (wo of them. Ne vorrei due 39 40 Do you have ny? (Polite) (L-Ofshem have (you? Nea? ‘They're buying i. (Masculine) . ‘Loro lo comprano, ‘Are you selling them? (Familiar) Frank sells them. My brother sees me Mio fratello mi vede. ‘They see me. os [Loro} mi vedono. Tsaw you. (Familiar) ‘Tho visto, saw you. (Polite) ‘Ltho vista, [Chai detto! it [L'ha fatto! ‘We rented them. (Masculine objects) [Li abbiamo noleggiat He rented it (Feminine object) ; [C’ha noleggiata. need some [of them]. / Thave need of them. [Ne ho bisogno. ‘They can hear us {Ci possono sentie, Past participles must agree withthe direct object pronouns “Io”, "Ia", “li, and “Ie”, in both number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine). For example, the past participle of “noleggiare" ioleggiata” ifthe rented object is feminine, “noleggiate” ifthe “noleggiato” if the rented object is masculine torent) is rented objects are feminine, or “noleggiata” ifthe rented objects are masculine or mixed. LESSON 68 - LEZIONE 68 USING INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS IN SENTENCE USO DEI PRONOMI PERSONALI COME COMPLEMENTO DI TERMINE He's buying me a gift. / He is buying a gift for me Lui mi compra un regalo.He's buying you a gift. (Familiar) 's buying you a gift. (Polite) He's buying him a git. He's buying us a gift. He is buying you people a gift. He's buying iem ag (Colloquia form) He's buying them a gift ‘They are buying a gift for Paul ‘They are buying me a gift Tm giving him a watch Tm giving hee a watch. Tm giving a watch 9 you. /T' i ving au watch (Familiar) 'm giving a watch to you. (Polite) Lam giving a watch to you guys. Lam giving a watch to them. (Colloquial form) Lam giving a watch to them. He gave me a watch She bought him a gif. He rented her a car. He spoke to them. ‘You sold a shirt to my father. (Polite). You sold him a shiet. (Familiar) You sold her a shirt. (Familiar) 'm buying them a car a An indirect object is the object or person “to whor sentence “He's buying me a gift.” which means exactly the same thing as “He's buying a gift for me." the di “The indirect object usually answers the question “To whom?" or object is “gift, and the indirect object is “me “For whom?” Lui ti compra un regalo. ‘Lui Le compra un regalo [a Lei} ‘Lui lg compra un regalo [a lei. ‘Lui gli compra un regalo [2 lui) ‘Lui ci compra un regalo, Lui vi compra un regal. ‘Lui gli compra un regalo [a loro}. ‘Lui compra loro un regalo. ‘Loro comprano un regalo a Paolo. {Loro] mi comprano un regalo. To gli dd un orologio. Io le dd un orologic. {No} ti 49 un orologio. To} Le 6 un orologo. [To] vi dd un orologo. To] gli dd un orologi. fo} do loro un orologo. Lu mj ha dato un oroogio. Lei gli ha comprato un regalo. ui le ha noleggiato una macchina Lui gi a parlato. Lei ha venduto una camicia a mio padre. “Tw gl hai venduto una camicia “Tw le hai venduto una eamicia 4 {o gli compro una macchina, or whom” the action is performed. For example, in the ct LESSON 69 - LEZIONE 69 DIRE AND INDIRECT 01 T PRONOUNS TOGETHER - PRONOMI PERSONALI DOPPL He's buying it forme. (Maseuline object) He's buying it for me. (Feminine objet) He's buying it for you. Familiar, mas He's buying it for him, J He's buying it for her. (Masculine object) He's buying it for him, / He's buying it for he. (Feminine object) He is buying it for you. (Polite, Masculine object). He's buying it fr him, (Masculine objec) He is buying ifr het. (Masculine object). He's buying it forus. (Masculine object) He's buying it for you people. (Masculine object) He's buying it forthem, (Masculine object) Lam giving if to them. (Masculine object) ine object) {Lui me lo compra ‘Lui me la compra. [Luj te lo compra, Lui glislo compra, Lui glila compra Lui gliclo compra aL Lui alielo compra a lui). Lui glielo compra [a ei Lui ge lo compra. Lui ve lo compra Lui gliclo compra {a loro} Io glielo dd [a loro,{am siving it to Paul (Feminine object) Tam giving them 0 her. (Feminine objects) Jam giving them to him. (Masculine objects) [Embringing the suitcases to my parents [Em bringing them to my parens. (Masculine objects) [im bringing them to my parents. (Feminine objects) I'm bringing hem the suitcases. [im bringing itto them. (Feminine object) I'm giving to you (Polite, Feminine objec) Were giving it you. (Feminine objet). We're eiving them to him. (Masculine object) You sold it (Familiar) You sod ito my father, (Masculine object You sold them to my father. (Masculine objects) You sold ito him. Feminine objec) You sold iio.them (Masculine object) (Feminine objet ‘They sold it to-you. (Familiar, Masculine object Jo gliela dd « Paolo, slo gliele dd lei. To glieh do au. To porto le valigie ai miei genitor oi porto ai miei genitor. To le porto ai miei genitori lo gi poro le valgie fo glcla porto [a loro} To piel do [a Lei}. /La db a Lei Noi ela diamo, Noi gle diam (a lui} Tu hai venduta ‘Tu hai venduto a mio padre ‘Ti hai venduti a mio padre. Tu gliel'hai venduta [a lui Tu gliel’hai venduto [a loro) Tu me hai venduta, Loro te hanno vénduto. When a sentence contains both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect object pronoun is always placed in front of the direct object pronoun. When direct and indi change to “me”, “te”, “ce”, and * Then the direet object pronouns “Ik Le", the pronouns “gli”, respeatively. i" oF “Ie” to form the words “pliclo”,“glicla” several meanings, the phrase “a lei", “a lui ect abject pronouns are used together, the indirect object pronouns a, "Wand "Ie" are used. le", and “Le” all change to “glie™. ‘a loro” or “a Lei” ‘ei, and “vi” th the indirect object pronouns “gli”, “le”, and lie” is then combined with the direct pronouns “lo”, 43 4“ ‘glieli” and “gliele”, Since these combined words can have sometimes added to clarify the meaning of the sentence. This makes the use ofthe indirect object pronoun “glie” redundant but this construction is sometimes required LESSON 70 - LEZIONE 70 PRONOUNS IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES ~ PRONOMI NELLE FRASI NEGATIVE, They do not want me, They don’t want us. He does not want it (Feminine object) We don’t want them. (Masculine objects) don’t see him, T would not like any [not even one. did not see you. (Polite) You did not say it. (Famiiar) He did not d We did not rent them. (Feminine objects) 'm not giving it to Paul. (Masculine object) [Em not giving a watch to him, Tim not giving you a we [Cm not giving it to her. (Masculine object) ['m not giving it to you people. (Masculine objects) rm not bringing the luggage to my parents. rm not bringing them to my parents. (Masculine objects), [Loro} non mi vogliono, {Lora} non ci vogliono. [Lui] non la vuole. [Noi] non fi vogliamo. To] non lo vedo. [Ho] non ne vorrei neanche uno. [Ho] non L'ho vista [Tul non Chai deto FLuil non Pha fatto [Noi] non le abbiamo noleggiate {To} non lo do a Paolo. 'Non gli dé un orologio. Non ti dd wn orologi. Non gliclo da [a lei) Non ve lod. Non porto i bagaeli ai misi genitori. Non li porto ai mici genitor:{tm not bringing them the luggage [Fm not bringing it to them. (Masculine object) He didnot give me a wat She did not buy him a gt He didnot rent her acar He did not speak tothe You did not sella shirt 0 my father. (Familia) You did not sell him a shirt. You did not sell it to my father (Feminine object) ‘You did not sell them t0 my father. (Feminine objects)... ‘You did not sell it to him. (Fem. obj.) ‘You did not sell ito them, (Mase. obj.) You did not sell five of them. (Masculine or mixed) .... We did not take him to the movie theater. Non gli porto i bagagli Non gliglo porto [a loro}. Non mi ha dato un orologio. Non gli ha comprato un (on le ha noleggiato una machina “Non gli ha parat. ‘Non ia venduto una camicia a mio padre ‘Non gli hai venduto una camicia. Non I’hai venduta a mio padre [Non le ai vendute @ mio padre. ‘Non ale"hai venduta [a lui. [Non gliehai venduto [2 loro} [Non ne hai venduticingue. Non Je abbiamo portato al cinema, LESSON 71 - LEZIONE 71 THE CAR -LA MACCHINA todrive a car/ 10 guide a car She knows how to drive. : Do you knox: how to drive? (Polite) es, Uhave driven my parents’ cat... 1 drove [as far as} tothe school yesterday. But now the motor doesn't work. You need some gasoline... Teed some.cil 100. ‘Can you shsk the oil, please? (Polite) Whereis themnearest service station? W's somewhere near here. =. Iwould like to change this tr Give [to] me 20 liters of gasoline, please. ate Fillthe tank pease ‘unleaded / without lead diesel fuel premium gasoline reglar gasoline Thave a flat ire. want to check the tre to succeed in doing /o beable to /o manage to Tan‘ start the motor. {L. am notable 1 put in motion). ‘Tae car won't stat / The tion doesn work the battery ‘The battery is. discharged. ee sguidare la machina ‘Lei sa guidare la macchina, a guidare la machina? ho guidato la machina dei miei genitor ‘Ho guidato fino alla scuola ier 45 Ma ora il motore non funziona. Hai bisogno di benzina ‘Ho bisogno anche di oli ‘Pud controllare l’olio, per favore? ‘Dov’? la stazione di servizio pid vicina? E da qualche parte qui vicino. \Vorrei cambiare questa ruota ‘Mi dia 20 litri di benzina, per favore ‘Lpieno, per favore ‘senza piombo ‘carburante diesel --c-benaina super ‘-benzina normale Ho una ruota sgonfia -Voglio controllare la pressione delle ruote. Non riesco a mettere in moto. ‘L'accension¢ non funziona. cls batteria [La batteria& scarica.LESSON 72 - LEZIONE 72 SENTENCES WITH IMPORTANT WORDS AND CONCEPTS - FRASI CON PAROLE E CONCETT! UTILI Iisnecessary to eat... ‘Tha's difficult to believe. thas been three years. / They are three years, Jes been longing (Ls since much ime) ‘This train is always late I's already five o'clock... . Do you have snaush money? (Fails) Isit que? . It’s really good. Really? Thats jeri She is so pretty. .... He is so nice. ‘There are so many books. This is such a good book. / This is suci a beautiful book. The weather is so nice today. / ‘The weather is so beautiful today. usually... Taswally leave about eight o'clock. tis snowing. en like the snow very much. ‘Which one is the best? We are poor people It was a very tich country. This room is worse than the other one, It was the worst hotel The Tine was too long. / The queue was too long. My backpack is very light. ‘Your luggage is too heavy forthe airplane. We wanted some empty glasses. The bus was full of people. We wanted the information ‘Your information was wrong. Life is beautiful ‘We want to-stay at home. was at home all day. /Tstayed at home all day. to stay overnight «ove We are going to stay ina four star hotel. / ‘We are going to stay in a hotel of Ist category 4 want to practice my Italian, | want both [the] books. --Bisogna mangiare difficile da credere, E da molto tempo. ‘Questo treno & sempre in rtardo. ‘Sono gia le cinque. ‘Hai abbastanza soldi? E vero? .E veramente buono. Davvero? Magnificat {Lei} ® cosi carina. [Lui] € cosi gentile. (Ci sono cost tant libri Questo & un libro talmente bello, 11 tempo & cost bello oggi i solito / normalmente /abitualmente Di solito parto verso le otto “Nevica Mi piace molto la neve, ‘Qual’ il mighiore? a 48 {Noi} siamo gente povera [Era un paese molto ricco. Questa stanza peggiore di quel'atra ‘Bra hotel pesgiore. ‘La fila era troppo lung 1 mio zaino 8 molto leggero. IL tuo bagaglio & troppo pesante per I'aereo. “_Volevamo dei bicchieri vuoti ‘L'aurobus era piene di gent. ‘Volevamo le informazioni Le tue informazioni erano shagliate ‘La vitae bella ‘Vogliamo rimanere a cas. ‘Sono rimasto a casa tutto il giomo. [pemottare .Pemotteremo in un albergo di prima categoria ‘Voglio esercitare il mio Italiano. ‘Voalio entrambi i libri LESSON 73 —- LEZIONE 73 MORE SENTENCES WITH IMPORTANT WORDS AND CONCEPTS ALTRE FRASI CON PAROLE E CONCETTI UTILI Tike wine. [L. To me, itis pleasing, the wine.) [Mi piace il vino,ike you. [L. Tome, [you] are pleasing. Mi piaci lke tL me i iscsi | Mipiace Lovet eons Mipiace molto Iedon‘t ike it- : ‘Non mi piace Hove you : {Ho] Ti amo. 10] ti voglio bene Whereis the dos? Dov'e il cane? He is outside... E fuori { put him outside an hour age. [ho messo fuori un’ora fa ‘There is a gift in my suitcase. ‘Ce un regalo nella mia valigia, ‘There is something inside. (C' qualeosa dentro ‘They want to stay here until tomorrow. Vogliono rimanere qui finoa domani T'mon vacation {o sono in vacanas He has to work until the end of the week. Deve lavorare la fine della settimana. We want to spend the week at home... ‘Vogtiamo trascorere la settimana a casa Then, we will spend the weekend at my parents" home. Poi trascorreremo il fine settimana dai miei genitori The countryside is about 20 kilometers from the town. ......La campagna é a citca 20 chilometr dalla citt. What js this called? Come si chiama questo? What is your address? ‘Qual’é il tuo indirizz0? Questo atobus va Does this bus go towards the beach? 0 la spiaggia? No, it goes across town. / No it erases the TOWN... oa la cit He is late again... Lui] in ardo di nuovo ‘That's impossible! eeeeneees impossibil! He is going to arrive later (ua aie ia Isthis your real name? Polite) Fil Suo vero nome questo? Ist genuine? 9 50 ‘Bo you know that place? (Polite) ‘Conosce quel posto? Excuse me, but that’s my seat ‘Mi scusi ma quello ¢ il mio posto. There's my sea. aoe Ecco il mio posto. 1s this seat occupied? : ‘occupato questo posto? ‘There was a fire atthe hospital (Cera un incendio allospedale 1am a businessman, : ‘Sono un vomo daar. What kind? / What manner? Dicche geneze?