6.2 - Concept of Balanced Diet
6.2 - Concept of Balanced Diet
6.2 - Concept of Balanced Diet
DIET
Balanced diet : contains the correct
proportions of all the different food
requirements (7 classes of food) of the
body
Should supply enough energy for each
day’s activity (60% carbohydrates, 20%
fats & 20% protein)
Food requirements in a balanced diet
1. Carbohydrates & lipids to provide energy for all
activities in the body
2. Proteins to build new tissues for growth & repair
damaged or dead tissues
3. Vitamins to prevent diseases & for normal
healthy development
4. Mineral salts which are essential for normal
healthy & development
5. Fibres as roughage to stimulate peristalsis &
prevent constipation
6. Water which is needed as the medium for all
chemical reactions in the cells. It helps to
transport substances, to distribute & regulate
body heat
DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENT
Energy required to carry out all living processes (the
heart beating, breathing, growing, excreting & maintaining
body temperature
Children Teenagers
Have slower growth rate Between the ages 12-19
compared to babies Grow very fast
Need more protein for growth, For girls, puberty begins at 12
should be more than their body years rapid growth. For boys,
mass (eg.: 1.2 g per kg for 8 begins at 14 years rapid growth
year-old child) Need a lot of protein to build new
Need more carbohydrates & fats protoplasm as well as calcium &
to supply energy because very phosphorus
active Very active, need more energy
Vitamins especially vitamin D need more carbohydrates
Minerals (iodine) to produce Female teenagers need food rich
thyroxine hormone – for in iron (18 mg a day) compared to
male (10 mg a day). They lose
physical & mental development blood during menstruation each
More calcium & phosphorus month, needed to form
haemoglobin in erythrocytes & to
prevent anaemia
APPROPRIATE DIET MENU FOR TARGET GROUP
Athletes People with specific
Include more diseases
carbohydrates to supply Such as osteoporosis
enough energy to carry need more calcium &
out the vigorous activities phosphorus, vitamin D
in sports
More protein to build new
tissues to replace tissues
that are dead or damaged
Calcium, sodium &
potassium are also
needed to strengthen the
bones & to prevent
muscular cramps
APPROPRIATE DIET MENU FOR TARGET GROUP
Age related Vegetarians
55 years & above undergo
the process of aging & slow Has to consist of all types
growth of food nutrient that are
Lose their appetite, less active obtained from only plants
Their diet should be rich in
protein, vitamins & minerals to
maintain good health & to repair
tissues
Have weaker & more brittles
bones, need more calcium &
phosphorus
Less active, need less
carbohydrates & fats
Avoid food contains a lot of fats,
sugar & salt heart diseases,
diabetes mellitus & high blood
pressure
Lot of vegetables & fresh fruits
to replenish water in their body