Contents

Discovery Bay Marine laboratory PD. Box 35,

Discovery Bay,

StAnn,

Jamaica.

Phone: 876·973-2241

EmaH: [email protected]

URL: http://WVIIW.mona.uwi.edu/cmsfdbml.htm

Photographs: Dr Nonnan Q.uinn

Covar photo: A Eusmilia fastigiata CDlony surrounded by BI~ Chromis (Chromis crane·a) at 20 m on Dairy BI111 Reef

Is Physical Structure a Positive IFeedback Mechanism Maintaining A.lgall-D'omilnated Reefs?

Caribbean coral reefs have experienced a dramatic phase shift from coral to rnacroalqal dominance that has persisted for the last 25 year:s. This phase shit was largely driven by the removal of dominant Acroporid corals by disease and storm damage and the virtual extnrpation of U1e keystone herbivore Diadema antillarum., Diadema populations are recovering throughout the Caribbean, however, they have not y'et returned to pre-dienff densities. On many Jamaican reets, structure lost lin Hurricanes Allen and Gilbert has not been restored. Sarah Lee from University of Nlorth Carolina is examining the role that urchin density and structure' pillay in maintalining an algall domiinated state on the West Fore Reef. III algal-dominated areas, Diadema ils almost entirely Ilimited to coral heads where their density is correlated with the degree of structural complexity. In a fully tactorial experiment. she manipulated structural complexity and urchin density in 2m2 cages at 7-9m depth 01'1 an exposed forereef lncreaslnq urchin density and structural complexity significanUy decreased macmalgall cover (with no sign~fjcan1t interactive effects). These results indicate that structure may significantly influenoe the likelihood ot a Diadema-mediated shift in community state. Consequently, the 'graduailloss ot structure via storms and disease may act as a posdve feedback maintainingl algal dominanoe on Caribbean reefs.

Dr Stennett views sfaghom oOOr:a:fs on 8f.J A-freme, one of the 3 methods of core: transplantation used in the project.

Stagho'rI1 Coral Restoration Project

In recent years, efforts have been made to reverse coral met decline, for example with the implementation of Marine Protected Areas. These efforts were borne out of the reoognition that many of the once' abundant coral species have disappeared from om reels with algae' taking thelir place. One of the major species disappearing from the reefs is staghonn coral (Acropora cervicornis).

Dr Mishka Stennett (Project Coordinator) is working with local stakeholders, including Negril Coral Reef Preservation Trust, Montego

Bay Marine Park and Northern Jamaican Conservation Association in an experiment to restore stag hom coral (Acropora cetvicomis) populations on local reefs. The aim of the project is to increase the abundance of Staghom Coral in designated experimental areas, as Well as to increase the health of existing colonies. Staghom coral was chosen because it is one of the corals most affeoted by hurricanes and disease- in the past, and appears te net be recovering. It IS also a very fast groWing coral, so much so that the literature often refers to it as a 'weedy coral'. Dr Barbara l Kojis (JW Fulbright Scholar) in cellaboranon with Dr Norman J Quinn (2005) have found that Acropora settlement on ceramic tiles on the reefs around Discovery Bay is extremely low. It is considered that an interventionist approach will have a greater chance to increase coral cover than sexual reproduction.

The three methods of propagating cervicornis were introduced at a workshop held in June 2004 at DBML. The Acropora cervicornis is favored because it is a major reef building coral as well as the fastest growing and easiest to relocate without much stress to the individual polyps and the colony itself. More interestingly it also grows by fra.gmentation. Preliminary results are

promising, and have shown

that it is possible to increase the biomass of the coral through fragmentation and transplantation on local reefs.

The workshop was divided into lectures and activities sessions where practical work was carried out using the three methods and coral fragments were implanted at sites favoring the grewth of A. cervicornis corals. A series of follow up workshops were held in Oct/Nov 2004 to demonstrate to the initial workshop participants and their guests the results of the previous workshop. Additional participants were invited, to increase public awareness of the project and expand the pool of trainees. Currently DBMLis working closely with Sandals Ooho RiGs, Beaches, Royal prantation among other stakeholders in reestablishing Acropora cervicomis populations.

Siti& 1 Sir!! 2. Sitl! 3 Site III SIte 5

Survivorship of coral at five different sites four months after transplantation

On November 10, an abbreviated version of the workshop was held for the Fishermen of the Discovery Bay area, particularly from the fishing beaches Old Folly and Top Beach. These Open Days were lead by

Dr Mishka Stennett. In December 2004, Royal Plantation, Ocho Rios sponsored their own Coral Reef Restoration workshop under the supervision of DBML staff and Dr Austin Bowden-Kerby.

Dr Stennett gave talks titled "Evaluating the potential for restoration of Staghorn coral populations" at Beaches Boscobel, Sandals Ocho Rios and Breezes runaway bay while Drs Norman Quinn and Mishka Stennett gave a presentation at Sandals Dunns River. Additional workshops are being planned by partners and stakeholders who realize the long term potential of the project and its benefit to not only the hospitality industry, but to the local fishermen and biodiversity of the environment.

Workshop participant David Gill (Barbados Marine Trust) videoing the A-frame method of coral planting, while Renata Goodridge (CERMES, Barbados) removes built up algae

Deshaun Martin and Tracey Edwards and Dr Mishka Stennett work on arrame in the shallow waters by the dock

Scientific Officer Nadia-Deen Ferguson records fauna under the transect line in the {CBG biodiversity survey

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Benthic Marine Communities

Influential research in terrestrial habitats has shown that several ecosystem processes are related to plant diversity, yet these links remain poorly studied in marine ecosystems. Moreover, consumers play central roles in regulating primary production and community structure, but the importance of consumer diversity in mediating plant diversity-productivity relationships is poorly known for any system. Dr John F Bruno,

Sarah Lee and Dr Robert Carpenter and others in the team conducted field and mesocosm 'experiments to explore the relative effects of macroalgal and grazer identity and diversity on primary production in

hard substratum subtidal communities in North Carolina and Jamaica. In contrast to previous results from grasslands and other systems, their manipulations of algal diversity did not strongly support the predicted diversity-productivity relationship. In some cases they found slightly higher rates of primary production in diverse algal assemblages (i.e., 6- 10 species), but this was largely due to the presence of highly productive species (i.e., the sampling effect). In manipulations of herbivore diversity, algal biomass was 2x lower in the presence of a mixed grazer assemblage than in grazer monocultures, suggesting dietary complementarity among herbivores and that consumer diversity may play a dominant role in controlling marine ecosystem properties.

Coral Bleaching Mechanism Exposed

Dr Ian Sandeman (Trent University) has been a regular visitor to DBML where he has been following up some of his ideas on coral bleaching. The current explanation that coral gastrodermal cells detach due to temperature changes does not take into account the roles of light, UV or other influences that are reported in the literature. If a piece of coral (Agaricia agaricites) is held in sea water at 32-33°C and half is illuminated (250 IJEins.) and the other half shaded, after several hours

the illuminated half begins to bleach while the shaded half remains unaffected

(Fig 1). If such artificially bleached pieces of coral are fixed, embedded in acrylic resin, ground thin and stained, one can see, early in the bleaching process, detached and detaching zooxanthellae (Fig. 2A), later the gastrodermis appears to be syncytial and fragmented (Fig 2B).

Fig. 1

Dr Austin Bowden Kerby and Renata Goodridge inspect the cement coral disk restoration technique while Raymond Campbell prepares to transport coral on the A-frames during the coral restoraUon workshop

Fig.2a

.01mm

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Fig.2b

In order to observe what was happening during bleaching, gastrodermal tissue (easily seen because of its brown colour due to the algae) was scraped off from between the parallel septa on the edge of a live coral and examined microscopically. Under controlled conditions of high light and temperature the gastrodermal tissue rounds off with an outer dear layer and zooxanthellae in the centre (Fig 3A). After a delay period of 1-2 hrs individual zooxanthellae move to the surface, protrude and appear to be pinched off, singly or in pairs or larger groups (Fig. 36), Each detached zooxanthella is surrounded by a thin layer of host cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and often, but not always, contains a nucleus or other cell inclusions (see Fig. 36). At the same time small spherical fragments, not containing algae also detach. The time delay before detachment commences and the rate at which algae detach depends upon the temperature and light level. The higher the temperature and light level, the shorter the delay period and the higher the rate of detachment (Fig. 4A).

Fig.3a

Fig.3b

Hydrogen peroxide (HPz) is a product of photosynthesis especially under high light conditions. It is able to easily move through cell membranes and is known to damage cell membranes by lipid peroxidation. When added to gastrodermal tissue, zooxanthellae started detaching after a delay of

about an hour with a low

(1 mM) concentration of H202• With higher concentrations (5 and 10mM) of HP2 the delay was 10-15 minutes and the detachment rate was much higher (Fig. 46). Lipid peroxidationof pieoes of Agaricia was found to increase to a maximum after 2-4 hrs under bleaching conditions and then decrease. Hydrogen

peroxide production by isolated zooxanthellae from several species of corals was measured and found to increase dramatically With changes in temperature in both directions. HPz release from pieces of coral under bleaching conditions also gave the very interesting result that it was released at a steady rate for a few hours and then dropped dramatically to a much lower rate. This point of change sometimes coincided with the appearance of the first visible symptoms of bleaching, whitening on the septal ridges.

This suggests that HZ02 produced during photosynthesis under high ngh~temperature conditions was the culprit; acting through lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes leading to loss of the symbiotic algae and fragmentation of the gastrodermis. The change in rate of release of HP2 by whole corals may follow damage to the coral's flagellated gastrodermis 10 the point that internal circulation ceases and H202 build-up escalates leading to further cell damage.

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Figs.4a and 4b

Extinct and EXtant Reef Cora.ls Coex:isting on a Fossil Reef Tract from Northern J·amaica

Duling the Late Pliocene, 2. million years ago,. the canbnesn had >60% more reef coral species than are found today. Nearly all

com men modern species thrived on these ancient reefs including Acropora. Dip/aria, Porites and Montastrea. Associated wfth these corals were several genera that are- now regionallye.xtfnct e.g. Stylophora, Goniopora. and Caulastrea, but occur in the lndo-Paciftc region. These Indo-Paclfle genera were actually dominant form on older pre-Pliocene reefs, but dice out somet.ime before 500 ,000 year a·90. While the overall picture of late Pliocene Caribbean reef diversity is well-documented, critical questions remain concerning the 'ecology of coral communities at this time. Uttl'e is known about the relationship between extant and extinct corals on these reefs or the extent to which reef zones cam be recognized in the late Pliocene.

Dr Thomas A Stemann and his colleagues Drs Stephen K.Donova." and RogerW Portell from the British Natural History Museum are i.nvestigating e.xtensive new exposures from the Pliocene Hopegate Formation near Discovery Bay. They collected nearly .2000 coral specimens and identified 7.2 species including 29 extinct and 43 extant speoies. Their results show that the same species dominate modern Caribbean reefs and also appear abundantly as in situ components of wave-washed reef crest and shallow fore reef communities in the formation. Examination of species distributions and relative abundance reveals that the mean number of localities per species is significantlY lower for t!'l.e exttnct forms. and asignfficantIy higher proportion 0f the extinct species are rare in those samples in which they occur, Extinct species arealso under represented in localiti.es containing abundant in-place corals.

JW Fulbrig'ht Scholars

DBML was pleased to host its first residential J.W. Fulbright scholars.

Dr Barbara L Kojis, 2003-2004 U.S. Fulbright Professor to Jamaica and Director. Division of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources. Sf. Thomas, U.S_ Virgin Islands: December 24,2003 to May 2,2004 (4 months).

Dr Kojis was able to use the fellOWShip to continue to collect and analyze data relating to the seasonal and interannual variation in scleractinian and milleporan coral recruitment by planula larvae (for the most part sexual recruits) at different depths and habitats around Discovery Bay. She was particularly interested in recruitment of aeroporans (staghom (Acropora ceNicomis) and elkhorn (A palmata) corals) ..

Her assessment of the paucity of Acroporid recruitment validated the establishment of the coral restoration project. Prior to the early 1980's, elkhorn and staghorn corals were the most abundant oorals in shallow and moderately deep (to 15m) water on Caribbean coral reefs. Hurricanes on the north coast of Jamaica and white band disease throughout the Caribbean killed approximately 95% of colonies of these two species in the late 1970's and early 1980's. Neither species has recovered. However, her results indicate that sexual. recruitment, by most l.ikely the elkhorn coral species, is increasing, Evidence for this is from the increased number of recruits recorded settling on clay tiles deployed in shallow water and from field observations of coral spurs comprised of dead branches of staghorn coral with high numbers of acroporan recruits. This is an on~going project carried out in collaboration with Dr Norman J Quinn and resulted in a paper that was presented at the International Coral. Reef Symposium in Japan in June 2004 and subsequently published in conference proceedings. As well, Dr. Kojis participated in surveys of the local coral reefs to determine suitable source populations of staghorn corals and assess potential sites suitable for restoration of this species.

Dr Kojis also assisted in the .Internalional Cooperative Biodiversity Groups project by helping to develop a sampl.ing protocol for sponges and gorgonians on the reef. She worked closely with the staff to determine the literature available and methodology available for identifying sponges and gorgonian5 .. She participated in field sampling' with DBML staff to test the methodology and help train the research staff.

Dr Barbara L Kojls and Nadfa Dee"..Ferguson in a biodiversity coral reef survey for the ICBG project

Dr Quinn assisted with Dr Kajis an various aspects of the US Virgin Island's Division of Fish and Wildlife's commercial fishers census. The effart was funded by the Caribbean Fisheries Management Council,

Dr Kojis also visited the DBML supported Schools Environment Program run by "Jackie Roots". At the completion of her fellowship

Dr Kojis donated several professional and general interest books to. the DBML library. We are grateful to her contribution to. our library.

Kristi Klomp, 2003~2004 U.s.. Fulbright Student to Jamaica, Ph.D. candidate in Environmental Studies at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan: October 15, 2003 to. August 17 ,. 2004 (10 months). She is the recipient of an award under the 2003~2004 U.S .. Fulbright Graduate Student Program. She investigated the impact of endosulfan on reproductian in the red band parrot fish. Endasulfan is an organochlorine pesticide having estrogenic properties which can patentially disrupt normal endocrine and reproductive processes in fishes. Used widely in agriculture throughaut the world, endasulfan is used in Jamaica to control the caffee beny barer, a beetle which afflicts production of Jamaica's Blue Mauntain coffee .. Using red band parrotfish (Sparisoma aurofrenatum) as a model, she is examining changes in gonadal histalogy and plasma sex steroids associated with endosulfan exposure, By determining how endosulfan interferes with the hermaphroditic transitianin red band parrot fish she endeavors to discover the mechanisms underlying the plasticity of sex determination connected to endocrine disrupting. contaminants .. We look forward to .Iearning of her findings!

Internati.onaI Cooperative .BiodiversityG.roups Partnership with the University of Mississippi

Dr NormanJ Quinn and researchers Drs Larry Walker, Marc Slatt.ery, Deb Gochfeld and Mark T Hamann at the University of Mississippi have established a partnership with funding through the Internatianal Cooperative Biodiversity Graups (ICBG) program. The overall goals of this ICaG project are to: 1:) discover marine natural products from Jamaican reefs as prototypes far the develapment of new therapies for cancer and infectious diseases: 2) to develop biolagical and chemical data relative to eco'lagical variability in support of conservation/restoration efforts on Jamaican coral reefs; and 3 J to contribute to sustainable economic development and sCientific/technolog.ical enrichment in Jamaica. These goals will rely an a concerted multidisciplinary, multiinstitutianal research effort.

Dr Tony Greenaway, Nad;a Ferguson, Jennifer Stephenson. Drs Marc SlaHery, Deb Gochfefd, Larry Walker, George Warner and Norman Quinn pose for a group photo after an International Cooperative Biodiverslty Groups (TGBS) meeting_

To accamplish these goals the following specific aims are targeted:

• Survey, collect.Identify and database marine life. including algae, sponges, gorgonians. tunicates,and microorganisms, from Jamaican reefs and nearby coastal waters, with attendant information relative to geographic range & habitat charactensues, nutrients, fishing pressure or otheranthropagenic stressors,

• Develap a model of temporal and spatial variability in marine natural

product resources that provides biomedical researchers with targeted sourcing strategies, thereby limiting averuseldamage of

fra.grleenvironments. _

• Prepare and extract samples for chemical. fingerprinting and 'biological

screening in a wide r.ange of assays far activities relevant to. cancer, lntectious diseases, and neurolagical disorders,

• Identify extracts that exhibit

patent, selective, and/or unique profiles of biolagical activity that may be exploitable as potential leads for new drugs ..

.Isalate and elucidate structures of novel pure natural products from these extracts, with more detailed characterizations of activities and mechanisms of action,

Dean Ronald Young speaks at an ICBG meeting as Drs Trevor Yeeand Larry Wafke.r listen

Prepare libraries of novel pure marine natural, semisynthetic and biotransformation products for further chemical and biological evaluations.

Train Jamaican studentsfpostdoctoral researchers and others in techniques involved in coral reef monitoring and conservation, marine organism taxonomy, marinechemical ecology" sample collection and prep_a ration, natursl products and analytical chemistry, bloassays, microbiology and fermentalion, aquaculture, and other related disciplines.

Enhanoe capabiHty of localorganlZ8tions to minimize overexploita.tion of marine resources, with resultant conservationtrestoration of the reef

environment,and positive economic impact for the island.

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by the project in some way,. those whose activities might affect the project, and those considered to have a special interest in the man-agement and conservation of marine resources, including representatives of regulatory and enforcement agencies .. ,It also investigated stakeholders' perceptions of potential impacts, both positive and negative, and their views on how any financial benefits from the project should be allocated. Tracey .Edwards andOeshaun Martin assisted with conducting the survey.

The survey revealed a strong interest in the proposed ICBG project on the part of stakeholders. The majority are optimistiC about the project, expecting economle- and health benefits as well as other spin-offs including improved environmental conservation and compliance"

increased knowledge and awareness of marine resources, and improvededacation, training and research capa.city of local institutions.

Stakeholders expressed great concern for the deteriorating state af Jamaica:s coral reefs and apprehension about possible environmental impacts and threats toUie' Ilvelihoods of resource Users, partjcularty regarding harVesting for producti"on if a new drug is dIsCovered. They called for careful monitoring and regulation of all aspectsof the project to minimize environmental damage,

increased enforcement of environmental laws, improved waste management and increased p'ublic education about the ne.ed to protect natural resour-ces.

R.;fgardin~gl1nanciar tienefits and benefit-sharing, ~he stakehQldefs anticipate moderate benefits such as employment and boat hile. raccornmodations, meals and transportation while the researchers are carrying outfield work. Most respondents are opposed togovemment ~--'-'__ imfohtementJn...fue allocation or management of financial benefits, and feel that per sample fees paid to the government and/or stakehokler groups would provide nosignmcant benefits to local people. StakehOlders

l _

overwhelmingly favor the estabJrshment of a Trust Fund for :conser:vatiol'l,

education and eapacity-building of Jamaican organizationsijtnd contributions of equipment. traJnrng or improvements toloeal facilities. A cop~ of the report may be obtained by contacting Wendy Lee at:

[email protected]

(1 stiil jeei tbebes: ideas' I've punNed bave comefrom observations of orglllJisms in the field aflli Il5king, What are those an-imr1ls doing?" - WiJJiam McFarland - Agassif{'s ug4(J-(jr"29)

The outoomes of these efforts willindude new therapies and/or other Biotechnological products derived from the marine- natural resources of the hostoountry, which, when successfully commercialized, will provide the impetus for sustainable economic development strat~iesand conservation efforts directed at fragUe marine biodiversity. Additionalty" the research conducted dUring this program will

provIde much needed information, training and msearch infrastructure for Jamaican natural resource manaqers and the UW1 scientificcommunity.

Perceived Costs and Benefits of Bio .. Prospecting in Jamaica- ....--

Northern Jarn:aica Conservation AssQciation was contracted by the DBML to design and conduct a stakeholder survey for a proposed bio__R~osl2ecting:Pfoiect seekil 9 new dru~s from ~a~rine pl':lntsaod animals. The survey lepd by Wendy Lee was to share Information about the In,temational Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) project with individuals and groups whose activities or livelihoOds might be affected

Coral Restoration Workshop

In June 2004, Dr Austin Bowden~Kjrby {CounterPart International}. lead a four day coral restoration techniques workshop. The workshop attracted many local participants. The objective was to build a pool of trained people capable of carrying out coral reef restoration. Participants of the workshop included: Trevor Howard, Tracy Ann Hyman, Timothy Anderson -Beaehes Boscobel Hotel; Delroy Jugdeese, Timon BryanBreezes Runaway Bay Hotel; Brandon Hay, Ann Sutton - Caribbean Coastal Area Management; Perceival Plummer, Blane Hashing - Half Moon Hotel; Robert Stephenson - Kaiser Ja. Bauxite Co Ltd; Andrew Ross, Dietrich Roggy, Michael Loftin - Montego Bay Marine Park; LinvaJ Getten, Ansurd Carey. Everton Frame - Negril Coral Reef Preservation Society; Daisy Blackwood, Richard Marsh - Northern Jamaica Conservation Association; Hugh Goven, (Foundation for People's of the South Pacific). Alex Lanigan, Samantha Cowan - Ocho Rlos Friends of the Sea;. Old Folly and Top Seach - 22 Fishermen; Paul McQuick, Tamira Jones - Portland Environmental Protection Agency;

Gladstone Audson, Adrian Brown, Ian Derril, Dwight Douglas, Lesworth Johnson - Sandals Royal Plantation Hotel; Raymond Campbell, Andrae Morris - Sandals Ocho Rios; Oelrose Walters, Loquesser Livingston, Sheldon Scotchman - Ritz Carlton Hotel.

Ors Norman J Quinn (DBML) and Mishka Stennett (DBML) coordinated the coral restoration project which is establishing. partnerships with commercial organizations, fishers and non government organizations locally. The workshop was funding by a USAID CWIP2 grant to

Dr Norman J Quinn.

The participants learnt about ways to protect the remaining Jamaican coral reefs. and techniques for building artificial ones through three techniques: the A-Frame. Line Culture and Coral Cookie techniques. The techniques require supervision, but for the most part are simple and "lowtech". A few pieces of A. cervicornis are taken from large healthy populations and placed in suitable habitats, but generally depauperate of colonies of the species. Over time, and with the help of local stakeholders and partners, pockets of healthy staghom populations will be created in the waters along the North Coast

Coral Restoratien Workshop participants

Sponge Biology Workshop

Dr Philippe Willenz (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Belgium and Dr Alexander Ereskovsky (St. Petersburg State University. Russia) lead a sponge biology workshop at DBML in March 2005. Twelve participants from the Caribbean region included: Renata Goodridge (CERMES. UWI). Andrea Donaldson (NEPA), Dr Lianna Jarecki (H. Lavity Stout College, British Virgin Islands), Andrew Ross (Montego Bay Marine Park), Dr Winklet Gallimore (Chemistry Department, UWI),

Dr Barbara L Kojis (Department of Planning and Natural Resources US Virgin Islands). Devon Callam (College of Agriculture and Science Education), Deshaun Martin (DBML). Jenise Smith (UWI, Mona). Tavia Riggon (UWI, Mona) and Tracey Edwards (DBML).

We are pleased that participants included UWI students, govemment environmental managers, faculty from other educational institutions in the region. NGO group members, and a scientific officer from a marine protected area. The two day workshop covered the theory and practice of sponge identification as well and the biology and ecology of several

local and Mediterranean sponges. The workshop was sponsored by the International B iod iversity Groups planning grant to Dr Norman J Quinn.

Dr Dale Webber assists Ph.D. student Gale Persad with her plankton sampling

UWI Course BL20L Diving Technology for Aquatic Scientists

Peter Gayle gave several lectures in the course Diving Technology for Aquatic Scientists course in 2004 and 2005. The course is in now in its fifth year since DBML revitalized the course in 2001.

Intellectual Property Rights Seminar

DBML in collaboration with Dr Trevor Yee from the Natural Products Institute, UWI (NPI) organized two seminars by Dr Steven Price from Public Interest Intellectual Property Advisors (PIIPA) entitled "Public Interest Intellectual Property Advisors: Helping to Level the Playing Field". Seminars were conducted both at UWI Mona and at DBML. Wendy Le-e from the Northern Jamaica Conservation Association (NJCA) provided coordinating assistance with the seminar held at DBML.

Intellectual Property Rights had become an increasingly important as many developed countries undertake exploration of pharmaceutical products the biota of developing countries. Dr Price discussed the objectives of PItPA and how it can advise developing countries on issues of Intellectual Property Rights. Dr Price's visit and seminars were supported by the International Biodiversity Groups planning grant to Dr Norman J Quinn.

Participants from thirteen organizations attended the seminar held at the Mona Campus. Attendees included: Dr George F Warner Center for Marine Sciences (UWI), Edward Brightly Jamaica Intellectual Property Office; Dorsia Brooks (NJCA); Kay Brown Business Development Office (UWI); Java Evans Mona Institute of Applied Sciences (UWI); Roselyn Fisher Scientific Research Council; Ivan Goodbody Life Sciences Department (UWI); Hopeton Heron (National Environmental Planning Agency); June Kelly Institute of Jamaica; Loy Malcolm Mona Institute of Applied Sciences (UWI); Doreen MaJlett Mona Information and Technology Services (UWI); Dayton Outar Mona Institute of Applied Sciences; Derrick Powell Northern Jamaica Conservation Association; Jimmy Robb Northern Jamaica Conservation Association; Loreen Walker Jamaica Intellectual Property Office; Keesha Walker Institute of Jamaica; Nicosia Shakes Liberty Hall: The Legacy of Marcus Garvey; Fredrick Boyd

Dept.of Life Sciences (UWI); Hazel R.amsay-McClune Institute of Jamaica; Dean Ronald Young Faculty of Pure & Applied Science (UWI); Cheryl Brown Office of Sponsored Research (UWI,); Beverley Pereira Legal Unit, (UWI).

At the seminar held at DBML there were fifteen participants from seven organizations present. They were: Nadine Lawson (St. Ann Bauxite Limited); Charmaine Morris (NEPA) Trevor Radway (Farmer Knapdale Citizens Association); Chris Rhoads (NJCA); Dr Mishka Stennett (DBML); Peter Gayle (DBML); Cowen Clarke & Andrew Ross (Montego Bay Marine Park); Hugh Johnson & Frank Lawrence (NJCA); Richard Marsh NJCA! F.O.T.S; Audrey earned, NJCA; Wendy Lee, NJCA; Tracey Edwards DBML.

Trncey E.dwards making cement discs upon which corat fragments wiil be secured

Workshop parljGipants set1ing up cora'" restora'lion experimental the West Fore Reef

Caye/an CaJ'fe, from DaJtmoulh UnivefSity prepares her scuba tank for a dive

UI know what being in nature' means to as/lldent and /0 a natural.r.cience sdxdar; nature is the Jource of inspiration and the site of 'truth'" Elizabeth Gladfelter

Sludents in Dartmouth Gol/ege's Foreign Study Program in Tropical Eoology dissect 'lis/; recently caught in Disoove.ry Bay

Dr Jobn J Gilbe,rl ,1'iS'tuming from a dive. Dr Gilbert has been ,bringing clas'ses to DBML sinee the mid' 1970s

Boan C 2005. Why would you spend a week hanging upside down with a tape measure, talking in Latin? Dive 6;61-64.

Bush st, WF Precht, JD Woodley s JFBruno 2004. Indo-Pacific mushroom corals found on Jamaican reefs, Coral Reefs. 23:234.

Crabbe MJC, S Karaviotis & OJ Smith 2004. Preliminary comparison of three coral reef sites in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (SE Sulawesi, Indonesia): Estimated recruitment dates compared with Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science. 74(2):469476.

Davis B & NJ QuInn 2004. Using GIS in human impact analysis of mangroves. South Pacific Joumal of Natural Science. 22: 13-26.

Edmunds PJ& RD Gates 2004 .. Size-dependent differences in the photophysiology of the reef coral Porites astreoides. Bioi. Bulf. 206:61-64.

Gayle PMH, P Wilson.;KeUy & S Green 2005. Transplantation of benthic species to mitigate impacts of coastal development in Jamaica. Intemational Joumal of Tropical Biology and Conservation / Revista de Bi%gia Tropica/ 53(1 ):105-115.

Genovese SJ & JD Witman 2004. Wind-mediated diel variation in flow speed in a Jamaican back reef environment Effects on ecological processes. Bulletin of Marine Science. 75(2):281-293.

Goodbody C & H l.ehnert 2004 Aulospongus phakelfoides sp. n. (Demospongiae: Poeeilosclendae: Raspailiidae) from deep water off Jamaica, W. I. Bulletin of Marine Science. 74(1):163168.

Haley MP & A Clayton 2003. The role of NGOs in environmental policy failures in a developing country: The mismanagement of Jamaica's coral reefs. Environmental Values. 12:2.9-54.

Hu J.;F, J Peng, AB Kazi, .M Kelly & MT Hamann 2005. Bromopyrrole alkaloids from the Jamaican sponge Didiscus oxeata. Journal of Chemical Research 427-428.

Kehas A,KA Theoharides& JJ Gilbert 2005. Effect of sun'light intensity and albinism on the covering response ot the Caribbean sea urchin Tripneustes vemricosus. Marine Biology 146: 1111-1117 ...

LaJeunesse Te, S lee, S Bush & JF Bruno 2005. Persistence of noncaribbean algal symbionts in Indo-Pacific mushroom corals released to Jamaica 35 years ago. Coral Reefs 24:157-159.

Lee W 2005. Perceived costs and benefi"ts of bio-prospectingin Jamaica:

Results of a stakeholder survey for thelntemational Cooperative Biodiversity Groups. Unpublished manuscript pp. 23.

Munro JL 2000. Out migration and movement of tagg.ed coral. reef fish in a marine fishery reserve in Jamaica. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst

51 :557-568.

List

Quinn NJ & Bl Kojis 2005. Patterns of sexual recruitment of acroporid coral populations on the West Fore Reef at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation / Revista de Biologia Tropical 53(1 ):83-90.

Quinn NJ & BlKojis 2005. Natural variability in the recovery of reef ecosystems. In: Reef .R'estoration Handbook - The Rehabilitation of an Ecosystem Under Siege., ed. W F. Precht. Boca 'Raton: CRC Press.

Solandt J .. L, AC CampbeU & MP Haley 2002. Effects of two different habitats on Stegastes diencarus (Longtin) damselfish population dynamics at Discovery Bay., Jamaica. Bul/etin of Marine Science. 72(1 ):221229.

Takamatsu 5,. TW Hodges, I Rajbhandari, WH Gerwic.k,. MT Hamann & DG Nagel 2003. Marine natural products as novel antioxidant prototypes. J. Nat. Prod.66:.605~608.

Wapnick C, WF Precht & RB Aronson 2004. Millennial-scale dynamics of stag hom coral in Discovery Bay, Jamaica .. Ecology Letters. 7:3564- 361.

Warner GF & DMOpresko 2004. A new black coral (Anthozoa:

Antipatharia) from a reef wall environment in Jamaica. Bulletin.of Marine Science. 74(1 ).:169174.

Watson M &Jl Munro 2004 .. Settlement and recruitment of coral reef fishes in moderately exploited and over exploited Caribbean ecosystems: implications for marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 69:415-425.

Watson M, R Power & JL Munro 2001. Use of light attracted zooplankton for rearing post-settlement coral reef fish. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 52::340-351.

Watson M, R Power, S Simpson & Jl Munro 2002. L.ow cost light traps designs for coral reef fishery research and sustainable ornamental fisheries. Naga: The lCLARM Quarterly 25(2.): 4-7.

Woodley J, ZSary & P Gayle 2003. Fisheries management measures instituted at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with special reference to establishment of the fisheries reserve. Gulf and Caribbean Research 14(2):181-193.

Woodley J, Z Sary & PMH Gayle 2003. Fishery management measures instituted at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with special referenoe to establishment of the fisheries reserve. Gulf and Caribbean Research. 14(2): 181-193.

Vee TH 2005. A review with published morbidity and mortality data for Jamaica. Unpublished manuscript. pp 5. ICBG Planning Grant report.

Selection ofDBML's Published Work Now Available On CD

S.ince DBML was established in the late 1960's many distinguished visitors have worked here and published their findings. Research topics include Dr Tom Gareau's original non quantitative descriptions of the reef morphology, chemical properties of sponges and a reconstruction of the invasion of the land by crabs among ma ny other topics.

Presently we have a record of more than 720 publications based on work done at DBML. We have endeavored to maintain a copy of each

publication, but some are missing and others never received. Presently we have over 450 papers that have been scanned and saved in pdf format on CD along with an EndNote file of all the publicatlens listinqauthor, tiUe and keywords.

We hope that this collection will facilitate access to the extensive body of knowledge that DBML has contributed to science and stimulate additional exciting research at DBML. For more information contact

Dr .Norman J Quinn.

~

and Seminar Presentations

Allen-Requa LC& p.J Edmunds 2005. Juvenile corals response to microenvironmental conditions created by macroalgae. 34'" Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 6~10 April, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Bechtel J, PMH Gayle & L Kaufman 2004. Diadema antillarum to Discovery Bay: patterns of distribution and abundance. 10fhlnter'national Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Bruno JF, S Lee, J Kertesz, K Boyer, JE Duffy & R Carpenter 2004.

Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in benthic marine communities. 331'<1 Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 25~28 March 2004, Mobile, Alabama.

Carpenter RC & PJ Edmunds 2005. Caribbean Wide Recovery of the Echinoid Diadema antil/arum promotes recruitment of the seleractintan corals. 341'<1 Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 6~10 April, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Edmunds PJ 2004. The demographics of a 15 year decline in cover of the Caribbean coral Montastrea annularis. Western SOCiety of Naturalists 85lhAnnual. Meeting .. 11~14 Nov 2004. Rohnert Park, California.

Edmunds p.J &R Gates 2004. The effects of temperature in determining the post-settlement success of coral recruits. 331'<1 Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 25~28 March 2004, Mobile, Alabama.

ElahiR & PJ Edmunds 2004. The effects of age and size on the physiology of scleraetinian corals. Western Society of Naturalists85lh Annual. Meeting.11~14 Nov. 2004. Rohnert Park, California.

Elahi R & PJ Edmunds 2005. The effects of age and size on the physiology of soleractinian corals. 34m Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting .6~ 1 0 April, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Ferguson NO, NJ Quinn &BL KoJis 2004. Using GIS to map biodiversity in Jamaica .. URSIA Caribbean GIS Conference, Barbados 17~19 Sept 2004.

GaylePMH, AM Greenaway & BJH Charpentier 2005. A different perspective on the status of Jamaica's north-shore reefs ~ is there a silver lining? 31" Scientific Meeting Association of the Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, Curacao, 13~1.7 June 2005.

Gochfeld 'D. M Slattery, MT Hamann, K Sullivan, NQuinn & L Walker 2004. New drugs from marine natural resources of Jamaican reefs:

Development of an international cooperative biodiversity groups program .. International Congress on Natural Products Research. July 31 August 4,2004 Phoenix, Arizona USA.

KojisBL 2004. Efforts of the Division of Fish and Wildlife to Manage US Virgin Islands Fish Stocks. Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory seminar.

Kojis BL 2004. Fisheries Management in the US Virgin Islands. Seminar at the Centre for Marine Sciences, University of the West Indies, 12 February 2004.

Kojis BL, KR Uwate & NJ Quinn 2004. Comprehensive Census of fishermen in the US Virgin Islands. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa. Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Lee S 2004. Is physical structure a positive feedback mechanism maintaining algal dominated reefs? 33'd Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 25-28 March 2004, Mobile, Alabama.

Lee W 2005. Perceived costs and benefits of bio-prospecting in Jamaica:

Results of a stakeholder survey for the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups. Jamaica Institute of Environmental Professionals. 15-17 June 2005.

Precht WF, JA Idjadi, JF Bruno, S Lee, L Requa, PJ Edmunds & RB Aronson 2004. Recovery of Acroporid corals in the Caribbean? 33m Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 25-28 March 2004, Mobile, Alabama.

Precht WF & RB Arenson 2005. Death and resurrection of Caribbean coral reefs. 34m Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting. 6-10 April, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Quinn NJ, A Bowden-Kerby, BL Kojis & M Stennett 2005. Evaluating the potential of technology and natural biological reproduction to restore coral reef biodiversity of Acropora populations. V Congress on Caribbean Biodiversity, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 25-28 January 2005.

Quinn NJ, D Gochfeld, M Slattery, MT Hamann, L Walker & BL Kojis 2004. Discovering pharmaceutically interesting natural products from the coral reefs of Jamaica. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Quinn NJ, BL Kojis & R Samuel 2004. Papua New Guinea's participation in a global assessment of human effect on coral reef, 1998 to 2000. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Quinn NJ & BL Kojis 2004. Invertebrate recruitment patterns inside and outside Discovery Bay, Jamaica. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Quinn NJ & BL Kojis 2004. Salinity variation on an off shore coral reef after a period of intense rainfall. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan. 27 June 2 July 2004.

Quinn NJ & BL Kojis 2005. Is there evidence for natural recovery of Acropora population around Discovery Bay? T" Science Faculty Conference. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 17-19 May 2005.

Quinn NJ, M Stennett & BL Kojis 2005. Evaluating the potential of natural reproduction and artificial means to increase Acropora populations. 31st Scientific Meeting Association of the Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, Curacao, 13-17 June 2005.

Quinn NJ, D Gochfeld, MT Hamman, M Slattery & L Walker 2005.

Exploring the Biodiversity of Jamaican coral reefs in the search for new pharmaceuticals. V Congress on Caribbean Biodiversity, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 25-28 January 2005.

Quinn NJ, TYee, W Gallimore, D Gochfeld, MT Hamann, M Slattery & L Walker 2005. Exploring Jamaica's marine biodiversity while searching for pharmacologically interesting natural products from Jamaican coral reefs The Jamaican International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Project. r: Science Faculty Conference. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 17-19 May 2005.

Quinn NJ 2004. Documenting Melanesian traditional aquatic knowledge and fishing practices. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium. Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 2 July 2004.

Quinn NJ 2004. Montego Bay to Ocho Rios in one hour at the cost of essential fish habitat. Paper presented at the 55th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 8-12 November 2004, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Quinn NJ 2004. The value of documenting fishing practices of local fishers. 55th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 8-12 November 2004, St. Petersburg, Florida.

Quinn NJ 2004. Using Underwater Photography as a Tool to Increase Awareness of the Coral Reef Habitat" at the r: Biennial Conference of the School of Education Celebrating Achievements in Caribbean Education: Transformation, Diversity and Collaboration. March 2004, Ocho Rios.

Sanderman 12005. Another look at coral bleaching, a role for Hydrogen Peroxide. 31st Scientific Meeting Association of the Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, Curacao, 13-17 June 2005.

Stemann T, S Donovan & RW Portell 2005. Extinct and extant reef corals coexisting on a fossil reef tract from northern Jamaica. Science Faculty Conference. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 17-19 May 2005

Stennett M, NJ Quinn, P Gayle & A Bowden-Kerby 2004. Enhancing coral habitat for the benefit of the tourist and subsistence fisheries sectors. 18th Annual Scientific Research Council Annual Meeting Nov 23-26 2004, Kingston, Jamaica.

Stennett M, NJ Quinn & A Bowden-Kerby 2005 . Coral reef restoration in Jamaica: Improving reef habitat for sustainable tourism. r: Science Faculty Conference. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 17-19 May 2005.

DBML on PubHcBroadcast System Televiaion

DBML featured as the coral reef research site in the Nati.onal Geographic TV series "Stranqe Days on Planet Earth" on April 27. Long time DBML researchers Drs WFPrechtand R Aronson were shown collecting cores of coral sediments from reefs within Discovery Bay and trying, to interpret the recent death of corals revealed in the cores at a site which had previously experienoed continuous growth of corals over thousands of years. It was suggested that the removal by fishing of top predators (e.g. large fish) from coral reefs had led to deleteriou_s envlrenrnental changes. In Jamaica, over fishing is so intense that herbivores (e.g. parrot fish) as

well as predators have been removed. In this rather simplified

explanation it was suggested that this had resulted in overgrowth of the reef by algae and the death of corals. It is regrettable that again the causes of environmental degradation are focused on the sector of society least politi.cally capable of de~ending themselves. Another equally plausible hypothesis is that drastic modffication in the coastal zone has severely degr-aded estuarine fish nurseries whi.ch have resulted in fewer fish. Even w.ilha decline in fishing effort the diminished fish stocks would be considered over fished and thus, would have resulted in a phase shift of the coral teef community.

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Camp curriculum even included the use of Global Positioning System technology demonstrated in treasure hunts. The experience would not have been complete without the "hands on" exciting wor1d of a little marine chemistry and biology. Campers participants had a chance to feel, touch and hold sea cucumber, sea anemone and many other marine organisms in our touch aquaria. Sponsorship for the camp came from the International Biodiversity Groups program, Canadian International Development Assistance Fund and several local businesses. DBMl is pleased to be able to help in a small way to inspire local youth and to provide the opportunity for them to learn about the mysteries of the sea and to make some personal discoveries.

Schools Environment Programme

Daisy Blackwood a.k.a. "Jackie Roots" concluded her work with 12 local schools. Several of her schools won prizes at regional and national competitions: Clarksonville All Age School came 2M among Junior schools in the national competition, Aabuthnott Gallimore High School won 1st place among the Seniors in the region, Granville All Age School came 2roQ among Junior schools for the region and First Hill All Age School won a category prize for "Greening"Glen Preparatory School won a category prize for "Garbage Management." We oongratulate Daisy Blackwood on her fine work and look forward to future oollaborations.

Community Presentations

, , : . ""

IBI Stephenson and Nadia-Deen Ferguson made four Environmental Awareness presentations at two schools celebrating Earth Day. A total of 159 students, and 8 teachers attended the presentation which included a slide show titled 'Introduction to Jamaica's Coral Reefs'.

IBI Stephenson and Nadia-Deen Ferguson participated in the College of Agriculture, Science and Education Career Fair. The goal of Ihis fair was to give graduating students an opportunity 10 talk to an array of representatives from institutions offering summer internships.

A presentation on Biodiversity Monitoring was given by Nadia-Deen Ferguson at the Montego Bay Marine Park. evening presentation series in August 2004.

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;:; Fisheries Improvement IProgr.am Pilot Market Survey

The Fisheries Improvement Program (FIP) has been assisting local fishers since 1988. FIP was designed to help local fishers assess the state of their resource, explore alternative remediation such as fishery management measures, monitor the effects of these measures on local

fish stocks and irnprove the· mar,keting of thei!" catch.

FIP is working with local fishers to assess the status of the offshore and deep fishery adjacent Discovery Bay' as an alternative to the present over-fished lnshoreflshery. Offshore, pelagic species such as the Kiing.fish (Scomberomorus). Tuna (Thunnus), Dolph.in (Cmyphaena) and Marilin (Makaira) or deep water species such as Red Snapper (Lutjanus) and Grouper (EpinepIJeJus) are 11101 caught is large quantities as. most of the fishing effort ls restriicted to shallow inshore waters which is not the preferred habitat of these species.

A pilot market survey was conducted to assess the demand for these species and how to best sell them. The survey interv~ewed 3 beach cook shops, 2 small restaurants. 2 hotels, and 2 grocery stores. The results indlcated that there was a ready market for aU species of fish caught by local fishers. The most reliable buyers would be the hotels and grocery stores as they had more financial resources and storage facilities to handle individual fish weighing between 10 to 70 kg.

Presently hotels and glFOce·ry stores purchase most of their fish supplies ln bulkfrom wholesale dlsfributors who import fish fmm overseas suppliers. The preferred product is scaled. cleaned, boneless and frozen fiI~ets [n contrast to the unprepared fish sold by local fishers. Occasionally hotels and grooeries bought large peJagk: fishes (Kingfish, Mar~in, Tuna) from local fishermen. Small restaurants and beach 'DO ok shops purchased these, larger species but were more IIke,ly to purchase a single serve size fish (e.g. small Snapper, Parrotfish, Jack, Goaffish). More details can be found fn "Report on Fisheries Improvement Program, limited Market Survey for Commercial Disposal of Deep Water! Off Shore fish Catch", by Peter Gayle and Michael J Sikora.

Alloa Fishermen Co-Operative Awards Presentation

Dr Norman J Quinn and Peter Gayle participated in the Alloa Fishermen Co-Operative Society Award Presentation in October. It is pleasing that so many fishers in the co-operative were recognized for their outstandlnq contributions.

lobsters are caught in wire mesh "pots" placed on sand near reefs outside Discovery Bay

Discovery Bay Marine' Laboratory is located about one hour from the Montego Bay airport. The fl.JUy fenced faciility is situated on the water at Discovery Bay and is an exceillent location for educational fielc trips, scientific research, seminars and workshops.

Accommodation

DBML has two residential buildings. The larger of these is a dormiltory block. with 10 bedrooms, each with a bathroom. The other residential building contains six apartments each containing at least one and bathroom a living/dining room, veranda and kit.chen. Accornrnodation charges can be' found on our web site at:

W!IiiW.lJwimona.edu.jm/om,s.dbml.htm

Cateriilng

Catering for breakfast, lunch and dinner is provided for groups, on request. Visitors with special diets are requested to indicate this on their Usage Appllication.

Laboratory & Research

There are' two main laboratory buildiingls. lhe larger of these is a wet laboratory with running seawa],er and 118 wet tables, and benches arranged in six bays. The water is pumped directly from Discovery Bay. The other building contaiins a series of tables ideal for working in an air conditioned environment. There are several computers available with standard office sofiware, printers, scanners, LCD projector, e-mail facilities and full internet access are also availilable. We also have a DVD player and a TV for use by visitors.

Diving

Prospective dliVem-s must possess certification from a reoognized agency, a dive medical within the past 12 months, and may be required to demonstrate their diving s!kills in a checkout diive.

•

of the Lab s Desk

There are rhythms to the life of a field research laboratory rhythms inside rhythms and rhythms on top of rhythms. Some rhythms are obvious and are associated with the changing weather and changing seasons. We give thanks that the passing of Hurricane Ivan only resulted in minor damage to the DBML dock and the roof of the self contained living quarters. DBML staff, assisted by the UWI Maintenance Department staff, were able to quickly repair the damage.

Other rhythms are no less subtle and deal with the ebb and flow of people. The year starts with a rush of visiting overseas student groups which quickly become the summer of EcoCampers and independent

Dr Norman J Quinn visiting researchers. With the young new

faces I am reminded of my first joyful experience on a coral reef and wonder who among these youth will. be future marine scientists. Who will bring new energy, new ideas and a willingness to share them?

In Agassiz's Legacy: scientists' reflections on the value offield experience (2002) the former Director of the West Indies Marine Lab in St. Croix Dr Elizabeth H Gladfelter interviewed fifty distinguished teachers I scientists from various marine disciplines. The resonating experience in the development of their careers was the importance of the early involvement in intense collaborative fieldwork and how this experience commonly stimulates innovative. inspired scientific careers. From the World War II generation to the Lean Years: The 1 9aOs a consistent pattern of career development exists. It begins with an opportunity to participate in organized field excursions, usually at an institutions field station. The field work is sometimes offshore from boats, other times in the intertidal zone. In each shared field experience something in that opportunity in the field motivated something exceptional

in each person. Along with the hands on field observations was the scientific training and structured methodology imparted by the mentors.

Not surprisingly DBML is mentioned as young Or Yossi loya shares his experience with "the guru of coral reef research" Or Tom Goreau diving to 60m. The hard working graduate students working at the time included Drs Judy lang, Jeremy Jackson, Dave Barnes, Henry Reiswieg, and Bob Kinzie. All were mentored by Tom and are renowned scientists today.

This year DBML was finally able to support a full time Environmental Awareness Officer who was able to visit many schools to talk about marine science as well as display severa! live marine animals.

EcoCamps was run for the 4th consecutive year given local youth the opportunity to experience life in the sea first hand. We fervently hope that there will be a biologically diverse, healthy, vibrant reef community along Jamaica's north coast that is easily accessible when they mature. Much of the development along the coast continues to threaten essential fish habitat, diminish valuable wetlands and estuaries and reduce public assess to the sea.

I applaud all of the visitors listed in the following pages for making the effort and sacrifice to come to DBML and in many cases bringing young. bright minds witn them. It is not easy in a time of contracting resources, but those with a true understanding the importance of the field experience to inspire future scientists persevere.

Not all young live to reach their potential. In 2005, Australian coral re·ef ecologist Dr Vickie Harriott succumbed in her struggle with cancer. She is remembered as an inspirational colleague. a good friend and enthusiastic field biologist. Coral reef ecology is diminished without her energy. insight and leadership.

When I think of the rhythms and the passing of friends. I think what will be left for future generations. This year DBML has partnered with the Associatlon of the Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean and the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries I nstitute to award two worthy young scientists fellowships to work at DBML. We look forward to them coming to DBML and working with us to push back the boundaries in the quest for knowledge.

The Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute I Discovery Bay Marine Lab Graduate Student Award 2005

In association with the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory is offering an award for a graduate student (and one assistant) in marine sciences to conduct marine field research at DBML for one month. The award includes the use of laboratory, dive and boat facilities and dormitory accommodation. Meals, air fares and incidentals are not included. Boat fuel surcharges would apply for trips away from Discovery Bay.

Applicants for the award should submit a 2 page description of their proposed work and its significance by 31 October 2005. Details of the facilities available at DBML can be found at the web site: http://www.mona.uwi.edu/cms/dbml.htm

For more information contact Dr Norman J Quinn Norman [email protected]

28 The Association of the Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean I Discovery Bay Marine Lab Graduate Student Award 2005

To assist young scientists in their field work, DBML will award a Graduate Student Fellowship to a worthy student (and assistant) to conduct field research at DBML. Martin Dorvenbosch was awarded a DBML student fellowship to study the relationship between seagrass fish populations and commercial fish populations. Mr. Dorvenbosch is a M.Sc. student supervised by Dr Ivan Nagelkerken from the Netherlands

Scientific Research Council 2004 Young Technologist I Scientist Award

Dr Mishka Stennett was awarded the 2004 Young Technologist I Scientist award at the Scientific Research Council 18th annual meeting on 25 November. Dr Stennett (Coral Restoration Project Scientific Officer) presented a paper discussing her work on the DBML coral restoration project (see above). Dr Stennett received her terminal degree from UWI in 2003 and started working at DBML in June after completing her PADI dive certification course at DBML. We are all very proud of Dr Stennett's fine achievement.

Recognition for Chemical Analytical Facility

Dr Anthony Greenaway received recognition for the most successfully commercialized research project in the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences for his work on coastal water quality carried out at the Chemical Analysis Facility at DBML.

Commercial work has included analysis of water samples for USAID/GOJ funded projects and for hotel chains (determining levels of land-based pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates and ammonia). The income supported a technician, chemicals, equipment, some overheads and the analysis of samples for research by UWI staff and students. Or Greenaway's lab has set standards in coastal water quality analysis by which other labs in Jamaica are measured. Owing to diminished income the facility closed at the end of 2004. Chemical analysis is now being done at UWI Mona.

5t. Ann's Bay Chamber of Commerce - Environment Award

Wendy lee (DBMl collaborator and Director of Northern Jamaica Conservation Association) was awarded the 2005 Environment Award by S1. Ann's Bay Chamber of Commerce at a formal ceremony at Sandals Ocho Rios. We are pleased that the many years of hard work and sacrifice that Wendy Lee has made to advance environmental awareness and conservation has been recognized by the Chamber. Wendy Lee was employed by DBMl a decade ago when she was an extension officer in the Fisheries Improvement Programme. DBML is proud of its long standing, productive association with her. The guest speaker was Professor Kenneth Hall, Pro Vice Chancellor & Principal, University of the West Indies.

Professional Service

Dr NormanJ Quinn was elected to the Board of Directors of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute at their 57'" Annual Meeting in SI. Petersburg, Florida.

Dr Norman J Quinn attended the Executive Board Meeting of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean in Curacao.

Schools Awards Presentation Ceremony

At the Scientific Research Council, the Bureau of Standards, and the Association of Science Teachers of Jamaica Awards Presentation Ceremony for the Annual Essay and Poster Competitions for Primary and

High Schools. Dr Mishka Stennett spoke and made presentations to award winners. She handed out a first place trophy to Cornwall College for their quality essays as well as to students who did well in the essay section "Saving our seas." We are proud that Dr Stennett was selected to participate in the ceremony and be an inspiration to the nation's youth.

Overseas Lecturers, Researchers and Visitors

Anderson, Sandy & John Mandelam N.E.U. School of Education Anderson, Robert, Lawrence Olson, Mr & Mrs Klockziem Wisconsin Lutheran College. Led a Tropical Marine Ecology Course. 25 undergraduate students

Bayha, Keith University of Delaware, Ctenophore biology and ecology. Biesiot, Patricia M Instructor, The University of Southern Mississippi 7 students

Bisaccio, Daniel Instructor in Northeastern University EasUWest Program

BowdenwKirby, Austin (two visits) Foundation of the Peoples of the South Pacific Coral restoration project development

Bruno, John Instructor in Northeastern University EasUWest Program Bruno, David Marine Laboratory (C.P. 160/15) Universite Libre de Brussels Research on the biology and evolutionary significance of symbioses

Dalke, Dan (two visits) + 6 students, instructor in course from North Hampton Prep College

David, Bruno Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - Research of the biology and evolutionary significance of symbioses

Carpenter, Richard Instructor in Northeastern University East/\Nest Program Cowie, Gregg, Sandy Tudhope & Bryne Ngwenya (two visits) University of Edinburgh. Led a course in Geoscience and Geology and Physical Geography. 27 + 18 students

Crabbe, James, Debbie Cronie & Julia Farr Reading University. Led three Earth-Watch Teams researching coral recruitment in massive corals influenced by large tropical storms. 24 participants

Dame, Richard & Sieve Luff (two visits) + 2 assistants, Coastal Carolina Univ. Led a Tropical Marine Ecology Course. 10 undergraduate students

Davis, Bruce Eastern Kentucky University Taught a Geographic Information course

De Ridder, Chantal Marine Laboratory (C.P. 160/15) Universite Libre de Brussels Research on the biology and evolutionary significance of symbioses

Donovan, Steve British Natural History Museum

Draud, Matthew Long Island University, Led a Coral Reef Ecology Course. 10 undergraduate students

Edmunds, Peter Instructor in Northeastern University EasUWest Program

Elahi, Robin & Christina Buck California State University Ereskovski, Alexander Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Research on sclerosponge biology

Frances, John +8 Columbus University .. Coral reef ecology

Gates, Ruth lecturer, Northeastern University EasUWest Marine Biology Program. University of Hawai'i

Genovese, Salvatore Coordinator. Northeastern University EasUWest Marine Biology Program. Led a Tropical Marine & Terrestrial Ecology Course, 12 undergraduate students

Gilbert, John J & Greg Alman (2 visits) + 2 assistants, Dartmouth College. Led a Tropical Marine Ecology Course. 15 +17 undergraduate students

Gifford, Matthew + 2 assistants

Gill, David (two visits) Barbados Trust, coral restoration project Gochfeld, Deborah (two trips), University of Mississippi, International

Biodiversity Groups Project

Goodreach, Renata (3 visits) CERMES, UWI Barbados, coral restoration project, sponge biology workshop.

Hamann, Mark T University of Mississippi, International Biodiversity

Groups Project

Hayward, Margaret Counterpart International, coral reef restoration Helmuth, Brian Instructor in Northeastern University EastlWest Program Hill, Malcolm + 1 assistant, Fairfield University

Jaecks, Glen University of California

Jarecki, Lianna H Lavity Stoutt Community College - Sponge Biology Workshop Participant

Johnson, Michele + 2 assistants

Klomp, Kristie + 3 assistants, Michigan State University. Sex change in reef fish

Kolasa, Jurek, April Haywood (4 visits) & Kristina Anderson McMasters University. Led a Tropical Marine Ecology Course. 15 undergraduate students

Kojis, Barbara L (4 visits) Division of Fish and Wildlife, US Virgin

Islands, scleractinian coral recruitment patterns Lailvaux, Simon Tulane University. Ctenophore ecology.

Leichter, James Instructor in Northeastern University EastlWest Program Mahon, Susan Caribbean Conservation Association, coral reef

restoration project

Maney, Ted Instructor in Northeastern University EastlWest Program McCormick, Scott Associates in Rural Development, coral restoration

project

Mathews, Lauren lizard biology and ecology McFarlane, Donald Claremont McKenna College

Maurrase, Professor Florida International University. Led a Tropical Marine Ecology Course. 12 undergraduate students

Neigel, Joe +1 assistant

Newman Marah & Gustavo Peredes University of California, San Diego Research of Caribbean Coral Reef Food webs

Perry, Chris, Kevin Taylor & Leanne Hepburn Manchester Metropolitan University. Pore-water chemistry and sediment diagenesis at sites containing variable levels of bauxite contamination

Precht, William F Instructor in Northeastern University EastlWest Program

Price, Steven President, Public Interest Intellectual Property Advisors (PIIPA), National Museum of Natural History, Intellectual Property Rights. Presented a public seminar on bioprospecting and intellectual property rights.

Protell, Roger Florida Museum of Natural History

Rosenthal, Gil & Elizabeth Neeley Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology.

Visual communication in coral reef fishes.

Sandeman, Ian (3 trips) Trent University. Coral bleaching mechanisms.

Slattery, Marc (two trips) University of Mississippi, International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Project. Chemical ecology. Dr. Slattery also worked with DBML ICBG staff to obtain prior informed consenl for the ICBG project.

Schnitzler, Hans Ulrich & Annette Denzinger Zoological Institute, University of TLibingen - Research of the echolocation behavior of Jamaican Bats

Steele, Mark Instructor in Northeastern University EastlWest Program

Talbot, James Associates in Rural Development, coral restoration project

Thurman, Carl Dept. of Biology, University of Northern Iowa Osmoregulation of fiddler crabs.

Walker, Larry University of Mississippi, International Biodiversity Groups Project

Waltho, Neigel (two visits) McMasters University. Patterns in coral reel fish populations.

Willenz, Philippe Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Biology of sclerosponges.

Zamzow, Jill Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology. Visual communication in coral reef fishes

Local Users

Allsworth-Jones, Philip UWI, History and Archeology + 17 students Barker, David UWI, Geography Department

Blackwook, Daisy School Environmental Programme

Breese, Brian Jamaica Cricket Association + 18 cricketers

Buddo, Dayne Institute of Jamaica, + 19 marine biology course

participants

Daley, Louis Coastal Water Improvement Programme 2, Coral

Restoration Project

Daniel, Loraine Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps Davidson, Denise Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps Donaldson, Andrea National Environmental Planning Agency, Sponge

Workshop participant

Edwards, Tracey Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps Ferguson, Nadia-Deen Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Project

uaYle, ... eter tnscovery nay iviarme i.aooratory, l.."aruJuean I.."UaSli::ll Marine Productivity & FIP Offshore Fishing Research Gallimore, Winklet Chemistry Department, Sponge Biology Workshop Goldson, Kimberly Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps

counselor

Gordon, Lisa Natural History Society of Jamaica + 15 participants Greenaway, Anthony & Tyrone Rose UWI, Chemistry Department Kepla, OK

Lambert, Raul Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps, counselor Lanigan, Alex (three visits) Friends of the Sea, GIS workshop, Coral

Restoration Workshop, Sponge Workshop participant

Lee, Wendy Northern Jamaica Conservation Association, International Biodiversity Groups Project and community environmental education program for youth

McCormick, Scott Coastal Water Improvement Programme 2, Coral Restoration Project

Maines, Susan +4 colleagues, UWI, Education Department Martin, Deshaun Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps

counselor

Nelson, Lilieth UWI, Department of Education Pessoa, Nardia CWIP2 coral restoration project Quinn, Norman J Discovery Bay Marine laboratory

Riggon, Tavia Chemistry Student, University of the West Indies Sponge

Biology Workshop participant

Robinson, Ralph Professor life Sciences, University of the West Indies Smith, Annife Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Eco-Camps counselor Smith, Jenise University of the West Indies Sponge Biology

Workshop Participant

Stemman, Thomas UWI, Geography Department

Stennett, Mishka Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Coral Reef Restoration Project

Stephenson, Jennifer (IBI) Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, International Biodiversity Groups Project

Warner, George F UWI, Centre for Marine Sciences Black Corals from

reef wall communities

Webber, Dale UWI, Life Sciences Department Webber, Mona UWI, Life Sciences Department Wilson, Bryon UWI, Life Sciences Department

Woodley, Jeremy UWI Centre for Marine Sciences - Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity & Long Term Coral Surveys

Yee, Trevor Director, Natural Products Institute, International Biodiversity Groups Project

Young, Ronald Dean, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences.

International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Project

UYYI Uli:lUUi:n.~ ~LUU~ln;:,

Campbell, Kayan MPhil. Chemistry Department, Assessing nutrient and micro-organism levels in the Great River Watershed St. James. Supervised by Dr Anthony Greenaway

D'Andrea, Michela Life Sciences Department

Gayle, Peter MPhil. Life Sciences Department, Comparing the ecology of the deep and shallow fore reef terraces at Discovery Bay. The community structure of the West Fore Reef at 8 m (CARICOMP site) is compared and contrasted with the community at 40m. Peter Gayle passed his MPhil qualifying exams in December 2004 after four years. Supervised by Dr Mona Webber

Malcolm, Loy life Sciences Department, was awarded her MPhil. for her work done at DBML on Tilipia growth in cages in a marine environment. As Jamaica's marine fisheries continue to decline, and freshwater resources continue to become limiting and expensive, Tilapia mariculture seems to be an alternative. The research involved acclimation and grow out in seawater of red hybrid tilapia fingerlings. The overall objective was to improve and refine the handling and treatment procedures used in the marine cage culture of tilapia as well as to evaluate and compare the economical costs of such a project. Grow-out was done in both cages and tank. Fish grew from 40g to 272g in tanks over 9 weeks and for that same period in cages grew from 40g to 178g. At the end an economic analysis was done, examining figures directly associated with the project as well as a number of hypothetical scenarios. The analysis of the figures compared the economic feasibility of tank and cage culture, in terms of set up and operational costs. Cage culture proved to be only 23% the cost of tank culture.

Martin, Deshaun MPhil. Center for Marine Science, Reef Sponge Ecology and Regenerative Capacity, Supervised by Dr Norman J Quinn

Persad, Gale Ph.D. Life Science Department, Variation in Discovery Bay plankton communities. Supervisor: Dr Mona Webber

Phillips, Andrene MPhil. Variation in reef community structure under different nutrient influcences. Center for Marine Science, Supervised by Dr George Warner and Anthony Greenaway Ramsey, Debbie-Ann PhD. Chemistry Department, Groundwater nutrient fluxes and sources to selected areas on the north coast of Jamaica. Supervised by Dr Anthony Greenaway

Stephenson, Robert MPhi!. Ufe Soiences Department. Interaction between two sea urchins, Diadema antilfarum and Trlpneusies ventricosus. Supe.rvised by Drs Dale & Mona Webber. D. antil/arum appears to prefer to feed in areas where -the algae have already been cropped 'by other species, The fnvasion of the shallow fore reef terrace along the north Jamaica shore by the . large white, short-spined urchin. T. ve.ntncosus, has facilitated the subsequent expansion of Diadema populations into these areas.

Whittaker, Wayne MPhiL Center for Marine Sciences. Coral reef distrfbut!on inside ~isoovery Bay. Supervisor Or George F Warner Williams. Shen-Ann MPh!!. Chemistry Department chemical assays of Cilonia spp. sponges. Supervised by Dr Helen Jacobs

Overseas Graduate Students

Laurie Allen-Requa Ph .. D. candidate, California State University, Northridge. Supervisor: Dr Peter Edmunds. The Aceiimatlon of Juvenile Corals to Fluctuating Micro-environment Conditions. With the current phase shift on coral reefs. changing from coral dominated to macroalgae dominated reefs, corals are exposed to more frequent contact with rnacroalgae which can create a canopy under which flow is reduced, light fluctuates and sediments can build up. Adult corals vary tn their ability to survive contact with algae but little is known about thts factor with respect to juvenile corals. This study looks at how juvenile. corals are affected by oneaspeot of the changed environment light. due to the increased presence of macroalgae. On shallow reefs on Jamaica and St John. approximately 20% of juvenile corals (i.e. colonies <4cm diameter) are shaded by macroalgae, which cover 15-30% of the substratum. Shaded corals are exposed to light regimes differing from unshaded reef communities in quantity and short-term fluctuations scaling from seconds to minutes. To investigate how these differences affect coral physiology dark-respiration and growth were quantified. The two corals investigated, Sidera$terea siderea and Porites spp. showed statistically different rates of dark-respiration between reteatments. Corals in the maximal shaded microhabitasts where >!:)O% of the coral surface area was shated by macroalgae, showed depressed respiration rates when compared with the unshaded microhabitat. However, growth rates ·of the juvenile corals were nat significantly different

between treatments. Overall, corals that were unshaded grew more than corals in the maximal shaded treatment However, Porites spp., from the minimal. shaded treatment -10% of the coral surface area was shaded by macroatgae, showed higher growth than the unshaded tresatment and S. siderea in the. minimal Shaded treatment actually grew less than corals in the maximal shaded treatment. These results suggest that macrolagae do neg'ativel.y influence coral physi.ology (I.e. reduced respiration and growth in shaded corals), but that the effects are not acute and de not lead to immediate coral death.

.Robin Elahi. Ph.D. California State University, Northridge.

Supervisor: Dr Peter Edmunds The effects of age and size on the physiology of scleractinian corals. It is thought that juvenile corals grow rapidly because they are under high selective pressure to escape the mortality risks associated with small size. Although many studies invoke size to explain rapid calcification in juvenile corals, most have overlooked age as an alternative hypothesis, R Elahi used a series of factorial experiments to investigate the role of age in affecting the phenotypic expression of calcification in corals. They determined the extent to which: 1) calcification is

altered by age, and 2) corals of Robin EJahi

different ages exploit plasticity to

mediate calcification in novel environments. To experimentally isolate age and sizeeffects, branches of the coral Madracis mirabilis were broken into a distal portion that was functionally young" and a basal portion that was functionally old. Fragments were transplanted from a deep (17m) to a shal'low (8m) site in Discovery Bay. After 98 days, the results showed that calcification scaled isometrically in both age groups, and although scaling exponents were statistically indistinguishable among ages, young

.' f . .

effect of age was absolute and independent of size. These results sug.gest that the young age (rather than small size) of juvenile corals influences their rapid calcification. The effect of depth on calcification was significant, but the age x depth interaction was not. Young and old coral expressed a similar

calcification response to the new depth, thus the effect of age was absolute and in-dependent of a second factor, name'ly treatment envi:ronment. R Elahi hypothesized that. tissue biomass of young corals drives the significanteffect of age, two prel'iminaryexperiments with M. mirebilis oomparing age effects

among. season support this interpretation. ..

April Hayward Ph.D. candidate, McMaster University, Supervisor:

Dr Jurek Kolasa. A Hayward is exploring the nature of biolog.ical organization through the examination of allometric scaling relations at the community and ecosystem levels of organization. Allometric scaJing relations, where some attribute (e.g. metabolic rate) of some biologicaJenti:ty (e.g. organisms) change predict.ably according to its size (usually mass), are pervasive in nature and have been documented at a variety of levels of biologicalorgan.ization. Allometric relations haveattraGted a great deal of attention because such regularity in pattern (scaling exponents are generally multiples of %) indicates the existence of fundamental rules governing biological organization. Examination of allometric patterns has largely been limited to organism-related phenomena; relations documented at higher levels of biological organization (e.g. populations, communities) either have been derived from or can be attributed to mechanisms operating at the organism level. Using small, natural pond ecosystems along the ooast near DBML, I have

Or Greg Cowie's students from University of Edinburgh inspect up/and sources of sediment ronoff into Discovery Bay

shown that whole ecosystem respiration rate (mgO;L x h) scales as a function of ecosystem size (L) to the power of -%. This allometric pattern for "ecosystem metabolism" is analogous to, but occurs independently from, the metabolism-size allometry found for organisms (organism metabolic rate scales a function of mass to the power of·%:). More recently, I have found that organism density scales as a function of ecosystem size to the power of 0/4. This ecosystem-level pattern for density also parallels organism-level patterns. Ms Hayward is now in the process of exploring other ecosystem-level allometric phenomena in the pond systems.

Theexistence of the patterns she found suggests that all biological systems may be subject to similar rules and thus point towards fundamental ecological and evolutionary principles that govern all levels of biological organization independently. Thus, in addition to furthering our understanding of the nature of biological organization (both structural. and functional), her work provides insight into how biological systems may have evolved into existence from the pre-biotic soup.

Geoffrey Horst Ph.D. California State University, Northridge .. Supervisor:

Dr Pet.er Edmunds. The effects of temperature and pCO. on growth rates of Madracis mir:abifis. Coral skeleton growth influences reef communities by providing much of the primary framework and microhabitat to support. a high diversity of other plants and animals within these ecosystems. These roles will likely be modified by climate-change related increases in temperature and pC02• While increasing atmospheric pCO. can reduce the saturation state of aragonite and reduce coral growth, predicted sea surfaoe warming may stimulate growth, at least up to a threshold temper.ature. This study will test the hypothesis that warming sea temperatures will mitigate some of the negative effects of rising. pCO~ on coral growth, using Madracis mirabilis as a model system. The test is for an interaction between temperature and pC02 for the incubation of coral nubbins at two levels of peo., representing present-day and year 2100 conditions, and three temperatures representing ambient reef temperature and +/- 2° C. Growth is measured as a change in skeletal weight As part of a larg.ergoal to understand the effects of climate change, this study will quantify the relative effects of two major abiotic factors on coralg.rowth and provide the framework to develop a model to predict coral growth in response to chang.ing climate conditions.

Joshua Idjadj Ph.D. candidate, University of Delaware. Supervisor:

Dr Ronald H Karlson. Ceral reef ecolGQY. Species coexistence in intraspeciflcally aggregated communities limited by patchy resources. Species coexistence generally increases when oommunity members are intra-specifically aggregated. Aggregation is a phenomenon that increases the density of individuals around a given resource while decreasing density around others. This creates space for the entry of other potential settlers to the benthic community. In reefs, suitable hard substratum can be a patchy and limited resource and some corals (branching and plating forms) are known. to be better competitors than others. This research seeks to test the hypothesis that dense aggregations of superior spatial competitors on suitable substrata may provide space for the coexistence of inferior competitors and also reduce the frequency of interspecific competition among corals,

Sarah Lee Ph.O. candidate, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Supervisor: Dr John Burna. The relationship between macroalgal diversity and primary productivity. Little is known about the effect of diversity versus monoculture for marine systems. This is in contrast to terrestrial environments where the results are equivocal. The factors contrOlling productivity are debated but to date have not considered diversity effect.s. This research seeks to identifY the effeets of diversity on changing algal biomass in the backreef envtronment and on oxygen production (as a prexy for primary production). To (jate, no diversity effects have been identified ..

Maya Newman Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California.

Supervisor: Dr Jeremey Jackson.

Earthwatch at DBML

For the last 4 years Professor James Crabbe of Reading University in the UK has been bringingamafeur divers to OBML as part of "Earthwatch" a non-profit organization which involves people from all walks of life in scientific field research around the World. One of the volunteers has written up his experieneesin Dive, vol 6 no 8, the magazii'l.e of the British Sub-Aqua Club. VolunteerS pay for the opportunity to visit Jamaica and work at DBML on important coral reef research

School Groups VIsiting DBML

Brown's Town Community CoUege

CQllege of Agriculture and Science Education Caribbean Christian Centre for the Deaf Caribbean School of Architecture

Dennis Tobun High Prep School

Fellowship Primary & Junior High

Harrison Memorial High School

Hillel Academy

lana High School

Knox Community College

Louis Lawrence High School Ma.ywPen High School

Moneague Teachers College Northern Caribbean UniversIty Nurse Practitioners

Port Antonio High School Shar-Mar Preparatory School UTECH

Western Nurse Practitioners William Knibb High School Willowdene High School

Prof James Cra.bbe outlines his researdh program to a visiting school group

Schools Visited by DBML Staff - over 560 students and teachers

A presentation was given at each school and in many cases students were shown live animals and coral skeletons.

Drs Norman J QUinn & Mishka Stennett 2005. Evaluating the potential for coral restoration along the north coast of Jamaica. Sandals Dunnes River Falls, 4tn Feb 2005.

Drs Mlsfjka stennett & Norman J Quinn 2005. The potential for coral restoration offRunnaway Bay. Beaches Runnaway Bay, Jamaica. Slh February 2005.

Bamboo All Age School Hoolebury All Age

Marcus Garvey Tech. High Beecher Town All Age AubuhtnottGallimore High lana High School

Dcho Rios High School Armadala Approved Sch. Harding Hall Prep Femoourt High School

Community Presentations

Bamboo Runnaway Bay St. Ann's Bay Beecher Town Alexandria

st. Mary

Dcha Rias Alexandria Green Island Claremont

Former DBML Director Dr Jeremy Woodley is ass '$led in putting on his dive equipment by Anthony Downes

Dr Tony Greenaway With UniverSity of Edinburgh students collecting water samples for analysis

Dr Bryne Ngwenya ptocesses his samples In the Chemical Analysis facifity

University of Edinburgh students lead by Dr Greg Cowie prepare for a snorlceling exercise

UCLA Professor emeritus George Bartholomew stated UA logically derivable eonctuslon is just a logically derivable conclusion. nothIng more. LOgic and reasoning alone, and all the rules developed for them, cannot stand as science without empirical testing or the establishment of detailed consonance with a body of systematically organized observations." American Zoologist 22 : 229.

Academic I Research Head of Lab

Scientific Officer (Coral Restoration) Principal Scientific Officer

Scientific Officer (ICBG)

Project Coordinator (ICBG) Stakeholder Liaison (ICBG)

Administration Administrative Supervisor

Temporary Admin Supervisor Bookkeeper

Reoeptionist

Head Port.er

Laboratory

Dive Officer

Chemistry Technician Environmental Awareness Officer Junior Scientific Officer

Interns

Groundsmen Groundsman

Maintenance Maintenance Engineer Artisans

Security Security Officers

Dr Norman J Quinn

Dr Mishka Stennett

Peter Gayle, B.Sc. Nadia..[)een Ferguson, M.Phii. I BI Stephenson

Wendy Lee, M.Sc.

SamanlJla Cowan, M. Phil. Pamela Housen SA Roxan Callen

Dawn Ashman

Carla Johnson, Nardla Edwards

Carlton Wellington

Anthony Downes Tyrone Rose Tracey Edwards Deshaun Martin

Loraine Daniels, Raul Lambert, Denise Dennison

Leslie Whitby (retired 14 Feb 2005), Howard "Feltie" Earle

Roger Hoeggren

Evan Brown (retired 12 Jan 2004), Martin "Dalton" Smiley, David Clarke

Glenroy Coke, Sydney Mathis. Martin Skervin, W Reid, M Black, V Milling, J Thomson, S Gooden, P Walters, K Steen, A McFarlane, H Nelson

Domestic Domestic Supervisor Cooks

Chambermaids

Lorna "Precious" Brown Meleta Francis, Ethel Smylie, Hope Riley

Beverly" Ca.mpbel.I, Frances Jackson

Staff Retirement

In December, the Heart Academy at Runaway Bay was the venue for the DBML Christmas Party, and also the occasion for the retirement party of Leslie Whitby, Groundsman for 35 years. Evan Brown retired in January 2004 after fifteen years at DBML. His retirement opened opportunities for young blood to be welcomed in to the DBML community.

Promotions

Anthony Downes was promoted to Dive Officer in January 2004.

New Equipment

DBML purchased a digital microscope. The microscope allows vis,iIDi;;jRlIlI images under a microscope and process them using digital image n ........... '!:fc>.ii\" software.

Young Leslie Whitby pictured in the early 19705