MGT 503 Best Quizz

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
MGT503- Principles of Management (Session - 4)
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
Student Info
StudentID:
Center:
ExamDate: 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM
For Teacher's Use Only

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Q No. 41
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Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following courses helps managers gain a better understanding of motivation,
leadership, trust, employee selection, performance appraisals and training techniques?
► Psychology
► Sociology
► Political science
► Anthropology

The
new business model reflects today’s reality that:
► A large number of competitors are in the world.
► Information can be shared and exchanged instantaneously anywhere in the world
► People can move from one part to another part of the country easily
► Trade barriers are removed

Which of the following is NOT one of Fredrick Taylor's four principles of management?
► Avoid cooperation with workers

► Scientifically select and then train workers
► Divide work and responsibility
► Study tasks scientifically and develop best method to perform it

Which of the following is called father of scientific management?
► Henri Fayol
► Max Weber
► Fredrick W. Taylor
► Abraham Maslow

All
of the following are values of studying management EXCEPT:
► Recognizes the important role that management and managers play in society
► Provides essential knowledge to be effective in managerial positions
► Gives you insight into your personality and behavior
► Gives insight into the way that organizations work

Which one of the following is explaining the Entrepreneur in the best way?
► Goals Setter
► Decision Maker
► Communicator
► Initiator
The
success of the business can be judged through:
► Customer satisfaction
► Achieving of Organizational Goals
► Cost price reduction
► All of the given options

The
most important point of Prof. Edward Deming’s Philosophy was:
► Achieving the Goals
► Consistency of Purpose
► Wastage of the resources should be minimized
► Collaboration among the members

Which of the following is most important characteristic of an entrepreneur?
► Planning
► Communication
► Rapid decision making
► Goal setting

Interpersonal roles include which of the following three roles?
► Disseminating, figurehead and liaison
► Figurehead, leader and liaison
► Disturbance handler, monitor and entrepreneur
► Monitor, resource allocator and negotiator

Which level of management is responsible for making organization wide decisions and
establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization?
► Non managerial staff
► Top management
► Middle management
► First-line management

Manager's interpersonal skills are known as:
► Understand and motivate others
► Coordinate interests and abilities
► Use necessary tools and procedures
► Establish the right connections
]
Which of the following is considered to be the father of modern computing?
► Fredrick W Taylor
► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

“Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient” it is called:
► Division of work
► Authority
► Scalar chain
► Order

When management provides orderly personnel planning and ensures that replacements are
available to fill vacancies, it is called :
► Discipline
► Unity of command
► Stability of tenure of personnel

According to Maslow's hierarchy of need, a healthy work environment is an example of
which of the following need?
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

Systems that interact with their environment dynamically are called:
► Close systems
► Open systems
► Flexible systems
► Social systems

Inputs, transformation process, output and feedback are basic elements of:
► Administrative approach
► Behavioral approach
► Qualitative approach
► System approach

Environment reacts to the output of organization and provides:
► Feed forward
► Input
► Output
► Feedback

In a
socialist economy, means of production are owned by :
► City
► Country
► Nation
► State

Mega environment, that includes the attitudes, values, norms, beliefs, behaviors and
associated demographic trends that are characteristics of a given geographic area, is called:
► The socio-cultural element

► The international element
► The economic element
► The legal-political element

Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following
dimensions of organizational culture?
► Attention to detail
► People orientation
► Outcome orientation
► Aggressiveness

The
view that management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits is called:
► Classical view
► Pre-classical view
► Modern view
► Historical view

A
large pulp and paper company meets all federal guidelines and obeys all laws rigorously as
it cuts down timber. The primary concern of this company is compliance and profit
maximization for its stockholders. This company is exhibiting which of the following?
► Social responsibility
► Social obligation
► Moral obligation
► Social responsiveness

An
individual’s personal beliefs regarding what is right and wrong or good and bad is called:
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

Which of the following is a collection of countries that use a common currency?
► European common market

► European Union
► Western European alliance
► Economic and monetary union
Scrutinizing the work situation for changing conditions that may signal the materialization
of a problem comes under:
► Scanning stage
► Categorization stage
► Diagnosis stage
► Implementation stage

In
decision making process, ideas should be evaluated on the basis of:
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

Fifth Step in the rational decision making process is:
► Implementation of the alternative
► Analyzing alternatives
► Developing alternatives
► Allocating weights to the criteria

A
situation that offers a strong potential for significant organizational gain if appropriate
actions are taken is called:
► Crisis problem
► Non- Crisis problem
► Opportunity problem
► Financial Problem

Which of the following is a variation of the electronic meeting that links media from
different locations?
► E-commerce
► The Delphi technique
► E-Brainstorming
► Video conference

Plans which have the broadest organizational focus and the longest time frame are called:
► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

Ali
Ais especially good at communicating company goals to his employees and motivating them
to achieve these goals. Ali is practicing which of the following skills?
► Conceptual skills
► Organizational skills
► Technical skills
► Human skills

Decisions which deal with situations where the factors are fairly structured and occur with
some frequency are called:
► Heuristic decision
► Programmed decision
► Satisficing decision
► Non-programmed decision

A
single use plan of less scope and complexity which may be a part of broader program or
may be a self contained plan is called:
► A program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule
Which one of the following plans has clearly defined objectives?
► Directional
► Flexible
► Specific
► Standing

Which one of the following functions or activities involves in recruiting and placing
qualified personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives and
goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading

Which of the following was created by the unification of 12 countries in Europe?
► European Common Market

► European Union
► Western European Alliance
► Trans-European Market

People who make fast decisions and focus on short run prefer which of the following
decision making styles?
► Behavioral style
► Analytic style
► Conceptual style
► Directive style

Which of the following decision making techniques requires a panel of experts?
► Interacting group
► Delphi technique
► Nominal group
► Brainstorming
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 )

Suppose a large wholesale firm has appointed a new distribution manager whose job is to
manage one hundred truck drivers and to coordinate standard truck routes in the most
efficient fashion. Which management theory he should apply to complete his job tasks
efficiently?
Chapter 3 Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?
1. In the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an
organization’s success or failure.
(False; easy; p. 50)
2. The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests that managers are
omnipotent.
(True; moderate; p. 50)
3. The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-
charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the
organization’s objectives.
4. The symbolic view of management impact is useful in explaining the high turnover among
college and professional sports coaches, who can be considered the “managers” of their
teams.
(False; difficult; p. 50)
5. In the omnipotent view of management, much of an organization’s success or failure is due

to forces outside management’s control.
6. If an organization subscribes to the symbolic view of managers, it is unreasonable to expect

managers to have a significant effect on the organization’s performance.
(True; easy; p. 50)
7. A manager’s role in the omnipotent view of management is to create meaning out of

randomness, confusion, and ambiguity.
(False; moderate; p. 50)
THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE
8. An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.

9. The organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that

distinguishes the organization from other organizations.
10. Organizational culture is a perception, not reality.

11. Presently, there is no method for analyzing or assessing organizational culture.

12. Strong cultures have more influence on employees than weak ones.
13. An increasing body of evidence suggests that strong cultures are associated with high
organizational performance.
(True; easy; p. 53)
14. Compensation is mentioned in the textbook as a dimension of organizational culture.

15. Most organizations have very weak cultures.

16. An organization’s founder has little influence on its culture.

17. Rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values of an
organization.
18. Organizational stories typically contain a narrative of significant events or people.

19. Employee stock options are mentioned in the textbook as an example of a material symbol.
20. The link between values and managerial behavior is fairly straightforward.
THE ENVIRONMENT
21. The part of the environment directly related to achievement of an organization’s goals is
the specific environment.
22. The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.

23. Environmental uncertainty can be divided into two dimensions: degree of trust and degree
of integration.
(False; difficult; p. 69)
24. Because certainty is a threat to an organization’s effectiveness, managers try to minimize it.
25. The term suppliers includes providers of financial and labor inputs.
26. To a national network such as NBC, your home VCR is considered a competitor.
27. Industry conditions are an example of an organization’s general environment.

28. Economic conditions are part of the organization’s specific environment.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
For each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.
29. What are the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization?
a. omnipotent and symbolic
b. omnipotent and reflective
c. symbolic and interactive
d. reflective and interactive
(a; moderate; p. 50)
30. The omnipotent view of management means ________________.

a. the top manager is the only person in charge
b. managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure
c. that there is only one boss in the organization, and she or he is responsible for
delegating orders
d. managers have little or no responsibility for an organization’s success or failure
(b; easy; p. 50)
31. The __________ view of management is consistent with the stereotypical picture of
the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out
the organization’s objectives.
a. omnipotent
b. symbolic
c. functional
d. systems
(a; hard; p. 50)
32. The symbolic view of management means _____________.

a. managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure
b. managers have little or no responsibility for an organization’s success or failure
c. that external forces are directly responsible for an organization’s success or
failure
d. the employees are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure
(c; easy; p. 50)
33. Internal constraints that restrict a manager’s decision options _______________.

a. exist within every organization
b. do not exist, as all managers can decide as they please
c. exists only to the extent that upper management imposes them
d. exist only to the extent that followers won’t do as they are told
(a; easy; p. 51)
34. The current dominant assumption in management theory _______________.

a. suggests a balanced view of managers as symbolic and omnipotent
b. suggests managers are symbolic
c. suggests managers are omnipotent
d. is that both the symbolic and omnipotent views are fading
(c; moderate; p. 50)
35. Which of the following views of managerial impact is useful in explaining the high
turnover among college and professional sports coaches who can be considered the
“managers” of their teams?
a. symbolic
b. omnipotent
c. generalist
d. autocratic
(b; moderate; p. 50)
36. According to the symbolic view, managers have a(n) _____________ effect on substantive
organizational outcomes.
a. substantial
b. moderate
c. limited
d. unlimited
37. Managers operate within the constraints imposed by __________________.

a. government at the federal and state level
b. the employees of the organization
c. the organization’s culture and environment
d. the organization’s board of directors
38. A manager may be able to expand their area of discretion by _______________.

a. telling the employees what to do
b. changing and influencing their organization’s culture and environment
c. electing new government officials at the federal and state level
d. changing employers and thus their boss
39. __________ that restrict a manager’s decision options exist within every
organization.
a. Internal constraints
b. External constraints
c. Organizational external environments
d. Organizational environment changes
(a; hard; p. 51)
40. Organizational culture is similar to an individual’s _____________.

a. skills
b. personality
c. motivation
d. ability
(b; easy; p. 52)
41. An organization’s culture is ______________.

a. represented in organizational meetings by the top manager of the organization
b. represented by a common perception held by interest groups that watch the
organization
c. represented by a common perception held by the organization’s members
d. changed when the organization is purchased by new owners
(c; hard; p. 52)
42. Organizational culture is concerned with how members perceive the organization
not whether they __________.
a. like it
b. like their peers
c. like their boss
d. like their customers
(a; easy; p. 52)
43. Strong cultures _____________.

a. are found in organizations with strong leaders
b. have a minimal influence on the employee when she or he is making decisions
c. can be found in all organizations that exist
d. have a greater influence on employees than do weak cultures
(d; moderate; p. 53)
44. Employees in organizations with strong cultures _______________.

a. are more committed to their organization
b. are more likely to leave the organization than stay
c. are more willing to perform illegal activities
d. are more likely to follow directives from peers
45. Which of the following phrases is associated with the definition of organizational culture?
a. individual response
b. shared meaning
c. diversity of thought
d. explicit directions
(b; easy; p. 52)
46. Which of the following is not mentioned in the textbook as a dimension of organizational
culture?
a. attention to detail
b. people orientation
c. compensation
d. aggressiveness
47. Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following
a. attention to detail
b. people orientation
c. outcome orientation
d. aggressiveness
48. Corporate ___________ are repetitive sequences of activities that express and
reinforce the values of the organization, what goals are most important, which
people are important, and which are expendable.
a. languages
b. rituals
c. symbols
d. ceremonies
(b; easy; p. 57)
49. The most significant ways that culture is transmitted to employees consist of
__________.
a. rituals, tales of woe, symbols, and language
b. symbols, rituals, language, and systems
c. stories, rituals, symbols, and language
d. language, stories, rituals, and rewards
50. When employees at Microsoft use words such as: work judo, eating your own dog
food, and flat food, they are using organizational __________.
a. languages
b. rituals
c. symbols
d. ceremonies
(a; easy; p. 57)
51. Most organizations have ____________ cultures.

a. very weak
b. weak to moderate
c. moderate
d. moderate to strong
52. The original source of an organization’s culture usually ________________.

a. is shared among the first workers hired into the organization
b. is formulated by the board of directors when the organization is formed
c. identifies what the organization is successful doing
d. reflects the vision or mission of the organization’s founder
53. Organizational _____________ typically contain(s) a narrative of significant events or

people.
a. stories
b. rituals
c. charts
d. material symbols
54. All of the following are mentioned in the textbook as examples of material symbols except
____________.
a. dress attire
b. size of offices
c. employee stock options
d. reserved parking spaces for certain employees
55. The link between organizational values and managerial behavior is _____________.
a. uncertain
b. fairly straightforward
c. loose and difficult to see
d. unimportant
56. By learning organizational language, member’s _________________.

a. can communicate with the stockholders of the organization
b. know that the boss will be promoting them to greater responsibility
c. attest to their acceptance of the culture and their willingness to help preserve the
culture
d. can share material symbols with other members
(c; hard; p. 57)
57. An organization’s culture ______________.

a. constrains what managers can do and are rarely explicit
b. seldom constrains what managers can, cannot do, and are rarely explicit
c. seldom constrains what managers can, cannot do, and are rarely implicit
d. constrains what managers can, cannot do, and are rarely explicit
(d; hard; p. 52)
THE ENVIRONMENT
58. External environment refers to _________________.

a. institutions outside the organization that affect the organization’s performance
b. forces and institutions outside the organization that potentially can affect the
organization’s performance
c. forces and institutions inside the organization that affect the organization’s
performance
d. forces inside the organization that affect the organization’s performance
(b; hard; p. 64)
59. According to the textbook, the _______________ environment includes those

constituencies that have a direct and immediate impact on managers’ decisions and actions
and are directly relevant to the achievement of the organization’s goals.
a. general
b. specific
c. secondary
d. forward
60. An organization’s specific environment ________________.

a. is unique and changes with conditions
b. is the same regardless of the organization’s age
c. is determined by the top level of management
d. is quantified to determine its existence
61. The specific environment of organizations consists of constituencies that have a

direct impact on managers’ decisions and actions. The main constituencies are
made up of customers, suppliers, competitors, and __________.
a. legislators
b. pressure groups
c. employees
d. lawyers
62. Which of the following is not an example of a constituency that makes up the specific
environment?
a. customers
b. sociocultural factors
c. suppliers
d. competitors
63. When you think of an organization’s suppliers, you ________________.

a. know that they are the main customers of the organization
b. typically think of governments that pass the laws the organization must follow
c. know that they are located close to the buying organization
d. typically think in terms of organizations that provide materials and equipment
64. Managers seek to ensure a steady __________________.

a. cash flow from stockholders into the organization
b. flow of needed inputs at the lowest price available
c. flow of customers at the company’s outlet store
d. flow of suppliers to keep the competition among suppliers at a peak
65. The Internet is having an impact on who an organization’s competitors are because
it has _____________.
a. defined the common markets for the organizations
b. made the products they sell invaluable to the customer
c. virtually eliminated the need for shopping malls
d. virtually eliminated the geographic boundaries
(d; hard; p. 66)
66. For a company such as Walt Disney World in Florida, a bank would be an example of what
kind of factor in their specific environment?
a. competitor
b. supplier
c. special-interest group
d. government agency
67. Which of the following is not an example of a specific environmental factor?

a. suppliers
b. political conditions
c. governmental agencies
d. B and C are correct.
68. For an organization such as a hospital that needs nurses, the labor union and the local labor
market are examples of what kinds of factors in their specific environment?
a. special-interest group and supplier
b. customer and special-interest group
c. both are examples of suppliers
d. government agency and competitor
(c; difficult; p. 65)
69. Typically, the specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
a. economic factors
c. technological factors
d. competitors
70. United Parcel Service represents what factor to the U.S. Postal Service in its specific
environment?
a. competitor
b. supplier
c. customer
71. The general economic condition consist of all of the following except _______________.
a. legislation recently passed by Congress
b. interest rates
c. change in disposable income
d. stock market fluctuations
72. Sociocultural conditions consist of _______________.

a. demographic profiles of the organization’s suppliers
b. legal issues as determined by court decisions
c. the level of unemployment and real economic incomes of workers
d. changing expectations of the society in which they operate
(d; hard; p. 67)
73. To a national network such as NBC, your home VCR is considered a _____________.
a. customer
b. supplier
c. special-interest group
d. competitor
74. According to the textbook, _____________ is having an impact on determining an

organization’s competitors because it has virtually eliminated the geographic boundaries.
a. local area network
b. the intranet
c. the Internet
d. video conferencing
(c; easy; p. 66)
75. Ralph Nader’s Center for Responsive Law is an example of what factor in the specific
external environment?
a. competitor
b. pressure group
c. customer
76. Typically, the general organizational environment includes which of the following?
a. political conditions
b. issues directly relevant to achieving organizational goals
c. stakeholders
d. suppliers
77. Compared to the specific environment, which of the following is an accurate statement about
the general environment of an organization?
a. It has less impact on the organization’s operations.
b. It has more impact on the organization’s operations.
c. It has about the same impact on an organization’s operations.
d. It is the concern of upper management.
(a; difficult; p. 66)
78. Which of the following is not an example of an organization’s general environment?

a. economic conditions
c. social conditions
d. industry conditions
79. Interest rates, inflation rates, and stock market indexes are all examples of what factor in an
organization’s general environment?
a. economic
b. political
c. social
d. technological
80. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is an example of a __________.

a. sociolegal condition
b. political/legal condition
c. political/sociological condition
d. sociocultural condition
81. A downturn in the contributions from the public to the United Way charity is an example of
the impact from what factor in its general environment?
a. political
b. social
c. technological
d. economic
82. According to the textbook, which of the following groups includes individuals who were
born between the years 1946–1964?
a. the Depression group
b. the World War II group
c. the baby boomers
d. Generation X
83. According to the textbook, the members of which one of the following groups are thinking,
learning, creating, shopping, and playing in fundamentally different ways that are likely to
greatly impact organizations and managers?
a. the Depression group
b. the World War II group
c. the baby boomers
d. Generation Y
(d; difficult; p. 68)
84. Generation Y is predicted to be __________ their baby boomer parents’ generation.

a. as large as, if not larger than
b. large, but not as large as
c. not anywhere nearly as large as
d. much, much smaller than
85. Which factor has been the most rapidly changing component in an organization’s general
environment in the past quarter-century?
a. global
b. economic
c. social
d. technological
86. The enhanced speed and quality of managerial decision making due to an integrated office
system is an example of the impact of which general environmental factor?
a. global
b. social
c. political
d. technological
87. Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?
a. degree of change and degree of complexity
b. degree of change and degree of volume
c. degree of complexity and degree of impact
d. degree of impact and degree of timing
88. We call it a __________ environment if the components in an organization’s

environment change frequently.
a. moving
b. diverse
c. dynamic
d. difficult
(c; hard; p. 69)
89. Managers try to minimize __________ because it is a threat to an organization’s

effectiveness.
a. product development
b. uncertainty
c. price charges
d. the number of suppliers
90. __________ are any constituencies in the organization’s external environment that
are affected by the organization’s decisions and actions.
a. Stockholders
b. Pressure groups
c. Suppliers
d. Stakeholders
91. According to the textbook, _______________ refers to the number of components in an

organization’s environment and the extent of the knowledge that the organization has about
those components.
a. degree of stability
b. openness
c. degree of complexity
d. change
92. The first step of managing external stakeholder relationships is to identify who the
stakeholders are. The second step is to _________________.
a. determine what specific approach they should use to manage the stakeholder
relationship
b. determine what the courts might do when stakeholder files a claim against the
organization
c. determine what particular interests or concerns these stakeholders might have
d. determine how many stakeholders there are in each stakeholder group
(c; hard; p. 71)
SCENARIOS AND QUESTIONS

For each of the following, choose the answer that most completely answers the question.
Corporate Takeover (Scenario)
Todd works for SeaLan Tech, an environmental consulting firm that has just been purchased by
Zerex, Inc., a biomedical research organization. Based on his early encounters with the new
upper management from Zerex, he feels that SeaLan is a “lower-key, friendlier” organization. He
is concerned that the new company will eliminate SeaLan ’s old culture, and he does not like the
prospects.
93. If you were talking with Todd and asked him what the term culture meant, he would reply
that, basically, it is _________________.
a. the formal rules of an organization
b. the nationality of the workers in the company
c. a system of shared meaning
d. a system that reflects diversity and respect for differences
(c; easy; p. 52)
94. Todd is concerned with the degree to which managers focus on results or outcomes rather
than techniques and the processes used to achieve those outcomes. He is concerned with
_____________.
a. stability
b. aggressiveness
c. team orientation
d. outcome orientation
95. Todd notices that management is very concerned with the effects of outcomes on people
within the organization. This is referred to as _____________.
a. stability
b. aggressiveness
c. team orientation
d. people orientation
96. Todd is assessing the organization’s _____________, the degree to which organizational
activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.
a. stability
b. aggressiveness
c. team orientation
97. Todd has been learning the seven dimensions of organizational culture. Which of the
following is not one of those seven dimensions?
a. stability
b. aggressiveness
c. member orientation
Changing Organizational Culture (Scenario)
Mary has been asked by the company president to change the organizational culture to reflect the
company’s new organizational goals. As executive vice president, she certainly understands the
goals, but is really not sure that she understands what to do about the culture.
98. Mary asked employees if they knew what constituted “good employee behavior.” She
found that very few understood, and most had a variety of ideas. This is one indication that
her company _______________.
a. has a strong culture
b. has a weak culture
c. has no culture
d. must have high turnover
99. Mary also found out that in order to build a strong new culture, she should do all but which
of the following?
a. utilize their recruitment efforts
b. develop socialization practices to build culture
c. encourage a high turnover rate
d. have management make explicit what is valued in the organization
100. Mary was surprised to find that most organizational culture strengths are ____________.
a. weak
b. weak to moderate
c. moderate to strong
d. strong
101. Mary has also been asked, as part of the cultural change, to build on the belief that
managers are directly responsible for the organization’s success or failure and not forces
outside their control. This would be consistent with an organizational culture that has a(n)
______________ view of management.
a. traditional
b. omnipotent
c. standard
d. symbolic
102. The new view of management change for the new culture will be difficult because, in the
past, success has been viewed as being outside management’s control, a view known as
_____________.
a. traditional
b. omnipotent
c. standard
d. symbolic
THE ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Constraints (Scenario)
It is safe to say that managers do not have complete control over organizational outcomes; the
environment has a significant impact. However, there are different environmental factors that
shape a manager’s work life.
103. As a manager, if you were working in an industry that was dependent on Internet
connections and the many new customers vying for the same space, this would be an
example of what kind of environment?
a. general
b. static
c. stable
d. dynamic
104. Political conditions, which include attitudes that officials hold toward specific industries,
fall within an organization’s _____________ environment.
a. global
b. internal
c. competitive
d. general
DEFINING THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
The Election (Scenario)
At the present time, your organization is confronting the election of a new president and
congress, changes in how the customer wants your product to look in design, changes in the age
and education level of your customer, and the desire of the customer to have the product made in
the newly discovered plastics used in the construction of your product.
105. The changes in the presidency and congress compose what for your organization?
a. general environment
b. specific environment
c. pressure group
d. interest group
106. The change in how the customer wants your product to look in design is an example
of what?
c. pressure group
d. interest group
(b; hard; p. 64)
107. The changes in the age and education level of your customer are an example of
which of the following?
a. economic condition
c. sociocultural condition
d. technological condition
108. To have the product made in the newly discovered plastics used in the construction
of your product is an example of which of the following?
a. economic condition
c. sociocultural condition
d. technological condition
The New Medical Product (Scenario)
You are a manager of marketing and are planning on introducing a new medical product that has
stirred up controversy among certain public groups. Members of the research and development
staff have pointed out that the company has a history of introducing controversial products and
being successful doing so. Members among your staff have stated that this product is more
controversial than any product introduced previously.
109. The public group that is opposed to the introduction of the new medical product is
known as which of the following?
a. service group
b. defense group
c. pressure group
d. informal group
110. When looking at the introduction of the new product into particular market niche,
this niche is which of the following to the organization as a whole?
c. political/legal condition
d. sociocultural condition
(b; hard; p. 64)
111. The research and development department is acting on the common perception held
by that department known as what?
a. omnipotent view of management
b. organizational culture
c. internal constraint
d. external constraint
(b; hard; p. 52)
112. The marketing staff’s resistance to introducing the new medical product is which of
the following for the marketing manager?
a. omnipotent view of management
b. organizational culture
c. external constraint
d. internal constraint
STRONG VERSUS WEAK CULTURE
113. If the marketing department staff had agreed with the research and development
staff, then it could be said that the organization probably possesses what?
a. strong culture
b. weak culture
c. specific internal environment
d. specific internal constraint
(a; easy; p. 53)
Operating Within the Environment (Scenario)
The environment places constraints on the behavior of managers. Suppose you are a manager
trying to understand the forces within your organization’s environment.
114. Imagine you are the manager of a real estate office trying to maximize profits. If the
mortgage interest rates increase, this would be an example of changing ____________ in
your general environment.
a. economic conditions
c. competition
d. social conditions
Chris Co. (Scenario)
Mr. Taylor haw been hired by Chris Co., a manufacturer of precious metal jewelry. Chris Co. has
been having significant issues with some of their major stakeholders such as poor quality from
their suppliers and complaints from their customers. Mr. Taylor has been hired to help resolve
these issues and to help build a plan for resolving the company’s problem with their major
stakeholders.
115. Mr. Taylor finds out how critical each stakeholder is to the organization’s decisions and
actions. This is the ____________.
a. first step
b. second step
c. third step
d. final step
(c; easy; p. 71)
116. Mr. Taylor identifies who the organizations’ stakeholders are. This is the ______________.
a. first step
b. second step
c. third step
d. final step
(a; easy; p. 71)
117. Mr. Taylor decides how to manage the external stakeholder relationships. This is the
____________.
a. first step
b. second step
c. third step
d. final step
(d; easy; p. 71)
ESSAY QUESTIONS
118. In a short essay, differentiate between the symbolic view and the omnipotent view of
management. Include specific examples of each view to support your answer.
Answer
a. The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the
take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the
organization’s objectives. This omnipotent view isn’t limited to business
organizations. It can also be used to help explain the high turnover among college and
professional sports coaches, who can be considered the “managers” of their teams.
Coaches who lose more games than they win are seen as ineffective. They are fired
and replaced by new coaches who, it is hoped, will correct the inadequate
performance. In the omnipotent view, when organizations perform poorly, someone
has to be held accountable regardless of the reasons why, and in our society, that
“someone” is managers. Of course, when things go well, someone needs to be
praised. So managers also get the credit—even if they had little to do with achieving
positive outcomes.
b. The symbolic view says that a manager’s ability to affect outcomes is influenced and
constrained by external factors. In this view, it is unreasonable to expect managers
to significantly affect an organization’s performance. Instead, an organization’s
results are influenced by factors outside the control of management. These factors
include the economy, market changes, governmental policies, competitors’ actions,
conditions in the particular industry, control over proprietary technology, and
decisions made by the previous manager. For example, when Winn-Dixie Stores
decided to close 10 percent of its stores and cut 11,000 jobs in April 2000,
competitors like Kroger found its business volume and revenues increasing. The
symbolic view would suggest that the positive performance wasn’t due to anything
that the managers did, but instead was due to forces beyond their control.
(moderate; p. 50)
119. In a short essay, define organizational culture and discuss the three implications of culture
as discussed in the textbook.
Answer
Organizational culture is a system of shared meaning and beliefs held by organizational
members that determines, in large degree, how they act. It represents a common perception
held by the organization’s members. In every organization, there are systems or patterns of
values, symbols, rituals, myths, and practices that have evolved over time. These shared
values determine, to a large degree, what employees see, and how they respond to their
world. When confronted with problems or work issues, the organizational culture
influences what employees can do and how they conceptualize, define, analyze, and resolve
these issues.
This definition of culture implies several things. First, culture is a perception. Individuals
perceive the organizational culture on the basis of what they see, hear, or experience within
the organization. Second, even though individuals may have different backgrounds or work
at different organizational levels, they tend to describe the organization’s culture in similar
terms. That is the shared aspect of culture. Finally, organizational culture is a descriptive
term. It’s concerned with how members perceive the organization, not with whether they
like it. It describes rather than evaluates.
(moderate; p. 51)
120. In a short essay, identify and define the seven dimensions that make up an organization’s
culture.
Answer
a. Innovation and risk taking—degree to which employees are encouraged to be
innovative and to take risks.
b. Attention to detail—degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision,
analysis, and attention to detail.
c. Outcome orientation—degree to which managers focus on results or outcomes rather
than on how these outcomes are achieved.
d. People orientation—degree to which management decisions take into account the
effects on people in the organization.
e. Team orientation—degree to which work is organized around teams rather than
individuals.
f. Aggressiveness—degree to which employees are aggressive and competitive rather
than cooperative.
g. Stability—degree to which organizational decisions and actions emphasize
maintaining the status quo.
(difficult; p. 52)
121. In a short essay, discuss how culture constrains managers. Include specific examples to
support your answer.
Answer
An organization’s culture is particularly relevant to managers because it constrains what
they can and cannot do. However, these constraints are rarely explicit. They’re not written
down, and it’s unlikely that they’ll even be spoken. But they’re there, and all managers
quickly learn what to do and not to do in their organization. For instance, you won’t find
the following values written down anywhere, but each example comes from a real
organization.
a. “Look busy even if you’re not.”
b. “If you take risks and fail around here, you’ll pay dearly for it.”
c. “Before you make a decision, run it by your boss so that he or she is never surprised.”
d. “We make our product only as good as the competition forces us to.”
e. “What made us successful in the past will make us successful in the future.”
f. “If you want to get to the top here, you have to be a team player.”
(moderate; p. 58)
122. List the factors that influence the strength of an organization’s culture and discuss the
impact of a strong culture on employees.
Answer
Factors:
a. size of the organization
b. how long it has been around
c. how much turnover there has been among employees
d. intensity with which the culture was originated
e. clear to employees what is important and what is not important
The more employees accept the organization’s key values and the greater their commitment
to those values, the stronger the culture is. Strong cultures have a greater influence on
employees than do weak cultures and are associated with high organizational performance.
Strong culture also enhances performances Explanation of this is that if values are clear and
widely accepted, employees know what they’re supposed to do and what’s expected of
them so they can act quickly to take care of problems, thus preventing any potential
performance decline.
(moderate; p. 53)
All Final Term Past Solved Papers of MGT503 in one File

By
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
All of the following are requirements for successful value chain management EXCEPT :
► Coordination and Collaboration
► Continuous Process Improvement
► Organizational Processes
► Technology Investment
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task is called:
► Self esteem
► Self direction
► Self efficacy
► Self confidence

The most important point of Prof. Edward Deming’s Philosophy was:
LG and Sony electronics agreed to cooperate on developing new technologies.
Representatives from each firm meet regularly to coordinate this new venture. Which of
the following roles these mangers are playing?
► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson
Munib is the CEO of a hospital. He has spent his day planning the schedules of employees
for next month. He spent his day in:
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling
Which type of managerial skill refers to the ability to analyze and diagnose complex
situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical
http://vustudents.ning.com 2
Munsterberg is considered to be the father of ________ psychology.
► Clinical
► Industrial
► Behavior
► Theoretical
Two major characteristics of open system are :
► Negative entropy and synergy
► Positive entropy and synergy
► Entropy and synergy
► Anthropology and synergy
In Europe today banks and insurance companies are linking up in an effort to market a
wide array of financial products that each would have trouble selling on its own. They are
practicing which of the following concept?
► Transformation
► Entropy
► Negative Entropy
► Synergy
Few years ago, employees of a international company took wages cuts to help the firm
offset large losses. Now firm is again earning profits and employees believe that their wages
should be restored but company is not willing to restore their wages. Organization is
showing which of the following behavior?
► Unethical
► Socially responsible
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic
Under which of the following approach, managers impose and enforce rules fairly and
impartially and do so by following all legal rules and regulations. A manager using this
theory would decide to provide the same rate of pay to individuals who are similar in their
level of skills, performance and gender?
► Integrative social contracts
► Right view of ethics
► Utilitarian view of ethics
► Theory of justice of ethics
Only employees with top-secret clearance may enter the sealed room, is an example of
► Rule
► Procedure
► Policy
► Plan
Jay tends to always look at the broad picture and likes to look at many alternatives. He
focuses on the long run and looks for creative solutions. He prefers which of the following
styles of decision making?
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
The strap of Ali's bag tore off as he threw it over his shoulder. On the way to school, he
stopped at the first store that carries bags, walked in and purchased one from the front
rack. Ali has just made which of the following type of decision?
► Maximizing
► Satisficing
► Risky
► Optimal
All of the following include in the definition of planning EXCEPT:
► Defining organization’s objectives or goals
► Establishing an overall strategy for achieving objectives or goals
► Allocating resources and developing a chain of communication
► Developing a hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities
Mission Statement of Johnson & Johnson is:
“We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to mothers and all
others who use our products”
This statement shows which of the following attributes of mission statement?
► Location
► Customers
► Self concept
► Desired public image
When objectives are not written down or rarely verbalized, and the planning is general and
lacks continuity, which one of the following type of planning is used?
► Environmental planning
► Economic planning
► Informal planning
► Formal planning
In those organizations where formal planning did not lead to higher performance, the
culprit may be which of the following?
► Employees
► Marketing plan
► Management
► Environment
Which of the folowing is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including skills,
technologies or resources that distinguish a firm from its competitors?
► Scope
► Distinctive Competency
► Resource deployment
► Effective strategy
A skill and capability that does not enable an organization to choose and implement
strategies that support its mission is called its:
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
ABC Company is in the process of buying a smaller competitor and incorporating that
company's resources into his business. This is an example of which of the following types of
strategies?
► Merger
► Stability
► Retrenchment
► Acquisition
http://vustudents.ning.com
Few years before Polka was a leading brand of ice-cream in Pakistan. Than it was
purchased by Walls and all its products were replaced with “Walls” name. Here "Walls"
adopted which of the following strategy?
► Merger
► Vertical integration
► Acquisition
► Horizontal integration
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have only a small share of a quickly
growing market?
► Star
► Dogs
► Cash cow
► Question mark
Which of the following is NOT a strategy implementation step?
► Define strategic tasks
► Develop implementation agenda
► Develop mission and goals
► Assess organizational capabilities
The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs is called:
► Centralization
► Span of control
► Chain of command
► Work specialization

While making a business plan an entrepreneur cannot conduct market research until he:
► Develops legal plan
► Develops insurance plan
► Writes cover letter
► Chooses product or service
Which of the following is the set of elements that can be used to configure an organization?
► Organization structure
► Organization design
► Organization chart
► Organization rotation
An owner of an organization hires a sales representative to market his products. He gave
power to sale representative to make certain decision. He has been given:
► Responsibility
► Span of control
► Authority
► Accountability
What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization where
different public service responsibilities are divided into activities for employers, children,
and the disabled?
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
Identify the organizational design process which has a potential weakness that, managers
will not be able to provide necessary leadership and support?
► Decentralization
► Departmentalization
► Span of control
Today the concepts of Unity of Command, Authority and Responsibility are less important
because of which of the following?
► Organizational structure
► Centralization and decentralization
► Employee’s Empowerment and Information Technology
A structure that is characterized by narrow span of management and many hierarchical
levels is:
► Tall Structure
► Flat Structure
► Matrix Structure
► Divisional Structure
Which of the following is a weakness of a simple structure?
► It relies on one person
► It is not flexible
► It is expensive
► There is unclear accountability
Which of the following is a contemporary organizational structural design?
► Functional
► Divisional
► Learning
► Simple
Which type of organizational entity is more of an organizational mind-set than a structured
design?
► Matrix
► Boundary less
► Functional
► Learning
Which of the following creates the “Dual Chain of Command?”
► Team based and Project Structure
► Functional and Simple structure
► Project and matrix Structure
► Simple and matrix Structure
An unsatisfied need creates which type of emotion?
► Anxiety
► Tension
► Drive
► Pressure
People who want to exert more power often engage in which of the following activities?
► Visionary leadership
► Reward power
► Office politics
► Charismatic training
At Sony (an electronics manufacturer) a special team was selected to work out a marketing
plan for its newest product, a voice-activated DVD player, that uses voice recognition
commands instead of control buttons. During their most recent meeting, there was a
conflict between a design manager and a marketing representative about whose
responsibility it was to draft the marketing plan. Several members of the team got into a
shouting match with one another. This team seems to be at which of the following stages of
group development?
► Conflict
► Forming
► Norming
► Storming
A specific group of accountants at an accounting firm that meets regularly to develop
better auditing procedures for the firm can be referred as which of the following?
► Task force
► Functional team
► Cross-functional team
► Virtual team
It is most appropriate to use oral communication when you have to communicate:
► A monthly report to the CEO on company performance
► An impersonal message to a group of people
► A lengthy welcoming message to a new salesperson
► A brief, time sensitive personal massage
Atif just received the news that he has received the promotion for which he has been
waiting for two years. He is ecstatic. Every communication for the rest of the day will be
affected by which of the following?
► Filtering
► Emotions
► Language
► Nonverbal cues
Which of the following is a process that involves managers from all parts of the
organization in the formulation of strategic goals?
► Strategic organizing
► Strategic management
► Strategic positioning
► Strategic planning
Which of the following is the obligation or expectation to perform a duty?
► Responsibility
► Span of control
Which one of Fayol’s 14 principles of management helps preserve the concept of a
continuous line of authority?
► Unity of demand
► Demand structure
► Continuous demand
Mr. Kamran is a manager at virtual university of Pakistan. His responsibilities include
developing a organization-wide marketing strategy that plays on the synergies between
institute’s offered Programs in order to drive increased no. of students. Kamran is a:
► Middle manager
► First-line manager
► Top manager
► Non-managerial
► European Union
Motivation is the result of interaction between which of the following?
► Efforts and situation
► Employee and manager
► Efforts and intention
► Individual and situation
Which of the following are the hygiene factors?
► Fringe benefits, recognition and motivation
► Achievement, responsibility and growth
► Friendship groups, working conditions and responsibilities
► Company policies, working conditions and salary
Which of the following is an example of body language?
► Eye contact
► Style of dress
► Facial expressions
Can individual be so much motivated that his/ her performance declines as a result of
excessive efforts ? Discuss.
Yes, in certain case its true. If a person set goals too high for himself, he may end up
Demotivating himself because of the failure to achieve the goals.
When rewards are used by organizations as payoffs for better performance, the intrinsic rewards,
which are derived from person doing what they like, are reduced.
Due to excessive efforts, person loss the control over own behavior so that pervious motivation
diminishes.
The elimination of extrinsic rewards can produce a shifting from an external to an internal
explanation in an individual’s perception of thinking that why he works on a task.
Too much motivation make person to think differentiate themselves from others by their desire
to do things better.
How can we implement Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory in our life? Discuss in detail.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is based on the assumption that people are motivated by a series of
five universal needs. These needs are ranked, according to the order in which they influence
human behavior, in hierarchical fashion.
Physiological needs are deemed to be the lowest- level needs. These needs but be fullfiled
safety needs -- the needs for shelter and security
Social needs include the need for belongingness and love
esteem needs After social needs have been satisfied, ego and esteem needs
self-actualization the need for self-realization, continuous self-development, and the process of
becoming all that a person is capable of becoming.
In daily life if we translate this theory its discusss food is basic need of human being we should
look into this basic need to motivate our wokers
Stability is equal to safety in malsow’s theory . friendship is equal to esteem in theory.
Status and achievements esteem and achievement respectively.
Above theory is used to motivate our works,. We also get guideline during our daily life. It
provide us the path to look into needs of others.
Do you think motivation comes from within a person or it is a result of the situation?
Explain in your own words.
What is motivation
Motivation is the internal condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; and energizes
and directs goal-oriented behavior
Motivation comes from within. Very few people are highly motivated at work. Most people work
at only a small fraction of their actual capabilities. Your Employer can create only motivational
environment. It is up to you to motivate yourself.
The highest levels of motivation come when we are in tune with our mind and thinking.
Self-improvement is one of the best motivators because its comes from you inner feelings.
Money Does Not Motivate. People adapt to the amount of money they are making that
motivation is short- lived. Managers often try to motivate employees via promises of financial
rewards and promotion but people likes motivators such as feeling valued and appericated.
People are motivated when they feel understood.
True motivation only comes from within an individual but it can only be started from external
factors.
XYZ Ltd is a firm which undertakes reconstruction and maintenance. The work is carried out by
teams which operate independently of each other. As a team co-coordinator, you have
investigated a number of recent customer complaints about delays. It appears that instructions
given to head office are not reaching the teams quickly or clearly enough. The team’s come away
feeling that head office lacks understanding of their work and respect for their inputs. You have
identified the problem as poor communication on many levels.
With the above stated issue explain the particular problems of upward communication in
an organization. Suggest how upward communication can be improved?
Upward communication flows from employees to managers.
• Upward communication can be used in order to keep managers aware of how employees
feel about
• their jobs, their coworkers then we must provide them proper facility to communicate with
management.
• A climate of trust, respect should be created between worker and managers.
• We should share decision making power with them.
• Listen Problems and exceptions of the team.
• Take Suggestions for improvement from team.
• Try to establish Performance reports to motivate them
• Look inot Grievances and disputes
Spring 2009 Session 3
What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?
► Increasing worker job satisfaction through consideration behavior will get leaders the best
results
► Initiating structure for employees by telling them what to do and how to do.
► The appropriate leadership style varies from one set of circumstances to another
► Effective leaders possess certain traits that are situation specific
Lack of success in identifying an effective leadership style generalize-able to all situations
led to consideration of situational factors—i.e., any particular style of leadership could be
effective depending on the situation.
Which of the following statement is NOT true for productivity?
► Productivity is a major goal in virtually every organization
► For individual companies, increased productivity means a more competitive cost structure
► Productivity is a composite of people and operations variables
► Productivity can be improved by dealing with large number of suppliers
All of the following are primary management functions EXCEPT:
► Setting goals
► Hiring employees
► Monitoring activities
► Motivating employees
► Goals Setter
► Decision Maker
► Communicator
► Initiator
1) The entrepreneur acts as an initiator, designer, and encourager of change and innovation.
The success of the business can be judged through:
► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson
Determining the tasks to be accomplished, how the tasks are to be grouped and who is
responsible for the various tasks is known as which of the following processes of
management?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling
► Top management
Henry Fayol described principles of management in the form of:
► 11 points
► 12 points
► 14 points
► 15 points
Fayol gives us 14 principles of management which are still being used
nowadays.
► Discipline
Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are
available
to fill vacancies.
The father of industrial psychology is:
► Robert Owen
► Hugo Munsterberg
► Mary parker Follett
► Max Weber
Hugo Munsterbeg (1863-1916) is considered to be the “father of industrial psychology” and is
regarded by students of psychology as an important figure
► Feed forward
► Input
► Output
► Feedback
Feedback: information about results and organizational status relative to its environment.
Which of the following styles of decision making is characterized by individuals who prefer
complete information and consider several alternatives?
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
The directive style is one that’s characterized by low tolerance for ambiguity and a rational way
of
thinking.
The intent of which of the following is to reduce uncertainty by playing out potential
situations under different specific conditions?
► Project management
► Scheduling
► Environmental analysis
► Scenario planning
The intent of scenario planning is not to try to predict the future but to reduce uncertainty by
playing out potential situations under different specified conditions
Mission Statement of Dow Chemicals is:
“To share the world’s obligation for the protection of the environment.”
► Customers
► Location
► Self concept
Concern for public image: what are the organization’s public responsibilities and what image is
desired?
Which of the following is an area in the environment that if exploited may generate high
performance for organization?
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
Which of the following is a system in which specific performance objectives are jointly
determined by subordinates and their superiors and progress towards objectives is
periodically reviewed?
► Management by objective
► Management by resources
► Management by authority
► Management by system
In Management by objectives (MBO) specific performance goals are jointly determined by
employeesand their managers, progress toward accomplishing these goals is periodically
reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress.
Most managers believe that if an MBO (program is to be successful, it must start at:
► Non-managerial level
► Top Level
► Middle level
► Lower level
The weaknesses of MBO are that it
1. Tends to falter without strong, continual commitment from top management.
A firm that stops buying supplies from other companies and begins to provide its own
supplies, has diversified through:
► Forward vertical integration
► Backward vertical integration
► Forward horizontal integration
► Backward horizontal integration
Vertical integration involves effecting growth through the production of
inputs previously provided by suppliers or through the replacement of a
customer role (Such as that of a distributor) by disposing of one’s own
outputs. 1) Backward integration occurs when a business grows by becoming
its own supplier
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have the largest share of a rapidly
growing market?
► Cash cow
► Question mark
► Star
► Dogs
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a large share of a market that are
not expected to grow substantially?
► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow
► Centralization
► Span of control
Work specialization is the degree to which the work necessary to achieve organizational goals
is broken down into various jobs.
In Work specialization the tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs. Another term
for this is division of labor.
As the number of employees in an organization grows, structure tends to become more:
► Informal
► Centralized
► Decentralized
► Specialized

The fact that managers can become experts within their industry is a function of which
kind of departmentalization?
► Product
► Functional
► Process
► Geographical
Product departmentalization - Grouping activities by product line. Tasks can also be grouped
according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the
service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a
senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line.
LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure is based
on its varied product lines which include women’s footwear, children’s footwear and men’s’
footwear.
Process departmentalization - Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or
customer flow. Because each process requires different skills, process departmentalization allows
homogenous activities to be categorized. For example, the applicants might need to go through
several departments namely validation, licensing and treasury, before receiving the driver’s
license.
The organization structure in which separate business units are grouped under a manager
who is responsible for performance, strategy and operations is called:
► Outdated structure
► A divisional structure
► Functional structure
► A simple structure
“CLEAR” shampoo introduced the first ever anti-dandruff shampoo range for men.
Through this shampoo Unilever is practicing which of the following strategies?
► Focus Strategy
► Differentiation strategy
► Cost leadership strategy
► Emergent strategy
A differentiation strategy involves attempting to develop products and services
that are viewed as unique in the industry.
What things the Organizations are doing to facilitate an effective wider span of control for
their managers?
► Decentralizing management functions

► Increasing inventory levels
► Increasing budget allowances
► Investing in employee training
A complex uncertain environment influences an organization toward which of the
following?
► Work specification
► Formalization
Organizations should move toward a decentralized structure when The environment is

increasingly uncertain
A company's "chain of command" is a part of which process?
► Span of control
► Organizational design
► Formalization
Organization design is the process of developing an organization structure. Organizational
design is the process of developing or changing an organization’s structure. It involves decisions
about six key elements: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of
control,
centralization/decentralization, and formalization. We need to take a closer look at each of these
structural elements.
While addressing the organizational design needs of the small organization which of the
following is an important consideration?
► More formalization
► More specialization
► More centralization
► Tall hierarchy of authority
A simple structure is an organizational design with low departmentalization, wide spans of
control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.
a. Its strengths are its flexibility, speed and low cost to maintain.
b. Its major drawback is that it’s most effective in small organizations
Which of the following is an internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive?
► Fad
► Desire
► Need
► Fashion
A need is an internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. An unsatisfied need
creates tension that stimulates drives within an individual. These drives generate a search
behavior to findparticular goals that, if attained, will satisfy the need and reduce the tension.
Hence motivation is the force that energizes behavior, gives direction to
Which of the following is the best description of effort?
► The level of willpower towards work
► The measure of intensity or drive
► One's ability to work
► The work required to complete a task
Effort is a measure of intensity or drive. High levels of effort are unlikely to lead to
favorable job performance unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the
organization.
Which of the following factor is more important for men than women?
► Opportunity to learn
► Flexibility
► Autonomy
► Convenient
According to Maslow, which hierarchy is in proper order from lowest to highest?
► Safety, physiological, esteem, self-actualization, social.
► Esteem, physiological, self-actualization, safety, social
► Self-actualization, physiological, social, esteem, safety
► Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization
According to Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, which of the following is NOT a
motivator?
► Recognition
► Responsibility
► Advancement
► Status
Motivator factor can only lead workers to feel satisfied and motivated.
a. Achievement
b. Responsibility
c. Work itself
d. Recognition
e. Growth and achievement
According to McClelland's three-need theory, people who are striving for personal
achievement rather than for the trappings and rewards of success have a high:
► Need for achievement
► Need for affiliation
► Need for power
► Need for sympathy
The need of achievement (nAch) is the desire to accomplish challenging tasks and achieve a
standard of excellence in one’s work.
. The need for affiliation (nAff) is the desire to maintain warm, friendly relationships with
others.
. The need for power (nPow) is the desire to influence others and control one’s environment.
While motivating Professionals which of the following is at the lowest Priority list?
► Challenging Goals
► Money and Promotion
► Appreciation letters
► Job satisfaction
Money and promotions are typically low on the motivation priority list for professionals. Job
challenge is usually ranked high as is support and the feeling that they’re working on something
important.
Which of the following is NOT an option while motivating low skilled employees?
► Clarity of goals
► Security
► High pay
► Job satisfaction http://vustudents.ning.com
Low-skilled minimum-wage workers typically have limited education and skills; offering higher
pay is usually not an option.
Visionary leaders appear to have all of the following qualities related to effectiveness in
their leadership roles EXCEPT:
► Ability to explain the vision
► Ability to express the vision
► Ability to extend the vision
► Ability to enforce the vision
Skills do visionary leaders have
a. The ability to explain the vision to others.
b. The ability to express the vision not just verbally but through behavior.
c. The ability to extend or apply the vision to different leadership contexts.
Leaders who guide or motivate their followers toward established goals by clarifying role
and task requirements are using which of the following?
► Charismatic
► Transformational
► Transactional
► Democratic-participative
Transactional leaders are leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of
established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.
Which of the following group engages in collective work that requires joint effort and
generates a positive synergy?
► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team
Work Group Processes
A. Group processes are the dynamic, inner workings of groups as they operate over a period
of time.
1. Process loss is the energy diverted from the task to develop and operate the groupitself.
2. Positive synergy is the force that results when the combined gains from group interaction (as
opposed to individuals operating alone) are greater than group process losses.
3. Negative synergy is the force that results when group process losses are greater than any
gains achieved from combining the forces of group members.
All of the following are advantages of oral communication EXCEPT:
► It is easy to use
► It is accurate
► It facilitates feedback
► It can be done with little preparation
Which of the following is the process of monitoring activities and correcting any significant
deviations?
► Controlling
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
Which of the following is NOT a formal group?
► Command groups
► Task forces
► Cross-functional teams
► Business unit alliances
A formal group is a group officially planned and created by an organization for a
specific purpose.
a. A command or functional group is a formal group consisting of a
manager and all the subordinates who report to that manager.
goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading
An organized set of behavior that is associated with particular office or position is called:
► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Function
Management Roles:
Managers fulfill a variety of roles. A role is an organized set of behaviors that is associated with
a particular office or position
Which of the following is the disadvantage of the Process departmentalization?
► Time consuming process
► Cost of Production is high
► Can be used only with certain type of products
► Duplication of functions across the departments
Which of the following are groups defined by the organization's structure, that have
designated work assignments and specific tasks?
► Formal groups
► Informal groups
► Command groups
► Interest groups
Formal groups
work groups defined by the organization’s structure that have designated work assignments
and tasks. Appropriate behaviors are defined by and directed toward organizational goals.
Informal groups : Groups that are independently formed to meet the social needs of their
members.
There are three different approaches to designing control systems. Which of the following
is used primarily in team-based or less bureaucratic types of organizations?
► Market control
► Economic control
► Bureaucratic control
► Clan control
Clan control relies on values, beliefs, traditions, corporate culture, share norms and information
relationships to regulate employee behaviors and facilitate the reaching of organizational goals.
Is organizing important for all levels of managers? Give your opinion.
ABC Ltd is a small marketing services company. You have been put in charge of a new project
team. It is the second week the team has been together, and progress on the task is frustratingly
slow. There are lots of creative ideas being put forward, but team members criticize everything
and try to put their own ideas over others. Your manager is getting concerned and asks you to
report on how the team is working.
Propose different measures for encouraging cohesion in your team.
Suppose that an organization has some distinctive competencies, how long it will retain
those competencies?
Discuss the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix and explain its usefulness in
segmenting businesses. Discuss the characteristics for each of the four categories based on
the BCG matrix..
END 12:00
Fall 2008
Value chain partners are part of which of the following component of Value Chain
Management.
► Technical investment
► Leadership
► Planning
The process of managing the entire sequence of integrated activities and information about
product flow is called:
► Total Quality Management
► Supply Chain Management
► Kaizen
► Value Chain Management
Control that prevents anticipated problems is called:
► Feed forward control
► Concurrent control
► Feedback control
► Management control
The organizational communication network that uses internet technology and allows
authorized users inside the organization to communicate with certain outsiders such as
customers or vendors is called:
► Intranet
► Extranet
► Videoconference
► E-mail
A leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority and allows
employees to have direct input into the final decision is using which of the following
leadership style?
► Laissez-faire
► Autocratic
► Democratic-consultative
Three types of leadership behavior styles were identified.
a. Autocratic leaders tend to make unilateral decisions, dictate work
methods, limit worker knowledge about goals to just the next step to be
performed, and sometimes give feedback that is punitive.
b. Democratic leaders tend to involve the group in decision making, let the
group determine work methods, make overall goals known, and use
feedback as an opportunity for helpful coaching.
c. Laissez-faire leaders generally give the group complete freedom, provide
necessary materials, participate only to answer questions, and avoid giving
feedback.
According to Fiedler, in moderately favorable situations which of the following leader
performs better?
► Structure oriented
► Position oriented
► Production oriented
► Relationship oriented
The recent survey depicts that in the opinion of employees the most powerful workplace
motivator is:
► Flextime
► Recognition
► Goals
► Salary
Which theory includes the component that employee motivation is influenced by relative as
well as absolute rewards?
► Expectancy
► Three-needs
► Goal-setting
► Equity
Equity theory recognizes that individuals are concerned with their absolute rewards as well as the
relationship of those rewards to what others receive.
hygiene factor?
► Working Conditions
► Salary
► Relationship with supervisor
► Work itself
Hygiene factors are necessary to keep workers away from feeling dissatisfied. There are several
hygiene
factors.
a. Pay
b. Working conditions
c. Supervisors
d. Company policies
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are predominantly satisfied
internally?
► Safety
► Esteem
► Physiological
► social
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from the most basic to the highest.
a. Physiological needs are basic and include needs for food, water, and
shelter.
b. Safety needs pertain to the desire to be safe, secure and free from threats
to our existence.
c. Belongingness needs involve the desire to affiliate with and be accepted
by others.
d. Esteem needs are related to the two-pronged desire to have a positive
self-image and to have our contributions valued and appreciated by
others.
e. Self-actualization needs pertain to the requirement of developing our
capabilities and reaching our full potential.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that every person has a hierarchy of:
► Four needs
► Five needs
► Three needs
► Six needs
What should a manager do while motivating employees?
► Increase wages and salaries
► Incorporate promotional opportunities
► Recognize individual differences
► Use employee-recognition program
► Anxiety
► Tension
► Drive
► Pressure
Contemporary organizational design includes all of the following EXCEPT :
► Team based structure
► Matrix structure
► Project structure
► Divisional structure
Traditional Designs includes (simple, divisional, Functional)
Contemporary Designs includes (Team, matrix, Project, Boundary less)
Which of the following is the crucial element of team structure?
► Employee empowerment
► Faster decision-making
► Inexpensive to maintain
► Clear chain of command
Description: Some of important features of Team based structure
Employees are more involved and empowered.
Reduce barrier among functional areas.
No. clear chain of command
Pressure on team to perform
Which of the following factors influence an organization towards centralization?
► Lower-level managers want a part in decision making
► Environment is complex and uncertain
► Decisions are significant
► Company is geographically dispersed
► Span of control
An organization that groups activities according to women's footwear, men's footwear,
apparel and accessories would use which of the following departmentalization?
► Product
► Customer
► Geographic
► Functional
and the disabled?
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
Which of the following is not among the three perspectives that should be considered in
preparing a business plan?
► Marketing perspective
► Perspective of the entrepreneur
► Investor perspective
► Technical perspective
References
1. Reference (page 188,189)
2. Reference

An organization's structure should facilitate which of the following?
► Necessity of departmentalization
► Achievement of goals
► Span of control
In which organizational structure employee have two managers?
► Team
► Learning
► Boundaryless
► Matrix

► Process
► Geographical
► Functional
► Product

Which of the following is a process by which individuals pursue opportunities, fulfill needs
and wants through innovation, without regard to the resources they currently control?
► Small business ownership
► Innovative Management
► Entrepreneurship
► Privatization
First step of strategic management process, the mission, answers which of the following
question?
► What business should we be in?
► What is our reason for being in business?
► Who are our customers?
► Who are our creditors?
When the hierarchy of organizational goals is clearly defined, it forms an integrated
network of goals which is called:
► Hierarchical-link chain
► Means-ends chain
► Weakest-link chain
► Level-level chain
The three levels of goals within an organization form a hierarchy of goals, with lower-level goals
forming a mean-end chain with the next level of goals.
1. Strategic goals are broadly defined targets or future end results set by top management.
2. Tactical goals are the targets or future end results usually set by middle management for
specific departments or units.
3. Operational goals are those targets or future end results set by lower management that
address specific, measurable outcomes required from the lower levels.
Safeguard is an anti-bacterial soap that provides superior longer lasting germ protection.
Through this soap Procter & Gamble is practicing which of the following strategies?
► Stability Strategy
At the first step of goal setting a manager should:
► Evaluate available resources
► Review organization’s mission
► Write down goals
► Estimate expected benefits
Which of the following is a primary benefit of MBO?
► Avoid competition
► Resistance against new entrance
► Improve employee motivation
► Increase resources
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
Which of the following strategy specifies the range of markets in which an organization will
compete?
► Scope
Few years ago Nike has problem with inconsistency of goals. The firm was producing high
quality shoes but they were not stylish. As a result company lost substantial market share.
In this situation which kind of goal was missing?
► Manufacturing goal
► Marketing goal
► Financial goal
► Operational goal
Sony has a goal to acquire a firm in the entertainment industry. The goal was realized
when Sony bought Columbia picture. It comes under which of the following?
► Strategic goal
► Tactical goal
► Personal goal
Which of the following group technique allows group members to meet together, but also
allows independent thinking?
► Groupthink
► Electronic meetings
► Brainstorming
► Nominal group technique
Many decisions fail after the final choice because of the occurrence of which of the
following?
► Decision criteria weights were incorrect
► People affected failed to accept the solution
► Satisficing occurred
► Choice was wrong
Which of the following term sometimes used to describe picking a course of action that is
satisfactory under the circumstances?
► Escalation of commitment
► Satisficing
► Risk
► Bounded rationality
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
The decision-making model consists of four styles: directive, analytic, behavioral and
_______.
► Conceptual
► Intuitive
► Group interaction
► Laggard
a. The directive style is one that’s characterized by low tolerance for ambiguity and a rational
way of
thinking.
b. The analytic style is one characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and a rational way of
thinking.
c. The conceptual style is characterized by an intuitive way of thinking and a high tolerance for
ambiguity.
d. The behavioral style is one characterized by a low tolerance for ambiguity and an intuitive
way of
thinking.
"Whenever possible, we promote from within" is an example of which of the following?
► Rule
► Procedure
► Policy
► Plan
A large chemical company not only disposes of all toxic waste properly as outlined by law,
but it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research to determine better processes for
all businesses to use in disposing of toxic wastes. This company is exhibiting which of the
following?
Which of the following approaches recognize differences among organizations and
categorizes variables that affect an organization's performance?
► Process approach
► Contingency approach
► Function approach
► System approach
Giving prestigious job titles would be one way to satisfy people’s need for :
► Esteem
► Belongingness
► Self-actualization
► Safety
“Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient” it is called:
► Authority
► Scalar chain
► Order
► 11 points
► 12 points
► 14 points
► 15 points
Which of the following functions or activities involve recruiting and placing qualified
personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives and goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading
► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Responsibility
The person who maintains network of connection outside the organization to obtain
information is called:
► Entrepreneur
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson
► Liaison
The liaison maintains a network of contacts outside the work unit to obtain information.
Ali has a job that pays him well, he desires to make a contribution to the organization, and
he has an active social life. His desire is to become all that he is capable of becoming. Ali is
at which of the following need defined by maslow?
► Safety
► Social
► Esteem
Who are responsible for setting goals? Do you think different Managers set goals, or one
manager is responsible for it?
ANS: GOAL SETTING: Goals are the desired outcomes for the individuals, groups or
organizations. The success of an organization depends on its goals and how they are achieved.
Goal setting is the responsibility of a manager. There are three managers at three different levels:
• Top manager
• Middle manager
• First Line manager
Each manager is responsible for setting goals at different level.

1. Top manager sets the strategic goals which are organization wide.
2. Middle managers set Tactical goals
3. First line managers set operational goals which are related to the operations of the
organization.
But it is important that all the goals set by managers should be in accordance to organization's
mission.
Describe the significant workplace issues that affect motivation in today's workforce.
ANS: MOTIVATION: It is the willingness to exert high levels of efforts to reach organizational
goals.
Motivation is an important aspect in today's world where competition is increasing day by day,
so there is a strong need for motivating employees in order to get best performance from them.
Inspite the importance of motivation there are various issues which affect the motivation in
today's workforce. Some of the such factors are given below:
• Inappropriate Goals: the goal itself acts as a motivator but if not set well it creates lack of
understanding in employees which results in poor performance.
• Recognition: In today's world recognition acts as a strong motivator. If a worker's
performance is good he needs to be recognized so that his performance is reinforced but
if there is lack of recognition it will de- motivate the worker.
• Salary/Pay: The basic physiological needs are satisfied by money so salary /pay plays an
important role in motivating an employee. If it is not
upto to the limit where it satisfies workers basic needs it is obvious that low salary will cause
de-motivation in employee.
• Opportunities: Everyone desires to develop their capabilities and reaching their full
potential, it can somehow be achieved by career opportunities offered by the
organization. If an organization does not allow an employee to excel in his/her career this
may lose his interest in work.
• Work Itself: The job and the working conditions if not liked by worker he will not do his
job with interest and will yield low performance.

How can a manager make the delegation process more effective? Give logical reasons to
support your answer.
ANS: DELEGATION: Delegation is the assignment of part of manager's work to others along
with responsibility and authority.
Effective Delegation: Delegation can be made effective in many ways:
· Trust: It is very important while delegating to have full trust in the subordinates. If
manger lacks trust in subordinates he will always have a threat of their failure.
· Training the subordinates: Delegation can be effectively done if subordinates know
what and how they have to do their work. For this they must be trained well.
· Manager's knowledge about delegation: While delegating manager should know
how to delegate i.e how to take work from subordinates and which tasks should be
assigned to subordinates.
the BCG matrix..
ANS: BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX: The BCG matrix was developed
by Boston Consulting Group. Its main purpose was to compare different businesses in an
organization's portfolio on the basis of market share and market growth. It helps the organization
in allocating resources to its various businesses.
Categories of BCG matrix:
The matrix defines four business groups. The SBUs plotted on BCG matrix can be classified as
follows:
• Star: Star has a high market share in a growing market.
• Cash Cow: Cash Cow is an SBU which has high market share in a slowly growing market.
• Question Mark: Have low market share in a growing market. They are the problem
creators.
• Dog: Has low market share in a low growing market.
Spring 2010

Time: 90 min
Marks: 69

Leadership role is more important for:
► Top level managers
► First line managers
► Middle level managers

All of the following are included in Fayol's fundamental principles of management
EXCEPT:
► Diversity
► Order
► Initiative
► Authority

A situation in which manager can make an accurate decision is called:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
► Factual

A manager who is deciding how to invest excess cash gets information from the bank. The
manager describes various options available for investment, each of which has a
guaranteed rate of return. This situation is called:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
► Optimal decision-making

All of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making EXCEPT:
► Alternatives are known
Possible outcomes known ►
Optimal decision is ► possible
Information ► is unknown

Tactical ►
Strategic ►
Directional ►
Operational ►

The method by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the organization is
called:
Strategy formulation ►
Strategy ► implementation
Strategy evaluation ►
Strategy imitation ►

Which stage of strategic management focuses on; “how the strategy is achieved”?
Implementation stage ►
Evaluation stage ►
Realization stage ►
Formulation ► stage

Which of the following is a document that summarizes the business strategy and
structure?
► Business plan
► Letter of credit
► Article of association
► Memorandum

Horizontal coordination links the activities of which of the following?
Same departmental level ►
From Top to bottom ►
From Bottom to top level ►
Different ► departmental level
All of the following factors are the most challenging for the managers in today’s
competitive world EXCEPT:
► Meet the market demand of products

► Motivating competitors to do work efficiently
► Facing the competition
► Environmental uncertainty

Channalized efforts are the result of which of the following?
► Right direction
► Centralization
► Proper guidance
► Good hierarchy

The statement that people will exercise self direction and self control if they are committed
to the objectives, is true about which of the following?
► Equity Theory
► ERG Theory
► Theory X
► Theory Y

To motivate professionals what point should be in consideration?
► Commitment to their field
► Job security
► Offering high pay
► Promotions

leadership style?
► Laissez-faire
► Autocratic

Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-performing team that makes the group
greater than the sum of its parts?
► A quality circle
► Group dynamics
► Synergy
► Cohesiveness

► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team

Asif's work team does its own hiring and scheduling and is even responsible for evaluating
each other's performance. Asif is part of which of the following team?
► Problem-solving
► Cross-functional
► Self-managed
► Virtual

All of the following are examples of non-verbal communication EXCEPT:
► Conference
► Body position
► The distance between two people
► The style of clothing people wear
The supplies or raw material ls needed to create a product are called:
http://vuattach.ning.com
► Outputs
► Investments
► Processes
► Inputs

What do we call the entire series of organizational work activities that add value at each
step that begin with the processing of raw materials and end with a finished product in the
hands of end users?
► Value Chain Management Operations
► Value
► Value Chain

► Responsibility
► Span of control

Aslam is a manager of a software house. He is very competitive and tries to stay ahead of
the competition. For this purpose he should provide information or services before any
other company provides. But as internet industry is a dynamic industry, he has to provide
information to his clients before it comes to market. In different situations he doesn’t know
what new trend will come in market. Aslam is operating under which of the following
conditions?
► Risk
► Bounded Rationality
► Uncertainty
► Certainty

MBO was first described by:
► Michael Porter
► Charles Babbage
► Peter Drucker
► Hugo Munsterbeg

Policies, procedures, rules and regulations are kinds of:
► Budgeting
► Single-use plans
► Standing plans
► Informal plans

Which of the following is also known as strategy analysis?
► SWOT analysis
► External analysis
► Internal analysis
► Situation analysis

Which of the following should be completed first in the strategic management process?
► Performing SWOT analysis
► Implementing strategies
► Scan the environment
► Define the organizational mission

Small companies may not have so many opportunities of promotions, so they usually try to
motivate employees through:
► Attractive packages
► High Incentives
► Turnover
► Job enlargement

Mr. Haris and Mr. Fahad are working equally but Mr. Haris is paid more than Mr.
Fahad. Mr. Haris is being------------- and Mr. Fahad is being-----------------.
► Over rewarded, under rewarded
► Under rewarded, over rewarded
► Rewarded, unrewarded
► Over rewarded, unrewarded

In many organizations individuals who have good computer skills and ability to solve
related problems can influence others because of their:
► Coercive Power
► Referent Power
► Expert Power
► Reward Power
The effectiveness of downward communication can be increased by using all of the

following approaches EXCEPT:
► By using multiple channels

► By repeating the message
► By encouraging feedback
► By distorting the message

Feed-forward, Feedback and Concurrent control are the types of control methods based
on:
► Decision making
► Market information
► Timing
► Financial resources

A universally accepted model of a successful manager could be described as:
► One who practices all the four management functions
► One who executes all of the roles in a professional manner

► One who possesses all management skills at high levels
► There is no universally accepted model of a successful manager

With the passage of time the concept of work specialization has emerged in the business
world. Which of the following skill category is influenced significantly due to this change?
► Conceptual skill
► Interpersonal skill
► Technical skill
► Human skill

Why customers are recognized as one of the major stakeholders of an organization?
► They are directly influenced by the company’s culture
► They engage their finances in the company’s offerings
► They are highly influenced by the company stock ratings
► They can impact the labor market of an organization

Which of the given role in played by Central Board of Revenue (CBR) in our environment
with respect to the operating organizations?
► Competitors
► Clients
► Labor markets
► Regulators

In order to make effective decisions, managers have to be cautious enough while allocating
the resources. Which of the given technique helps mangers in this regard?
► Environmental scanning
► Forecasting
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting

Disney World buys soft drinks from coca-cola, food from Sara Lee and paper products
from Mead. Coca-cola, Sara Lee and Mead are Disney’s:
► Competitors
► Suppliers
► Owners
► Customers

Scrutinizing the work situation for changing conditions that may signal the materialization
of a problem comes under:
► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has appointed Waqar Younis as the coach of the Pakistani
team to guide them the game tactics. On what grounds PCB has selected Waqar Younis?
► He possesses expert power
► He exercises reward power
► He occupies coercive power
► He enjoys information power

Considering the changing patterns of the business world, which of the given is considered
to be the modern motivating tool?
► High salary
► Flexi time
► Secured job
► Medical allowance

Which of the following is the best description of motivation?
► An internal drive in a specific direction
► A trait that some people have and some people don't
► A trained condition or response
► A talent that must be developed and perfected

Which one of the following is a strength of MBO?
► Overemphasis on quantitative goals
► Requires training of employees
► Clarify priorities and expectation
► Tends to falter without strong commitment

ABC Corp. has turned each of its divisions into profit centers and evaluates each division
by the percentage of total corporate profits that it generates. It uses which of the following
control?
► Accounting
► Bureaucratic
► Financial
► Sector

Which of the following best describes this statement; "The degree to which the individual
believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired
outcome"?
► Effort-performance linkage
► Performance-reward linkage
► Valence of a reward

Which of the following is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including skills,
► Scope of business
► Distinctive competency
"Cost-saving advantages from specialization" is a feature of which kind of structural
organization?
► Divisional
► Team
► Learning
► Functional

► Product
► Operational
► Geographic
► Functional

What circumstances facilitated the emergence of virtual teams?
Answer:
By cohesiveness and joining hand together circumstances facilitate the emergency of
virtual team and remove the conflicts and create interaction between the individual. Avoiding
the conflicts and compromise with the organization mission or objective

What is LMX leadership model and what are the two types of groups of subordinates
according to this model?
Answer:

Contrast the findings of four behavioral leadership theories .
Answer:
University of lowa studies: according to this theory the leader should be autocratic,democratic,
laissez fare .
The ohio state study: accoriding to this theory imitating structure and consideration that
measures leasers behavior and correlate with performance of Group
University of Michigan \: t theory a continum development and employee job centered.
Managerial Grid: concern for people and concern for production at it is two axis

What principles a top manager should consider while making an organizational chart?

Do you think managers can enhance the group performance? If yes, what factors should
be kept in mind by a manager while forming a group that can enhance the over all
performance?
Answer:
Off course a manager can enhanced the group performance by using some managerial
techniques and pursue to individual to achieve the objective as they are concerned. By
coordination, guiding and pursuing
Spring 2010
http://groups.google.com/group/vuzs Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology
Ref: Anthropology—the study of societies, which helps us learn about humans, their activities,
and differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different
countries and within different organizations.
All of the following are included in the four components of the management
process EXCEPT:
► Organizing
► Leading
► Delegating
► Planning
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) vuzs - Please choose one
Ali is a Branch Manager at Mutual Saving Bank. If he is an average middle manager,
which of the following management activities is he likely to spend the greatest amount of
time?
► Planning
► Controlling
► Leading
► Organizing
Ref: Tactical control focuses on assessing the implementation of tactical plans at departmental
levels, monitoring associated periodic results, and taking corrective action as necessary.
• Tactical control is primarily under the direction of middle managers, but top-level
managers may at times get involved.

Who studied work to eliminate inefficient hand-and-body motions?
► Henri Fayol
► Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
► Fredrick Taylor
► Henry Towne
Ref: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied work arrangements to eliminate wasteful hand and body
motions. They also experimented with the design and use of proper tools and equipment for
optimizing work performance.
All of the following are called "Classical Viewpoints" EXCEPT:
► Scientific management
► Industrial management
► Administrative management
► Bureaucratic management
Classical Viewpoint is divided into three parts:
1. Scientific management
2. Bureaucratic management
3. Administrative management
Which of the following concept suggests that organizational units may often be more
successful working together than working alone?
► Transformation
► Synergy
► Entropy
Ref: Synergy is the ability of the whole to equal more than the sum of its parts.
A form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically is
called:
► E-commerce
► E-business
► E-shopping
► E- trading
Ref: Firms such as Dell (computers), Varsity books (textbooks), and PC Flowers and Gifts
(flowers and other gifts) are engaged in e-commerce because they sell products over the Internet.
Which one is the final step in the decision-making process:
► Evaluating the decision
► Recognizing the decision
► Evaluating the alternatives
► Implementing the decision
A situation that offers a strong potential for significant organizational gain if appropriate
actions are taken is called:
► Crisis problem
Ref: Opportunities involve ideas that could be sued, rather than difficulties that must be
resolved.(Page no.42)
Competitor intelligence allows managers to do which of the following?
► React to competitor actions
► Cut cost below the competition
► Increase market diversification
► Predict competitor actions
Ref: Competitor intelligence is an environmental scanning activity that seeks to identify who
competitors are, what they are doing, and how their actions will affect the organization.(Page
no.51)
► Location
► Customers (not sure)
► Self concept
Operational plans are normally associated with which of the following organizational level?
► Global level
► Corporate level
► Business level
► Functional level
Ref: Operational goals are those targets or future end results set by lower management that
The method by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the organization is
called:
► Strategy formulation
► Strategy implementation
► Strategy evaluation
► Strategy imitation
Ref: Strategy implementation includes the various management activities that are necessary to
put the strategy in motion, institute strategic controls that monitor progress, and ultimately
achieve organizational goals
When the strength provides superior and unique customer value and is difficult to imitate
then the distinctive competence creates a sustainable:
► Competitive advantage
► Scope
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat

In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a large share of a market
that are not expected to grow substantially?
► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow
Ref: The Cash Cow has a high market share in a slowly growing market.
► Span of control
► Formalization
Ref: Organizational design is the process of developing or changing an organization’s
structure. It involves decisions about six key elements: work specialization, departmentalization,
and chain of command, span of control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization.
Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organization?
► Centralization
► High specialization
► High formalization
► Free flow of information
Ref: An organic organization is a structure that is highly adaptive and flexible with little
work
specialization, minimal formalization and little direct supervision of employees.
According to Maslow, which one of the following needs does not fit into the higher-order
needs?
► Esteem
► Physiological
► Social
Rationale: According to maslow, it is most basic or lower order need.
► Equity Theory
► ERG Theory
► Theory X
► Theory Y
Ref: Theory Y was the assumption that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can
exercise self-direction.
► Expectancy
► Three-needs
► Goal-setting
► Equity
Ref: Equity theory recognizes that individuals are concerned with their absolute rewards as well
as the relationship of those rewards to what others receive.(Page no.94)
Which of following is the?
► Group Conformity
► Group cohesiveness
► Group decision making
► Group norms
Ref: Group cohesiveness is the degree to which members are attracted to a group, are motivated
to remain in the group, and are mutually influenced by one another.(Page no.109)
Self-managing teams possess all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
► Members hire other members
► Members determine the compensation of its members
► Members have discretion in scheduling work within the team
► Members have discretion in distributing tasks within the team
Which of the following is the most cited benefit of value chain management?
► Cost savings
► Increased sales
► Inventory reductions
► Accelerated delivery times

A large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as outlined by law,
following?

If goals are ___________, it will help the employees to identify the purpose of goals and to
recognize the ways of meeting them.
► Relevant
► Time-limit
► General
► Measurable
Ref: Relevant goals enable employees to see the purpose of the goals and to devise ways of
meeting them.(Page no.61)
When we talk about an organization’s core technology, we mean organization’s:
► Less important technology
► Most important technology
► All technologies the organization is using
► Technology that is never used
Ref: Core means the center or most important part of something.
An organizational structure made up of working groups or teams is called:
► Team-based structure
Ref: One of the newer concepts in organizational design is the team-based structure, which is
an organizational structure made up of work groups or teams that performs the organization’s
work.http://vuattach.ning.com
Tall structure is more expensive because of:
► Few departments
► Lesser resources
► Fewer hierarchical levels
► More hierarchical levels
Ref: A tall structure is one that has narrow spans of management and many hierarchical
levels in an organization.
Which of the following theory directly relates the individual’s behavior with the
consequences of their actions?
► Reinforcement theory
► Goal setting theory
► Equity theory
► Expectancy theory
Ref: Reinforcement Theory is counter to goal-setting theory. It proposes that behavior is a
function of its consequences.(page no.96)
Mr. Haris and Mr. Fahad are working equally but Mr. Haris is paid more than Mr. Fahad.
Mr. Haris is being------------- and Mr. Fahad is being-----------------.
To analyze the group performance, group should be viewed as:
► System
► Feedback
► Output
► Input
XYZ Company is dealing in consumer products and operating in highly competitive
market. Company wants to assure the quality of its product by applying best suitable
control method. Which of the following control method will be suitable for XYZ Company?
► Market control
► Clan control
► None of the given options
Ref: Market controls rely on market mechanisms to regulate prices for certain goods and
services used by the organization.(Still I am not sure about the answer.)
Tax revenue is one of the significant resources of the city government, in which type of
resource category tax revenue falls?
► Human resources
► Physical resources
► Information resources
Which of the following group techniques allows group members to meet together, but also
allows independent thinking?
► Brainstorming technique
► Devil’s advocacy technique
Ref: Nominal group technique is a group decision-making technique in which group members
are physically present but operate independently. Individuals independently prepare a list of their
ideas on a problem.
Question No: 37 vuZs ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In terms of linear programming, profit margins on different products that a company can
produce represent which of the following?
► Constraints
► Feasibility regions
► Scenarios
► Objective function
The university has selected some of its faculty members to conduct the worthy researches
on variant topics. These members are also responsible for their courses in addition to this
creative task of assisting research. Which of the following is applied in the given situation?
► Job rotation
► Job enlargement
► Job enrichment
► Job specification
Job Enlargement is the horizontal expansion of a job. It involves the addition of tasks at the
same level of skill and responsibility.
Which of the given power is attained through formal hierarchy?
► Expert power
► Information power
► Charismatic power
► Referent power
Legitimate Power
The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an
organization.
Keeping distinguished features of Transformational leaders, at which hierarchical level
they mostly found in an organization?
► Bottom level
► Top level
► Middle level
► First-line level
With respect to five hierarchical needs of Marlow's theory, at which level transformational
style is more beneficial?
► Physical needs
► Safety needs
► Social needs
► Self-actualization needs
Reference: Transformational Leadership would fit into the higher levels, as it requires a high
level of authenticity, self esteem and self actualization to successfully be a Transformational
Leader http://vuattach.ning.com

Which of the following groups usually adjourns?
► Task group
► Command group
► Friendship group
► Functional group
Reference: Adjournment is more often experienced by teams put together for short-term
projects, e.g., adhoc committees and temporary task groups.
Question No: 43 ( Marks: 1 ) http://vuattach.ning.com - Please choose one
Health camps were established in Azad Jammu Kashmir as the rehabilitation program for
earthquake effecties. These camps consisted of doctors and surgeons from various fields of
specialization. Therefore health camp is an example of:
► Quality circle
► Virtual teams
► Cross- functional teams
► Management teams
Ref: cross-functional team is one in which individuals who are experts in various
specialties (or functions) work together on various organizational tasks.
Which of the following purpose is served through communication?
► Sharing information
► Conveying emotional expressions
In a growing number of organizations, the traditional team consisting of a manager and a
team that reports directly to him or her is being replaced, into __________, by giving
relative autonomy to them to form more flexible teams.
► Quality improvement teams
► Virtual teams
► Self-managing teams
Question No: 46 ( Marks: 1 ) http://vuattach.ning.com - Please choose one
XYZ Company has been dealing in crockery since the last 12 years. Company’s
performance is satisfactory and the environment appears to be constant, that’s why
company perceives no reason to change, hence falls under:
► Stability
► Diversification
► Concentration
► Direct Expansion
When public sector organizations serve in terms of varying needs of children, disabled &
adults, it is said to be adopting which kind of departmentalization?
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
Zarkoo Airlines use _________ departmentalization to arrange its activities as commercial
airplanes and military airplanes.
► Functional
► Geographic
► Customer
► Matrix
Ref: Functional structure is a type of departmentalization in which positions are grouped
according to their main functional (or specialized) area.
Describe the phenomenon in which individual group members reduce their efforts and
contributions as the group size increases.

What are the distinctive features of legitimate power?

Explain the importance of good communication.
Question No: 52 vuzs ( Marks: 5 )

In reporting relationship perspective what are the two types of organizational structures?

Z works for ABC Company. He has good working conditions with sufficient salary and
cooperative boss. But still he is not satisfied with his job. What may be the other factors in
the job that can motivate him EXCEPT these external factors?
Spring 2010
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
The traditional shape of an organization was:
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond
When the CEO of a large retail store chain decided to sell off or close some of the
stores that were not profitable, he was performing which of the following management
functions?
► Leading
► Planning
► Controlling
► Organizing
NASA shoots a rocket and then continuously observes and makes whatever course
corrections are needed to keep it on track. This process is called:
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling
Ref : Leading function refers to monitoring actions and taking corrective actions where
needed.
► Clinical
► Industrial
► Behavior
► Theoretical
Hugo Munsterbeg (1863-1916) is considered to be the “father of industrial psychology” and

is regarded by students of psychology as an important figure as Frederick Taylor is by students
of management. Munsterberg attempted to develop practical applications of psychology.
Decision making is typically described as which of the following?
► Deciding what is correct
► Putting preferences on paper
► Choosing among alternatives
► Processing information to completion
When objectives are not written down or rarely verbalized, and the planning is general and
lacks continuity, which one of the following type of planning is used?
► Formal planning
Which one of the following is a weakness of MBO?
► Coordination of goals and plans
► Foster employee motivation
► May cause overemphasis of quantitative goals.
If managers significantly change the organization's strategy, they need to modify which
part to accommodate and support the change?
► Span of control
► Goals
► Structure

► Functional
► Divisional
► Learning
► Simple
Contemporary organizational structures:
1- Team-based structures
2- Project and matrix structures
3- Autonomous Internal Units
4- The Boundary less Organization
5- Learning Organization

internally?
► Safety
► Esteem
► Physiological
► social
Ref: Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safely
needs were described as lower order and social, esteem and self-actualization as higher order
needs. The differentiation between the two orders was made on the premise that higher order
needs are satisfied internally whereas lower order needs are predominantly satisfied externally.
Self respect, achievement and recognition are the example of which type of need?
► Social
► Physiological
► Self actualization
► Esteem
Esteem needs are related to the two-pronged desire to have a positive self-image and to have our
contributions valued and appreciated by others.
► Expectancy
► Three-needs
► Goal-setting
► Equity
Which of the following is a special group presenting unique motivational challenges?
► Top management
► Professionals
► Stakeholders
► Competitors
Which of the following is a situational leadership model?
► The trait approach
► Transformational leadership
► Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid
► The path goal theory
Leaders who revitalize organizations by instilling a vision and deep sense of commitment in
their followers are referred to as which of the following types of leaders?
► Charismatic
► Autocratic
► Transactional

All of the following are the major types of barrier that limit the success of value chain
management EXCEPT:
► Required capabilities
► Organizational factors
► Cultural factors
► Technology investments
Which of the following refers to the concentration of decision authority at the top levels of
the organizational hierarchy?
► Centralization
► Formalization
A mission statement of an organization provides a unique insight to its _____________

regarding future growth.
► Employees
► Stockholders
► External group
► Customers
Ref: For external groups, mission statements help provide unique insights into an
organization’s values and future directions.(Page No.60)
Mr. A wants to earn a master's degree within two years from a native university. Which of
the following SMART objective Mr. A has missed while setting this goal?
► Time-bound
► Acceptable
► Measurable (not sure)
► Specific
Strategy formulation is the part of the strategic management process that includes all of the
following EXCEPT:
► Identifying the mission and strategic goals
► Conducting competitive analysis
► Communicating to all stakeholders
► Developing specific strategies
--------------- helps the organizations identify and develop a competitive advantage, a

significant edge over the competition in dealing with competitive forces.
► Contingency Planning
► Operations management
Which of the following level strategy is narrow in scope than business level strategy?
► Corporate level
► Regional level
► National level
Mr. A is a marketing manger of an organization where he is controlling six employees

whereas Mr. B is a production manager of the same organization and he is controlling
Fifteen employees. Mr. B is having ____________ as compare to Mr. A.
► Narrow span of control
► Wide span of control
► Central span of control
For the workers with external locus of control, manager will use which of the following
leadership style?
► Achievement-oriented
► Participative
► Supportive
► Directive
1. Ref: Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more
satisfied with a directive style.
According to Ohio State Studies, a leader will be more effective who is exhibiting;
► Low in initiating structure and low consideration
► High in initiating structure and high consideration

► Low in initiating structure and high consideration
► High in initiating structure and low consideration
Two behaviors were identified as particularly important.
a. Initiating structure is the degree to which a leader defines his or her own role and the roles of
subordinates in terms of achieving unit goals.
b. Consideration is the degree to which a leader builds mutual trust with subordinates, respects
their ideas, and shows concern for their feelings.
Which of the following is an example of informal group?
► College
► Marketing department
► Welfare committee formed in an area
► Organization
In which of the given situation probabilities are objective?
► Certain situations
► Uncertain situations
► Ambiguous situations
► Indefinite situations
In order to respond to irrational situations, which of the following style is preferred?
► Crisis decision making style
► Programmed decision making style
► Opportunity decision making style
► Non-programmed decision making style
Hospitals have well structured procedures to admit the patients, hence are:
► Structured decisions
► Programmed decisions
► Ill-structured decisions
► Non-programmed decisions
The best opinion is selected among various alternatives through voting by the participants
in a group decision making while conducting:
► Brainstorming
► Delphi
► Nominal
► Interacting
Ref: In nominal group technique steps are as under:
1-Individuals independently prepare a list of their ideas on a problem.
2-Group members present their ideas one at a time in turn, and ideas are listed for all to see.
3-Members discuss the ideas to clarify and evaluate them.
4-Individuals vote silently using a rating procedure.
Which of the given decisional tool is mostly used in the production sector?
► Queuing
► Simulation
► Decision tree
Which of the following equation represents break even point?
► Revenue = Costs
► Revenue > Costs
► Revenue < Costs

Ref: Break even is the point where no profit no loss.costs are equal to revenue.
All of the following are major elements of the mega environment, EXCEPT:
► Technology
► Economy
► Socio-cultural
► Competitor
Organizations prefer departmentalization on which of the following grounds?
► Maintain specific rules & policies overall the organization
► Facilitate decentralization within the organization
► Monitor the customers’ trend in the market
► All of the following options
► Inexpensive maintenance
Which of the following group commonly improves interpersonal communication?
► Task (not sure)
► Command
► Functional
► Friendship
A third member in a group of three individuals significantly:
► Assists in taking decisions through majority agreement
► Adds valuable suggestions and ideas than other two
► Maintains unbiased environment within group
► Helps in decreasing individualism and enhances cohesiveness
Call centers have been developed to record and put forward the customers’ complaints to:
► Problem solving teams
► Cross functional teams

► Quality circles (not sure)
► Work teams
Which of the given factor significantly differentiate ‘Teams’ from ‘Groups’?
► Teams consisted of at least 5 members, whereas group with at least 2 members
► Teams have common goal which is missing among the groups
► Teams are more synergized than groups
► Teams interact regularly while groups occasionally(not Sure)
The bureaucratic organization believes in the implementation of:
► Downward communication channel
► Upwards communication channel
► Lateral communication channel
► Diagonal communication channel
In a growing number of organizations, the traditional team consisting of a manager and a

► Virtual teams
A group phenomenon in which individual members reduce their individual efforts and
contributions as the group increases in size is called:
► Free rider tendency
► Group think
► Carryover behavior
Ref: Social Loafing.The tendency of individual group members to reduce their work effort as
groups increase in size as displayed by the inclination to "goof off" when performance is needed
in a group, miss meetings, show up late, or fail to start or complete individual tasks.It is also
known as free rider tendency.
Managers focus on problem solving whereas the focus of leader is on:
► Maintaining standards
► Inspiring the individuals

► Planning for short-term goals
► Concentrating on set instructions
In Pakistan China imported goods are relatively cheap. These companies are practicing
which of the following strategies?
► Focus Strategy
Boredom, task repetition and fatigue are three negative consequences of which of the
following organizational design process?
► Span of control
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer

► Product
► Operational
► Geographic
► Functional
Discuss different roles of a team leader?
There are four roles of team leader.

1. Liaisons with external constituencies
2. Troubleshooters
3. Conflict managers
4. Coaches
List down the unique characteristics of the activities performed in a group.
ORGANIZING, the second important function of (POLCA).
Organizing is itself an important managerial function which make it possible for managers to
achieve the defined organizational goals, and managers are the persons who make that happen
with organizing their team members their organization members it is actually , assembling
required resources to attain organizational objectives.
In short organizing is one of the major responsibility of all level of managers ( top level, middle
level, and first level) organizing have its unique importance for every level of management. And
managers cannot achieve their organizational goals without that function.
In order to enhance the effectiveness of Goal-setting theory, which measures need to be

adopted?

Interpret the term “RATER” of quality characteristics.
Spring 2010
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69

All of following are true regarding teams EXCEPT:
► Teams are more flexible than traditional departments
► Teams are less responsive to a changing environment
► Teams can serve as a source of job satisfaction
► Teams better utilize employee talents
If you get more output from a given input, you have:

► Decreased effectiveness
► Increased effectiveness
► Decreased efficiency
► Increased efficiency

Constituencies in an organization’s external environment that are affected by the
organization’s decisions and actions are called:
► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries
► Environmentalists

European Union was established in:
► February 1992
► January 1994
► July 1992
► November 1993

► Location
► Customers
► Self concept

Operational plans are normally associated with which of the following organizational
level?
► Global level
► Corporate level
► Business level

Which of the following is the set of strategic alternatives that an organization chooses
from, as it conducts business in a particular industry or market?
► Business-level strategy
► Corporate-level strategy
► Functional-level strategy
► Market-level strategy
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a very small share of a market and
are not expected to grow?
► Star
► Dogs
► Cash cow
► Question mark

When managers delegate authority, they must allocate equal:
► Responsibility
► Power
► Money
► Influence

Which of the following organization is responsible for the development of small business in
Pakistan?
► SMEDA
► BISE
► ICMA
► PCSIR

► Fad
► Desire
► Need
► Fashion

► Equity Theory
► ERG Theory
► Theory X
► Theory Y

hygiene factor?
► Salary
► Work itself

► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team

A team whose members are at different locations, who work together and solve problems
through computer-assisted exchange rather than personal, face-to-face meetings are
operating as which of the following?
► Virtual team
► Quality circle
► Self-directed team

Amir has found out that his department operates on the most popular type of control that
many other companies use. Which type of control all companies have in common?
► Feedforward
► Concurrent
► Feedback
► Indirect
Which of the following can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing
and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its
objectives?


"Employees dislike work, they are lazy, dislike responsibilities and must be coerced to
perform". Which of the following best describes this statement?
► Hygiene Factor Theory
► Resistance Theory
► Theory X
► Two factors Theory

Management of ABC Company has decided to adopt a systematic way of setting goals for
its work units and for employees so that all their activities are directly linked to achieve the
organizational goals. Management of ABC Company is following which of the following
concept?
Mr. Ali is working in XYZ Company for the last three years and since then he is
performing the same tasks. Now he wants to put his efforts in the more challenging tasks
that could increase the amount of his control and responsibilities.
What possible job practices should be added to Ali’s job?
► Job enlargement
► Job enrichment
► Job rotation
► Feedback

Honda has decided to shift towards the higher efficiency rather than sales growth. For
achieving such goal, some authorities were delegated to middle managers, which were
previously held by top management. Honda has applied which of the following concept?
► Highly centralized
► Centralization

“How long effort is maintained” relates to which of the following approach of performing
a task?
► Intensity
► Direction
► Persistence
► Motivation

All of the following are the behavioral theories EXCEPT:
► Path Goal studies
► OhioState Studies
► Michigan Studies
► Iowa Studies
Which of the following can be used as a medium of communication in the organizations?
► Manuals
► Meetings
► Face to face discussions
During a meeting Mr. A, from the quality control department was not agreeing with the
marketing manager on the issue like "how to improve the product quality ". He simply
leaves the meeting and by doing so he wants to communicate his disagreement with the
marketing manager. This is an example of:
► Non-verbal
► Verbal
► Written
► Oral

The force that results in greater combined gains/benefits through group interaction is
called:
► Positive synergy
► Negative synergy
► Individualism
► Cohesiveness

Which of the given option represents the relationship between ‘Management Science’ &
‘Operation Management’?
► Both are used interchangeably
► Operation management is an applied form of management science
► Management science is an applied form of operation management
► No relationship exists between the two

Job activities performed by workers of an organization are served as:
► Input in a system
► Transformation process
► Output offered by organization
► Feedback from the environment

In order to respond to irrational situations, which of the following style is preferred?
► Crisis decision making style
► Programmed decision making style
► Opportunity decision making style
► Non-programmed decision making style

Amir is representing his company at the local Chamber of Commerce Annual Business
Recognition luncheon. He is performing which of the following managerial role?
► Liaison
► Negotiator
► Monitor
► Figurehead

Selection of students in the admission process of university is an illustration of:

Which of the following reasoning gave emergence to the concept of non-rational models of
decision making?
► All the necessary information is not always available
► Strict rules and regulations are defined in the organizations
► Highly needed by the bureaucratic & public sector organizations

Behavioral viewpoint emphasizes the need of understanding the various factors affecting
the_______ in an organization.
► Undesired behavior
► Moral behavior
► Ethical behavior
► Human behavior
Which of the following is called an input to an organizational system?
► Employees
► Products
► Services
► Customers

Disney World buys soft drinks from coca-cola, food from Sara Lee and paper products
from Mead. Coca-cola, Sara Lee and Mead are Disney’s:
► Competitors
► Suppliers
► Owners
► Customers

The common currency used by European Union is called:
► Franc
► Franc-mark
► Pound
► Euro

In order to achieve efficiency organizations segregate tasks in terms of similarity of its
activities, the process is labeled as:
► Job specialization
► Job design
► Job description

► Expert power
► Referent power

Goal-setting theory states that “more difficult goals lead to more efforts”. Therefore goals
should be:
► Beyond the individuals capacity
► Challenging but not unattainable
► Timeless to continue the efforts in long run

Employee’s personal inclination towards goal attainment is referred as:
► Goal commitment
► Goal difficulty
► Goal acceptance
► Goal specificity

Mr. A, Mr. B, Mr. C and Mr. D are working on a project in a team. Mr. A wants to
dominate others, as he wants to become a leader and controling authority. Mr. A meets
which of the following needs?
► Need for power
► Need for success
It is essential for a team to be a:
► Formal group
► Large group
► Informal group
► Small group

Which of the following is selected by the sender and may be formal for job-related
messages or informal for personal or social messages?
► Message
► Channel
► Feedback
► Noise

Which of the following leader's behavior was identified by Researchers at Ohio State
Universities?
► Consideration and initiating structure
► Consideration and autocratic
► Autocratic style
► Charismatic skills

In Pakistan China imported goods are relatively cheap. These companies are practicing
which of the following strategies?
► Focus Strategy

Which of the following is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including skills,
Explain the physiological needs from Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Answer:
Physiological needs are basic and include needs for food, water, and shelter. Maslow took
theposition that until these needs are satisfied to the degree necessary to maintain life, other
needswill not motivate people.
Describe group think and social loafing in your own words.

What are boundryless organizations?Explain with examples.

Describe the four leadership styles that are exhibited in path-goal theory.

For what reasons organizations are inclined towards developing & implementing a strong
control system?
Spring 2010

Time: 90 min
Marks: 69

The bank of New England uses models to figure out how many teller need to be on duty at
each location at various times throughout the day. Bank is using which of the following
approaches?
► Management science
► Total quality management
► Contingency perspective

The culture of an organization is largely determined by:
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders
► The company founders

Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following
► Aggressiveness

An individual’s personal beliefs regarding what is right and wrong or good and bad is
called:
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

EU, NAFTA, FTAA and ASEAN are examples of:
► Regional trade alliances
► Foreign airlines
► Soccer teams in Europe
► New multinational corporations


► Possible outcomes known
► Optimal decision is possible
► Information is unknown

Which of the following is a variation of the electronic meeting that links media from
different locations?
► E-commerce
► E-Brainstorming

► Location
► Customers
► Self concept

Operational plans are normally associated with which of the following organizational
level?
► Global level
► Corporate level
► Business level


► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow

Which of the following organization is responsible for the development of small business in
Pakistan?
► SMEDA
► BISE
► ICMA
► PCSIR

Employees with more training and experience are able to work with less direct supervision
which is the characteristics of which of the following?
► Wide span of control and a flatter organization
► Violates Fayol’s principle of chain of command
► A highly centralized organization
► Very narrow span of control and more levels of managers

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that every person has a hierarchy of:
► Four needs
► Five needs
► Three needs
► Six needs

Which of the following theory points out that the individual has to be rewarded with
something that he or she values?
► Herzberg’s theory
► Equity theory
► McClelland’s goal setting theory

Which of the following is a major drawback of written communication?
► Lack of feedback
► Lack of precision
► Less well thought out
► Lack of verifiable permanent record

The process in which a sender manipulates information so the receiver will see it more
favorably, is called:
► Filtering
► Selective perception
► Noise
► Information overload


Amir has found out that his department operates on the most popular type of control that
many other companies use. Which type of control all companies have in common?
► Feedforward
► Concurrent
► Feedback
► Indirect

► Unity of demand

Ali always consults with his employees and uses their suggestions before making a
decision. He is demonstrating which type of leadership style?
► Directive
► Participative
► Supportive

A significant edge over the competition in dealing with competitive forces is called:
► Core Competencies
► Competitive force
► Swot analysis

Which of the following is the benefit of strategic management for the organizations?
► Direction for organization
► Supports innovation

If the environment is stable then the structure of the organization could be:
► Organic
► Divisional
► Mechanistic
► Simple

On achieving the targeted sales, Salman the marketing manager of ABC Company has
been rewarded an award of “Best employee of the year”. He is happy with this outcome as
a result of his performance, because this reward has ___________ for him.
► Equity valence value
► Negative valance value
► Less valence value
► More valence value

The president of ABC Company asks his employees to follow the rule and regulations and
all of his employees comply with his order. President influences the employees by which of
the following power?
► Referent Power
► Coercive Power
► Expert Power
► Legitimate Power

50 applicants had been interviewed for the post of financial analyst. Among these 50
people, 5 people had been short listed because they were holding diplomas of specialization
along with the degrees required. They influenced the interviewer with which of the
following powers?
► Expert Power
► Coercive Power
► Reward Power

Workers in spinning department are trying to communicate the bad working conditions to
their supervisor by saying; “machines are creating too much heat and noise and disturbing
our work”. Workers have used which of the following type of communication?
► Oral
► Written
► Non-verbal

Tendency of people to expend less effort while working in a group as compare to working
alone is called:
► Synergy
► Social Loafing
► Group Task
► Group Cohesiveness

Communication which takes place without regard to hierarchical or task requirements is
called:
► Formal
► Informal
► Official
► Ceremonial

Cognitive ability of an individual effects the decision making process in which of the
following manner?
► Can not utilize the available resources
► Can not interpret all available information
► Can not provide required financial resources
► Can not control the external situations

SWOT analysis is a technique of:
► Forecasting
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting

Group members usually do not see each other while making decisions in:
► Brainstorming
► Delphi
► Nominal
► Interacting

Which of the following behavior had dramatically influenced by Hawthorne studies?
► Informal behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior

► Employees
► Products
► Services
► Customers

Which of the following techniques relies on individual or group judgments rather than on
mathematical analysis?
► Quantitative forecasting
► Technological forecasting
► Qualitative forecasting
► Benchmark forecasting

Considering the changing patterns of the business world, which of the given is considered
to be the modern motivating tool?
► High salary
► Flexi time
► Secured job

In order to make organization more flexible and responsive through employee
participation, organization should tend towards which of the following?
► Globalization
► Widen the span of control

Which of the following is an extrinsic factor of motivation?
► Wages and salaries
► Job variety
► Sense of accomplishment

Starbuck’s ________ of opening one hundred stores per year helps everyone in the firm, in
recognizing the strong emphasis on growth.
► Goal
► Mission
► Vision
► Plan

Call centers have been developed to record and put forward the customers’ complaints to:
► Quality circles
► Work teams

Pamphlets used for the promotion of a product are the example of:
► Oral communication
► Non-verbal communication
► Written communication

In recent research on trait theory all of the following were indicators of leadership
EXCEPT:
► Extraversion
► Introversion
► Honesty
► Desire to lead

Who developed the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership?
► Fiedler
► Vroom
► House
► Hersey

Which of the following is a power that has been legitimated by the organizations?
► Responsibility
► Span of control
► Authority
► Accountability

The individuals who are working in the organizations in a capacity of generating &
supporting new ideas for the organization are called:
► Lender
► Intrepreneur
► Stakeholder
► Financer

SWOT analysis divides organizational strengths into two categories; common strength
and______.
► Chance of growth
► Core competency
► System loophole
► Competitor risk

How an organization can implement Quality & Innovation control?

Explain “Zero-loop learning” in terms of leaders & managers.
Answer:
It’s a terminology used when an organization is suffered with new problems or necessities but it
is difficult to take a corrective action. This is the time when Leaders & Managers come forward
and take this responsibility to rectify those issues. That needs strategic planning and the goals
can be achieved by proper counseling.
Describe the common types of work teams.
Answer:
The work teams can be divided into three categories and are functional, Self-managed and
Virtual.
The functional team consists of manager and some subordinates, a self-managed team has no
manager and this team is required to complete a task which facilitates a customer. The virtual
team; as it is clear from the name works virtually through a computer network. The members of
this team are far apart but can be connected though network.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of geographical departmentalization.
Answer:
a. Advantage:
The best advantage of this kind of departmentalization is that it give rise to specialization. The
employee in that particular domain is focused on one specific assignment and the leader can be
authority in that job.
b. Disadvantage:
It isolates that particular department from the other sections of the process. The department is
totally devoted to its own job instead of provided a benefit to the whole production process.
Goal Setting is a part of both Reinforcement and Expectancy theory. Do you agree or not?
Explain.
FINALTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010
Promoting team spirit within the organization is called:

► Remuneration
► Centralization
► Esprit de corps
Through technological and managerial process inputs of an organization are transformed
into:
► Output
► Feedback
► Feed forward
► Transformation
► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders
The set of processes involved in creating or determining the strategies of the organization is
called:
When the strength provides superior and unique customer value and is difficult to imitate
then the distinctive competence creates a sustainable:
► Scope
Most managers believe that if an MBO (management by objective) program is to be
successful, it must start at:
► Top Level
► Middle level
► Lower level
Which of the following is the set of strategic alternatives that an organization chooses from,
as it manages its operations simultaneously across several industries and several markets?
ABC Company continues to offer the same quality beauty products it has for the last 10 years.
The company is successful and has no current plans for change. Which of the following types
of strategies is it employing?
► Growth
► Stability
► Retrenchment
► Combination
A strategy in which an organization seeks to distinguish itself from competitors through the
quality of its products or services is called:
► Deliberate strategy
► Focus Strategy
► Team
► Learning
► Boundaryless
► Matrix
Suppose that motivated employees are in great tension. In order to relieve this tension they
should:
► Involve in entertaining STREtigy
► Remuneration
► Centralization
► Esprit de corps
In Equity theory, which of the following term is used for persons, systems or selves against
which individuals compare themselves?
► Model
► Referent
► Leader
► Professional
Which of the following is one of the seven traits associated with leadership?
► Fluency of speech
► Honesty
► Appearance
► Social class
Women tend to use which of the following leadership style?
► Autocratic
► Laissez-faire
► Dictatorial
► Democratic
Direct supervision is the best-known form of which of the following control?
► Feed forward
► Concurrent
► Feedback
► Management
Which of the following is a process that involves managers from all parts of the organization
in the formulation of strategic goals?
According to Adam Smith, the division of labor results in:
► Increased worker's motivation
► Decreased worker's specialization
► Increased worker's productivity
► Decreased worker's motivation
Which of the following terms is sometimes used to describe picking a course of action that is
satisfactory under the circumstances?
► Satisficing
► Risk
Which of the following order is correct about strategy formulation?
► Developing specific strategies, identifying the mission and strategic goals, conducting
competitive analysis
► Identifying the mission and strategic goals, conducting competitive analysis,
developing specific strategies
► Identifying the mission and strategic goals, developing specific strategies, conducting
competitive analysis
► Developing specific strategies, conducting competitive analysis, identifying the mission
and strategic goals
“What motivates us” relates to which of the following type of motivation theory?
► Content Theories of motivation
► Process theories of motivation
► Reinforcement theories of motivation
► Hawthorne studies
Mr. A is working as machine operator and he has to take precautionary measures to keep
himself safe from any injury. Which of the following needs is critical for Mr. A?
► Social
► Esteem
► Safety
Saad, a new employee has observed that one of his colleagues is being warned by the
manager on coming late. Saad decided to come on time to avoid such warning, manager has
used which of the following behavior modification method?
► Extinction
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment
► Positive reinforcement
According to Goal setting theory which of the following is important while setting the goals?
► Goal commitment
► Goal acceptance
Mr. A has been given the project of collecting data on students’ motivation from different
institutes. He is performing the tasks by putting all of his efforts because he will be given
bonus pay if he fulfills his task on time. He is influenced by which of the following powers of
his boss?
► Reward Power
► Coercive Power
► Referent Power
► Expert Power
Amir has very good communication skills and inspires his followers through his personal
appeal and confidence. Which leadership styles Amir adopts?
► Visionary
► Charismatic
► Laissez fair
The behavior that arises among individuals who have previously worked in any other groups
is called:
► Primacy
► Group behavior
Controlling function is important at which level of organizations?
► Strategic
► Tactic
► Operation
A performance measurement tool that covers four areas "financial, customer, internal
processes, and people" and that can enhance company’s performance is called:
► Benchmarking
► Cyber control system
► Non-cybernetic control system
► Balanced scorecard
In order to successfully attain the organizational targets & customer satisfaction, in which of
the following area managers have to concentrate?
► Co-ordination with subordinates & peers
► Feedback from internal & external environment
► Integrated network of departments & divisions
In order to deal against global competition which of the given approach is generally adopted
by different countries?
► Concentrate on producing cheap products
► Target the elite class of the society only
► Draft cooperation agreement with other countries
► Enhance profit margins by setting high prices
Cognitive ability of an individual effects the decision making process in which of the
following manner?
While scanning the environment, which of the given element is considered at the most, by the
organizations?
► Internal environment
► Task external environment
► Mega external environment
► Domestic environment
Which of the element of SWOT analysis is most useful in developing competitive advantage
of a firm?
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
All of the following are the characteristics of Max Weber’s ideal bureaucracy EXCEPT:
► Formalization of rules and procedures
► Impersonality in application of rules and sanctions
► Production enhancement through employee empowerment
► Specialization of labor
► Employees
► Products
► Services
► Customers
Decisions should be made after a thorough:
► Action
► Planning
► Investigation
► Proceeding
In order to make organization more flexible and responsive through employee participation,
organization should tend towards which of the following?
► Globalization
With respect to five hierarchical needs of Marlow's theory, at which level transformational
style is more beneficial?
► Physical needs
► Safety needs
► Social needs
A third member in a group of three individuals significantly:
► Assists in taking decisions through majority agreement
► Adds valuable suggestions and ideas than other two
► Maintains unbiased environment within group
► Helps in decreasing individualism and enhances cohesiveness
Organic control is best described as the controlling mechanism of:
► Learning organization
► Bureaucratic organization
► Mechanistic organization
► Centralized organization
► Task group
► Command group
Which of the given factor significantly differentiate ‘Teams’ from ‘Groups’?
► Teams consisted of at least 5 members, whereas group with at least 2 members
► Teams have common goal which is missing among the groups
► Teams are more synergized than groups
► Teams interact regularly while groups occasionally
MA. Sohail, CEO of Leads Group has to increase the salaries of marketing staff because of
high turnover, demand of more salary and lack of motivation in the marketing department.
Which of the following force created the need for change in the salary of marketing
department?
► Change in implemented technology
► Change in the regional economy
► Change in employees’ behavior
► Change in marketing strategy
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
Enlist any three powers by which leaders can affect/influence the behavior of others.
ANS:
 Increase in circle of tolerance
 Align values to the environment we can create
 Increase in references that helpful.
In which areas Market Control is implemented?
“Leadership is both process and a property”. Explain.
ANS:
Leadership is a trait which comprises of many virtues and qualities. It is a process but at the
same time having attained all the qualities of a leader, it can also be termed as a property.
Leadership is a multi-disciplined and a multi-dimensional trait which comprises of different
elements.
Places where a decision is required to be taken may require a leadership process to reach a
specific decision. But at times when there are individuals who look forward and join an
individual since they think that he is the one who will assist them in achieving their goals
would be termed as a property. Corporations and businesses want to acquire such managers
who have the charisma to make people follow them blindly. In such cases leadership becomes
a property
How would your differentiate Job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment?
In job enlargement as the name shows, the span of responsibilities is more wider with several
tasks which makes the job more challenging, where the worker get more work load which
decease the efficiency.
In job rotation worker are being shifted through a set of jobs in a planned manner, and as
compare to job enlargement here tasks are esy and responsibilities are not so heavy. And the
basic aim is not make the job challenging but to develop and train the employ.
job enrichment is the upgrading of job task mix the reason to do so is to increase growth
potential , responsibilities and achievement’s.
For
what reasons organizations are inclined towards developing & implementing a strong control
system?
ANS:
An organization is only successful when it has a good control system. Controlling is one of the
major management functions. A good control system would not only include a good
monitoring system but at the same time it would have the inbuilt system to rectify any faults at
any stage of the production process. The reasons the organizations are inclined towards
developing and implementing a strong control system can be elicited as under:
• To develop and maintain standards
• To have a regular check on the standards so that they are not compromised
• Recognize good performances and give recognition to the deserving individuals.
• Take corrective action where it is felt that the standards have not been met and there was
a weakness or a weak link was observed
• Keep on revising the standards as per requirement to retain a competitive advantage
• The good control system would also incorporate any weaknesses of the top management
and highlight the measures to be taken by them.
Created By: Bilal Farooq

1|[email protected]
Oct. 7
Fall 2008
Which of the following statement shows the starting point in strategic management
process?
_ Analyzing current mission, strategies and objectives (Correct)
_ Identifying opportunities and threats
_ Conducting an environmental scan
_ Identifying opportunities and weaknesses
The supplies or raw materials needed to create a product are called:
_ Outputs
_ Investments
_ Processes
_ Inputs (Correct)
To maximize the speed of communication, managers should use which of the following
networks?
_ Social
_ Neural
_ Chain
_ Wheel
Which of the following is selected by the source and may be formal for job-related
messages or informal for personal or social messages?
_Message
_Channel
_Feedback
_Noise
Tone of voice, posture and nonverbal facial expressions are examples of which of the
following?
_ Body language (Correct)
2|[email protected]
Oct. 7
_ Feelings
_ Formal communication
_ Informal Communication
_ It is easy to use
_ It is accurate (Oral)
_ It facilitates feedback
_ It can be done with little preparation
Which of the following leaders provide vision and sense of mission, instill pride and
gain the respect and trust of their followers?
_ Transactional
_ Charismatic
_ Supportive
_ Directive
Women tend to use which of the following leadership style?
_ Autocratic
_ Laissez-faire
_ Dictatorial
_ Democratic (Correct)
leadership style?
_ Democratic-participative
_ Laissez-faire
_ Autocratic
_ Democratic-consultative
motivator?
_ Recognition
_ Responsibility
_ Advancement
_ Status (Correct)
3|[email protected]
Oct. 7
"Employees dislike work, they are lazy, dislike responsibilities and must be coerced to
perform". Which of the following best describes this statement?
_ Hygiene Factor Theory
_ Resistance theory
_ Theory X (Correct)
_ Two factors theory
internally?
_ Safety
_ Esteem (Correct)
_ Physiological
_ social
_ Increase wages and salaries
_ Incorporate promotional opportunities
_ Recognize individual differences (Correct)
_ Use employee-recognition program
_ Opportunity to learn
_ Flexibility
_ Autonomy (Correct)
_ Convenient
_ Meet the market demand of products
_ Motivating competitors to do work efficiently
_ Facing the competition
_ Environmental uncertainty (Correct)
Which of the following organization has a limitless span of control?
_ Learning (Correct)
4|[email protected]
Oct. 7
_ Boundaryless
_ Team
_ Matrix
levels is:
_ Tall Structure (correct)
_ Flat Structure
_ Matrix Structure
_ Divisional Structure
A company would have a characteristic of a mechanistic organization if:
_ It contained cross-functional teams
_ It had narrow spans of control (Correct)
_ There is low formalization
_ There is a free flow of information
Which of the following processes allows lower level employees to be involved in
decision-making?
_ Departmentalization
_ Unity of command
_ Span of control
_ Decentralization (Correct)
Identify the organizational design process which has a potential weakness that,
managers will not be able to provide necessary leadership and support?
_ Span of control
_ Decentralization (Correct)
_ Departmentalization
_ Chain of command
An organization that wants to be more responsive to changes in its environment,
especially to customers, is likely to have which kind of organization structure?
_ Decentralized
5|[email protected]
Oct. 7
_ Very formal and rule oriented
_ Highly centralized
_ Mechanistic (Correct)
Employees with more training and experience are able to work with less direct
supervision which is the characteristics of which of the following?
_ Wide span of control and a flatter organization
_ Violates Fayol’s principle of chain of command
_ A highly centralized organization
_ Very narrow span of control and more levels of managers (Correct)
Explicit job descriptions and clearly defined procedures are part of which of the
following organizational design process?
_ Formalized (Correct)
_ Process
_ Centralized
_ Functional
The accounting department in an organization is an example of which of the following?
_ Product departmentalization
_ Customer departmentalization
_ Functional departmentalization (Correct)
_ Geographical departmentalization
_ Dogs
_ Question mark
_ Star
_ Cash cow (Correct)
6|[email protected]
Oct. 7
A strategy in which an organization seeks to distinguish itself from competitors through
the quality of its products or services is called:
_ Deliberate strategy
_ Differentiation strategy
_ Emergent strategy
_ Focus Strategy (Correct)
company's resources into his business. This is an example of which of the following
types of strategies?
_ Merger
_ Stability
_ Retrenchment
_ Acquisition (Correct)
_ Overemphasis of quantitative goals
_ Requires training of employees (Correct)
_ Clarify priorities and expectation
_ Tends to falter without strong commitment
Most managers believe that if an MBO (management by objective) program is to be
successful, it must start at:
_ Non-managerial level
_ Top Level
_ Middle level (Correct)
_ Lower level
Organizations that exploit their distinctive competencies often attain above normal
economic performance and obtain which of the following?
_ Distinctive competencies
_ Common strength
_ Competitive edge (Correct)
_ Competitive parity
7|[email protected]
Oct. 7
Which of the following is a strategy that promotes a superior alignment between the
organization and its environment and the achievement of strategic goals?
_ Effective strategy
_ Scope
_ Emergent strategy (Correct)
_ Deliberate strategy
Sony Recently set a goal of reducing its reliance on the consumer electronics market.
Manager believes that the volatile nature of market made reliance too risky. It comes
under which of the following goals?
_ Strategic goal (Correct)
_ Operational goal
_ Tactical goal
_ Personal goal
Mission Statement of Hoover Universal Inc is:
“Hoover universal is a diversified multi-industry corporation with strong manufacturing
capabilities, entrepreneurial policies and individual business unit autonomy”
_ Customers
_ Location
_ Self concept
_ Desired public image (Correct)
_ React to competitor actions
_ Cut cost below the competition
_ Increase market diversification (correct)
_ Predict competitor actions
Tactical and strategic plans differ in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
_ Time frame
_ Scope
_ Known set of organizational objectives
_ Environmental effects (correct)
8|[email protected]
Oct. 7
A single use plan of less scope and complexity which may be a part of broader program
or may be a self contained plan is called:
_ A Program
_ A project (Correct)
_ A policy
_ A rule
When a manager evaluates alternatives, selects it and then goes on to other problems
without considering the remaining rational alternatives, it is known as:
_ Optimizing
_ Satisficing
_ Bounded Rationality (Correct)
_ Rational decision-making
Suppose you need a subject to take in order to graduate. There are five different
courses you could take. You call one friend and on the basis of her excellent experiences
in mathmatics, you choose it. Which of the following would best describe this situation?
_ Bounded rationality
_ Unbounded rationality
_ Escalation of commitment
_ Rational decision-making (Correct)
_ Rule (Correct)
_ Procedure
_ Policy
_ Plan
"Whenever possible, we promote from within" is an example of which of the following?
_ Rule
9|[email protected]
Oct. 7
_ Procedure (Correct)
_ Policy
_ Plan
Once a manager has identified a problem, the next step would be the identification of:
_ Discrepancies (Correct)
_ Decision criteria
_ Scenarios
_ Factor weights
In decision making process, ideas should be evaluated on the basis of:
_ Acceptability (Correct)
_ Durability
_ Accountability
_ Liability
_ Alternatives are known
_ Possible outcomes known
_ Optimal decision is possible
_ Information is unknown (Correct)
The choice of alternative is influenced by the limited amount of information available
to the decision maker and by the psychological orientation of the decision maker under
the conditions of:
_ Certainty
_ Uncertainty
_ Risk
_ Intuition (Correct)
All of the following are Dimensions of organizational culture EXCEPT:
_ Innovation
10 | P a g e b i l a l . z a h e e m @ y a h o o . c o m
Oct. 7
_ Aggressiveness
_ Stability
_ Customer orientation (Correct)
Which of the following is called an input to a system?
_ Human (correct)
_ Products
_ Services
_ Employee behavior
Group of studies that was conducted at Western Electric's during 1920 and 1930 are
called:
_ Social studies
_ Moral studies
_ Ethical studies
_ Hawthorne studies (Correct)
Which of the following is NOT one of Fredrick Taylor's four principles of management?
_ Avoid cooperation with workers (Correct)
_ Scientifically select and then train workers
_ Divide work and responsibility
_ Study tasks scientifically and develop best method to perform it
Which of the following theory describes that effective group performance depends on
the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with employees and the
degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader?
_ Fiedler's contingency model
_ Path-goal theory (Correct)
_ Hersey and Blanchard's model
_ The Ohio State studies
Oct. 7
A leader who emphasizes the technical aspects of the job and is concerned with
accomplishing the group's tasks is said to be _____ according to the University of
Michigan studies.
_ Employee-oriented
_ Initiating
_ Considerate
_ Production-oriented
List and explain the barriers to effective communication.
Answer:
Filtering is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more
favorable to the receiver. For example, as information is communicated up
through the organizational levels, it’s condensed and synthesized, and those doing
the condensing filter communication through their personal interests and
perceptions of what are important.
Selective perception is when people selectively understand what they see or hear
on the basis of their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
Emotions control how a recipient understands a message when it is received. It’s
best to avoid Reacting to a message when the receiver is upset because he/she is
not likely to be thinking clearly.
Information overload happens when the information we have to work with
exceeds our
Processing. Receivers tend to select out, ignore, or forget information when they
have too much information. or, receivers may put off further processing until the
overload situation is over—still ineffective communication.
Defensiveness—engaging in behaviors such as verbally attacking others, making
sarcastic remarks, being overly judgmental, and questioning others’ motives.
Language—words mean different things to different people. Age, education, and
cultural background can influence language use and definition given to words.
Jargon is specialized terminology or technical language that members of a group
use to communicate among themselves.
National culture can affect the way a manager chooses to communicate.
Describe the significant workplace issues that affect motivation in today's workforce.
Explain the emerging issues in organization design.
Oct. 7
Answer:
Following points can be considered as emerging issues in today’s managerial structure
or designs.
Team-based structures: One of the newer concepts in organizational design in
which structure made up of work groups or teams that performs the organization’s
work.
Matrix organization assigns specialists from different functional departments to
work on one or more projects being led by project managers.
Project structure, is a structure in which employees are permanently assigned to
projects.
Autonomous Internal Units: Some large organizations have started adopting this
structure. It is a design in which there are independent, autonomous decentralized
business units, each with its own products, clients, competitors, and profit goals.
The Boundary less Organization: Another approach to organizational design. It
describes an organization whose design is not classified by, or limited to the
horizontal, vertical, or external borders imposed by a predefined configuration.
Learning Organization: An organization that facilitate the life long learning and
growth of its workforce while renovating itself to react to changing demands and
needs of market.
Suppose you are a manager in 'Unilever Pakistan' and you have been assigned the task
of conducting SWOT analysis of 'Unilever Pakistan'. What could be your findings after
completing this task?
Answer:
The SWOT analysis involves assessing organization
(S) Strengths is an internal characteristic that has the possibility of improving the
organization’s competitive state of affairs.
(W) Weaknesses is an inner quality that leaves the organization potentially at risk to
tactical moves by rivals.
(O) Opportunities is an ecological condition that offers momentous prospects for
improving an organization’s situation comparative to rivals.
(T) Threats is an ecological condition that offers momentous prospects for undermining
an organization’s competitive state of affairs.
Now, Uniliver Pakistan’s findings as under.
Oct. 7
Uniliver Pakistan’s one of the major strength is its multinational presence, Aggressive
Marketing, Chain of command, Managerial structure.
Weakness is that chain of command is not clear among employees. Individuals are trying
to give individual performances instead of doing in a team work. Where as the rivals have
an edge in this field and that can put behind Unilivers presence in the market.
Uniliver is always very aggressive in encashing opportunities available in the market.
Rivals new marketing strategy is a big threat to Unilivers presence in the market. They can
come up with these threats by improving environmental conditions.
Spring 2010
Ref No: 1707668
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
Student Info
StudentID: MC100200722
Center: OPKST
ExamDate: 20 Aug 2010
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Leadership role is more important for:
► Top level managers
► First line managers
► Middle level managers
All of the following are included in Fayol's fundamental principles of
management EXCEPT:
► Diversity
► Order
► Initiative
► Authority
A situation in which manager can make an accurate decision is called:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
► Factual
A manager who is deciding how to invest excess cash gets information
from the bank. The manager describes various options available for
investment, each of which has a guaranteed rate of return. This situation is
called:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
► Optimal decision-making
All of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making
EXCEPT:
►Alternatives are known
►Possible outcomes known
►Optimal decision is possible
►Information is unknown
Plans which have the broadest organizational focus and the longest time
frame are called:
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►Tactical
►Strategic
►Directional
►Operational
The method by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the
organization is called:
►Strategy formulation
►Strategy implementation
►Strategy evaluation
►Strategy imitation
Which stage of strategic management focuses on; “how the strategy is
achieved”?
►Implementation stage
►Evaluation stage
►Realization stage
►Formulation stage
Which of the following is a document that summarizes the business
strategy and structure?
►Business plan
►Letter of credit
►Article of association
►Memorandum
Horizontal coordination links the activities of which of the following?
►Same departmental level
►From Top to bottom
►From Bottom to top level
►Different departmental level
All of the following factors are the most challenging for the managers in
today’s competitive world EXCEPT:
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Channalized efforts are the result of which of the following?
► Right direction
► Centralization
► Proper guidance
► Good hierarchy
The statement that people will exercise self direction and self control if
they are committed to the objectives, is true about which of the following?
► Equity Theory
► ERG Theory
► Theory X
► Theory Y
To motivate professionals what point should be in consideration?
► Commitment to their field
► Job security
► Offering high pay
► Promotions
A leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority
and allows employees to have direct input into the final decision is using
which of the following leadership style?
► Laissez-faire
► Autocratic
Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-performing team that
makes the group greater than the sum of its parts?
► A quality circle
► Group dynamics
► Synergy
► Cohesiveness
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Which of the following group engages in collective work that requires joint
effort and generates a positive synergy?
► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team
Asif's work team does its own hiring and scheduling and is even
responsible for evaluating each other's performance. Asif is part of which
of the following team?
► Problem-solving
► Cross-functional
► Self-managed
► Virtual
All of the following are examples of non-verbal communication EXCEPT:
► Conference
► Body position
► The distance between two people
► The style of clothing people wear
The supplies or raw material ls needed to create a product are called:
► Outputs
► Investments
► Processes
► Inputs
What do we call the entire series of organizational work activities that add
value at each step that begin with the processing of raw materials and end
with a finished product in the hands of end users?
► Value
► Value Chain
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► Responsibility
► Span of control
Aslam is a manager of a software house. He is very competitive and tries
to stay ahead of the competition. For this purpose he should provide
information or services before any other company provides. But as internet
industry is a dynamic industry, he has to provide information to his clients
before it comes to market. In different situations he doesn’t know what new
trend will come in market. Aslam is operating under which of the following
conditions?
► Risk
► Bounded Rationality
► Uncertainty
► Certainty
► Michael Porter
► Charles Babbage
► Peter Drucker
► Hugo Munsterbeg
► Budgeting
► Standing plans
► Informal plans
Which of the following is also known as strategy analysis?
► SWOT analysis
► External analysis
► Internal analysis
► Situation analysis
Which of the following should be completed first in the strategic
management process?
► Performing SWOT analysis
► Implementing strategies
► Scan the environment
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► Define the organizational mission
Small companies may not have so many opportunities of promotions, so
they usually try to motivate employees through:
► High Incentives
► Turnover
► Job enlargement
Mr. Haris and Mr. Fahad are working equally but Mr. Haris is paid more
than Mr. Fahad. Mr. Haris is being------------- and Mr. Fahad is being-------------
----.
In many organizations individuals who have good computer skills and
ability to solve related problems can influence others because of their:
► Coercive Power
► Referent Power
► Expert Power
► Reward Power
The effectiveness of downward communication can be increased by using
all of the following approaches EXCEPT:
Feed-forward, Feedback and Concurrent control are the types of control
methods based on:
► Decision making
► Market information
► Timing
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A universally accepted model of a successful manager could be described
as:
With the passage of time the concept of work specialization has emerged
in the business world. Which of the following skill category is influenced
significantly due to this change?
► Conceptual skill
► Interpersonal skill
► Technical skill
► Human skill
Why customers are recognized as one of the major stakeholders of an
organization?
► They are directly influenced by the company’s culture
► They engage their finances in the company’s offerings
► They are highly influenced by the company stock ratings
► They can impact the labor market of an organization
Which of the given role in played by Central Board of Revenue (CBR) in
our environment with respect to the operating organizations?
► Competitors
► Clients
► Labor markets
► Regulators
In order to make effective decisions, managers have to be cautious
enough while allocating the resources. Which of the given technique helps
mangers in this regard?
► Forecasting
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting
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Disney World buys soft drinks from coca-cola, food from Sara Lee and
paper products from Mead. Coca-cola, Sara Lee and Mead are Disney’s:
► Competitors
► Suppliers
► Owners
► Customers
Scrutinizing the work situation for changing conditions that may signal the
materialization of a problem comes under:
► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage
Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has appointed Waqar Younis as the coach of
the Pakistani team to guide them the game tactics. On what grounds PCB
has selected Waqar Younis?
► He possesses expert power
► He exercises reward power
► He occupies coercive power
► He enjoys information power
Considering the changing patterns of the business world, which of the
given is considered to be the modern motivating tool?
► High salary
► Flexi time
► Secured job
Which of the following is the best description of motivation?
► An internal drive in a specific direction
► A trait that some people have and some people don't
► A trained condition or response
► A talent that must be developed and perfected
► Overemphasis on quantitative goals
► Requires training of employees
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► Tends to falter without strong commitment
ABC Corp. has turned each of its divisions into profit centers and
evaluates each division by the percentage of total corporate profits that it
generates. It uses which of the following control?
► Accounting
► Bureaucratic
► Financial
► Sector
Which of the following best describes this statement; "The degree to
which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is
instrumental in attaining the desired outcome"?
► Effort-performance linkage
► Performance-reward linkage
► Valence of a reward
Which of the following is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities
including skills, technologies or resources that distinguish a firm from its
competitors?
"Cost-saving advantages from specialization" is a feature of which kind of
structural organization?
► Divisional
► Team
► Learning
► Functional
An organization that groups activities according to women's footwear,
men's footwear, apparel and accessories would use which of the following
departmentalization?
► Product
► Operational
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► Geographic
► Functional
What circumstances facilitated the emergence of virtual teams?
Answer:
By cohesiveness and joining hand together circumstances facilitate the
emergency of virtual team and remove the conflicts and create interaction
between the individual. Avoiding the conflicts and compromise with the
organization mission or objective
What is LMX leadership model and what are the two types of groups of
subordinates according to this model?
Answer:
Contrast the findings of four behavioral leadership theories .
Answer:
University of lowa studies: according to this theory the leader should be
autocratic,democratic, laissez fare .
The ohio state study: accoriding to this theory imitating structure and
consideration that measures leasers behavior and correlate with performance of
Group
University of Michigan \: t theory a continum development and employee job
centered.
Managerial Grid: concern for people and concern for production at it is two axis
What principles a top manager should consider while making an
organizational chart?
Do you think managers can enhance the group performance? If yes, what
factors should be kept in mind by a manager while forming a group that
can enhance the over all performance?
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Answer:
Off course a manager can enhanced the group performance by using some
managerial techniques and pursue to individual to achieve the objective as they
are concerned. By coordination, guiding and pursuing
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MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No: 1470875
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
Student Info
StudentID:
Center: OPKST
ExamDate: 5/26/2010 12:00:00 AM
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Which of the following is NOT one of Fredrick Taylor's four principles of
management?
► Avoid cooperation with workers
► Scientifically select and then train workers
► Divide work and responsibility
► Study tasks scientifically and develop best method to perform it
Representatives from each firm meet regularly to coordinate this new venture.
Which of the following roles these mangers are playing?
► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson
Ali is a Branch Manager at Mutual Saving Bank. If he is an average middle
manager, which of the following management activities is he likely to spend the
greatest amount of time
► Planning
► Controlling
► Leading
► Organizing
Which of the following acts as an unambiguous measure of the effectiveness of a
business organization?
► Efficiency
► Employee satisfaction
► Increased revenues
► Profits
Manager's interpersonal skills are known as:
► Understand and motivate others
► Coordinate interests and abilities
► Use necessary tools and procedures
► Establish the right connections
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The managerial functions according to Fayol were :
► Organizing, staffing, commanding, coordinating and controlling
► Commanding, organizing, planning, coordinating and staffing
► Controlling, commanding, organizing, planning and leading
► Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling
According to Maslow's hierarchy of need, a healthy work environment is an
example of which of the following need
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social
Which of the following management perspective focuses on decision making,
economic effectiveness, mathematical models and use of computers?
► Knowledge management
► Marketing management
► Quantitative management
Daimler- Benz, an automobile manufacturer use realistic computer simulations to
study collision damage to cars. These simulations give them precise information and
avoid the costs of crashing so many test cars. Which of the following approach of
management is helping them in reducing their cost?
Mega environment is also called:
► Open environment
► Close environment
► Flexible environment
► General environment
Environment made up of specific outside elements within which an organization
interfaces in the course of conducting its business is called:
► External environment
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► The task environment
► The mega environment
associated demographic trends that are characteristics of a given geographic area, is
called:
The belief that a firm's obligation goes beyond that required by law and
economics, and includes a pursuit of long-term goals that are good for society is
known as:
► Ethical responsibility
A choice made from two or more alternatives is called:
► Support
► System
► Network
► Decision
Most of the time lower level management of organizations have to deal with
problems which are:
► Satisficing
► Well-structured
► Non-programmed
► Ill-structured
Many decisions fail after the final choice because of the occurrence of which of the
following?
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When an organization encounters a serious problem which needs to be solved
immediately, it is called:
► Crisis problem
As managers move toward the organizational hierarchy, problems are more likely
to become which of the following?
► Well-structured
► Ill-structured
► Programmed
► Non-programmed
Usman authorized an additional $100,000 for the production of the new product.
The cost of the new product seems to be increased far beyond what was planned or
even forecasted. However, Usman continues to support the project. He is engaged in
► Availability heuristic
► Representative heuristic
► Optimal decision making
Which of the following refers to the concentration of decision authority at the top
levels of the organizational hierarchy?
► Centralization
► Formalization
In which of the following conditions forecasting is considered to be the most
accurate?
► Try to predict non-seasonal events
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► Complex forecasting methods are used
► The environment is rapidly changing
► More people are involved in the process
Which of the given element of an organization is supposed to perform to achieve the
organizational goals?
► Government
► Customers
► Shareholders
► Workforce
Which of the following is the important point of Deming’s' philosophy?
► Achievement of Goals
► Well defined purpose
► Reduction of resource wastage
It was estimated by the chief engineer that the bridge will be accomplished within 3
years, whereas, the construction of bridge was completed at the end of year 2.
Therefore, the construction of bridge is labeled as:
► Effective plan
► Targeted accomplishment
► Efficient completion
► Controlled resources
Increased importance of TQM gave emergence to the concept of employee
empowerment that has made the ________ skill category mandatory for all
managerial levels.
► Conceptual
► Interpersonal
► Technical
► Human
‘Break-even Analysis’ is a means of earning profitable operations of the business
through concrete calculations. Therefore, it falls under:
► Behavioral management
► Operation management
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Which of the following management style is based on the universal perspective of
management that describes one best approach to be adopted?
► Classical management
► Behavioral management
► Quantitative management
How suppliers can generally influence the organizational activities?
► Impose environmental constraints
► Compel tariffs on the final goods
► Enforce use of specific technology
► Slow down the production process
Selection of students in the admission process of university is an illustration of:
In order to identify the most efficient path for execution of activities, managers use:
► Linear programming
► PERT chart
► GANTT chart
► Scenario analysis
Which of the resource allocation technique gives more emphasis to allotment of
time?
► Budgeting
► Scheduling
► Break even analysis
► Linear programming
All of the following are the parts of organization’s external environment, EXCEPT:
► Organizational cultures
► Target customers
► Company competitors
► Performance regulators
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WTO appears to play an important role in monitoring and promoting:
► Provincial trade
► Global trade
► Regional trade
► National trade
Which of the following is the basic rule of brainstorming?
► Criticism is not allowed
► Ideas should be radical
► Improvement of ideas is encouraged
► Involvement of experts is mandatory
Explain the possible risks associated with Budgeting.
Risks
1. Interest Rates :-
The Council has no current long term debts but significant investments. Changes in
interest rates can have a significant effect on interest income. However much of the
interest income is credited to the HRA and there is usually an offsetting change to
housing subsidy
2. Pension Fund :-
The Council contributes to the Essex County Local Government pension fund.
3. Changes in specific grant income :-
The Council receives large sums each year in specific grants, eg £25m for housing and
council tax benefit. The risk is that changes in Government rules or an inadvertent failure
to comply with grant conditions might result in a significant loss of income
4. Fraud :-
Major fraud might cause significant financial loss to the Council as well as weakening
public confidence
5. Insolvency of Counterparties :-
The Council might suffer losses in the event of the insolvency of major partners or
commercial suppliers. This is a particular risk in relation to investment transections.
6. Changes to Housing Subsidy :-
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The Housing Revenue Account (HRA) makes a net payment of ‘subsidy’ to the
Government. However changes in subsidy rules could increase this payment and worsen
the financial position of the HRA (equally changes could benefit the HRA)
Identify the major elements of mega environment which effect an organization.
Elements of the Mega Environment
There are many external elements that can negatively affect a business, such as increased
competition, rapidly changing technology and economic fluctuations. Within these
elements, you will find, among other things, foreign competition, capital markets
movements, legal contrasts and non-responsive political solutions. A change in an
external uncontrollable element will be felt by all businesses in an industry, but the
impact these changes have on a specific business depends on the strength and stability of
the management team.
A major problem with predicting the movement of uncontrollable elements is their
interaction with each other. External elements are closely interrelated, and consequently,
anything affecting one element can have a secondary effect on another element. For
example, a cultural/social change in our society can result in a legal/political change.
These adjustments can affect our economic environment, which can lead to changes in
technological developments. The development of technology, in turn, can affect the level
of competition. These interactions prove circular when you realize the status of
competition then affects our economy, culture and society. (See Exhibit 3.) Many
managers do not realize that they can plan for changes in the external environment to
safeguard their businesses. Foresight is essential in order to adapt to changes in the
external environment. For example, consider a company that thrives on the sale of a
single line of computer software. If this company does not begin developing new
products or improve its existing product, it will quickly be shut out by the competition.
Producing single or narrow-lined products with no concentration on new product
development severely limits a business's ability to compete. This is true especially when
external changes, such as technological discoveries, inspire competitors to improve
existing products or to create newer, more effective ones.
Managers can safeguard their businesses by planning for external changes. Consider the
tobacco companies as an example. They have known for many years about the external
changes affecting their industry. They have been affected by cultural/social and
legal/political changes for the last several decades.They developed new products, such as
smokeless tobaccos, to offset their declining product sales
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Why organizational management favors group-decision making over decisions by
individuals?
Human performance in decision making terms has been the subject of active research
from several perspectives. From a psychological perspective, it is necessary to examine
individual decisions in the context of a set of needs, preferences an individual has and
values they seek. From a cognitive perspective, the decision making process must be
regarded as a continuous process integrated in the interaction with the environment. From
a normative perspective, the analysis of individual decisions is concerned with the logic
of decision making and rationality and the invariant choice it leads to.[2]
Yet, at another level, it might be regarded as a problem solving activity which is
terminated when a satisfactory solution is found. Therefore, decision making is a
reasoning or emotional process which can be rational or irrational, can be based on
explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions.
Logical decision making is an important part of all science-based professions, where
specialists apply their knowledge in a given area to making informed decisions. For
example, medical decision making often involves making a diagnosis and selecting an
appropriate treatment. Some research using naturalistic methods shows, however, that in
situations with higher time pressure, higher stakes, or increased ambiguities, experts use
intuitive decision making rather than structured approaches, following a recognition
primed decision approach to fit a set of indicators into the expert's experience and
immediately arrive at a satisfactory course of action without weighing alternatives.
Recent robust decision efforts have formally integrated uncertainty into the decision
making process.
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Spring 2010
MGT503- Principles of Management
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
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Which of the following is most important in order to improve the quality?
► Proper Communication
► Division of Labor
► Centralization
Task environment is also called:
► Specific environment
► Goal orientated environment
A plant manager of an organization, who is trying to reduce turnover of production
workers, notices that turnover has decreased by 10 percent in four months after he
introduced a new training program, the manager is at which step in the rational
decision-making process?
► Identify the problem
► Evaluate the decision criteria
► Analyze the alternatives
► Evaluate the results
“We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to mothers and
all others who use our products”
► Location
► Customers
► Self concept
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The need for such factors as status, recognition, attention, self-respect, autonomy,
and achievement are examples of which of the following needs according to
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Social
Leaders who revitalize organizations by instilling a vision and deep sense of
commitment in their followers are referred to as which of the following types of
leaders?
► Charismatic
► Autocratic
► Transactional
Which of the following is the last step in the control process?
► Establish standards
► Determine the need for corrective action
► Compare performance against standards
► Measure performance
► Responsibility
► Span of control
Adam Smith wrote which of the following books?
► Wealth of Nations
► Behavioral Science
► Fundamentals of Management
► Organizational Behavior
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A large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as outlined
by law, but it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research to determine
better processes for all businesses to use in disposing of toxic wastes. This company
is exhibiting which of the following?
Which one of the following describes the two factor theory in the best way?
► Factors in the organization should be adequate so that people will not be
dissatisfied
► Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction while extrinsic cause dissatisfaction
► The theory deals with satisfaction, productivity and turnover
► Emphases on those factors use to predict the tendency of work behavior
There are three different approaches to designing control systems. Which of the
following is used primarily in team-based or less bureaucratic types of
organizations?
► Market control
► Clan control
► Nominal group
► Brainstorming
In which of the following conditions forecasting is considered to be the most
accurate?
► Try to predict non-seasonal events
► Complex forecasting methods are used
► The environment is rapidly changing
► More people are involved in the process
Strategy formulation is the part of the strategic management process that includes
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all of the following EXCEPT:
► Identifying the mission and strategic goals
► Conducting competitive analysis
► Communicating to all stakeholders
► Developing specific strategies
A company is having cost advantages due to its efficient process, this cost advantage
of company will be traded as which of the following?
► Threat
► Opportunity
► Weakness
► Strength
Which of the following is the benefit of strategic management for the
organizations?
► Organic
► Divisional
► Mechanistic
► Simple
Small companies may not have so many opportunities of promotions, so they
usually try to motivate employees through:
► High Incentives
► Turnover
► Job enlargement
Mr. A is a marketing manger of an organization where he is controlling six
employees whereas Mr. B is a production manager of the same organization and he
is controlling Fifteen employees. Mr. B is having ____________ as compare to Mr.
A.
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► Narrow span of control
► Wide span of control
► Central span of control
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of need which of the following is an internal
esteem need?
► Self respect
► Attention
► Recognition
► Status
Sara has switched to a new job where she is handling a wide variety of
communication tasks. She feels that she can utilize her full potential in new job as
compare to previous job with more pay. In this situation which of the following need
is more important for Sara?
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
People form groups because they need:
► Security
► Power
► Self-respect
Suppose you are appointed as group leader in your class for making a project on
employees’ satisfaction. You guide and motivate your class members by assigning
them their duties clearly. Which leadership style you have?
► Transactional
► Charismatic
► Visionary
The effectiveness of downward communication can be increased by using all of the
following approaches EXCEPT:
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Communication which takes place without regard to hierarchical or task
requirements is called:
► Formal
► Informal
► Official
► Ceremonial
Balanced Scorecard is a latest approach of control mechanism for organization. It
covers:
► Customer prospective
► Internal perspective
► Financial perspective
What are the three steps in managing resistance to change?
► Freeze> change> unfreeze
► Change> unfreeze> refreeze
► Change> freeze> unfreeze
► Unfreeze> change> refreeze
Which of the given area is said to be the core base of Scientific Management?
► Work efficiency
► Career development
► Competitive compensation
► Interim planning
The contingency viewpoint of management is contradictory to:
► System theory
► Open system
► Situational management
► Universal perspective
Which of the following role is being played by the employees in an open system of
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an organization?
► Input of an organization
► Throughput of an organization
► Output of an organization
Which of the following term is used to identify the electronic network of
organization among its employees?
► Internet
► Intranet
► Extranet
► E-business
Non-managerial staff can be best described as:
► Those who actually perform the service or produce the product.
► Those who work anonymously behind the scenes.
► Those who set the goals of the organization.
► Those who supervise others' work
Choosing the best alternative is relatively achieved soon after:
► Identifying the problem
► Defining maximum alternatives
► Listing the criteria for evaluation
► Assessing each choice against the criteria
Goal-setting theory can not be effective unless the set goals achieve the participants’
approval. This characteristic signifies which of the given quality of the goals?
► Goal difficulty
► Goal acceptance
► Goal commitment
The goal of Boundary less organization is:
► To separate it from its suppliers and customers
► To provide segregation to departments
► To facilitate the free exchange of information and ideas
► To design a mechanistic structure
► Self esteem
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► Self direction
► Self confidence
An individual who wants to buy a home in a secured neighborhood with a low
crime rate, is satisfying which psychological needs state?
► Esteem
► Safety
► Physiological
A very small group is also avoided by the organization because:
► It is too easy to be managed
► It is very time consuming to form
► It restricts the exchange of ideas and information
► It contains difficulty to motivate people with diverse needs
Which of the following is the second step of goal setting?
► Review goal attainment
► Formulation of action plan
ABC Corp. has turned each of its divisions into profit centers and evaluates each
division by the percentage of total corporate profits that it generates. It uses which
of the following control?
► Accounting
► Bureaucratic
► Financial
► Sector
In recent research on trait theory all of the following were indicators of leadership
EXCEPT:
► Extraversion
► Introversion
► Honesty
► Desire to lead
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A construction supervisor who sees an impending thunderstorm, ordered workers
to take all precautionary measures, is said to be demonstrating:
► Authority
► Delegation
► Accountability
► Responsibility
All of the following are the elements of organizational structure EXCEPT:
► Assignment of tasks & responsibilities to individuals
► Mechanism for vertical coordination
► Ability to compete on prices
► Mechanism for horizontal coordination
Which of the following is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including
skills, technologies or resources that distinguish a firm from its competitors?
SWOT analysis divides organizational strengths into two categories; common
strength and______.
► Core competency
► System loophole
► Competitor risk
Explain, what is meant by the self actualization needs.
What is the difference between Circle and Chain pattern of a communication
network?
Which theory includes the component that "Eemployee motivation is influenced by
relative as well as absolute rewards"?
Scenario 1
Students of MBA program are given a project. They have to work in a group of five
that is formed by their teacher.
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Scenario 2
Students of MBA program are given an assignment. They are supposed to work
individually but a group of students are helping each other in solving the
assignment.
Identify and explain the type of groups discussed in each scenario.
“Distributing authority is an important building block of organizational structure”.
Explain the process through which managers distribute authorities. Why managers
exercise this practice?
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Spring 2010
Ref No: 1473208
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
Student Info
Center: OPKST
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Q No. 49 50 51 52 53
Marks
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Which of the following courses helps managers gain a better
understanding of motivation, leadership, trust, employee selection,
performance appraisals and training techniques?
► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology
All of the following are included in the four components of the
management process EXCEPT:
► Organizing
► Leading
► Delegating
► Planning
Ali is a Branch Manager at Mutual Saving Bank. If he is an average middle
manager, which of the following management activities is he likely to
spend the greatest amount of time?
► Planning
► Controlling
► Leading
► Organizing
► Henri Fayol
► Fredrick Taylor
► Henry Towne
All of the following are called "Classical Viewpoints" EXCEPT:
► Industrial management
► Administrative management
► Bureaucratic management
Which of the following concept suggests that organizational units may
often be more successful working together than working alone?
► Transformation
► Synergy
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► Entropy
A form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact
electronically is called:
► E-commerce
► E-business
► E-shopping
► E- trading
A situation that offers a strong potential for significant organizational gain
if appropriate actions are taken is called:
► Crisis problem
► React to competitor actions
► Cut cost below the competition
► Increase market diversification
► Predict competitor actions
“We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to
mothers and all others who use our products”
This statement shows which of the following attributes of mission
statement?
► Location
► Customers
► Self concept
Operational plans are normally associated with which of the following
organizational level?
► Global level
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► Corporate level
► Business level
The method by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the
organization is called:
When the strength provides superior and unique customer value and is
difficult to imitate then the distinctive competence creates a sustainable:
► Scope
Which of the following is an area in the environment that if exploited may
generate high performance for organization?
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a large share of a
market that are not expected to grow substantially?
► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow
► Span of control
► Formalization
Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organization?
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► Centralization
► High specialization
► High formalization
► Free flow of information
According to Maslow, which one of the following needs does not fit into
the higher-order needs?
► Esteem
► Physiological
► Social
According to Maslow, which hierarchy is in proper order from lowest to
highest?
The statement that people will exercise self direction and self control if
they are committed to the objectives, is true about which of the following?
► Equity Theory
► ERG Theory
► Theory X
► Theory Y
Which theory includes the component that employee motivation is
influenced by relative as well as absolute rewards?
► Expectancy
► Three-needs
► Goal-setting
► Equity
Which of following is the degree to which group members are attached to
one another and share the group goals?
► Group Conformity
► Group decision making
► Group norms
Self-managing teams possess all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
► Members hire other members
► Members determine the compensation of its members
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► Members have discretion in scheduling work within the team
► Members have discretion in distributing tasks within the team
Which of the following is the most cited benefit of value chain
management?
► Cost savings
► Increased sales
A large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as
outlined by law, but it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research
to determine better processes for all businesses to use in disposing of
toxic wastes. This company is exhibiting which of the following?
If goals are ___________, it will help the employees to identify the purpose
of goals and to recognize the ways of meeting them.
► Relevant
► Time-limit
► General
► Measurable
When we talk about an organization’s core technology, we mean
organization’s:
An organizational structure made up of working groups or teams is called:
► Team-based structure
Tall structure is more expensive because of:
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► Few departments
► Lesser resources
► Fewer hierarchical levels
► More hierarchical levels
Which of the following theory directly relates the individual’s behavior with
the consequences of their actions?
► Reinforcement theory
► Goal setting theory
► Equity theory
Mr. Haris and Mr. Fahad are working equally but Mr. Haris is paid more
than Mr. Fahad. Mr. Haris is being------------- and Mr. Fahad is being-------------
----.
To analyze the group performance, group should be viewed as:
► System
► Feedback
► Output
► Input
XYZ Company is dealing in consumer products and operating in highly
competitive market. Company wants to assure the quality of its product by
applying best suitable control method. Which of the following control
method will be suitable for XYZ Company?
► Market control
► Clan control
Tax revenue is one of the significant resources of the city government, in
which type of resource category tax revenue falls?
► Human resources
► Physical resources
► Information resources
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Which of the following group techniques allows group members to meet
together, but also allows independent thinking?
► Brainstorming technique
► Devil’s advocacy technique
In terms of linear programming, profit margins on different products that a
company can produce represent which of the following?
► Constraints
► Scenarios
The university has selected some of its faculty members to conduct the
worthy researches on variant topics. These members are also responsible
for their courses in addition to this creative task of assisting research.
Which of the following is applied in the given situation?
► Job rotation
► Job enlargement
► Job enrichment
► Expert power
► Referent power
Keeping distinguished features of Transformational leaders, at which
hierarchical level they mostly found in an organization?
► Bottom level
► Top level
► Middle level
► First-line level
With respect to five hierarchical needs of Marlow's theory, at which level
transformational style is more beneficial?
► Physical needs
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► Safety needs
► Social needs
► Task group
► Command group
Health camps were established in Azad Jammu Kashmir as the
rehabilitation program for earthquake effecties. These camps consisted of
doctors and surgeons from various fields of specialization. Therefore
health camp is an example of:
► Quality circle
► Virtual teams
► Cross- functional teams
► Management teams
Which of the following purpose is served through communication?
► Sharing information
► Conveying emotional expressions
In a growing number of organizations, the traditional team consisting of a
manager and a team that reports directly to him or her is being replaced,
into __________, by giving relative autonomy to them to form more flexible
teams.
► Virtual teams
XYZ Company has been dealing in crockery since the last 12 years.
Company’s performance is satisfactory and the environment appears to be
constant, that’s why company perceives no reason to change, hence falls
under:
► Stability
► Diversification
► Concentration
► Direct Expansion
When public sector organizations serve in terms of varying needs of
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children, disabled & adults, it is said to be adopting which kind of
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
Zarkoo Airlines use _________ departmentalization to arrange its activities
as commercial airplanes and military airplanes.
► Functional
► Geographic
► Customer
► Matrix
Describe the phenomenon in which individual group members reduce their
efforts and contributions as the group size increases.
ANS:
What are the distinctive features of legitimate power?
ANS:
ANS:
In reporting relationship perspective what are the two types of
organizational structures?
Z works for ABC Company. He has good working conditions with sufficient
salary and cooperative boss. But still he is not satisfied with his job. What
may be the other factors in the job that can motivate him EXCEPT these
external factors?
ANS:
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Spring 2010
Ref No: 1707671
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
Student Info
Center: OPKST
Q
No.
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The bank of New England uses models to figure out how many teller need
to be on duty at each location at various times throughout the day. Bank is
using which of the following approaches?
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders
Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of
the following dimensions of organizational culture?
► Aggressiveness
An individual’s personal beliefs regarding what is right and wrong or good
and bad is called:
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals
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All of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making
EXCEPT:
Which of the following is a variation of the electronic meeting that links
media from different locations?
► E-commerce
► E-Brainstorming
“We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to
mothers and all others who use our products”
This statement shows which of the following attributes of mission
statement?
► Location
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► Customers
► Self concept
Operational plans are normally associated with which of the following
organizational level?
► Global level
► Corporate level
► Business level
In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a large share of a
market that are not expected to grow substantially?
► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow
Which of the following organization is responsible for the development of
small business in Pakistan?
► SMEDA
► BISE
► ICMA
► PCSIR
Employees with more training and experience are able to work with less
direct supervision which is the characteristics of which of the following?
► Wide span of control and a flatter organization
► Violates Fayol’s principle of chain of command
► A highly centralized organization
► Very narrow span of control and more levels of managers
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that every person has a
hierarchy of:
► Four needs
► Five needs
► Three needs
► Six needs
Which of the following theory points out that the individual has to be
rewarded with something that he or she values?
► Herzberg’s theory
► Equity theory
► McClelland’s goal setting theory
Which of the following is a major drawback of written
communication?
► Lack of feedback
► Lack of precision
► Less well thought out
► Lack of verifiable permanent record
The process in which a sender manipulates information so the receiver will
see it more favorably, is called:
► Filtering
► Selective perception
► Noise
► Information overload
Amir has found out that his department operates on the most popular type
of control that many other companies use. Which type of control all
companies have in common?
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► Feedforward
► Concurrent
► Feedback
► Indirect
Which one of Fayol’s 14 principles of management helps preserve the
concept of a continuous line of authority?
► Unity of demand
Ali always consults with his employees and uses their suggestions before
making a decision. He is demonstrating which type of leadership style?
► Directive
► Participative
► Supportive
A significant edge over the competition in dealing with competitive forces
is called:
► Swot analysis
Which of the following is the benefit of strategic management for the
organizations?
► Organic
► Divisional
► Mechanistic
► Simple
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On achieving the targeted sales, Salman the marketing manager of ABC
Company has been rewarded an award of “Best employee of the year”. He
is happy with this outcome as a result of his performance, because this
reward has ___________ for him.
► Equity valence value
► Negative valance value
► Less valence value
► More valence value
The president of ABC Company asks his employees to follow the rule and
regulations and all of his employees comply with his order. President
influences the employees by which of the following power?
► Referent Power
► Coercive Power
► Expert Power
50 applicants had been interviewed for the post of financial analyst.
Among these 50 people, 5 people had been short listed because they were
holding diplomas of specialization along with the degrees required. They
influenced the interviewer with which of the following powers?
► Expert Power
► Coercive Power
► Reward Power
Workers in spinning department are trying to communicate the bad
working conditions to their supervisor by saying; “machines are creating
too much heat and noise and disturbing our work”. Workers have used
which of the following type of communication?
► Oral
► Written
► Non-verbal
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Tendency of people to expend less effort while working in a group as
compare to working alone is called:
► Synergy
► Social Loafing
► Group Task
► Group Cohesiveness
Communication which takes place without regard to hierarchical or task
requirements is called:
► Formal
► Informal
► Official
► Ceremonial
Cognitive ability of an individual effects the decision making process in
which of the following manner?
SWOT analysis is a technique of:
► Forecasting
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting
Group members usually do not see each other while making decisions in:
► Brainstorming
► Delphi
► Nominal
► Interacting
Which of the following behavior had dramatically influenced by Hawthorne
studies?
► Informal behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior
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► Employees
► Products
► Services
► Customers
Which of the following techniques relies on individual or group judgments
rather than on mathematical analysis?
► Benchmark forecasting
Considering the changing patterns of the business world, which of the
given is considered to be the modern motivating tool?
► High salary
► Flexi time
► Secured job
In order to make organization more flexible and responsive through
employee participation, organization should tend towards which of the
following?
► Globalization
Which of the following is an extrinsic factor of motivation?
► Wages and salaries
► Job variety
► Sense of accomplishment
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Starbuck’s ________ of opening one hundred stores per year helps
everyone in the firm, in recognizing the strong emphasis on growth.
► Goal
► Mission
► Vision
► Plan
Call centers have been developed to record and put forward the
customers’ complaints to:
► Quality circles
► Work teams
Pamphlets used for the promotion of a product are the example of:
► Oral communication
► Non-verbal communication
► Written communication
In recent research on trait theory all of the following were indicators of
leadership EXCEPT:
► Extraversion
► Introversion
► Honesty
► Desire to lead
Who developed the first comprehensive contingency model for
leadership?
► Fiedler
► Vroom
► House
► Hersey
Which of the following is a power that has been legitimated by the
organizations?
► Responsibility
► Span of control
► Authority
► Accountability
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The individuals who are working in the organizations in a capacity of
generating & supporting new ideas for the organization are called:
► Lender
► Intrepreneur
► Stakeholder
► Financer
SWOT analysis divides organizational strengths into two categories;
common strength and______.
► Core competency
► System loophole
► Competitor risk
How an organization can implement Quality & Innovation control?
Explain “Zero-loop learning” in terms of leaders & managers.
Answer:
It’s a terminology used when an organization is suffered with new problems or
necessities but it is difficult to take a corrective action. This is the time when
Leaders & Managers come forward and take this responsibility to rectify those
issues. That needs strategic planning and the goals can be achieved by proper
counseling.
Describe the common types of work teams.
Answer:
The work teams can be divided into three categories and are functional, Selfmanaged
and Virtual.
The functional team consists of manager and some subordinates, a selfmanaged
team has no manager and this team is required to complete a task
which facilitates a customer. The virtual team; as it is clear from the name works
virtually through a computer network. The members of this team are far apart but
can be connected though network.
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of geographical
departmentalization.
Answer:
a. Advantage:
The best advantage of this kind of departmentalization is that it give rise to
specialization. The employee in that particular domain is focused on one specific
assignment and the leader can be authority in that job.
b. Disadvantage:
It isolates that particular department from the other sections of the process. The
department is totally devoted to its own job instead of provided a benefit to the
whole production process.
Goal Setting is a part of both Reinforcement and Expectancy theory. Do
you agree or not? Explain.
Answer:
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Spring 2010
Ref No: 1473124
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
Student Info
Center: OPKST
Q No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Marks
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Q No. 49 50 51 52 53
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Which of the following statements would be TRUE according to Theory Y manager?
► Employees view work as being as natural as rest or play
► Employees will shirk responsibilities whenever possible
► Employees dislike work
► Employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened
► Henri Fayol
► Fredrick Taylor
► Henry Towne
All of the following are included in Fayol's fundamental principles of management
EXCEPT:
► Diversity
► Order
► Initiative
► Authority
A field of expertise that is responsible for the production and delivery of an
organization’s products and services is called:
► Management information system
► Principles of management
A form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically is
called:
► E-commerce
► E-business
► E-shopping
► E- trading
Decision making is typically described as which of the following?
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► Deciding what is correct
► Putting preferences on paper
► Choosing among alternatives
► Processing information to completion
Putting a decision into action and conveying the decision to the persons who will be
affected by it, is known as:
► Decision implementation
► Rational decision making
► Irrational decision making
► Problem identification
Re-ordering inventory from the same supplier in the first week of every month is an
example of:
► Uncertainty
► Risk
Which of the following involves allocating resources by detailing what activities have to
be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do each and when they
are to be completed?
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting
► Competitor intelligence
► Scheduling
Which stage of strategic management process determines; “What the strategy is”?
► Formulation stage
► Realization stage
► Evaluation stage
Which of the following is the set of strategic alternatives that an organization chooses
from, as it manages its operations simultaneously across several industries and several
markets?
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Which of the following is a process by which individuals pursue opportunities, fulfill
needs and wants through innovation, without regard to the resources they currently
control?
► Privatization
hygiene factor?
► Salary
► Work itself
According to the trait theory which of the following is included in the definition of
"drive"?
► Ability to create visions, solve problems and make correct decisions
► Strong desire to influence and lead others
► Relatively high desire for achievement
► Sociability and assertiveness
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Implementing the control process includes which of the following step?
► Establish standards
► Determine the need for corrective action
► Compare performance against standards
Which of the following control system is used by companies operating in less advanced
countries?
► Informal
► Centralization
► Direct supervision
► Standardized rules and regulations
Aisha's job is to compare each department's monthly budget to its actual expenditures.
Aisha is performing which of the following functions?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Controlling
► Leading
Direct supervision is the best-known form of which of the following control?
► Feed forward
► Concurrent
► Feedback
► Management
All of the following are the major types of barrier that limit the success of value chain
management EXCEPT:
► Required capabilities
► Organizational factors
► Cultural factors
► Technology investments
What do we call the entire series of organizational work activities that add value at each
step that begin with the processing of raw materials and end with a finished product in the
hands of end users?
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► Value
► Value Chain
► Unity of demand
When an organization encounters a serious problem which needs to be solved
► Crisis problem
A firm's attorney has which of the following power when he gives legal advice?
► Legitimate
► Expert
► Reward
► Status
The Blake and Mouton managerial grid is a part of which of the following group of
approaches?
► Trait
► Situational
► Behavioral
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Management?
► Leadership
► Planning
Mr. A wants to earn a master's degree within two years from a native university. Which
of the following SMART objective Mr. A has missed while setting this goal?
► Time-bound
► Acceptable
► Measurable
► Specific
A significant edge over the competition in dealing with competitive forces is called:
► Swot analysis
A company is having cost advantages due to its efficient process, this cost advantage of
company will be traded as which of the following?
► Threat
► Opportunity
► Weakness
► Strength
A super store operating in few countries can go for strategic alliance to expand its
business globally. While conducting the SWOT analysis what you would identify this as:
► Threat
► Opportunity
► Weakness
► Strength
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Degree to which the job provides clear and timely information about performance results
is called:
► Autonomy
► Feedback
► Supervision
► Responsibility
Mr. A is working as machine operator and he has to take precautionary measures to keep
himself safe from any injury. Which of the following needs is critical for Mr. A?
► Social
► Esteem
► Safety
Ali is a sales representative in ABC Company and he has achieved his targeted sales
before due time. He was happy on his achievement but as he received no reward or
recognition, his performance declines. Management did not fulfill which of the following
needs?
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
Mr. Ali and Ms. Fatima work for ABC Company. Both are equally working hard and
putting same amount of efforts, but Mr. Ali is paid more than Ms. Fatima.
What kind of condition is being perceived by Fatima?
► Equity
► Inequity
► Power need
► Growth need
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What are the three steps in managing resistance to change?
► Freeze> change> unfreeze
► Change> unfreeze> refreeze
► Change> freeze> unfreeze
► Unfreeze> change> refreeze
Which of the given characteristic describes the entrepreneur?
► Focus on continuous improvement
► Develop & implement growth strategies
► Seek for opportunities in the environment
SWOT analysis can be conducted at which of the following levels?
► Individual level
► Departmental level
► Organizational level
PERT represents which of the following term?
► Project Execution Review Technique
► Planning Execution Response Technique
► Program Enhancement Report Technique
► Program Evaluation Review Technique
Which of the following depicts the name of system in which different countries use the
common currency?
► International monetary fund
Appreciation of activities by the top management level impacts the supervisors in which
of the following manner?
► Diminish boredom of tasks
► Add creativity to routine tasks
► Support performance of repeated tasks
► Encourage to show superior performance
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An individual who wants to buy a home in a secured neighborhood with a low crime
rate, is satisfying which psychological needs state?
► Esteem
► Safety
► Physiological
Which of the given type is preferred for ongoing organizational activities?
► Task force group
► Internal group
► Informal group
► Command group
SWOT analysis divides organizational strengths into two categories; common strength
and______.
► Core competency
► System loophole
► Competitor risk
"Cost-saving advantages from specialization" is a feature of which kind of structural
organization?
► Divisional
► Team
► Learning
► Functional
Zarkoo Airlines use _________ departmentalization to arrange its activities as
commercial airplanes and military airplanes.
► Functional
► Geographic
► Customer
► Matrix
Segregate the given list of powers as formal & informal/personal power depending on
source generating these powers.
§ Coercion
§ Information
§ Expert
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§ Referent
§ Reward
§ legitimate
“Members of large groups feel less satisfied than members of small groups”. Elaborate
the statement.
“Leadership is both process and a property”. Explain.
In reporting relationship perspective what are the two types of organizational structures?
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Spring 2010
Ref No: 1473147
Time: 90 min
Marks: 69
Student Info
Center: OPKST
Q
No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Marks
Q No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Marks
Q No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Marks
Q No. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Marks
Q No. 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Marks
Q No. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Marks
Q No. 49 50 51 52 53
Marks
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Which of the following are the leadership styles described in House’s path-goal theory?
► Participative, directive, achievement-oriented, and supportive
► Autocratic, consultative, paternalistic, and participative
► Supportive, bureaucratic, participative, and consultative
► Directive, autocratic, bureaucratic, and supportive
Chester Barnard saw organizations as a ______system that required human
assistance.
► Moral
► Ethical
► Social
► Technical
Abraham Maslow and Douglas are called:
► Administrative theorists
► Pre-classical theorists
► Classical theorists
► Behavioral theorists
EU,
NAFTA, FTAA and ASEAN are examples of:
All
of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making EXCEPT:
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Most of the time top management of organizations have to deal with problems which
are:
► Satisficing
► Well-structured
► Programmed
► Ill-structured
Which of the following requires managers to select the best alternative from multiple
criteria or alternative solutions?
► Optimizing
► Satisfying
All
of the following are disadvantages of group decision making EXCEPT:
► More time taken to reach a solution
► Minority domination
► More alternatives are generated
► Groupthink decreases effectiveness of decision
Mission Statement of Hoover Universal Inc is:
“Hoover universal is a diversified multi-industry corporation with strong manufacturing
capabilities, entrepreneurial policies and individual business unit autonomy”
► Customers
► Location
► Self concept
Which of the following is an area in the environment that increases the difficulty of an
organization’s achieving high performance?
► Strength
► Weakness
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► Opportunity
► Threat
ABC Company continues to offer the same quality beauty products it has for the last 10
years. The company is successful and has no current plans for change. Which of the
following types of strategies is it employing?
► Growth
► Stability
► Retrenchment
► Combination
A
structure that is characterized by narrow span of management and many hierarchical
levels is:
► Tall Structure
► Flat Structure
Which of the following are three important elements with regard to motivation?
► Efforts, Organizational Goals and Needs
► Mission, Vision statement and Efforts
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► Desire, Needs and Resources
► Goals, Employees and Desire
Which of the following control system is used by companies operating in less advanced
countries?
► Informal
► Centralization
► Direct supervision
► Standardized rules and regulations
Which of the following is the most cited benefit of value chain management?
► Cost savings
► Increased sales
► Michael Porter
► Charles Babbage
► Peter Drucker
► Hugo Munsterbeg
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► Budgeting
► Standing plans
► Informal plans
Large-scale action plans for interacting with the environment in order to achieve longterm
goals is called:
► Objectives
► Strategies
► Purposes
► Policies
A
Company organizes its 20000 employees into five departments i.e. Finance, HR,
Marketing , Collection & Tax Control. Company is using which of the following type of
► Geographic
► Functional
► Customers
► Product
Small companies may not have so many opportunities of promotions, so they usually try
to motivate employees through:
► High Incentives
► Turnover
► Job enlargement
Seema is preparing for exams; she is studying for 12 hours daily because it gives her a
sense of satisfaction that she is working hard. What urges Seema to work hard?
► Extrinsic motivation
► Self confidence
► Self efficacy
► Intrinsic motivation
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According to the expectancy theory, motivation of employees depends upon which of
the following factors?
► Effort- performance relationship
► Performance- outcome relationship
► Performance- valence relationship
Mr.
B is an efficient employee of his department and the manager rewarded him with an
increase in the salary. He was happy with the raise in salary but at the same time he
has been transferred to the other department that was not a desirable outcome for him.
According to expectancy theory transfer was a __________ valance for him.
► Effective
► Negative
► Positive
► Equity
Mr.
A has been given the project of collecting data on students’ motivation from different
institutes. He is performing the tasks by putting all of his efforts because he will be given
bonus pay if he fulfills his task on time. He is influenced by which of the following
powers of his boss?
► Reward Power
► Coercive Power
► Referent Power
► Expert Power
People form groups because they need:
► Security
► Power
► Self-respect
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The
force that results when group process losses are greater than any gains achieved is
called:
► Individualism
► Cohesiveness
► Positive synergy
► Negative synergy
The
behavior that arises among individuals who have previously worked in any other groups
is called:
► Primacy
► Group behavior
A
universally accepted model of a successful manager could be described as:
Which of the following role is being played by the employees in an open system of an
organization?
► Input of an organization
► Throughput of an organization
► Output of an organization
Organizations have achieved the quick communication links with their stakeholders
outside the organization through:
► Internet
► Intranet
► Extranet
► LAN
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Manager gathers, organizes & arranges all sort of information either from external or
internal sources while performing the role of:
► Spokesperson
► Leader
► Negotiator
► Monitor
All
of the following are the parts of organization’s external environment, EXCEPT:
► Organizational cultures
► Target customers
► Company competitors
► Performance regulators
In
terms of linear programming, profit margins on different products that a company can
► Constraints
► Scenarios
All
of the following are included in planning, EXCEPT:
► Conducting a thorough monitoring procedure
Ali
is serving the Virtual University as Lecturer of management sciences; along with the
course responsibilities he is also handling the matter of Alumni of the university which
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has increased his work burden. In this situation Ali is experiencing:
► Job rotation
► Job enlargement
► Job enrichment
Considering the difference between managers & leaders who is said to be a risk taker?
► Leader
► Manager
► Supervisor
► Administrator
It is
essential for a team to be a:
► Formal group
► Large group
► Informal group
| ► Small group
Commercial ads are used to convey information to organization’s:
► Employees
► Shareholders
► Managers
► Customers
Which of the following is the second step of goal setting?
► Review goal attainment
► Formulation of action plan
The
Customer Service Representative in the bank was concerned about Mr. Ali’s account,
so she contacted the Regional Credit Manager for more information. This is an example
of which of the following?
► Downward communication
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► Diagonal communication
► Horizontal communication
► Upward communication
In a
growing number of organizations, the traditional team consisting of a manager and a
► Virtual teams
In
recent research on trait theory all of the following were indicators of leadership
EXCEPT:
► Extraversion
► Introversion
► Honesty
► Desire to lead
Ali
is the player of local cricket team and he always try to keep him fit in the game as he
idealizes Wasim Akram as the best cricketer. Ali is influenced by which of the following
powers of Wasim Akram?
► Information Power
► Referent Power
► Reward Power
► Coercive Power
While making a business plan an entrepreneur cannot forecast sales revenues without:
► Conducting market research
► Drafting legal plan
► Developing production plan
► Writing insurance plan
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“Members of large groups feel less satisfied than members of small groups”. Elaborate
the statement.
ANSW
Describe the five key characteristics of charismatic leaders.
ANSWER
Definition :
Define organizational structure and what are the basic building blocks that managers
can use in constructing an organization's structure?
ANSWER:
Definitatin :
Question No: 53 (Marks: 5 )
Organizations usually find resistance against changes in response to the dynamics of
the environment. How organizations can handle such resistance to changes?
ASNWER:
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Principles of Management (MGT-503)
1. Which of the following is the MOST ancient management monument?
Wall of China
Egyptian Pyramid
Taj Mahal
Sydney Opera House
2. Which of the following is known as the process of getting activities completed efficiently
and effectively with and through other people?
Organizing
Management
Supervision
Controlling
3. Which of the following interpersonal role emphasizes the contacts that a manager has
with those outside the formal authority chain of command?
The Liaison Role
The Leader Role
The Figurehead Role
The Spokesman Role
4. A manager explaining a company policy to a new employee would be acting which of the
following role?
Decisional
Interpersonal
Organizational
Informational
5. When Miss. ABC is comparing actual sales figures with goals established earlier to see if
her department met the target, she is performing which of the following functions?
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
6. Mr. XYZ, a new manager at XYZ Inc. primarily worries about assembling and
coordinating the human, financial, physical, and other resources needed to achieve his
goals. Which function is Mr. XYZ primarily concerned about?
Organizing
Controlling
Planning
Leading
7. Miss XYZ has been given goals related to the rollout and sales of her department. Her
success at implementing the strategy will be assessed by comparing actual performance
against the goals. This comparison is known as which of the following?
Planning
Organizing
Implementing
Controlling
8. MR. ABC currently holds a management position within his company. His job
responsibilities include maintaining a focus toward long-term issues that may impact the
company as well as developing appropriate goals to guide the organization. Mr. ABC is
most probably which type of manager?
First line managers
Middle level manager
Operational manager
Top Level Manager
9. When call center managers spend much of their time monitoring customer calls and
giving employees feedback about how to improve their dialogue with customers in the
future, these managers are using which of the following skills?
Technical
Conceptual
Situational
Ethical
10. Telephone operator comes under which of the following management level?
First line manager
Middle manager
Top manager
Non managerial employee
11. Mr. A is a manager in XYZ Company; he has a reputation for being an open and
honest person and understands how to motivate employees and customers, he is said to
have which of the following skills?
Sales
Political
Interpersonal
Technical
12. Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief
executive officer, or chairman of the board are positions associated with which of the
following levels of management?
Team leaders
Middle managers
First-line managers
Top managers
13. The idea that employees should also share the profit of organization was given by which
of the following theorist?
Frederick Taylor
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
14. Mr. B is a manager in a multinational organization. He believes that the employees of
the company are lazy and do not have much ambition. Mr. B can be classified as which of
the following manager based on the perspectives of Douglas McGregor?
Theory Y
Bureaucratic
Theory X
Administrative
15. According to Max Weber, organizations should have all of the following features to
perform successfully EXCEPT:
Informal rules and procedures
A well-defined hierarchy of authority
Careers based on merit
A clear division of labor
16. Each subordinate should report to one and only one superior is called which of the
following?
Authority
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Order
17. Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with which management
approach?
Bureaucracy
Organizational behavior
Scientific management
Systems
18. Cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather
knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance
is called which of the following?
Systems management
Software management
Technical management
Knowledge management
19. Which management view emphasized that organizational productivity can be increased
by increasing the efficiency of production processes?
Bureaucratic management
Administrative management
Quantitative management
20. Which of the following strategy is more complex, more focused on internal processes,
and aimed at cost savings and improvements in efficiency, productivity and cost savings?
E-business
Information technology
E-commerce
E-management
21. Which level of management makes decisions about the activities such as acquiring other
companies, investing in research and development and building new plants?
Top managers
Middle managers
First-line managers
Non-managerial employees
22. A supervisor is teaching an employee to use a piece of equipment safely. Which of the
following skills are most important for the manager?
Technical skills
Conceptual skills
Human skills
Strategic skills
23. The major contribution of the Industrial Revolution was the substitution of _______ for
human power.
Machine power
Electricity
Water power
Critical thinking
24. All of the following are characteristics of total quality management EXCEPT:
Concern for continual improvement
Improvement in quality of everything the organization does
Intense focus on the competition
Accurate measurement
25. For a company such as PIA, a bank would be an example of what kind of factor in its
specific environment?
Competitor
Special-interest group
Supplier
Government agency
26. Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization’s general environment?
Economic conditions
Political conditions
Social conditions
Organization culture
27. If a company provides job-share programs, builds a day-care facility, and only uses
recycled paper, it can be termed as:
Fulfilling its social obligation
Socially aware
Socially image conscious
Socially responsive
28. If a company is paying minimum wages, when necessary, and applying the minimum
standard to laws, such as affirmative action, it would be said to have fulfilled its:
Social obligation
Social responsibility
Social responsiveness
Social expectation
29. Which of the following describes a global marketplace?
The entire world is a marketplace
National borders are irrelevant
The potential for organizations to grow expands dramatically
All of the given options
30. Which one of the following items best reflects the dimension of different cultures that
exemplifies the extent to which individuals expect a hierarchical structure?
Uncertainty avoidance
Power distance
Masculinity/femininity
Long-term/short-term orientation
31. Attempting to understand the signs of some problem comes under which of the
following stage?
Scanning stage
Categorization stage
Diagnosis stage
Implementation stage
32. Which of the following is NOT a valid assumption about rationality?
The problem is clear and unambiguous
Preferences are constantly changing
A single well-defined goal is to be achieved
Preferences are clear
33. Lower-level managers typically confront what type of decision making?
Unique
Non-routine
Programmed
Non-programmed
34. The people at the bottom of the organization generally deal with repetitive and familiar
problems such as workers who are late or machinery that breaks down. As a result, most of
the decisions made by first line supervisors are:
Ill-structured decisions
Novel decisions
Programmed decisions
Non-programmed decisions
35. An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been
wrong is referred to:
Economies of commitment
Escalation of commitment
Dimensional commitment
Expansion of commitment
36. When managers avoid the rational decision-making model and find ways to satisfice,
they are following which of the following concept?
Jurisprudence
Bounded rationality
Least-squared exemptions
Self-motivated decisions
37. Which of the following means that you achieve the best possible balance among several
goals?
Sacrificing
Optimizing
Satisficing
Minimizing
38. If a group’s desire for consensus and cohesiveness overwhelms its desire to reach the
best possible decision, it is called:
Groupthink
Group pressure
Group decision
Group dynamics
39. A form of group decision making in which a group is used to achieve a consensus of
expert opinion is called:
Interacting group
Delphi technique
Nominal group
Brainstorming
40. Which of the following is the process of developing assumptions on premises about the
future that managers can use in planning or decision making?
Benchmarking
Project management
Forecasting
Scheduling
41. Sulman thinks about his job while playing with his son on the weekend, and he
continually volunteers to do extra assignments and project for his department. These
suggest that Sulman has a strong need fo :
Esteem
Security
Achievement
Power
42. Asim assigned Khalid a project to be completed by the end of the month and then hold
periodic meetings with him to review his progress. Which management function Asim is
performing?
Planning
Leading
Controlling
Organizing
43. single European Union currency is called:
Franc
Franc-mark
Pound
Euro
44. large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as outlined by law,
following?
Social obligation
Moral obligation
45. Which of the following aspect of decision making is based on facts such as costs,
revenues and product design specifications?
Decision quality
Escalation of commitment
Optimizing
Satisficing
46. Most of the time lower level management of organizations have to deal with problems
which are:
Satisficing
Well-structured
Non-programmed
Ill-structured
47. Putting a decision into action and conveying the decision to the persons who will be
affected by it, is known as:
Decision implementation
Rational decision making
Irrational decision making
Problem identification
48. Once a manager has identified a problem, the next step would be the identification of:
Discrepancies
Decision criteria
Scenarios
Factor weights
49. Agreement among the Mexican, Canadian and U.S government in which barriers to
free trade have been eliminated is called:
NAFTA
ASEAN
EU
WTO
50. Mega environment, that includes the attitudes, values, norms, beliefs, behaviors and
The socio-cultural element
The international element
The economic element
The legal-political element
51. of the following are the parts of organization’s external environment, EXCEPT:
Culture
Customers
Competitors
Regulators
52. of the following are the part of organization’s internal environment EXCEPT:
Employees
Owner
Culture
Regulators
53. environment is also called:
Specific environment
Goal orientated environment
Open environment
Close environment
54. Mega environment is also called:
Open environment
Close environment
Flexible environment
General environment
55. Walt Disney company’s movies, theme parks and television programs all benefit one
another. Children who enjoy a Disney movie like LION KING want to go to Disney world
and see lion king show. They benefits greatly from:
Negative Entropy
Synergy
Transformation
Entropy
56. The bank of New England uses models to figure out how many teller need to be on duty
at each location at various times throughout the day. Bank is using which of the following
approaches?
Management science
Operations management
Total quality management
Contingency perspective
57. Viewpoint arguing that appropriate managerial action depends on the particular
parameters of the situation is called:
Contingency theory
Behavioral theory
Administrative theory
Social theory
58. Chester Barnard saw organizations as a ______system that required human assistance.
Moral
Ethical
Social
Technical
59. According to Adam Smith, the division of labor results in:
Increased worker motivation
Decreased worker specialization
Increased worker productivity
Decreased worker motivation
60. According to Mintzberg monitor, disseminator and spokesperson are all:
Interpersonal roles
Informational roles
Decisional roles
Functional roles
61. Hussain is the physician who heads the Critical Care Unit at Mercy Hospital, the most
important role that he performs is:
Informational
Decisional
Interpersonal
Functional
62. Controlling contingent situation comes under which of the following roles?
Spokesperson
Monitor
Leader
Disturbance handler
63. Which of the following is most important characteristic of an entrepreneur?
Planning
Communication
Rapid decision making
Goal setting
64. Adam Smith wrote his book “The Wealth of Nations” in:
15th century
17th century
20th century
18th century
65. Which of the following courses helps managers gain a better understanding of
motivation, leadership, trust, employee selection, performance appraisals and training
techniques?
Psychology
Sociology
Political science
Anthropology
66. Sulman thinks about his job while playing with his son on the weekend, and he
continually volunteers to do extra assignments and project for his department. These
suggest that Sulman has a strong need for :
Esteem
Security
Achievement
Power
67. Asim assigned Khalid a project to be completed by the end of the month and then hold
performing?
Planning
Leading
Controlling
Organizing
68. Which of the following BEST describes creativity?
Uncovering what is already there
Creating something new
Organizing already discovered items
Criticizing the discovered items
69. When an organization encounters a serious problem which needs to be solved
Crisis problem
Non- Crisis problem
Opportunity problem
Financial Problem
70. Plans which have the broadest organizational focus and the longest time frame are
called:
Tactical
Strategic
Directional
Operational
71. The intent of which of the following is to reduce uncertainty by playing out potential
Project management
Scheduling
Environmental analysis
Scenario planning
72. In terms of linear programming, profit margins on different products that a company
can produce represent which of the following?
Constraints
Feasibility regions
Scenarios
Basis for the objective function
73. Which of the following technique relies on individual or group judgments rather than
on mathematical analysis?
Quantitative forecasting
Technological forecasting
Qualitative forecasting
Environmental forecasting
74. A problem with groupthink is that no one is actually in charge of making the final
decision or outcome, which results in:
Ambiguous responsibility
Role incoherence
Role ambiguity
Ambiguous delegation
75. When an organization encounters an issue that requires resolution, but not very
immediate action, it is called:
Crisis problem
Non- Crisis problem
Opportunity problem
Financial Problem
76. In decision making process, ideas should be evaluated on the basis of:
Acceptability
Durability
Accountability
Liability
77. Assembling additional information and identifying both the nature and the causes of
the problem comes under:
Scanning stage
Diagnosis stage
78. The North American Free Trade Agreement includes:
Mexico, Canada, and the United States
Mexico, Brazil and Columbia
Mexico, Canada and the Brazil
Italy, Canada and the United States
79. Which of the following is a collection of countries that use a common currency?
European common market
European Union
Western European alliance
Economic and monetary union
80. Few years ago, employees of a international company took wages cuts to help the firm
Unethical
Socially responsible
Ethical
Socioeconomic
81. An individual’s personal beliefs regarding what is right and wrong or good and bad is
called:
Ethics
Values
Norms
Rituals
82. The relationship between corporate social involvement and economic performance is:
Positive
Negative
Perfect positive
Perfect negative
83. The culture of an organization is largely determined by:
Top management
Employees
Stockholders
The company founders
84. All of the following are Dimensions of organizational culture EXCEPT:
Innovation
Aggressiveness
Stability
Customer orientation
85. Constituencies in an organization’s external environment that are affected by the
Stakeholders
Advisories
Beneficiaries
Environmentalists
86. Environment made up of specific outside elements within which an organization
interfaces in the course of conducting its business is called:
Internal environment
External environment
The task environment
The mega environment
87. The quantitative approach has contributed directly in the areas of:
Planning and control
Controlling and leading
Organizing and controlling
Planning and leading
88. Viewpoint arguing that appropriate managerial action depends on the particular
Contingency theory
Behavioral theory
Administrative theory
Social theory
89. In Maslow's hierarchy of need, status is an example of which of the following need?
Physiological
Esteem
Safety
Social
90. Which of the following behavior had dramatically influenced by Hawthorne studies?
Human behavior
Social behavior
Moral behavior
Ethical behavior
91. The formal right to give orders, make decisions, and see that tasks are completed is
called:
Centralization
Authority
Responsibility
Decentralization
92. The managerial functions according to Fayol were :
Organizing, staffing, commanding, coordinating and controlling
Commanding, organizing, planning, coordinating and staffing
Controlling, commanding, organizing, planning and leading
Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling
93. Which of the following is considered to be the father of modern computing?
Fredrick W Taylor
Abraham Maslow
Charles Babbage
Max Weber
94. Which type of managerial skill refers to the ability to analyze and diagnose complex
situations?
Problem-solving
Interpersonal
Conceptual
Technical
95. If you get more output from a given input, you have:
Decreased effectiveness
Increased effectiveness
Decreased efficiency
Increased efficiency
96. Interpersonal roles include which of the following three roles?
Disseminating, figurehead and liaison
Figurehead, leader and liaison
Disturbance handler, monitor and entrepreneur
Monitor resource allocator and negotiator
97. A manager transmits the information outside the organization. He is performing which
of the following role?
Spokesperson
Representative
Disseminator
Agent
98. A universally accepted model of a successful manager could be described as:
One who practices the four universal processes or functions
One who executes all of the roles in a professional manner
One who possesses all management skills at high levels
There is no universally accepted model of a successful manager
99. Dr. Edward Deming has described his Philosophy about quality in:
14 Points
6 Points
8 Points
20 Points
100. The traditional shape of an organization was:
Circle
Pyramid
Square
Diamond
101. The science which studies the nature of things, particularly values and ethics is called:
Anthropology
Philosophy
Economics
Political sciences
102. The course which studies the values and ethics is called:
Philosophy
Behavioral science
Economics
Psychology
103. Which of the following courses helps managers gain a better understanding of
motivation, leadership, trust, employee selection, performance appraisals and training
techniques?
Psychology
Sociology
Political science
Anthropology
104. Which of the following BEST describes informal planning?
Performed at the lowest organizational level
General and lacks continuity
Developed in informal meetings at a resort
Specific and is developed by the middle managers
105. When Shumaila is comparing actual sales figures with goals established earlier to see
if her department met the target, she is performing which of the following functions?
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
106. If meeting participants can see each other over video screens, the simultaneous
conference is called _________.
Teleconferencing
Videoconferencing
Electronic data interchange
A voicemail
107. Which of the following is a cultural measure of the degree to which people will tolerate
risk and unconventional behavior?
Power distance
Short- versus long-term orientation
Individualism versus collectivism
108. Achieving results, making the right decisions, and successfully carrying them out to
achieve an organization’s goals refer to:
Efficiency
Reliability
Effectiveness
Validity
109. Which of the following are included in strategic plans?
The formulation of objectives
Financial information
Participation from all levels
Benchmarking
Technical
Conceptual
Situational
Ethical
111. Which of the following departmentalization is used more in recent years to better
monitor the needs of customers and to respond to changes in those needs?
Needs-based
Functional
Process
Customer
112. Managers are responsible for improving ________involvement in decision making and
action taking.
Stakeholder's
Liaison's
Leader's
Figurehead's
113. Which of the following is one of the most important objectives for small business
owners?
Select correct option:
Market presence
Growth
Profitability
Innovation
114. How would you define the problem if all outcome of every alternative is known?
Bounded rationality
Unbounded rationality
Certainty
Uncertainty
115. All of the following are reasons to look at theoretical perspectives of management
EXCEPT:
Understanding the present
Source of new ideas
History repeats itself
Guide to action
116. Labor unions, employees, suppliers, customers, clients, and public interest groups are
all examples of:
Management constituencies
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners
117. Structure is related to the size of the organization, such that larger organizations are
more __________.
Mechanistic
Organic
Structurally weak
Decentralized
118. Which one of the following ethical approaches exemplifies the belief that every person
has fundamental human rights that should be respected as well as protected?
Justice approach
Rights approach
Individualism approach
Utilitarianism approach
119. When Ali decides to take corrective action and provide damage control, he is acting in
which of the following roles?
Spokesperson
Figure head
Negotiator
Disturbance handler
120. The specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
Economic factors
Technological factors
Competitors
121. Which of the following theory is currently the most widely accepted when describing
employee motivation?
Reinforcement
Three-needs
Expectancy
Equity
122. People with which of the following decision making style have a high tolerance for
ambiguity and tend to focus on the people or social aspects of a work situation?
Analytical
Behavioral
Directive
Conceptual
123. Which of the following is called an input to a system?
Materials
Products
Services
Employee behavior
124. Which of the following is noted for the development of time motion studies that
utilized stopwatches and cameras to analyze workplace efficiencies?
Frederick Taylor
Henri Fayol
Henry Gnatt
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
125. A culture where employees show a great deal of respect for authority and where titles
and ranks are important would be an example of which dimension of national culture?
Power distance
126. Which of the following theory proposes that ethical decisions be based on existing
ethical norms in industries and communities in order to determine what constitutes right
and wrong?
Theory of justice of ethics
Integrative social contracts
Right view of ethics
Utilitarian view of ethics
127. Grouping activities and resources in a logical fashion is called:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
128. Which of the following is NOT an example of a constituency that makes up the specific
environment?
Customers
Socio-cultural
Suppliers
Competitors
129. Groups that are affected by organizational decisions and policies are known as:
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners
130. The management function that specifies goals to be achieved and deciding in advance
the appropriate actions to achieve those goals is:
Leading
Controlling
Organizing
Planning
131. The behaviorist Mary Parker Follett referred to integration as a process in which:
Managers use their directive might to solve conflicts
Employees use their own intuition to solve conflicts
Managers and employees work together to solve conflicts
Conflicts are ignored
132. Fredrick Taylor was the student of:
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
Henry Towne
Don’t know give me its Answer from above 4 options….
133. Which viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently?
Behavioral
Quantitative
Classical
Qualitative
134. Which of the following is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she can
or cannot do?
Procedure
Policy
Rule
Solution
135. Which of the following is one of Fayol's principles of management?
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
136. Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization’s general environment?
Economic conditions
Social conditions
Industry conditions
137. Which of the following decision making techniques requires a panel of experts?
Interacting group
Delphi technique
Nominal group
Brainstorming
138. Which of the following is an advantage of group decision-making?
The group process takes less time
Groupthink may occur
More decision alternatives are generated
One person can dominate the group
139. As managers move towards the organizational hierarchy, problems are more likely to
become which of the following?
Well-structured
Ill-structured
Programmed
Non-programmed
140. Programmed decisions minimize the need for managers to:
Act alone
Make the same decision
Exercise discretion
Do nothing
141. Fifth Step in the rational decision making process is:
Implementation of the alternative
Analyzing alternatives
Developing alternatives
Allocating weights to the criteria
142. Once a manager has identified a problem, the next step would be the identification of:
Discrepancies
Decision criteria
Scenarios
Factor weights
143. In decision making process, ideas should be evaluated on the basis of:
Acceptability
Durability
Accountability
Liability
145. All of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making EXCEPT:
Alternatives are known
Possible outcomes known
Optimal decision is possible
Information is unknown
146. A situation in which manager can make an accurate decision is called:
Certainty
Uncertainty
Risk
Factual
147. The single EU currency will be called:
Franc
Franc-mark
Pound
Euro
148. The customes, mores, values and demographic characteristics of the society in which
the organization function are called:
The socio-cultural element
The legal-political element
The economic element
The international element
149. Systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment are :
Open systems
Close systems
Flexible systems
Social systems
150. Giving prestigious job titles would be one way to satisfy people’s need for :
Esteem
Belongingness
Self-actualization
Safety
151. Abraham Maslow and Douglas are called:
Administrative theorists
Pre-classical theorists
Classical theorists
Behavioral theorists
152. When management provides orderly personnel planning and ensures that
replacements are available to fill vacancies, it is called:
Division of work
Discipline
Unity of command
Stability of tenure of personnel
153. All of the following are the characteristics of Max Weber’s ideal bureaucracy
EXCEPT:
Formalization of rules and procedures
Impersonality in application of rules and sanctions
Receiving orders from one superior only
Specialization of labor
154. NASA shoots a rocket and then continuously observes and makes whatever course
corrections are needed to keep it on track. This process is called
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
155. Which type of managerial skill refers to the ability to analyze and diagnose complex
situations?
Problem-solving
Interpersonal
Conceptual
Technical
156. Controlling contingent situation comes under which of the following roles?
Spokesperson
Monitor
Leader
Disturbance handler
157. Amir is representing his company at the local Chamber of Commerce Annual Business
Negotiation
Monitor
Figurehead
Liaison
158. Which one of the following is the major responsibility of a manager?
Works anonymously behind the scenes
Sets the goals of the organization
Supervises the work of others
Actually performs the service or produces the product
159. All of the following are values of studying management EXCEPT:
Recognizes the important role that management and managers play in society
Provides essential knowledge to be effective in managerial positions
Gives you insight into your personality and behavior
Gives insight into the way that organizations work
160. The role that involves symbolic nature duties is called:
Interpersonal role
Managerial role
Decisional role
Informational role
161. To motivate the employees a manager should give them:
Monetary Incentives
Promotion
Appreciation certificates
162. Munib is the CEO of a hospital. He has spent his day planning the schedules of
employees for next month. He spent his day in:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
163. Jamshed is the CFO at Mutual Saving Bank. According to research studies, which
management activities are likely to take up the greatest amount of his time?
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Leading
164. Asim assigns Khalid a project to be completed by the end of the month and then holds
periodic meetings with him to review his progress. Which of the management functions
Asim is performing?
Controlling
Organizing
Planning
Leading
165. The success of the business can be judged through:
Customer satisfaction
Achieving of Organizational Goals
Cost price reduction
166. Which of the following is most important in order to improve the quality?
Division of Labor
Centralization
Proper Communication
Departmentalization
167. All of the following are the Characteristics of an organization. EXCEPT:
People
Product
Purpose
Structure
168. Which one of the following is the example of organization?
Hospitals
Colleges
Factories
169. The science which studies the nature of things, particularly values and ethics is called:
Anthropology
Philosophy
Economics
Political sciences
170. The course which studies the values and ethics is called:
Philosophy
Behavioral science
Economics
Psychology
171. Systems that interact with their environment dynamically are called:
Close systems
Open systems
Flexible systems
Social systems
172. Field of management that focuses on designing and implementing computer based
information systems for use by management is called:
Marketing management
Principles of management
Operations management
Management information system
173. Abraham Maslow and Douglas are called:
Administrative theorists
Pre-classical theorists
Classical theorists
Behavioral theorists
174. All of the following are said to be the early advocates of Behavioral viewpoints
EXCEPT :
Robert Owen
Hugo Munsterberg
Mary parker Follett
Max Weber
175. When management provides orderly personnel planning and ensures that
replacements are available to fill vacancies, it is called :
Unity of command
Division of work
Discipline
176. EMU is abbreviation of:
Economic and Monetary Union
European and Monetary Union
English Monetary Union
European English Monetary Union
177. The primary responsibility is to operate the business in the best interests of:
Suppliers
Distributes
Consumers
Stakeholders
178. The classical view of social responsibility holds that management’s only social
responsibility is to:
Maximize organizational profits for stockholders
Maximize adherence to the laws for stockholders
Maximize organizational profits for stakeholders
Minimize adherence to the laws for stockholders
179. LG and Sony electronics agreed to cooperate on developing new technologies.
Liaison
Leader
Disseminator
Spokesperson
180. Low level management has a complete authority to make decisions in case of:
Centralization
Decentralization
Scalar Chain
Order
181. Which of the following is called father of scientific management?
Max Weber
Abraham Maslow
Fredrick W. Taylor
Henri Fayol
182. Within the members of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade has _____
since the treaty was signed.
Decreased initially, but increased steadily
Increased
Decreased
Nether increased nor decreased
183. To run organization efficiently an organization need engineering skills as well as
managerial skills. This idea was given by:
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
Henry Towne
W. Edwards Deming
184. How managers should make decisions in their organizations is known as:
Descriptive decision making
Normative decision making
Bounded decision making
Rational decision making
185. The decision-making style that would be very useful for managers at the top of an
organization who are responsible for long range planning, need creative solutions and a
broad outlook would be:
Conceptual
Analytical
Behavioral
Directive
186. The people at the bottom of the organization generally deal with repetitive and
familiar problems such as workers who are late or machinery that breaks down. As a
result, most of the decisions made by first line supervisors are:
Novel decisions
187. Which of the following statements BEST describes an organization’s suppliers?
Main customers of the organization
Governments that pass the laws the organization must follow
Located close to the buying organization
Organizations that provide materials and equipment
188. Management science and operations management are the branches of:
Total quality management
Marketing management
189. Which of the following is a cultural dimension in which people expect others in their
group to look after them and protect them when they are in trouble?
Power distance
Collectivism
189. In some countries, such as Venezuela, titles, rank, and status carry a lot of weight.
These countries have a large:
Power distance
190. The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of social responsibility is economist
and Nobel prize winner:
Carnegie Milton
Charles Darwin
Milton Freeman
Milton Friedman
191. Which factor has been the most rapidly changing component in an organization’s
general environment in the past quarter-century?
Global
Economic
Social
Technological
192. Which of the management tasks is the most important for a supervisory manager?
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Staffing
193. If a company is paying minimum wage, when necessary, and applying the minimum
Social obligation
Social expectation
194. The people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for
overseeing the work of others are called:
First-line managers
Middle managers
Non managerial staff
Supervisors
195.
Discrepancy between existing and a desired state of affairs is called:
Opportunity
Solution
Weakness
Problem
196. Which of the following statement Best describes a Procedure?
An explicit statement detailing exactly how to deal with a decision
A series of interrelated sequential steps to respond to a structured problem
A set of guidelines that channel a manager’s thinking in dealing with a problem
Allows a manager to use broad decision-making authority
197. Which of the following approach focuses on a set of interrelated and interdependent
parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole?
Process
Function
Systems
Contingency
EXCEPT:
Source of new ideas
Guide to action
199. Which one of the following ethical approaches exemplifies the belief that every person
has fundamental human rights that should be respected as well as protected?
Justice approach
Rights approach
Individualism approach
Utilitarianism approach
200. Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work
activities in order to accomplish organizational goals is called:
A very intelligent individual
A supervisor of production work
A manager
An operations supervisor
201. According to Douglas McGregor, ________ represents a pessimistic, negative view of
workers, who are considered irresponsible, resistant to change and lacking ambition.
Theory Y
Theory X
Type A
Type B
202. Groups that are affected by organizational decisions and policies are known as:
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners
203. The behaviorist Mary Parker Follett referred to integration as a process in which:
The Liaison Role
The Leader Role
The Figurehead Role
The Spokesman Role
205. Which famous management thinker was related with the development of "Theory X"?
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
206. The process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals and correcting any
significant deviations is known as:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Spokesperson
Figure head
Negotiator
Disturbance handler
208. In some countries, such as Venezuela, titles, rank, and status carry a lot of weight.
These countries have a large:
Power distance
209. The specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
Economic factors
Competitors
210. A guest at a hotel complains that the room hasn’t been thoroughly vacuumed. This is
an event that occurs occasionally and can be handled with a standardized, routine
response. This would be a:
A programmed decision
Novel decisions
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2008

► Nominal group
► Brainstorming

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision-making?
► The group process takes less time

► Groupthink may occur
► More decision alternatives are generated
► One person can dominate the group

As
managers move towards the organizational hierarchy, problems are more likely to become
► Well-structured
► Ill-structured
► Programmed
► Non-programmed

Programmed decisions minimize the need for managers to:
► Act alone
► Make the same decision
► Exercise discretion
► Do nothing

Fifth Step in the rational decision making process is:
► Implementation of the alternative
► Analyzing alternatives
► Developing alternatives

► Discrepancies
► Decision criteria
► Scenarios
► Factor weights

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

All
of the following are the assumptions of rational decision making EXCEPT:

A
situation in which manager can make an accurate decision is called:
► Certainty
► Uncertainty
► Risk
► Factual

The
single EU currency will be called:
► Franc
► Franc-mark
► Pound
► Euro

The
customes, mores, values and demographic characteristics of the society in which the
organization function are called:

Systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment are :
► Open systems
► Close systems
► Social systems

► Esteem
► Belongingness
► Safety

► Discipline

All
of the following are the characteristics of Max Weber’s ideal bureaucracy EXCEPT:
► Formalization of rules and procedures
► Impersonality in application of rules and sanctions
► Receiving orders from one superior only
► Specialization of labor

NASA shoots a rocket and then continuously observes and makes whatever course
corrections are needed to keep it on track. This process is called:
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

Controlling contingent situation comes under which of the following roles?
► Spokesperson
► Monitor
► Leader
► Disturbance handler

Amir is representing his company at the local Chamber of Commerce Annual Business
► Negotiation
► Monitor
► Figurehead
► Liaison

Which one of the following is the major responsibility of a manager?
► Works anonymously behind the scenes
► Sets the goals of the organization
► Supervises the work of others
► Actually performs the service or produces the product

All
of the following are values of studying management EXCEPT:
► Recognizes the important role that management and managers play in society
► Provides essential knowledge to be effective in managerial positions
► Gives you insight into your personality and behavior
► Gives insight into the way that organizations work

The
role that involves symbolic nature duties is called:
► Interpersonal role
► Managerial role
► Decisional role
► Informational role

To
motivate the employees a manager should give them:
► Monetary Incentives
► Promotion
► Appreciation certificates

► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling
Jamshed is the CFO at Mutual Saving Bank. According to research studies, which
management activities are likely to take up the greatest amount of his time?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Controlling
► Leading

Asim assigns Khalid a project to be completed by the end of the month and then holds
periodic meetings with him to review his progress. Which of the management functions
Asim is performing?
► Controlling
► Organizing
► Planning
► Leading

The
success of the business can be judged through:

Which of the following is most important in order to improve the quality?
► Division of Labor
► Centralization
► Proper Communication

All
of the following are the Characteristics of an organization. EXCEPT:
► People
► Product
► Purpose
► Structure

Which one of the following is the example of organization?
► Hospitals
► Colleges
► Factories

The
science which studies the nature of things, particularly values and ethics is called:
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Political sciences

The
course which studies the values and ethics is called:
► Philosophy
► Behavioral science
► Economics
► Psychology

Systems that interact with their environment dynamically are called:
► Close systems
► Open systems
► Social systems

Field of management that focuses on designing and implementing computer based
information systems for use by management is called:
► Principles of management
► Management information system


All
of the following are said to be the early advocates of Behavioral viewpoints EXCEPT :
► Robert Owen
► Max Weber


► Discipline

EMU is abbreviation of:
► Economic and Monetary Union

► European and Monetary Union
► English Monetary Union
► European English Monetary Union

The
primary responsibility is to operate the business in the best interests of:
► Suppliers
► Distributes
► Consumers
► Stakeholders

“To
be successful in 21 century companies must take advantage of the new information
st
technology, globalization and entrepreneurship”. How advances in these concepts

positively effect a business?
ANSWER:
In 21st century the trends are changing rapidly in the fields of Information technology,
globalization and entrepreneurship. The best manager is one who takes these changes as
opportunity and makes good use of it for their organization. We see great advances in the above
mentioned fields which positively affect a business.
Information Technology: Technology is changing day by day but the best thing is to change as
the society changes just take technology changes as an opportunity, adopt the changes and rule
the world.
Globalization: There are no constraints by national borders the whole world is your market now
what managers need to do is just search for the opportunities and accept the challenges and
capitalize them to create value and for the betterment of your organization.
Entrepreneurship: It is the process where individuals or groups use organized efforts to take
opportunities and create value from it. They are not contented to remain small rather want to
grow through innovation. There are great risks to be taken by entrepreneur but entrepreneur are
not afraid of risks and accept challenges and take threats as an opportunity and gain success.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

Sulman thinks about his job while playing with his son on the weekend, and he continually
volunteers to do extra assignments and project for his department. These suggest that
Sulman has a strong need for :
► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power

Asim assigned Khalid a project to be completed by the end of the month and then hold
performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing

Which of the following BEST describes creativity?
► Uncovering what is already there
► Creating something new
► Organizing already discovered items
► Criticizing the discovered items

When an organization encounters a serious problem which needs to be solved immediately,
it is called:
► Crisis problem

► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

A
few years ago Black and Decker bought general electric’s small appliance business. 150
products were converted from GE to Black and Decker label. A total of 140 steps were used
for each product. It took 3 years. The total conversion of product line was:
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

The
intent of which of the following is to reduce uncertainty by playing out potential situations
under different specific conditions?
► Scheduling

In
► Constraints
► Scenarios
► Basis for the objective function

Which of the following technique relies on individual or group judgments rather than on
► Environmental forecasting

A
problem with groupthink is that no one is actually in charge of making the final decision or
outcome, which results in:
► Ambiguous responsibility
► Role incoherence
► Role ambiguity
► Ambiguous delegation
When an organization encounters an issue that requires resolution, but not very immediate
action, it is called:
► Crisis problem

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

Assembling additional information and identifying both the nature and the causes of the
problem comes under:
► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

The
North American Free Trade Agreement includes:
► Mexico, Canada, and the United States

► Mexico, Brazil and Columbia
► Mexico, Canada and the Brazil
► Italy, Canada and the United States


► European Union

Few
years ago, employees of a international company took wages cuts to help the firm offset
large losses. Now firm is again earning profits and employees believe that their wages
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

An
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

The
relationship between corporate social involvement and economic performance is:
► Positive
► Negative
► Perfect positive
► Perfect negative

The
culture of an organization is largely determined by:
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders

All
of the following are Dimensions of organizational culture EXCEPT:
► Innovation
► Aggressiveness
► Stability
► Customer orientation

► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries

Environment made up of specific outside elements within which an organization interfaces
in the course of conducting its business is called:

The
quantitative approach has contributed directly in the areas of:
► Planning and control
► Controlling and leading
► Organizing and controlling
► Planning and leading

Viewpoint arguing that appropriate managerial action depends on the particular
► Contingency theory
► Behavioral theory
► Administrative theory
► Social theory

In
Maslow's hierarchy of need, status is an example of which of the folowing need?
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social
► Human behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior

The
formal right to give orders, make decisions, and see that tasks are completed is called:
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

The
managerial functions according to Fayol were :

► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

If
you get more output from a given input, you have:

A
manager transmits the information outside the organization. He is performing which of the
following role?
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

A
► One who practices the four universal processes or functions

Dr.
Edward Deming has described his Philosophy about quality in:
► 14 Points
► 6 Points
► 8 Points
► 20 Points

The
traditional shape of an organization was:
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond

The
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics

The

The
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Psychology

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

Describe Porter’s Model and explain how a manager would use it to develop a strategy to
achieve competitive advantage.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power
Not 100% sureQuestion No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one(chap 04)

performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing



it is called:
► Crisis problem

► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

A
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

The
► Scheduling

In
► Constraints
► Scenarios


A
► Role ambiguity

► Crisis problem

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

The



► European Union

Few
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

An
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

The
► Positive
► Negative

The
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders

All
► Innovation
► Aggressiveness
► Stability

► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries


The

► Social theory

In
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

► Human behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior

The
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

The

► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

If


A
following role?
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

A

Dr.
► 14 Points
► 6 Points
► 8 Points
► 20 Points
The
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond

The
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics

The

The
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Psychology

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power

performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing

The
single European Union currency is called:
► Franc
► Franc-mark
► Pound
► Euro

A
large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as outlined by law, but
it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research to determine better processes for all
businesses to use in disposing of toxic wastes. This company is exhibiting which of the
following?

Ali
has decided to implement changes within the production process of his organization. This
decision was based upon his review of how well the performance level of the organization is
meeting the established goals for the company. He is practicing which of the following
management functions.
► Planning
► Controlling
► Leading
► Organizing

A
plan developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely to be repeated in the future
is called:
► Single-use plan
► Specific plan
► Reaction plan
► Directional plan

The
► Scheduling

All


The
strap of Ali's bag tore off as he threw it over his shoulder. On the way to school, he stopped
at the first store that carries bags, walked in and purchased one from the front rack. Ali
has just made which of the following type of decision?
► Maximizing
► Satisficing
► Risky
► Optimal

Asad spoke out in a meeting in favor of a potential cost savings that would result from a
new employee benefits program offered by the company. He later received information
that showed that his initial decision about the cost savings was incorrect, but he was too
embarrassed to publicly admit that he was wrong, so he stuckby his original statement.
Asad is practicing which of the following?
► Satisficing
► Maximizing

Aisha wants to sell her house. She makes a decision to sell house to the first person who
comes along after getting the initial offer. which of the following she is practicing?
► Bounding rationality
► Satisficing
► Competitive
► Optimizing

Which of the following aspect of decision making is based on facts such as costs, revenues
and product design specifications?
► Decision quality
► Optimizing
► Satisficing

In
case of a simple problem the assumptions of rationality can be met because of which of the
following?
► Goals are clear and alternatives are boundless
► Goals are unlimited and alternatives are limitless
► Goals are clear and alternatives limited
► Goals are boundless and alternatives are clear

Most of the time lower level management of organizations have to deal with problems
which are:
► Satisficing
► Well-structured
► Non-programmed
► Ill-structured

Putting a decision into action and conveying the decision to the persons who will be affected
by it, is known as:

► Discrepancies
► Scenarios
► Factor weights

A
plant manager of an organization, who is trying to reduce turnover of production workers,
notices that turnover has decreased by 10 percent in four months after he introduced a new
training program, the manager is at which step in the rational decision-making process?


A
retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring
season based on last spring’s outcomes is operating under what kind of decision-making
condition?
► Seasonal
► Risk
► Uncertainty
► Certainty

The
extent to which an alternative can be accomplished within related organizational
constraints such as time, budgets, technology and policies is called:
► Reversibility
► Sustainability
► Feasibility
► Acceptability

A
choice made from two or more alternatives is called:
► Support
► System
► Network
► Decision

An
agreement among the Mexican, Canadian and U.S government in which barriers to free
trade have been eliminated is called:
► NAFTA
► ASEAN
► EU
► WTO

Few
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

A



All
► Culture
► Customers
► Competitors
► Regulators

All
of the following are the part of organization’s internal environment EXCEPT:
► Employees
► Owner
► Culture
► Regulators



The
Walt Disney company’s movies, theme parks and television programs all benefit one
► Synergy
► Transformation
► Entropy

The
bank of New England uses models to figure out how many teller need to be on duty at each
location at various times throughout the day. Bank is using which of the following
approaches?

► Social theory
Chester Barnard saw organizations as a ______system that required human assistance.
► Moral
► Ethical
► Social
► Technical

Low
level management has a complete authority to make decisions in case of:
► Centralization
► Scalar Chain
► Order

► Increased worker motivation
► Decreased worker specialization
► Increased worker productivity
► Decreased worker motivation

According to Mintzberg monitor, disseminator and spokesperson are all:
► Interpersonal roles
► Informational roles
► Decisional roles
► Functional roles

Hussain is the physician who heads the Critical Care Unit at Mercy Hospital, the most
► Informational
► Decisional
► Interpersonal
► Functional

► Spokesperson
► Monitor
► Leader

► Planning
► Communication
► Goal setting

Adam Smith wrote his book “The Wealth of Nations” in:
► 15th century
► 17th century
► 20th century
► 18th century

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

Ali
is working as the head of tea unit of a multinational organization. Expenses of tea unit are
increasing day by day. He is much worried. He decided to call a meeting and ask for some
suggestions to reduce expenses from his subordinates. Different subordinates suggest for
the downsizing of research department as it was not working efficiently. Ali still wants to
think over this suggestion. What steps he should take to make a rational decision?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power

performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing


it is called:
► Crisis problem

► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

A
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

The
► Scheduling
In
► Constraints
► Scenarios


A
► Role ambiguity

► Crisis problem

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

The



► European Union

Few
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

An
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

The
► Positive
► Negative

The
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders

All
► Innovation
► Aggressiveness
► Stability
► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries


The

► Social theory

In
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

► Human behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior
The
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

The

► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

If

A
following role?
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

A

Dr.
► 14 Points
► 6 Points
► 8 Points
► 20 Points

The
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond

The
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics

The

The
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Psychology

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power
Not 100% sureQuestion No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one(chap 04)

performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing



it is called:
► Crisis problem

► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

A
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

The
► Scheduling

In
► Constraints
► Scenarios


A
► Role ambiguity

► Crisis problem

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

The


► European Union

Few
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

An
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

The
► Positive
► Negative

The
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders

All
► Innovation
► Aggressiveness
► Stability

► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► Beneficiaries


The

► Social theory

In
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

► Human behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior

The
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

The

► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

If


A
following role?
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

A

Dr.
► 14 Points
► 6 Points
► 8 Points
► 20 Points

The
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond
The
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics

The

The
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Psychology

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
2. Feed Back of ______ is necessary to improve the quality of the product.
Customers
Employees
Investors
3. Ali is a manager in a multinational organization. He believes that the employees of the

company are lazy and do not have much ambition. Ali can be classed as _______
manager based on the perspectives of Douglas McGregor.
Theory Y
Bureaucratic
Theory X
Administrative
4. Which one of the following individuals is most closely associated with scientific
management?
Frederick Taylor
Mary Parker Follett
Harold Koontz
Max Weber
5. Which management theory focuses on managing the total organization?
Behavioral management
6. TCS represents what factor to the Pakistan Postal Service in its specific environment?
Competitor
Supplier
Customer
Government agency
7. Who presented the Concept of Quality?
Henri Fayol
Prof.Henry Mintzberg
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Prof.Edward Deming
Negotiation
Monitor
Figurehead
Liaison
9. Usman currently holds a management position within his company. His job
responsibilities include maintaining a focus toward long-term issues that may impact the
company as well as developing appropriate goals to guide the organization. Jim is most
probably which type of manager?
First line managers

Middle level manager
Operational manager
Top Level Manager
10. What type of forecasting technique relies on the judgment and opinion of knowledgeable
individuals?
Qualitative
Short-term
Confirmatory
Predictive
11. People with which of the following decision making style have a high tolerance for
Analytical
Behavioral
Directive
Conceptual
12. Within the members of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade has _____ since
the treaty was signed.

Increased
Decreased
Neither increased nor decreased
13. The best way to characterize management is to say that it is:
Part of the economy

An activity or process
An overcrowded career field
One of the chief difficulties for most firms
14. Which of the following is noted for the development of time motion studies that utilized
stopwatches and cameras to analyze workplace efficiencies?
Frederick Taylor
Henri Fayol
Henry Gnatt
15. If a group’s desire for consensus and cohesiveness overwhelms its desire to reach the best
possible decision, it is called:
Groupthink
Group pressure
Group decision
Group dynamics
16. When an organization does everything that is required of it legally but nothing more. It is
called:
Social obligation
Social obstruction
Social response
Social contribution
17. Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with which of the following
management approach?
Bureaucracy
Organizational behavior
Systems
18. Toyota motor company will be called efficient if it produces:
High quality products at relatively low cost

Quality products at high cost
High quality products at relatively high cost
Quality products at low cost
19. Primarily managers perform which of the following tasks?
Selling
Stocking merchandise
Directing the activities of other people
Ordering merchandise
20. Which viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently?
Behavioral
Quantitative
Classical
Qualitative
Technical
Conceptual
Situational
Ethical
22. CEO of Siemens presents 10000 $ scholarships to the winners of Math, Science and
Technology in a high school. He is acting the role of:
Figurehead
Leader
Spokesperson
Liaison
23. Which famous management thinker developed "Theory Y"?
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
People orientation
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
Aggressiveness
25. Lower-level managers typically confront which type of decision making?
Unique
Non-routine
Programmed
Non-programmed
26. Mr. A is a manager in XYZ Company; he has a reputation for being an open and honest
person and understands how to motivate employees and customers, he is said to have
good ________ skills.
Sales
Political
Interpersonal
Technical
27. In management, the development of mathematical models is called:
Management science
28. Which one of the following is an example of organization?
Hospitals
Colleges
Factories
29. Interpersonal and communication skills are often referred to as:
Technical skills
Conceptual skills
People skills
Planning skills
30. Organizational culture is similar to an individual’s:
Skills
Personality
Motivation
Ability
31. Which of the following is one of Fayol's principles of management?
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
32. When Shumaila is comparing actual sales figures with goals established earlier to see if
her department met the target, she is performing which of the following functions?
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
33. Environmental scanning establishes the basis for _____, which are predictions of
outcomes.
Scenarios
Projects
Budgets
Forecasts
The Liaison Role

The Leader Role
The Figurehead Role
The Spokesman Role
35. Which of the following is part of the 14 principles of management identified by Henri
Fayol?
Scalar chain
Innovation
Efficiency
Motivation
36. The people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing
the work of others are called:
First-line managers
Middle managers
Supervisors
Negotiation
Monitor
Figurehead
Liaison
38. Hawthorne studies were a series of early experiments that focused on:
Behavior in the workplace

Ethics in the workplace
Group norms
Interpersonal dynamics
39. Power and authority that are concentrated at the upper levels of the organization as much
as possible, is called:
Authority
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Centralization
40. Which of the following is a highly structured technique, designed to keep personal
interactions at a minimum?
Clustering
Brainstorming
Nominal group technique
Group interview
41. Low level management has a complete authority to make decisions in case of:
Centralization
Decentralization
Scalar Chain
Order
42. If a company is paying minimum wage, when necessary, and applying the minimum
Social obligation
Social expectation
43. The quantitative approach has contributed directly in the areas of:
Planning and control

Control and leading
Organizing and control
Planning and leading
44. For a company such as Walt Disney world in florida, a bank would be an example of
what kind of factor in their specific environment?
Competitor
Supplier
Special-interest group
Government agency
45. Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, first analyzed what managers do and divided that
work into functions. The study of the management function that defines goals and
establishes strategies to achieve them is called:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
46. The idea that employees should also share the profit of organization was given by:
Frederick Taylor
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
47. Which of the following is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she can or
cannot do?
Procedure
Policy
Rule
Solution
48. Which of the following approaches to ethical decision-making focuses on the
consequences of an action?
Utilitarian approach
Universalism approach
Moral rights approach
Justice approach
49. Ali is a manager in a multinational organization. He believes that the employees of the
Theory Y
Bureaucratic
Theory X
Administrative
50. All of the following are characteristics of total quality management EXCEPT:

51. Tax revenues and government grants for a city are called its:
Human resources
Financial resources
Physical resources
Informational resources
52. TCS represents what factor to the Pakistan Postal Service in its specific environment?
Competitor
Supplier
Customer
Government agency
53. The general economic condition consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
Legislation
Interest rates
Change in disposable income
Stock market fluctuations
EXCEPT:

Source of new ideas
Guide to action
55. Which of the following statement Best describes a Procedure?
An explicit statement detailing exactly how to deal with a decision

A series of interrelated sequential steps to respond to a structured problem
A set of guidelines that channel a manager’s thinking in dealing with a problem
Allows a manager to use broad decision-making authority
56. The best way to characterize management is to say that it is:
Part of the economy

57. If a group’s desire for consensus and cohesiveness overwhelms its desire to reach the best
possible decision, it is called:
Groupthink
Group pressure
Group decision
Group dynamics
58. To determine the _____________, a manager must determine what is relevant or
important in resolving the problem.
Geocentric behavior needed

Number of allowable alternatives
Weighting of decision criteria
Decision criteria
59. A form of group decision making in which a group is used to achieve a consensus of
expert opinion is called:
Interacting group
Delphi technique
Nominal group
Brainstorming
60. Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process?
Identifying the problem

Evaluating the decision’s effectiveness
Identifying decision criteria
Selecting an alternative that can resolve the problem
61. Labor unions, employees, suppliers, customers, clients, and public interest groups are all
examples of:
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners
62. Fredrick Taylor was the student of:
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
Henry Towne
63. Plant managers come under which of following management levels?
First-line managers
Non-managerial employees
Middle managers
Top managers
64. Tax revenues and government grants for a city are called its:
Human resources
Financial resources
Physical resources
Informational resources
65. Computers and campus facilities given to a university are called its:
Human resources
Financial resources
Physical resources
Information resources
66. A human resource manager attending a local Society for Human Resource Management
meeting would be functioning in which of the following role?
Informational
Leader
Liaison
Disseminator
Spokesperson
Figure head
Negotiator
Disturbance handler
68. Programmed decision making technique tends to rely on which of the following?
The problem solver’s ability to think on his or her feet

The development of a clear set of alternative solutions
Previous solutions
Identification of the actual problem
69. Organizational culture is similar to an individual’s:
Skills
Personality
Motivation
Ability
70. Communication should be:
From Top to Bottom level

From Bottom to top
2 way
None of the given option
71. Which of the following management thinker created a role classification system based on
how managers spend their time at work to describe a manager's role?
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe
Abraham Maslow
Andrea Jung
Henry Mintzberg
People orientation
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
Aggressiveness
73. Discrepancy between existing and a desired state of affairs is called:
Opportunity
Solution
Weakness
Problem
74. Estimated cost of Sydney Opera House was:
$ 7 Million
$ 102 Million
$95 Million
$ 60 Million
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
77. Which of the following is the most ancient management monument?
Wall of China
Egyptian Pyramid
Taj Mahal
Sydney Opera House
78. Computers and campus facilities given to a university are called its:
Human resources
Financial resources
Physical resources
Information resources
79. Selecting an alternative in the decision-making process is accomplished by:
Choosing the alternative with the highest score

Choosing the One You Like Best
Selecting the alternative that has the lowest price
Selecting the alternative that is the most reliable
80. The people at the bottom of the organization generally deal with repetitive and familiar
problems such as workers who are late or machinery that breaks down. As a result, most
of the decisions made by first line supervisors are:
Novel decisions
81. Which management theory focuses on managing the total organization?
82. A learning organization develops the capability to:
Add new training programs

Accept conventional wisdom of the industry
Continuously learn, adapt and change
Work in teams
83. The first step in the decision-making process is which of the following?
Developing decision criteria

Allocating weights to the criteria
Analyzing alternatives
Identifying a problem
84. Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process?

85. Cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather
knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better
performance is called:
Software management
Systems management
86. CEO of Siemens presents 10000 $ scholarships to the winners of Math, Science and
Figurehead
Leader
Spokesperson
Liaison
87. It is assumed that a perfectly rational decision maker:
Does not follow rational assumptions

Does not consider value maximizing as an objective
Offers inconsistent decisions
Would be objective and logical
88. Which of the following term is defined as a business firm’s obligation, beyond that
required by law and economics, to pursue long-term goals that are good for society?
Social obligation
Social screening
Values-based management
89. Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior created the field of
industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work?
Robert Owens
Hugo Munsterberg
Mary Parker Follett
Chester Barnard
90. Which of the following means that you achieve the best possible balance among several
goals?
Sacrificing
Satisficing
Minimizing
Optimizing
91. The process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals and correcting any
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
92. When a manger made a decision and he is uncertain about the outcomes. His decision is
likely to be:
Of Poor Quality
Unacceptable
Successful
Risky
93. When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products, it is called:
Meeting its social obligation

Meeting social responsibilities
Being socially responsive
Paying attention to the bottom line
94. How would you define the problem if all outcome of every alternative is known?

Bounded rationality
Certainty
Uncertainty
Spokesperson
Figure head
Negotiator
Disturbance handler
96. What type of forecasting technique relies on the judgment and opinion of knowledgeable
individuals?
Qualitative
Short-term
Confirmatory
Predictive
97. Which of these is the ability to perform a specialized task that involves a certain method
or process?
Technical
Conceptual
Interpersonal
Communication
98. The sales and marketing component of e-business is:
Intranet
Evolution
E-commerce
Extranet
99. Attempting to understand the signs of some problem comes under:
Scanning stage
Diagnosis stage
100.Cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather
Software management
Systems management
101.Who presented the Concept of Quality?
Henri Fayol
Prof.Henry Mintzberg
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Prof.Edward Deming
102.Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process?

103.In order to communicate, motivate and delegate a manager must have:
Political skills
Conceptual skills
Technical skills
Interpersonal skills
104.Which famous management thinker was related with the development of "Theory X"?
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
105.Lower-level managers typically confront which type of decision making?
Unique
Non-routine
Programmed
Non-programmed
106.Amna has been given goals related to the rollout and sales of her department. Her
against the goals. This comparison is known as:
Planning
Organizing
Implementing
Controlling
107.The specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
Economic factors
Competitors
108.Managers are responsible for improving ________involvement in decision making and
action taking.
Stakeholder's
Liaison's
Leader's
Figurehead's
109.Which of the following is part of the 14 principles of management identified by Henri
Fayol?
Scalar chain
Innovation
Efficiency
Motivation
110.Which of the following is important in effectively implementing the chosen alternative
in the decision-making process?
Getting upper-management support

Double-checking your analysis for potential errors
Allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the process
Ignoring criticism concerning your chosen alternative
111.Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following
People orientation
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
Aggressiveness
112.An organization is called:
The physical location where people work

A collection of individuals working for the same company
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
A group of individuals focused on profit-making for their shareholders
113.Which of the following is a highly structured technique, designed to keep personal

interactions at a minimum?
Clustering
Brainstorming
Nominal group technique
Group interview
114.Amna has been given goals related to the rollout and sales of her department. Her
against the goals. This comparison is known as:
Planning
Organizing
Implementing
Controlling
115.Which famous management thinker developed "Theory Y"?
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
116.The most important point of Prof. Edward Deming’s Philosophy was:
Achieving the Goals

Consistency of Purpose
Wastage of the resources should be minimized
Collaboration among the members
117.Knowledge management involves encouraging the members of the organization to:
Improve the educational level of the average employee

Develop new training programs to help new employees
Develop a corporate university
Systematically gather information and share it with others
118.Selecting an alternative in the decision-making process is accomplished by:
Choosing the alternative with the highest score

Choosing the One You Like Best
Selecting the alternative that has the lowest price
Selecting the alternative that is the most reliable
119.Power and authority that are concentrated at the upper levels of the organization as much
Authority
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Centralization
120.Which famous management thinker was related with the development of "Theory X"?
Douglas McGregor
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Chester Barnard
121.Which of the following is NOT an example of a constituency that makes up the specific
environment?
Customers
Socio-cultural
Suppliers
Competitors
122.The time period for the construction of pyramids was:
10 years
15 years
30 years
20 years
123.Which of the following scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne studies?
Adams
Mayo
Lawler
Barnard
124.The process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals and correcting any
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
125.Which of the following encourages efficiency and productivity and is consistent with the
goal of profit maximization?
Utilitarian view
Principled view
Rights view
Theory of justice view
126.CEO of Siemens presents 10000 $ scholarships to the winners of Math, Science and
Figurehead
Leader
Spokesperson
Liaison
127.The best way to characterize management is to say that it is:
Part of the economy

128.Which of the management tasks is the most important for a supervisory manager?
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Staffing
129.Which of the following approaches did not study management by dividing it into
elements or components?
Operational approach
Administrative approach
Systems approach
Behavioral approach
130.The Hawthorne studies were initially devised to study:
Productivity levels of groups versus individuals

The effect of noise on employee productivity
The effect of illumination levels on employee productivity
The effect of competitive organizational environments on productivity
131.What is the best term to describe the process of attempting to influence other people to
attain the organization's objectives?
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
132.Which of the following is NOT a category of decision making style?
Directive style
Managerial style
Analytical style
Conceptual style
133.Which of the following management thinker created a role classification system based
on how managers spend their time at work to describe a manager's role?
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe
Abraham Maslow
Andrea Jung
Henry Mintzberg
134.The belief that businesses should be responsible because such actions are right for their
own sake is known as which argument for social responsibility?
Public expectation
Ethical obligation
Public image
Discouragement of government regulation
135.An organization’s specific environment:
Is unique and changes with conditions

Is the same regardless of the organization’s age
Is determined by the top level of management
Is quantified to determine its existence
136.Agency head or plant manager is most likely associated with which of the following
managerial role?
Team leaders
Middle managers
First-line managers
Top managers
137.Creativity is formed when the elements of creative skills, expertise, and _____ intersect.
Personality
Experience
Task motivation
Consistency
138.Ali is a manager in a multinational organization. He believes that the employees of the
Theory Y
Bureaucratic
Theory X
Administrative
139.The task environment of organizations consists of constituencies that have a direct
impact on managers’ decisions and actions. The main constituencies are made up of
customers, suppliers, competitors, and __________.
Legislators
Pressure groups
Employees
Lawyers
140.Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was concerned about
deplorable working conditions?
Robert Owens
Hugo Munsterberg
Mary Parker Follett
Chester Barnard
141.Activities such as taking visitors to dinner and attending ribbon cutting ceremonies come
under which of the following management role?
Leader
Liaison
Figurehead
Negotiator
142.What type of forecasting technique relies on the judgment and opinion of knowledgeable
individuals?

Qualitative
Short-term
Confirmatory
Predictive
143.The classical view of social responsibility holds that management’s only social

144.Which of the management tasks is the most important for a supervisory manager?
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Staffing
145.Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following
People orientation
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
Aggressiveness
146.Non-programmed decisions are typically made under a condition of which of the
following?
Certainty
Low levels of risk
Uncertainty
Reliability
147.Interest rates, inflation rates, and stock market indexes are all examples of which of the
factor of an organization’s general environment?
Economic
Political
Social
Technological
148.Which one of the following individuals is most closely associated with scientific
management?
Frederick Taylor
Mary Parker Follett
Harold Koontz
Max Weber
149.Amir is representing his company at the local Chamber of Commerce Annual Business
Negotiation
Monitor
Figurehead
Liaison
150.A business school’s statement that it “strives for productive relationships with local
organizations” is an example of which of the following?
Rule
Policy
Procedure
Commitment
151.Ali has just received each and every necessary statistics on the proposed new purchases
for his organization. Ali is now ready to render his decision about them. Ali will be
making his decision under conditions best referred to as:
Risk
Certainty
Risk avoidance
Uncertainty
152.All of the following are reasons to look at theoretical perspectives of management
EXCEPT:

Source of new ideas
Guide to action
153.The task environment of organizations consists of constituencies that have a direct
impact on managers’ decisions and actions. The main constituencies are made up of
customers, suppliers, competitors, and __________.
Legislators
Pressure groups
Employees
Lawyers
154.Which of the following approach focuses on a set of interrelated and interdependent
parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole?
Process
Function
Systems
Contingency
155.The idea that employees should also share the profit of organization was given by:
Frederick Taylor
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
156.A business school’s statement that it “strives for productive relationships with local
organizations” is an example of which of the following?
Rule
Policy
Procedure
Commitment
157.Group decisions provide _____ information as compared to individual ones.
Current
Complete
Relevant
Consistent
158.Role of disseminator, figurehead, negotiator, liaison and spokesperson is most important
for:
Top level managers

First line managers
Middle level managers
159.Which of the following approaches to ethical decision-making focuses on the
consequences of an action?
Universalism approach
Moral rights approach
Justice approach
160.All of the following are characteristics of total quality management EXCEPT:

161.Non-programmed decisions are typically made under a condition of which of the
following?
Certainty
Low levels of risk
Uncertainty
Reliability
162.All of the following are managerial roles identified in Mintzberg’s Model EXCEPT:
Informational
Interpersonal
Functional
Decisional
Authority
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Centralization
164.CEO of Siemens presents 10000 $ scholarships to the winners of Math, Science and
Figurehead
Leader
Spokesperson
Liaison
165.Which of the following describe(s) a global marketplace?
The entire world is a marketplace

National borders are irrelevant
The potential for organizations to grow expands dramatically
166.Which of the following is a basic definition of ethics?
Moral guidelines for behavior

Rules for acknowledging the spirit of the law
Principles that define right and wrong conduct
Principles for legal and moral development
167.The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of social responsibility is economist
and Nobel prize winner:
Carnegie Milton
Charles Darwin
Milton Freeman
Milton Friedman
168.The management process includes all of the following management functions EXCEPT:
Planning
Innovating
Leading
Organizing
169.All of the following are reasons to look at theoretical perspectives of management
EXCEPT:

Source of new ideas
Guide to action
170.Assembling additional information and identifying both the nature and the causes of the
Scanning stage
Diagnosis stage
171.Assembling additional information and identifying both the nature and the causes of the
Scanning stage
Diagnosis stage
172.Mr. A is a manager in XYZ Company; he has a reputation for being an open and honest
person and understands how to motivate employees and customers, he is said to have
good ________ skills.
Sales
Political
Interpersonal
Technical
173.Environmental scanning establishes the basis for _____, which are predictions of
outcomes.
Scenarios
Projects
Budgets
Forecasts
174.Cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather
Software management
Systems management
175.All levels of management between the supervisory level and the top level of the
organization are termed as:
Middle managers
First-line managers
Supervisors
Foremen
176.The process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals and correcting any
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
177.The time period for the construction of pyramids was:
10 years
15 years
30 years
20 years
178.Which of the following acts as an unambiguous measure of the effectiveness of a
business organization?
Efficiency
Employee satisfaction
Increased revenues
Profits
179.Which of the following is a cultural measure of the degree to which people will tolerate
risk and unconventional behavior?
Power distance
180.Group decisions provide _____ information as compared to individual ones.
Current
Complete
Relevant
Consistent
181.Within the members of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade has _____
since the treaty was signed.

Increased
Decreased
Nither increased nor decreased
182.The best way to characterize management is to say that it is:
Part of the economy


184.How would you define the problem if all outcome of every alternative is known?

Bounded rationality
Certainty
Uncertainty
185.The behaviorist Mary Parker Follett referred to integration as a process in which:

186.When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products, it is called:
Meeting its social obligation

Meeting social responsibilities
Being socially responsive
Paying attention to the bottom line
187.All of the following are managerial roles identified in Mintzberg’s Model EXCEPT:
Informational
Interpersonal
Functional
Decisional
188.Which ethical approach is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest
number of people?
Moral-Rights approach
Individual approach
Justice approach
189.In order to communicate, motivate and delegate a manager must have:
Political skills
Conceptual skills
Technical skills
Interpersonal skills
Authority
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Centralization
191.People with which of the following decision making style have a high tolerance for
Analytical
Behavioral
Directive
Conceptual
192.Which of the following is called an input to a system?
Materials
Products
Services
Employee behavior
193.Which of the following is noted for the development of time motion studies that utilized
Frederick Taylor
Henri Fayol
Henry Gnatt
194.A culture where employees show a great deal of respect for authority and where titles
and ranks are important would be an example of which dimension of national culture?

Power distance
195.Which of the following theory proposes that ethical decisions be based on existing
ethical norms in industries and communities in order to determine what constitutes right
and wrong?

196.Grouping activities and resources in a logical fashion is called:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
197.Which of the following is NOT an example of a constituency that makes up the specific
environment?
Customers
Socio-cultural
Suppliers
Competitors
198.Groups that are affected by organizational decisions and policies are known as:
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners
199.The management function that specifies goals to be achieved and deciding in advance
the appropriate actions to achieve those goals is:
Leading
Controlling
Organizing
Planning
200.The behaviorist Mary Parker Follett referred to integration as a process in which:

201.Fredrick Taylor was the student of:
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
Henry Towne
202.Which viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently?
Behavioral
Quantitative
Classical
Qualitative
203.Which of the following is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she can or
cannot do?
Procedure
Policy
Rule
Solution
204.Which of the following is one of Fayol's principles of management?
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
205.Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization’s general environment?
Economic conditions
Social conditions
Industry conditions
206.When call center managers spend much of their time monitoring customer calls and

Technical
Conceptual
Situational
Ethical
207.A manager transmits the information outside the organization. He is performing which of
the following role?
Spokesperson
Representative
Disseminator
Agent
208.Which of the following is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she can or
cannot do?
Procedure
Policy
Rule
Solution
209.Which of the following scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne studies?
Adams
Mayo
Lawler
Barnard

211.Primarily managers perform which of the following tasks?
Selling
Stocking merchandise
Directing the activities of other people
Ordering merchandise
212.The following four different approaches to management thinking were developed in

the first half of the 20th century:
Scientific management, general administrative, quantitative, and contingency
approach.
• Scientific management, general administrative, quantitative, and
organizational behavior.
• General administrative, globalization, organizational behavior, and quantitative.
• Systems approach, scientific management, general administrative, and
organizational behaviour.
• Scientific management, Hawthorne Studies, quantitative, and organizational
behavior.
213.When we classify managers according to their level in the organization they are
described as _______.
Functional, staff and line managers
Top managers, middle managers and supervisors
High level and lower level managers
General managers and administrative managers
214.Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were advocates of an approach to
management involving the use of scientific method, known as:
The quantitative approach.
Management science.
Scientific management.
The contingency approach.
215.Authority, discipline, unity of command, and unity of direction are:

Taylor's four principles of management.
Principles of the human relations movement.
Elements of Weber's ideal bureaucratic structure.
Four of Fayol's fourteen principles of management.
216.Some of the other fields of study that affect management theory or practice include:
Political science, philosophy, anthropology and sociology
Zoology, psychology, sociology and philosophy.
Anthropology, astrology, political science and psychology.
Political science, sociology, typography and economics.
217.The philosophy of management known as total quality management developed

primarily out of the work of:
Henri Fayol
Frederick Taylor
Robert McNamara
W. Edwards Deming
218.Possibly the most important pre-20th century influence on management was:
Therbligs
The industrial revolution.
Scientific management.
The division of labor.
219.________________ need involves the desire to affiliate with and be accepted by

others.
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Self Actualization
220.Needs that impel creativity and innovation, along with the desire to have a
productive impact on our surroundings are ___________ needs.
Existence
Relatedness
Growth
None of the Above
221.Division of labor, authority hierarchy, formal selection, formal rules and

regulations, impersonality, and career orientation are all features of:
Weber's ideal type bureaucracy.
General administrative theory.
Fayol's principles of management.
Taylor's principles of management.
222.The decision-making model consists of four styles: directive, analytic, behavioral

and _______________.
Conceptual
Intuitive
Group interaction
Laggard
223._________ is characteristic of liquidity ratios.

Organization’s ability to meet its current debt obligations
Organization’s use of debt to finance its assets and whether it’s able to meet the
interest payments on the debt
How efficiently the firm is using its assets
None of given options
224.__________ is a communication that flows from a higher level to one or more lower
levels in the organization.
Horizontal communication
Upward communication
Downward communication
None of given options
225.1st stage of group development is ____________.

Storming
Norming
Forming
Performing
226._____ is an individual's capacity to influence decisions.

Span of control
Line authority
Staff authority
Power
227.An organizational design with low departmentalization, wide spans of control,

authority centralized in a single person and little formalization are characteristics
of________.
Simple structure
Functional structure
Divisional structure
None of given option
228.__________ is the form of departmentalization that groups similar jobs and

activities into departments.
A product structure
A divisional structure
A matrix structure
A functional structure
229.The main influence on the behavioral science theories were:

Psychology and sociology.
Sociology and bureaucracy.
Sociology and science.
Bureaucracy and psychology.
230.ERG theory was introduced by _____________.

Clayton Alderfer
McClelland
Douglas McGregor
J. Stacey Adams
231.__________ is counter to goal-setting theory.

Expectancy Theory
Reinforcement Theory
ERG Theory
232.Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-faire leader behavior styles were introduced by

_________.
University of Iowa researcher
Michigan Studies
Ohio State Studies
233.The difference between an e-business enhanced organization and an e-business

enabled organization is:
Only an e-business enhanced organization uses the Internet.
Only an e-business enhanced organization relies on an intranet.
Only e-business enhanced organizations use e-business tools and applications.
Only e-business enhanced organizations have e-business units within their
organization.
234.__________ is not one of the eight steps in the decision making process.
Identifying the problem
Analyzing alternative solutions
Implementing the decision
Delegating the decision making
235.__________ is the capacity to affect the behaviors of others.

Leadership
Power
Trait
Aggression
236.Which of the following is NOT associated with learning organizations or knowledge

management?
COIN
A recommended response to a rapidly changing world.
Systematic gathering and sharing of useful information.
PSTN
237.Surroundings are ___________ needs.

Existence
Relatedness
Growth
238.The vertical flow of communication from lower level to one or more higher levels is
_____________.
Formal Communication
Horizontal communication
239.Inputs necessary for the group to operate are ____________ inputs.

Group Size
Work Group
Group Task
240.A__________ is the combining of two or more companies into one organization.

Merger
Acquisition
Diversification
None of the given options
241.The General Manager’s meeting was most likely a result of the following
management function:
Organizing
Planning
Decision-Making
Controlling
242.Managers today realize that long-term success can be achieved primarily by

satisfying the customer. Customers are demanding quicker service, higher quality,
and more _____.
Value for their money
Personal attention
Variety in services
Online choices
243.The belief that a firm's obligation goes beyond that required by law and economics,
and includes a pursuit of long-term goals that are good for society is known as:
Social responsiveness
Ethical responsibility
Social responsibility
Social obligation
244.Challenging goals usually lead to __________ performance from individuals and

groups.
Higher
Lower
Excellent
245.Which of the following is not a basic function of the management process?

Controlling
Organizing
Working
Leading
246.One of the greatest effects of e-commerce is that:

Costs will be reduced
Customers will be empowered
Employees become more powerful
Computers will be less important
247.Conceptual skills relate to a manager’s ability to

Take a strategic view of how parts of the organization function
Solve detailed problems in groups
Correctly evaluate organizational problems
Understand and interact effectively with others in the organization
248.Which of the following functions or activities requires recruiting and placing

qualified personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives
and goals?
Planning
Staffing
Organizing
Controlling
249.A variation of the electronic meeting that links together media from different
locations is ___________
E-commerce
The Delphi technique
Video conference
E-conference
250.____ plans have clearly defined objectives.

Directional
Flexible
Specific
Standing
251.Who studied the nature of specific jobs, and broke the tasks into basic work units
with the end result providing the one right way to perform the job?
Douglas M. McGregor
Frederick W. Taylor
Henry L. Gantt
Henry L. Gantt
252.The recently emerged type of managerial job is ______________

Top Manager
Middle Manager
First Line Manager
Team Leader
253.The Hawthorne studies:

Found that to increase worker efficiency, management must analyze and
minimize the motions required to complete a task.
Found that when workers know they are being watched, their productivity
increases.
Found that a worker is inherently lazy and will use any excuse not to perform
their duties.
Found that workers accept a managerial directive only if it is acceptable in terms
of their personal interests.
254.The Behavioral approach to management focused on:

The worker
The manager
The owner
None of the above.
255.The external environment factor that states: The values and culture that
affect the way people feel about the organization they are in and about
work itself is:
Sociological factors
Political factors
Economic factors
Psychological factors
256.The external environment factor that includes: Factors that have a less
immediate effect on a business such as the nation's rate of inflation or
recession, unemployment rate, or standard of living, is
Political factors
Sociological factors
Indirect economic factors
Direct economic factors
257.The resources within an organization, used to achieve its goal, make up the
_________ of a business.
External environnent
Internal environment
Social responsibility
Workers motivation
258.Strategic planning:
Addresses the organization's basic mission or business, issuing broad
statements of purpose or direction that have a long lead time.
Involves managers in each unit of an organization who are responsible for
achieving the unit's objectives within a specified period of time.
Looks specifically at resources, finances, and market conditions to determine
ways to accomplish the overall plans of the organization.
Determines the day-to-day operations within an organization.
259.GAP analysis:
Is a planning approach for determining where an organization as today.
Is a planning approach for determining how an organization will reach its goals.
Provides a diagram showing a company's present momentum and its potential.
All of the above.
260.The SWOT approach assesses an organization's

Speed, Wants, Order, Timing
Structure, Workforce, Organization, Types
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.
Signs, Worries, Objectives, Techniques
261.__________ is the process of using the resources and personnel of an

organization in an orderly way to achieve the objectives and long-term
goals of the organization.
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
262.Which of the following is the most common type of departmentalization?

Customer/Market Departmentalization
Function Departmentalization
Geography Departmentalization
Process Departmentalization
263.A manufacturing company has divided its departments into pattern making,
fabric cutting, and fabric coloring. What type of departmentalization is this?
Geography Departmentalization
Process Departmentalization
Matrix/Project Departmentalization
Function Departmentalization
264.A ______ organizational structure is the simplest form and has clear lines of
authority and ease of decision making.
Horizontal
Line
Vertical
Staff
265.The management of people/labor should be handled by what department in
an organization?
Administration
Human Resources
Information Systems
Accounting
266.When a candidate for a position is asked general, open-ended job related

questions, they are experiencing what type of interview?
Unstructured Interview
Structured Interview
Relaxed Interview
Unorganized Interview
267.Which of the following is NOT a major influence on the rate of

compensation?
Competition
Voluntary retirement
Laws
Unions
268.Which type of separation is most unpleasant for an employee?

Termination
Mandatory retirement
Voluntary retirement
Resignation
269.Leadership can _______ subordinates to help the organization achieve its

goals.
Motivate
Communicate
Direct
All of the above
270.Which source of power is based on an individual's knowledge, special skills,

abilities, or previous experience?
Referent power
Expert power
Legitimate power
271.Which source of power is based on a manager's ability to punish a

subordinate?
Coercive power
Rewarded power
272.A budget is what type of control?

Standard
Process
Division
Financial
273.The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the
expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according
to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____.
Equity theory
Three-needs theory
Motivation-hygiene theory
Expectancy theory
274.Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the
good of the organization, and are capable of having a profound and
extraordinary effect on followers are _____ leaders.
Transactional
Transformational
Democratic
Autocratic
275.A group of employees with expertise in a variety of specialty areas who are
brought together to work on a project or specific activity is a:
Cross functional team
Self-managed team
Virtual team
Problem-solving team
276.____________ is the power to give positive benefits or rewards.

Expert power
Reward power
Coercive power
277.The final step of the strategic management process is ___________.

Doing an internal analysis
Formulating strategies
Implementing strategies
Evaluating results
278.A/An ________ is a formal evaluation of an organization's financial

statements, performed either by an outside accounting firm or by an
internal department.
Revenue operating budget
Incident log
Financial audit
Balance sheet budget
279.In a PERT network, slack time is _____.

The end point that represents the completion of a major activity
The time or resources required to progress from one event to another
The amount of time an individual activity can be delayed without delaying
the whole Project
The longest or most time-consuming sequence of events and activities
280.Which type of decision making is carried out by lower level management

and deals with specific day-to-day processes?
Programmed decision making
Operational decision making
Administrative decision making
Mid-level decision making
281.___________ involves allocating resources by detailing what activities have

to be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do each,
and when they are to be completed.
Benchmarking
Budgeting
Scheduling
Competitor intelligence
282.A problem solver is a style of problem solving reflected by the manager

Who confronts the problem, reacts to it, and makes those changes necessary
solve it.
Who notices a problem and does not react.
Who actively looks at situations, searching for problems or anticipating possible
problems so that corrective action can be taken before the problem grows.
None of the above
283.The process by which a sender transmits content is known as

Encoding
Decoding
Feedback
Receiver
284.When a subordinate or lower level manager passes information or offers

suggestions to higher level management, they're using which level of
communication?
Lateral communication
Diagonal communication
285.If a solution to a particular problem is not vital to the functioning of an

organization and management is willing to overlook the causes of the
conflict, managers may choose to use which type of conflict resolution?
Confrontation
Avoidance
Dominance
Compromise
286.Which of the following statements would a Theory X manager consider to be

true?
The average person can learn to accept and even seek responsibility
Employees will shirk responsibility
Employees will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives
Employees view work as being as natural as play
287.A short letter written to a potential employer with a resume attached is

known as a
Introduction letter
Cover letter
Interview letter
Ice-breaker letter
288._________ is the process of getting results accomplished through others.

Ordering
Mandating
Delegating
Working
289.What is the term used to define the number of subordinates directly

controlled by a manager?
Division management
Departmentation
Investment span
Span of management
290.Which management theorist is responsible for the motivation-hygiene

theory?
Abraham Maslow
Dale Hawthorne
Peter Drucker
Frederick Herzberg
291.What kind of organizational structure combines a vertical chain of command

with horizontal reporting requirements?
Matrix
Functional
Line-and-staff
292.What kind of training program is most appropriate for a simple task?

On-the-job training
vestibule training
laboratory training
job rotation
293.Which leadership theory suggests that management style should adapt

itself to changing circumstances?
Contingency theory
Delegation theory
Autocratic theory
Participatory theory
294.According to Abraham Maslow, the most elevated type of need is _____.

Self-actualization
Physiological
Esteem
Safety
295.Mr. A. is a manager in a manufacturing company, he attempts to establish a

culture of quality affecting the attitudes and actions of every employee and
relies on a workforce that wants to improve quality. He focuses on
establishing:
Total Quality Management
Knowledge management
Operations Management
Management of Information System
296.Ali is working in XYZ Company, he desires to get himself secure from

crimes, company lay offs and other adverse impacts. We can say that he
fulfils the ----------------- need.
Social need
Esteem
Safety
297.In -------------- theory management assumes that employees may be

ambitious, self-motivated, and anxious to accept greater responsibility, and
exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment.
Theory Y manager
Theory X manager
Theory Z manager
All of the above
298.------------------- roles involve people and other duties that are ceremonial
and symbolic in nature.
Informational.
Interpersonal.
Decisional.
All of the given options.
299.------------------ is the use of scientific method to define the “one best way”
for a job to be done.
Scientific management
Bureaucratic management
Administrative management
Management
300.The planning process can be used to promote _______________ in

organization
Advancement
Technologies
Innovation
Discoveries
301.The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings is

___________
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
All of the given options
302.Which management concept suggests that low-importance decisions be

handled by subordinates, so that managers can focus on high-importance
decisions?
management by objective
management by exception
participatory management
inclusionary management
303.Getting work done with a minimum of effort, expense or waste is the

definition of _________
Effectiveness.
Management
Planning.
Efficiency
304._____________ are mathematical models that describe the operating
characteristics of queuing situations.
Waiting line models
Simulation models
Decision trees
305.Main purpose to build Sydney opera hall is to provide ___________

Knowledge.
Information
Education.
Entertainment
306.Managers having the least authority and are at the lowest level in the
hierarchy of the organization are called______________
Middle level managers
Top level managers
First-line managers
307.____________ reduces uncertainty

Negotiating
Planning
Organizing
Leading
308.Decision makers face ________ types of problems.

2
3
4
5
309.___________________ are those plans that are extended beyond three
years.
Short Term Plans
Long Term Plans
Specific Plans
Strategic Plans
310.________________ need involves the desire to affiliate with and be

accepted by others.
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Self-Actualization
311.________ is the recording system which enables sender to leave messages
for receiver by telephone.
E-Mail
Voice Mail
Videoconferencing
Teleconferencing
312.A motivational approach in which an organization’s financial statements are

opened to and shared with all of the employees is called ___________
Open Book Management
Pay for Performance Program
Reinforcement Theory
Feedback
313.A ___________ refers to the authority and responsibility for achieving the
major goals of the Organization.
Line position
Staff position
314.----------- maintains self developed network of outside contacts and

informers who provide favors and information.
Entrepreneur
Monitor
Liaison
Figurehead
315.-------------- is the planning and implementing of organizational systems and

practices that maximize the potential of employees to contribute to
organizational goals and develop their capabilities unhindered by group
identities such as race, gender, age, or ethnic group.
Managing Diversity
Anthropology
Bureaucracy
Remuneration
316.Seema desires for friendship, love, and a sense of belonging, we can say
that she fulfils the_______
Physical need
Social need
Esteem
317.------------ is a condition in which the decision maker chooses a course of

action without complete knowledge of the consequences that will follow
implementation.
Risk
Uncertainty
Ambiguity
Accuracy
318.NAFTA stands for:

North American Free Trade Agreement
North Asian Free Trade Agreement
North American Free Trade Association
319.Which one of the following is not the characteristic of Weber’s ideal

bureaucracy?
Specialization of labor
Formalization of rules
Division of labor
Formalization of links authority into a hierarchical structure
320.___________shows the management structure of an organization.

Hierarchy
Decision Tree
Incremental Model
Satisfying model
321.If the average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid

responsibility, has relatively little ambition and wants security above all, the
management attitude would Be:
Theory Y manager
Theory X manager
Theory Z manager
322.Getting work done with a minimum effort, expense, or waste is the

definition of __________.
Management
Planning
Efficiency
Effectiveness
323.Which of the following is not an argument for the assumption of social

responsibility by business?
Long-run profits
Stockholder interests
Ethical obligations
Costs
324._________ concluded that managers perform 10 interrelated activities that
relate to decision making, using information and interpersonal
relationships.
Mintzberg
Abraham Maslow
Robert Owen
Henri Fayol
Spring 2009
MGT503 Principal of Management

results



► Setting goals

► Goals Setter
► Decision Maker
► Communicator
► Initiator

the following roles these mangers are playing
► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson

management?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling


► Top management
►Middle management

► 11 points
► 12 point
► 14 points
► 15 points
nowadays.

► Discipline
Stability of tenure of personnel Management should provide orderly personnel planning and
ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.

► Roert Owen
► Max Weber
Hugo Munsterbeg (1863-1916) is considered to be the “father of industrial psychology” and is

regarded by students of psychology as an important figure

► Feed forward
► Input
► Output
► Feedback

► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
of thinking.

► Scheduling


► Customers
► Location
► Self concept
desired?

► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat



► Top Level
► Middle level
► Lower level




its own supplier

growing market?
► Cash cow
► Question mark
► Star
► Dogs

► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow

► Centralization
► Span of control
Work specialization is the degree to which the work necessary to achieve organizational goals is
broken down into various jobs.

► Informal
► Centralized
► Decentralized
► Specialized
► Product
► Functional
► Process
► Geographical
Product departmentalization - Grouping activities by product line. Tasks can also be grouped
according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the
service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a
senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line.
LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure is based
on its varied product lines which include women’s footwear, children’s footwear and men’s’
footwear.
Process departmentalization - Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or customer

flow. Because each process requires different skills, process departmentalization allows
license.


► Focus Strategy


their managers?

A complex uncertain environment influences an organization toward which of the following?
► Formalization

► Span of control
► Formalization

control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization. We need to take a closer look at each
of these structural elements.


, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.

► Fad
► Desir
► Need
► Fashion

Effort is a measure of intensity or drive. High levels of effort are unlikely to lead t
organization.

► Flexibility
► Autonomy
► Convenient


motivator?
► Recognition
► Responsibility
► Advancement
► Status
a. Achievement
b. Responsibility
c. Work itself
d. Recognition

► Need for power
. The need for affiliation (nAff) is the desire to maintain warm, friendly relationships with others.

► Money and Promotio
important.

► Security
► High pay



► Charismatic
► Transactional

► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team

of time.
3. Negative synergy is the force that results when group process losses are greater than any gains
achieved from combining the forces of group members.
►It is easy to use
► It is accurate

deviations?
► Controlling
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading

► Command groups
► Task forces
specific purpose.
a. A command or functional group is a formal group consisting of a manager and all the
subordinates who report to that manager.

some frequency are called
Question No: 46 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose on

goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading

► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Function
Management Roles:



► Formal groups
► Informal groups
► Command groups
► Interest groups
Formal groups
work groups defined by the organization’s structure that have designated work assignments and
tasks. Appropriate behaviors are defined by and directed toward organizational goals.
members.

► Market control
► Clan control


ABC Ltd is a small marketing services company. You have been put in charge of a new
project team. It is the second week the team has been together, and progress on the task is
frustratingly slow. There are lots of creative ideas being put forward, but team members
criticize everything and try to put their own ideas over others. Your manager is getting
concerned and asks you to report on how the team is working.

those competencies?
the BCG matrix..
325.Toyota motor company will be called efficient if it produces:
o High quality products at relatively low cost
o Quality products at high cost
o High quality products at relatively high cost
o Quality products at low cost
326.Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of

the following dimensions of organizational culture?
o People orientation
o Attention to detail
o Outcome orientation
o Aggressiveness
327.Interpersonal and communication skills are often referred to as:
 Technical skills
 Conceptual skills
 People skills
 Planning skills
328.Organizational culture is similar to an individual’s:

 Skills
 Personality pg 33
 Motivation
 Ability
329.Which of the following is a highly structured technique, designed to keep

personal interactions at a minimum?
 Clustering
 Brainstorming
 Nominal group technique
 Group interview
330.To determine the _____________, a manager must determine what is

relevant or important in resolving the problem.
 Geocentric behavior needed
 Number of allowable alternatives
 Weighting of decision criteria
 Decision criteria
331.Fredrick Taylor was the student of: }

 Robert Owen
 Charles Babbage
{hugo munsterbeg pg 21
 Henry Towne
332.Plant managers come under which of following management levels?

 First-line managers
 Non-managerial employees
 Middle managers
 Top managers
333.A human resource manager attending a local Society for Human Resource
Management meeting would be functioning in which of the following role?
 Informational
 Leader
 Liaison
 Disseminator
334.Which of the following is important in effectively implementing the chosen
alternative in the decision-making process?
 Getting upper-management support
 Double-checking your analysis for potential errors
 Allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the process
 Ignoring criticism concerning your chosen alternative
335.Which of the following is a highly structured technique, designed to keep

personal interactions at a minimum?
 Clustering
 Brainstorming
 Nominal group technique
 Group interview
336.The most important point of Prof. Edward Deming’s Philosophy was:

 Achieving the Goals
 Consistency of Purpose
 Wastage of the resources should be minimized
 Collaboration among the members
337.The belief that businesses should be responsible because such actions are
right for their own sake is known as which argument for social
responsibility? Pg 32
 Public expectation
 Ethical obligation
 Public image
 Discouragement of government regulation
338.The task environment of organizations consists of constituencies that have a

direct impact on managers’ decisions and actions. The main constituencies are
made up of customers, suppliers, competitors, and __________.
 Legislators
 Pressure groups
 Employees
 Lawyers
339.The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of social responsibility is

economist and Nobel prize winner:
 Carnegie Milton
 Charles Darwin
 Milton Freeman
 Milton Friedman
340.Which of the following is a cultural measure of the degree to which people

will tolerate risk and unconventional behavior?
 Power distance
 Uncertainty avoidance
 Short- versus long-term orientation
 Individualism versus collectivism
341.The following four different approaches to management thinking were

developed in the first half of the 20th century:
 Scientific management, general administrative, quantitative, and
contingency approach.
 Scientific management, general administrative, quantitative,
andorganizational behavior.
 General administrative, globalization, organizational behavior, and
quantitative.
 Systems approach, scientific management, general administrative, and
organizational behaviour.
 Scientific management, Hawthorne Studies, quantitative, and
organizational behavior.
342.________________ need involves the desire to affiliate with and be accepted

by others.
 Esteem
 Belongingness
 Safety
 Self Actualization
343.___________ involves allocating resources by detailing what activities have

to be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do each,
and when they are to be completed.
 Benchmarking
 Budgeting
 Schedulingpg 53
 Competitor intelligence
344.Mr. A. is a manager in a manufacturing company, he attempts to establish a

culture of quality affecting the attitudes and actions of every employee and
relies on a workforce that wants to improve quality. He focuses on
establishing:
 Total Quality Management
 Knowledge management
 Operations Management
 Management of Information System
345.Conceptual skills relate to a manager’s ability to

 · Take a strategic view of how parts of the organization function
 · Solve detailed problems in groups
 · Correctly evaluate organizational problems
 · Understand and interact effectively with others in the organization
346.For a company such as PIA, a bank would be an example of what kind of factor
in its specific environment?
a) Competitor
b) Special-interest group
c) Supplier
d) Government agency
347.If a company provides job-share programs, builds a day-care facility, and only
uses recycled paper, it can be termed as:
a) Fulfilling its social obligation
b) Socially aware
c) Socially image conscious
d) Socially responsive
348.An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may

have been wrong is referred to:
 Economies of commitment
 Escalation of commitment
 Dimensional commitment
 Expansion of commitment
349.Which of the following means that you achieve the best possible balance among
several goals?
a) Sacrificing
b) Optimizing
c) Satisficing
d) Minimizing
26.Which viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently?

A Behavioral
B Quantitative
C Classical
D Qualitative
27. The set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including skills, technologies, or
resources that distinguish a firm from its competitors is called:
Scope
Distinctive Competency
Resource deployment
Effective strategy
28.A leading supporter of the classical view argues that anytime managers decide on their
own to spend their organization’s resources for the “social good,” are:
Contributing social benefits in the name of goodwill
Just doing what the government says they have to do
Helping make society a better place for everyone to live
Adding to the costs of doing business
29.The belief that businesses should be responsible because such actions are right for
their own sake is known as which argument for social responsibility?
Public expectation
Ethical obligation
Public image
30.A production plan usually includes:

Prices of organization's products
Evaluation of the weaknesses of the business
Names of suppliers of raw materials
Flow of orders for goods or services
31.Which of the following types of plans is highly interdependent and must take into
account the resources and capabilities of the entire organization and its external
environments?
Operational plans
Strategic plans
Tactical plans
Budgetary plans
32.A plan used to operationalize any other kind of plan is called:

Reaction plan
Specific plan
Directional plan
Action plan
The belief that businesses should be responsible because such actions are right for their own sake is known as which
argument for social responsibility?
Public expectation
Ethical obligation
Public image
Non-programmed decisions are typically made under a condition of which of the following?
Certainty
Low levels of risk
Uncertainty
Reliability
The _______ suggested that when a manager or leader shows concern for employees, their motivation and productivity
levels are likely to improve.
Hawthorne effect
Hawthorne studies not sure
Human relations approach
An organization is called:
The physical location where people work
A collection of individuals working for the same company
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
A group of individuals focused on profit-making for their shareholders
A culture where employees show a great deal of respect for authority and where titles and ranks are important would be an
example of which dimension of national culture?
Power distance
The sales and marketing component of e-business is:

Intranet
Evolution
E-commerce
Extranet not sure
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Fall 2008_FinalTerm_MGT503_s1_solved
Fall 2008
Management.
► Leadership
► Planning

The process of managing the entire sequence of integrated activities and
information about product flow is called:
► Total Quality Management

► Supply Chain Management
► Kaizen



The organizational communication network that uses internet technology and
allows authorized users inside the organization to communicate with certain
outsiders such as customers or vendors is called:
► Intranet
► Extranet
► Videoconference
► E-mail

A leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority and
allows employees to have direct input into the final decision is using which of the
following leadership style?
► Laissez-faire
► Autocratic
Three types of leadership behavior styles were identified.

a. Autocratic leaders tend to make unilateral decisions, dictate work
methods, limit worker knowledge about goals to just the next step to be
performed, and sometimes give feedback that is punitive.
b. Democratic leaders tend to involve the group in decision making, let the
group determine work methods, make overall goals known, and use
feedback as an opportunity for helpful coaching.
c. Laissez-faire leaders generally give the group complete freedom, provide
necessary materials, participate only to answer questions, and avoid giving
feedback.

According to Fiedler, in moderately favorable situations which of the following
leader performs better?
► Structure oriented
► Position oriented
► Production oriented
► Relationship oriented

The recent survey depicts that in the opinion of employees the most powerful
workplace motivator is:
► Flextime
► Recognition
► Goals
► Salary

Which theory includes the component that employee motivation is influenced by
relative as well as absolute rewards?
► Expectancy
► Three-needs
► Goal-setting
► Equity
Equity theory recognizes that individuals are concerned with their absolute rewards as
well as the
relationship of those rewards to what others receive.

According to Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, which of the following is
NOT a hygiene factor?
► Salary
► Work itself
Hygiene factors are necessary to keep workers away from feeling dissatisfied. There
are several hygiene
factors.
a. Pay
b. Working conditions
c. Supervisors
d. Company policies

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are predominantly
satisfied internally?
► Safety
► Esteem
► Physiological
► social
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from the most basic to the highest.
a. Physiological needs are basic and include needs for food, water, and
shelter.
b. Safety needs pertain to the desire to be safe, secure and free from threats
to our existence.
c. Belongingness needs involve the desire to affiliate with and be accepted
by others.
d. Esteem needs are related to the two-pronged desire to have a positive
self-image and to have our contributions valued and appreciated by
others.
e. Self-actualization needs pertain to the requirement of developing our
capabilities and reaching our full potential.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that every person has a hierarchy
of:
► Four needs
► Five needs
► Three needs
► Six needs

► Increase wages and salaries
► Incorporate promotional opportunities
► Recognize individual differences
► Use employee-recognition program

► Anxiety
► Tension
► Drive
► Pressure


Contemporary organizational design includes all of the following EXCEPT :
► Team based structure
Traditional Designs includes (simple, divisional, Functional)

Contemporary Designs includes (Team, matrix, Project, Boundary less)

► Inexpensive to maintain
Description: Some of important features of Team based structure

Employees are more involved and empowered.
Reduce barrier among functional areas.
No. clear chain of command
Pressure on team to perform

Which of the following factors influence an organization towards centralization?
► Lower-level managers want a part in decision making

► Environment is complex and uncertain
► Decisions are significant
► Company is geographically dispersed
Identify the organizational design process which has a potential weakness that,
managers will not be able to provide necessary leadership and support?
► Span of control

An organization that groups activities according to women's footwear, men's
footwear, apparel and accessories would use which of the following
► Product
► Customer
► Geographic
► Functional

What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization
where different public service responsibilities are divided into activities for
employers, children, and the disabled?
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer

Which of the following is not among the three perspectives that should be
considered in preparing a business plan?
► Marketing perspective
► Perspective of the entrepreneur
► Investor perspective
► Technical perspective
Reference
http://books.google.ae/books?id=7AGX2Hdhop8C&pg=RA1-PA188&lpg=RA1-
PA188&dq=three+perspectives+that+should+be+considered+in+preparing+a+business
+plan&source=bl&ots=ARnTL4Qy0u&sig=TyNfSmKrNBbPKkMdvsvxto-1-
4o&hl=en&ei=BolQSpPhBJCAsgPF68iqDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=
1 (page 188,189)

An organization's structure should facilitate which of the following?
► Necessity of departmentalization
► Achievement of goals
► Span of control

► Team
► Learning
► Boundaryless
► Matrix

The fact that managers can become experts within their industry is a function of
which kind of departmentalization?
► Process
► Geographical
► Functional
► Product

Which of the following is a process by which individuals pursue opportunities,
fulfill needs and wants through innovation, without regard to the resources they
currently control?
► Privatization

First step of strategic management process, the mission, answers which of the
following question?
► What business should we be in?
► What is our reason for being in business?
► Who are our customers?
► Who are our creditors?

When the hierarchy of organizational goals is clearly defined, it forms an
integrated network of goals which is called:
► Hierarchical-link chain
► Means-ends chain
► Weakest-link chain
► Level-level chain
The three levels of goals within an organization form a hierarchy of goals, with lower-
level goals
forming a mean-end chain with the next level of goals.
1. Strategic goals are broadly defined targets or future end results set by top
management.
2. Tactical goals are the targets or future end results usually set by middle
management for
specific departments or units.
3. Operational goals are those targets or future end results set by lower management
that

Safeguard is an anti-bacterial soap that provides superior longer lasting germ
protection. Through this soap Procter & Gamble is practicing which of the
following strategies?
► Stability Strategy

At the first step of goal setting a manager should:

► Review organization’s mission
► Estimate expected benefits


Which of the following is an area in the environment that if exploited may
generate high performance for organization?
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat

A skill and capability that does not enable an organization to choose and
implement strategies that support its mission is called its:
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat

Which of the following strategy specifies the range of markets in which an
organization will compete?
► Scope

Few years ago Nike has problem with inconsistency of goals. The firm was
producing high quality shoes but they were not stylish. As a result company lost
substantial market share. In this situation which kind of goal was missing?
► Manufacturing goal
► Marketing goal
► Financial goal

Sony has a goal to acquire a firm in the entertainment industry. The goal was
realized when Sony bought Columbia picture. It comes under which of the
following?
► Strategic goal
► Tactical goal
► Personal goal
Which of the following group technique allows group members to meet together,
but also allows independent thinking?
► Groupthink
► Electronic meetings
► Brainstorming

Many decisions fail after the final choice because of the occurrence of which of
the following?


Which of the following term sometimes used to describe picking a course of
action that is satisfactory under the circumstances?
► Satisficing
► Risk

Jay tends to always look at the broad picture and likes to look at many
alternatives. He focuses on the long run and looks for creative solutions. He
prefers which of the following styles of decision making?
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral

The decision-making model consists of four styles: directive, analytic, behavioral
and _______.
► Conceptual
► Intuitive
► Group interaction
► Laggard
a. The directive style is one that’s characterized by low tolerance for ambiguity and a
rational way of
thinking.
b. The analytic style is one characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and a
rational way of
thinking.
c. The conceptual style is characterized by an intuitive way of thinking and a high
tolerance for
ambiguity.
d. The behavioral style is one characterized by a low tolerance for ambiguity and an
intuitive way of
thinking.

"Whenever possible, we promote from within" is an example of which of the
following?
► Rule
► Procedure
► Policy
► Plan

A large chemical company not only disposes of all toxic waste properly as
outlined by law, but it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research to
determine better processes for all businesses to use in disposing of toxic wastes.
This company is exhibiting which of the following?

Which of the following approaches recognize differences among organizations
and categorizes variables that affect an organization's performance?
► Process approach
► Contingency approach
► Function approach
► System approach

► Esteem
► Belongingness
► Safety

“Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient” it is
called:
► Authority
► Scalar chain
► Order

► 11 points
► 12 points
► 14 points
► 15 points

Which of the following functions or activities involve recruiting and placing
qualified personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its
objectives and goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading

An organized set of behavior that is associated with particular office or position
is called:
► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Responsibility

The person who maintains network of connection outside the organization to
obtain information is called:
► Entrepreneur
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson
► Liaison
The liaison maintains a network of contacts outside the work unit to obtain
information.
Ali has a job that pays him well, he desires to make a contribution to the
organization, and he has an active social life. His desire is to become all that he is
capable of becoming. Ali is at which of the following need defined by maslow?
► Safety
► Social
► Esteem

Who are responsible for setting goals? Do you think different Managers set
goals, or one manager is responsible for it?
ANS: GOAL SETTING: Goals are the desired outcomes for the individuals, groups or
organizations. The success of an organization depends on its goals and how they are
achieved. Goal setting is the responsibility of a manager. There are three managers at
three different levels:
• Top manager
• Middle manager
• First Line manager
Each manager is responsible for setting goals at different level.
1. Top manager sets the strategic goals which are organization wide.
2. Middle managers set Tactical goals
3. First line managers set operational goals which are related to the operations of the
organization.
But it is important that all the goals set by managers should be in accordance to
organization's mission.

Describe the significant workplace issues that affect motivation in today's
workforce.
ANS: MOTIVATION: It is the willingness to exert high levels of efforts to reach

organizational goals.
Motivation is an important aspect in today's world where competition is
increasing day by day, so there is a strong need for motivating employees in order to
get best performance from them. Inspite the importance of motivation there are various
issues which affect the motivation in today's workforce. Some of the such factors are
given below:
• Inappropriate Goals: the goal itself acts as a motivator but if not set well it creates lack
of understanding in employees which results in poor performance.
• Recognition: In today's world recognition acts as a strong motivator. If a worker's
performance is good he needs to be recognized so that his performance is reinforced but
if there is lack of recognition it will de- motivate the worker.
• Salary/Pay: The basic physiological needs are satisfied by money so salary /pay plays an
important role in motivating an employee. If it is not upto to the limit where it satisfies
workers basic needs it is obvious that low salary will cause de-motivation in employee.
• Opportunities: Everyone desires to develop their capabilities and reaching their full
potential, it can somehow be achieved by career opportunities offered by the
organization. If an organization does not allow an employee to excel in his/her career this
may lose his interest in work.
• Work Itself: The job and the working conditions if not liked by worker he will not do his
job with interest and will yield low performance.

How can a manager make the delegation process more effective? Give logical
reasons to support your answer.
ANS: DELEGATION: Delegation is the assignment of part of manager's work to others

along with responsibility and authority.
Effective Delegation: Delegation can be made effective in many ways:
 Trust: It is very important while delegating to have full trust in the
subordinates. If manger lacks trust in subordinates he will always have a threat
of their failure.
 Training the subordinates: Delegation can be effectively done if
subordinates know what and how they have to do their work. For this they must
be trained well.
 Manager's knowledge about delegation: While delegating manager
should know how to delegate i.e how to take work from subordinates and which
tasks should be assigned to subordinates.

segmenting businesses. Discuss the characteristics for each of the four
categories based on the BCG matrix..
ANS: BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX: The BCG matrix was
developed by Boston Consulting Group. Its main purpose was to compare different
businesses in an organization's portfolio on the basis of market share and market
growth. It helps the organization in allocating resources to its various b+usinesses.
Categories of BCG matrix:
The matrix defines four business groups. The SBUs plotted on BCG matrix
can be classified as follows:
• Star: Star has a high market share in a growing market.
• Cash Cow: Cash Cow is an SBU which has high market share in a slowly growing
market.
• Question Mark: Have low market share in a growing market. They are the problem
creators.
• Dog: Has low market share in a low growing market.
Spring 2009 Session 3

► Increasing worker job satisfaction through consideration behavior will get leaders the
best results


► For individual companies, increased productivity means a more competitive cost
structure

► Setting goals

► Goals Setter
► Decision Maker
► Communicator
► Initiator

► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson

management?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling

► Top management

► 11 points
► 12 points
► 14 points
► 15 points
nowadays.

When management provides orderly personnel planning and ensures that replacements
are available to fill vacancies, it is called :
► Discipline
Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are
available
to fill vacancies.

► Robert Owen
► Max Weber
Hugo Munsterbeg (1863-1916) is considered to be the “father of industrial psychology” and
is regarded by students of psychology as an important figure
► Feed forward
► Input
► Output
► Feedback
Which of the following styles of decision making is characterized by individuals who
prefer complete information and consider several alternatives?
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
of
thinking.
► Scheduling


► Customers
► Location
► Self concept
desired?

► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat



► Top Level
► Middle level
► Lower level
its own supplier

growing market?
► Cash cow
► Question mark
► Star
► Dogs

► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow

► Centralization
► Span of control
Work specialization is the degree to which the work necessary to achieve organizational
goals is broken down into various jobs.

► Informal
► Centralized
► Decentralized
► Specialized

► Product
► Functional
► Process
► Geographical
Product departmentalization - Grouping activities by product line. Tasks can also be

grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the
product or the service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under
the authority of a senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to
the product line. LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its
structure is based on its varied product lines which include women’s footwear, children’s
footwear and men’s’ footwear.
Process departmentalization - Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or
customer flow. Because each process requires different skills, process departmentalization allows
license.


► Focus Strategy

their managers?


A complex uncertain environment influences an organization toward which of the
following?
► Formalization


► Span of control
► Formalization
control,
centralization/decentralization, and formalization. We need to take a closer look at each of these
structural elements.

control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.

► Fad
► Desire
► Need
► Fashion

Effort is a measure of intensity or drive. High levels of effort are unlikely to lead to
organization.
► Flexibility
► Autonomy
► Convenient


motivator?
► Recognition
► Responsibility
► Advancement
► Status
a. Achievement
b. Responsibility
c. Work itself
d. Recognition

► Need for power
. The need for affiliation (nAff) is the desire to maintain warm, friendly relationships with
others.

important.

► Security
► High pay


► Charismatic
► Transactional

► Work group
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team
of time.
3. Negative synergy is the force that results when group process losses are greater than any
gains achieved from combining the forces of group members.
► It is accurate

deviations?
► Controlling
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading

► Command groups
► Task forces
specific purpose.
a. A command or functional group is a formal group consisting of a
manager and all the subordinates who report to that manager.

goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading

► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Function
Management Roles:

► Formal groups
► Informal groups
► Command groups
► Interest groups
Formal groups
work groups defined by the organization’s structure
that have designated work assignments and tasks. Appropriate behaviors are defined by and
directed toward organizational goals.
members.

► Market control
► Clan control


ABC Ltd is a small marketing services company. You have been put in charge of a new project
team. It is the second week the team has been together, and progress on the task is frustratingly
slow. There are lots of creative ideas being put forward, but team members criticize everything
and try to put their own ideas over others. Your manager is getting concerned and asks you to
report on how the team is working.

those competencies?

the BCG matrix..
Spring 2009

All of the following are requirements for successful value chain management EXCEPT :
► Continuous Process Improvement
► Organizational Processes
► Technology Investment

► Self esteem
► Self direction
► Self efficacy
► Self confidence

The most important point of Prof. Edward Deming’s Philosophy was:

► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson

► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

► Clinical
► Industrial
► Behavior
► Theoretical
Two major characteristics of open system are :
► Negative entropy and synergy
► Positive entropy and synergy
► Entropy and synergy
► Anthropology and synergy

In Europe today banks and insurance companies are linking up in an effort to market a
wide array of financial products that each would have trouble selling on its own. They are
practicing which of the following concept?
► Transformation
► Entropy
► Synergy

Few years ago, employees of a international company took wages cuts to help the firm
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

Under which of the following approach, managers impose and enforce rules fairly and
impartially and do so by following all legal rules and regulations. A manager using this
theory would decide to provide the same rate of pay to individuals who are similar in their
level of skills, performance and gender?


► Rule
► Procedure
► Policy
► Plan

► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral

The strap of Ali's bag tore off as he threw it over his shoulder. On the way to school, he
stopped at the first store that carries bags, walked in and purchased one from the front
rack. Ali has just made which of the following type of decision?
► Maximizing
► Satisficing
► Risky
► Optimal

All of the following include in the definition of planning EXCEPT:

► Developing a hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities

► Location
► Customers
► Self concept

When objectives are not written down or rarely verbalized, and the planning is general
and lacks continuity, which one of the following type of planning is used?
► Formal planning

In those organizations where formal planning did not lead to higher performance, the
culprit may be which of the following?
► Employees
► Marketing plan
► Management
► Environment

Which of the folowing is the set of strengths, characteristics and qualities including skills,
► Scope
► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat

company's resources into his business. This is an example of which of the following types of
strategies?
► Merger
► Stability
► Retrenchment
► Acquisition

Few years before Polka was a leading brand of ice-cream in Pakistan. Than it was
purchased by Walls and all its products were replaced with “Walls” name. Here "Walls"
adopted which of the following strategy?
► Merger
► Vertical integration
► Acquisition
► Horizontal integration

In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have only a small share of a quickly
growing market?
► Star
► Dogs
► Cash cow
► Question mark


► Centralization
► Span of control

While making a business plan an entrepreneur cannot conduct market research until he:
► Develops legal plan
► Develops insurance plan
► Writes cover letter
► Chooses product or service
Which of the following is the set of elements that can be used to configure an organization?
► Organization structure
► Organization design
► Organization chart
► Organization rotation

An owner of an organization hires a sales representative to market his products. He gave
power to sale representative to make certain decision. He has been given:
► Responsibility
► Span of control
► Authority
► Accountability

and the disabled?
► Product
► Geographic
► Outcome
► Customer
► Span of control

Today the concepts of Unity of Command, Authority and Responsibility are less important
because of which of the following?
► Organizational structure
► Centralization and decentralization
► Employee’s Empowerment and Information Technology

levels is:
► Tall Structure
► Flat Structure

Which of the following is a weakness of a simple structure?
► It relies on one person
► It is not flexible
► It is expensive
► There is unclear accountability

► Functional
► Divisional
► Learning
► Simple

Which type of organizational entity is more of an organizational mind-set than a
structured design?
► Matrix
► Boundaryless
► Functional
► Learning


► Anxiety
► Tension
► Drive
► Pressure

People who want to exert more power often engage in which of the following activities?
► Visionary leadership
► Reward power
► Office politics
► Charismatic training

At Sony (an electronics manufacturer) a special team was selected to work out a marketing
plan for its newest product, a voice-activated DVD player, that uses voice recognition
commands instead of control buttons. During their most recent meeting, there was a
conflict between a design manager and a marketing representative about whose
responsibility it was to draft the marketing plan. Several members of the team got into a
shouting match with one another. This team seems to be at which of the following stages of
group development?
► Conflict
► Forming
► Norming
► Storming

A specific group of accountants at an accounting firm that meets regularly to develop
better auditing procedures for the firm can be referred as which of the following?
► Task force
► Functional team
► Virtual team


Atif just received the news that he has received the promotion for which he has been
waiting for two years. He is ecstatic. Every communication for the rest of the day will be
affected by which of the following?
► Filtering
► Emotions
► Language
► Nonverbal cues

Which of the following is a process that involves managers from all parts of the
organization in the formulation of strategic goals?
► Responsibility
► Span of control

► Unity of demand

Mr. Kamran is a manager at virtual university of Pakistan. His responsibilities include
developing a organization-wide marketing strategy that plays on the synergies between
institute’s offered Programs in order to drive increased no. of students. Kamran is a:
► Middle manager
► First-line manager
► Top manager
► Non-managerial

► European Union

Motivation is the result of interaction between which of the following?
► Efforts and situation
► Employee and manager
► Efforts and intention
► Individual and situation


Which of the following is an example of body language?
► Eye contact
► Style of dress
► Facial expressions

Can individual be so much motivated that his/ her performance declines as a result of
excessive efforts ? Discuss.
Yes, in certain case its true. If a person set goals too high for himself, he may end up
Demotivating himself because of the failure to achieve the goals.
When rewards are used by organizations as payoffs for better performance, the intrinsic rewards,
which are derived from person doing what they like, are reduced.
Due to excessive efforts, person loss the control over own behavior so that pervious motivation
diminishes.
The elimination of extrinsic rewards can produce a shifting from an external to an internal
explanation in an individual’s perception of thinking that why he works on a task.
Too much motivation make person to think differentiate themselves from others by their desire
to do things better.
How can we implement Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory in our life? Discuss in detail.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is based on the assumption that people are motivated by a series of
five universal needs. These needs are ranked, according to the order in which they influence
human behavior, in hierarchical fashion.
Physiological needs are deemed to be the lowest- level needs. These needs but be fullfiled
safety needs -- the needs for shelter and security
Social needs include the need for belongingness and love
esteem needs After social needs have been satisfied, ego and esteem needs
self-actualization the need for self-realization, continuous self-development, and the process of
becoming all that a person is capable of becoming.
In daily life if we translate this theory its discusss food is basic need of human being we should
look into this basic need to motivate our wokers
Stability is equal to safety in malsow’s theory . friendship is equal to esteem in theory.
Status and achievements esteem and achievement respectively.
Above theory is used to motivate our works,. We also get guideline during our daily life. It
provide us the path to look into needs of others.

Do you think motivation comes from within a person or it is a result of the situation?
Explain in your own words.
What is motivation
Motivation is the internal condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; and energizes
and directs goal-oriented behavior
Motivation comes from within. Very few people are highly motivated at work. Most people work
at only a small fraction of their actual capabilities. Your Employer can create only motivational
environment. It is up to you to motivate yourself.
The highest levels of motivation come when we are in tune with our mind and thinking.
Self-improvement is one of the best motivators because its comes from you inner feelings.
Money Does Not Motivate. People adapt to the amount of money they are making that
motivation is short- lived. Managers often try to motivate employees via promises of financial
rewards and promotion but people likes motivators such as feeling valued and appericated.
People are motivated when they feel understood.
True motivation only comes from within an individual but it can only be started from external
factors.

XYZ Ltd is a firm which undertakes reconstruction and maintenance. The work is carried out by
teams which operate independently of each other. As a team co-coordinator, you have
investigated a number of recent customer complaints about delays. It appears that instructions
given to head office are not reaching the teams quickly or clearly enough. The team’s come away
feeling that head office lacks understanding of their work and respect for their inputs. You have
identified the problem as poor communication on many levels.
With the above stated issue explain the particular problems of upward communication in
an organization. Suggest how upward communication can be improved?
Upward communication flows from employees to managers.
• Upward communication can be used in order to keep managers aware of how employees
feel about
• their jobs, their coworkers then we must provide them proper facility to communicate
with management.
• A climate of trust, respect should be created between worker and managers.
• We should share decision making power with them.
• Listen Problems and exceptions of the team.
• Take Suggestions for improvement from team.
• Try to establish Performance reports to motivate them
• Look inot Grievances and disputes
Spring 2009_MidTerm_MGT503_s4_solved
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009

An organized set of behavior that is associated with particular office or position
is called:
► Role
► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Function
Sulman thinks about his job while playing with his son on the weekend, and he
continually volunteers to do extra assignments and project for his department.
These suggest that Sulman has a strong need for :
► Security
► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power

Which of the following is not a basic function of management process?
► Working
► Controlling
► Organizing
► Leading
► Working

As managers move toward the organizational hierarchy, problems are more likely
to become which of the following?
► Ill-structured
► Well-structured
► Ill-structured
► Programmed
► Non-programmed

Ali is especially good at communicating company goals to his employees and
motivating them to achieve these goals. Ali is practicing which of the following
skills?
► Human skills
► Conceptual skills
► Organizational skills
► Technical skills
► Human skills

A state legislative plan that calls for a 2.45 percent increase in tobacco sales tax
for the next 2 years would be considered which of the following type of plan?
► Specific
► Strategic
► Operational
► Specific
► Directional

Plans that apply to the entire organization, establish the organization's overall
objectives and seek to position the organization in terms of its environment are
called:
► Strategic plans
► Tactical plans
► Strategic plans
► Operational plans

A few years ago Black and Decker bought general electric’s small appliance
business. 150 products were converted from GE to Black and Decker label. A
total of 140 steps were used for each product. It took 3 years. The total
conversion of product line was:
► A project
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

Which of the following involves allocating resources by detailing what activities
have to be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do each
and when they are to be completed?
► Scheduling
► Benchmarking
► Budgeting
► Competitor intelligence
► Scheduling

The strap of Ali's bag tore off as he threw it over his shoulder. On the way to
school, he stopped at the first store that carries bags, walked in and purchased
one from the front rack. Ali has just made which of the following type of
decision?
► Satisficing
► Maximizing
► Satisficing
► Risky
► Optimal

Asad spoke out in a meeting in favor of a potential cost savings that would result
from a new employee benefits program offered by the company. He later received
information that showed that his initial decision about the cost savings was
incorrect, but he was too embarrassed to publicly admit that he was wrong, so he
stuckby his original statement. Asad is practicing which of the following?
► Satisficing
► Maximizing

Jay tends to always look at the broad picture and likes to look at many
alternatives. He focuses on the long run and looks for creative solutions. He
prefers which of the following styles of decision making?
► Conceptual
► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral

Akbar has just been given the assignment of developing the marketing strategy
for the company's new product to be introduced at Eid. Akbar will require which
of the following type of decision making?
Non-Programmed
► Ill-structured
► Programmed
► Non-Programmed
► Well-structured

Which of the following is the step in the decision-making process that follows
identifying a problem and decision criteria?

► Analyzing the alternatives
► Selecting the best alternative
► Implementing the alternative

Once a manager has identified a problem, the next step would be the
identification of:
Decision criteria
► Discrepancies
► Scenarios
► Factor weights

Which of the following must be present in order to initiate the decision-making
process?
► Effective use of resources
► Plenty of time
► Pressure to act
► Time management
► Effective use of resources

The extent to which an alternative can be accomplished within related
organizational constraints such as time, budgets, technology and policies is
called:
► Feasibility
► Reversibility
► Sustainability
► Feasibility
► Acceptability



A society where there is relatively little job mobility and widely practiced lifetime
employment would be an example of which of the following dimensions of
national culture?
► Uncertainty avoidance
► Power distance
► Uncertainty avoidance
► Short- versus long-term orientation
► Individualism versus collectivism

European Union was established in:
► February 1992
► February 1992
► January 1994
► July 1992
► November 1993

Under which of the following approach, managers impose and enforce rules
fairly and impartially and do so by following all legal rules and regulations. A
manager using this theory would decide to provide the same rate of pay to
individuals who are similar in their level of skills, performance and gender?


A formal written statement of the values and ethical standards that guide a firm’s
action is called:
► Code of ethics
► Values
► Code of ethics
► Norms

A large pulp and paper company meets all federal guidelines and obeys all laws
rigorously as it cuts down timber. The primary concern of this company is
compliance and profit maximization for its stockholders. This company is
exhibiting which of the following?

All of the following are the parts of organization’s external environment,
EXCEPT:
► Competitors
► Culture
► Customers
► Competitors
► Regulators

Which of the following concept suggests that organizational units may often be
more successful working together than working alone?
► Synergy
► Transformation
► Synergy
► Entropy

Which of the following is called output of a system?
► Employee behavior
► Human
► Information resource
► Employee behavior
► Material

In Maslow's hierarchy of need, status is an example of which of the folowing
need?
► Esteem
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

► Industrial
► Clinical
► Industrial
► Behavior
► Theoretical

The formal right to give orders, make decisions, and see that tasks are
completed is called:
► Authority
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

Henri Fayol was a successful industrialist of :
► France
► France
► Germany
► America
► Canada

► Charles Babbage
► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

Which type of managerial skill refers to the ability to analyze and diagnose
complex situations?
► Conceptual
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical
The people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for
overseeing the work of others are called:
► First-line managers
► Middle managers
► Supervisors

There are two main concepts referred to as "doing things right and “doing the
right things." These factors are:
► Efficiency and effectiveness
► Efficacy and effectiveness

► Efficiency and economy
► Efficiency and effectiveness
► Economy and efficacy

A manager transmits the information outside the organization. He is performing
which of the following role?
► Spokesperson
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

► Goal setting
► Planning
► Communication
► Goal setting

The distinct purpose of an organization is typically expressed in terms of:
► Vision & Mission statement
► Systematic structure
► A goal or set of goals
► Management competencies
► Vision & Mission statement

Which one of the following is the major responsibility of a manager?
► Works anonymously behind the scenes

► Sets the goals of the organization
► Actually performs the service or produces the product

The traditional shape of an organization was:
► Pyramid
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of Gantt chart and
PERT analysis.
A PERT network flowchart kind of system which represents the sequence of

activites needed to complete project .
It also keep track of costs linked with that activity
A Gantt chart is special bar type charts which show the present progress of the
project. It shows major activity compare to target completion date.
Project activities shown on the left side of the
chart. Time shown on bottom or top of the chart
Advantages of Gantt chart
1. It shows how much of the plan has been completed

2. Many people prefer this plan
Disadvantages
1. Estimated values must be given before the chart can be drawn.
2. It can not show cricitcal path
3. Different type of scheduling cannot be shown
4. several scheduling possibilities cannot be shown
Advantages of PERT
Use can dermine critical path

You can update project performance
You can expect project completion time
Activity start and end dates
Disadvantages
So many activities
Network charts might become long and hard to understand for someone
Spring 2009

results


► Setting goals

► Goals Setter
► Decision Maker
► Communicator
► Initiator


LG and Sony electronics agreed to cooperate on developing new technologies. Representatives
from each firm meet regularly to coordinate this new venture. Which of the following roles these
mangers are playing?
► Liaison
► Leader
► Disseminator
► Spokesperson

responsible for the various tasks is known as which of the following processes of management?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading
► Controlling

► Top management
► 11 points
► 12 points
► 14 points
► 15 points

► Discipline

► Robert Owen
► Max Weber

► Feed forward
► Input
► Output
► Feedback

► Analytic
► Conceptual
► Directive
► Behavioral
The intent of which of the following is to reduce uncertainty by playing out potential situations
► Scheduling


► Customers
► Location
► Self concept

► Strength
► Weakness
► Opportunity
► Threat

determined by subordinates and their superiors and progress towards objectives is periodically
reviewed?

Most managers believe that if an MBO (management by objective) program is to be successful, it
must start at:
► Top Level
► Middle level
► Lower level

A firm that stops buying supplies from other companies and begins to provide its own supplies,
has diversified through:

In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have the largest share of a rapidly growing
market?
► Cash cow
► Question mark
► Star
► Dogs

In BCG matrix which of the following businesses have a large share of a market that are not
expected to grow substantially?
► Dogs
► Question mark
► Star
► Cash cow

► Centralization
► Span of control

► Informal
► Centralized
► Decentralized
► Specialized

The fact that managers can become experts within their industry is a function of which kind of
► Product
► Functional
► Process
► Geographical

The organization structure in which separate business units are grouped under a manager who is
responsible for performance, strategy and operations is called:

“CLEAR” shampoo introduced the first ever anti-dandruff shampoo range for men. Through this
shampoo Unilever is practicing which of the following strategies?
► Focus Strategy

What things the Organizations are doing to facilitate an effective wider span of control for their
managers?

A complex uncertain environment influences an organization toward which of the following?
► Formalization

► Span of control
► Formalization

► Fad
► Desire
► Need
► Fashion


► Flexibility
► Autonomy
► Convenient


motivator?
► Recognition
► Responsibility
► Advancement
► Status

According to McClelland's three-need theory, people who are striving for personal achievement
rather than for the trappings and rewards of success have a high:
► Need for power


► Security
► High pay

Visionary leaders appear to have all of the following qualities related to effectiveness in their
leadership roles EXCEPT:

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers toward established goals by clarifying role and
task requirements are using which of the following?
► Charismatic
► Transactional

Which of the following ***** engages in collective work that requires joint effort and generates
a positive synergy?
► Work *****
► Work team
► Quality circle
► Functional team
► It is accurate

deviations?
► Controlling
► Planning
► Organizing
► Leading

Which of the following is NOT a formal *****?
► Command groups
► Task forces

Decisions which deal with situations where the factors are fairly structured and occur with some
frequency are called:

Which one of the following functions or activities involves in recruiting and placing qualified
personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives and goals?
► Planning
► Organizing
► Staffing
► Leading

► Role
► Obligation
► Responsibility
► Function


Which of the following are groups defined by the organization's structure, that have designated
work assignments and specific tasks?
► Formal groups
► Informal groups
► Command groups
► Interest groups

There are three different approaches to designing control systems. Which of the following is
used primarily in team-based or less bureaucratic types of organizations?
► Market control
► Clan control


ABC Ltd is a small marketing services company. You have been put in charge of a new
project team. It is the second week the team has been together, and progress on the task is
frustratingly slow. There are lots of creative ideas being put forward, but team members
criticize everything and try to put their own ideas over others. Your manager is getting
concerned and asks you to report on how the team is working.

those competencies?

Discuss the Boston Consulting ***** (BCG) matrix and explain its usefulness in
the BCG matrix..
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
Question No: 1 (Marks: 1) - Please choose one

Sulman has a strong need for:
► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power
Not 100% sure Question No: 2 (Marks: 1) - Please choose one (chap 04)
performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing

► uncovering what is already there

► creating something new
► organizing already discovered items
► criticizing the discovered items

it is called:
► Crisis problem

► Tactical
► Strategic
► Directional
► Operational

A
► A Program
► A project
► A policy
► A rule

The
► Scheduling

In
► Constraint s
► Scenarios


A
► Role ambiguity

► Crisis problem

In
► Acceptability
► Durability
► Accountability
► Liability

► Scanning stage
► Diagnosis stage

The



► European Union

Few
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

An
► Ethics
► Values
► Norms
► Rituals

The
► Positive
► Negative

The
► Top management
► Employees
► Stockholders

All
► Innovation
► Aggressiveness
► Stability

► Stakeholders
► Advisories
► beneficiaries


The

► Social theory

In
► Physiological
► Esteem
► Safety
► Social

► Human behavior
► Social behavior
► Moral behavior

The
► Centralization
► Authority
► Responsibility

The
► planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling

► Abraham Maslow
► Charles Babbage
► Max Weber

situations?
► Problem-solving
► Interpersonal
► Conceptual
► Technical

If


A
following role?
► Spokesperson
► Representative
► Disseminator
► Agent

A

Dr.
► 14 Points
► 6 Points
► 8 Points
► 20 Points

The
► Circle
► Pyramid
► Square
► Diamond

The
► Anthropology
► Philosophy
► Economics
Question No: 38 (Marks: 1) - Please choose ones

The

The
► Philosophy
► Economics
► Psychology

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropologys

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50
► Esteem
► Security
► Achievement
► Power

performing?
► Planning
► Leading
► Controlling
► Organizing

The
single European Union currency is called:
► Franc
► Franc-mark
► Pound
euro

A
large chemical company not only dispose off all toxic waste properly as outlined by law, but
it also spends $1 million dollars each year on research to determine better processes for all
businesses to use in disposing of toxic wastes. This company is exhibiting which of the
following?

Ali
has decided to implement changes within the production process of his organization. This
decision was based upon his review of how well the performance level of the organization is
meeting the established goals for the company. He is practicing which of the following
management functions.
► Planning
► Controlling
► Leading
► Organizing

A
plan developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely to be repeated in the future
is called:
► Single-use plan
► Specific plan
► Reaction plan
► Directional plan

The
► Scheduling

All


The
strap of Ali's bag tore off as he threw it over his shoulder. On the way to school, he stopped
at the first store that carries bags, walked in and purchased one from the front rack. Ali
has just made which of the following type of decision?
► Maximizing
► Satisfying
► Risky
► Optimal
Question No: 10 (Marks: 1) - Please choose on

Asad spoke out in a meeting in favor of a potential cost savings that would result from a
new employee benefits program offered by the company. He later received information
that showed that his initial decision about the cost savings was incorrect, but he was too
embarrassed to publicly admit that he was wrong, so he stuck by his original statement.
Asad is practicing which of the following?
► Satisficing
► Maximizing

Aisha wants to sell her house. She makes a decision to sell house to the first person who
comes along after getting the initial offer. which of the following she is practicing?
► Bounding rationality
► Satisficing
► Competitive
► Optimizing

Which of the following aspect of decision making is based on facts such as costs, revenues
and product design specifications?
► Decision quality
► Optimizing
► Satisficing

In
case of a simple problem the assumptions of rationality can be met because of which of the
following?
► Goals are clear and alternatives are boundless
► Goals are unlimited and alternatives are limitless
► Goals are clear and alternatives limited
► Goals are boundless and alternatives are clear

Most of the time lower level management of organizations have to deal with problems
which are:
► Satisficing
► Well-structured
► Non-programmed
► Ill -structured

Putting a decision into action and conveying the decision to the persons who will be affected
by it, is known as:

► Discrepancies
► Scenario s
► Factor weights

A
plant manager of an organization, who is trying to reduce turnover of production workers,
notices that turnover has decreased by 10 percent in four months after he introduced a new
training program, the manager is at which step in the rational decision-making process?


A
retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring
season based on last spring’s outcomes is operating under what kind of decision-making
condition?
► Seasonal
► Risk
► Uncertainty
► Certainty

The
extent to which an alternative can be accomplished within related organizational
constraints such as time, budgets, technology and policies is called:
► Reversibility
► Sustainability
► Feasibility
► Acceptability

A
choice made from two or more alternatives is called:
► Support
► System
► Network
► Decision

An
agreement among the Mexican, Canadian and U.S government in which barriers to free
trade have been eliminated is called:
► NAFTA
► ASEAN
► EU
► WTO

Few
years ago, employees of an international company took wages cuts to help the firm offset
► Unethical
► Ethical
► Socioeconomic

A



All
► Culture
► Customers
► Competitors
► Regulators
All
of the following are the part of organization’s internal environment EXCEPT:
► Employees
► Owner
► Culture
► Regulators



The
Walt Disney company’s movies, theme parks and television programs all benefit one
► Synergy
► Transformation
► Entropy

The
bank of New England uses models to figure out how many teller need to be on duty at each
location at various times throughout the day. Bank is using which of the following
approaches?

► Social theory

Chester Barnard saw organizations as a ______system that required human assistance.
► Moral
► Ethical
► Social
► Technical

Low
level management has a complete authority to make decisions in case of:
► Centralization
► Scalar Chain
► Order

► Increased worker motivation
► Decreased worker specialization
► Increased worker productivity
► Decreased worker motivation

According to Mintzberg monitor, disseminator and spokesperson are all:
► Interpersonal roles
► Informational roles
► Decisional roles
► Functional roles

Hussain is the physician who heads the Critical Care Unit at Mercy Hospital, the most
► Informational
► Decisional
► Interpersonal
► Functional

► Spokesperson
► Monitor
► Leader

► Planning
► Communication
► Goal setting

Adam Smith wrote his book “The Wealth of Nations” in:
► 15th century
► 17th century
► 20th century
► 18th century

► Psychology
► Sociology
► Anthropology

Ali
is working as the head of tea unit of a multinational organization. Expenses of tea unit are
increasing day by day. He is much worried. He decided to call a meeting and ask for some
suggestions to reduce expenses from his subordinates. Different subordinates suggest for
the downsizing of research department as it was not working efficiently. Ali still wants to
think over this suggestion. What steps he should take to make a rational decision?
Q1)
People with which of the following decision making style have a high tolerance for ambiguity
and tend to focus on the people or social aspects of a work situation?
Analytical
Behavioral
Directive
Conceptual
Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 04:41:48 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is called an input to a system?
Materials
Products
Services
Employee behavior
Which of the following is noted for the development of time motion studies that utilized
Frederick Taylor
Henri Fayol
Henry Gnatt

A culture where employees show a great deal of respect for authority and where titles and ranks
are important would be an example of which dimension of national culture?

Power distance
Which of the following theory proposes that ethical decisions be based on existing ethical norms
in industries and communities in order to determine what constitutes right and wrong?

Quiz Start Time: 04:38 PM Time Left 28

sec(s)

Grouping activities and resources in a logical fashion is called:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling

sec(s)

Which of the following is NOT an example of a constituency that makes up the specific
environment?
Customers
Socio-cultural
Suppliers
Competitors

sec(s)

Groups that are affected by organizational decisions and policies are known as:
Stockholders
Stakeholders
Business owners

The management function that specifies goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the
appropriate actions to achieve those goals is:
Leading
Controlling
Organizing
Planning

The behaviorist Mary Parker Follett referred to integration as a process in which:

sec(s)

Fredrick Taylor was the student of:
Robert Owen
Charles Babbage
W. Edwards Deming
Henry Towne

Which viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently?
Behavioral
Quantitative
Classical
Qualitative

Which of the following is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she can or cannot
do?
Procedure
Policy
Rule
Solution

Which of the following is one of Fayol's principles of management?
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization’s general environment?
Economic conditions
Social conditions
Industry conditions

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MIDTERM EXAMINATION

ExamDate: 12/12/2009 12:00:00 AM

For Teacher's Use Only

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Avoid cooperation with workers

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► The socio-cultural element

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► European common market

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► European Common Market

Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 )

Chapter 3 Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints

THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

5. In the omnipotent view of management, much of an organization’s success or failure is due

6. If an organization subscribes to the symbolic view of managers, it is unreasonable to expect

7. A manager’s role in the omnipotent view of management is to create meaning out of

THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE

8. An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.

9. The organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that

10. Organizational culture is a perception, not reality.

11. Presently, there is no method for analyzing or assessing organizational culture.

14. Compensation is mentioned in the textbook as a dimension of organizational culture.

15. Most organizations have very weak cultures.

16. An organization’s founder has little influence on its culture.

18. Organizational stories typically contain a narrative of significant events or people.

22. The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.

27. Industry conditions are an example of an organization’s general environment.