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Candidate
No. 6 1 3 1 0 1
Paper Reference(s)

6131/01 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology (Salters-Nuffield)
Advanced Subsidiary Question Leave
Number Blank
Unit Test 1
1
Monday 4 June 2007 – Morning 2
Time: 1 hour 15 minutes 3
4
5
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Ruler Nil
6
7

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL SEVEN questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 60.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking into account your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
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Printer’s Log. No.

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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. Sunil has angina and has been recommended to control his diet to reduce his chance of a
heart attack.

(a) Explain how atherosclerosis could cause the chest pain associated with an attack of
angina.

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(3)

The table below shows some of the relevant dietary information for assessing the
content of three alternative breakfasts that Sunil normally eats.

Energy Carbohy- Saturated Unsaturated Cholesterol

Meal Food
/kJ drate/g fatty acids/g fatty acids/g /mg
2 slices
of whole-
580 26 0.5 1.5 0
wheat
toast
A margarine 180 0.1 1 3.8 0
baked
1113 52 0.25 0.5 0
beans
Total 78.1 1.75 5.8 0

2 slices
of white 662 29 0.3 1.7 0
toast

B margarine 180 0.1 1 3.8 0

2 fried
772 0.8 4 8 210
eggs
Total 29.9 5.3 13.5 210

2 slices
of white 662 29 0.3 1.7 0
toast
margarine 180 0.1 1 3.8 0
C
2 slices of
cheddar 948 0.8 6 5.8 58
cheese
Total 29.9 7.3 11.3 58

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(b) (i) Complete the table by calculating the total energy of each meal.
(1)

(ii) Give the letter of the meal that contains the highest energy content.

Meal with highest energy content ...................

(1)

(iii) Suggest which meal you would recommend to Sunil if he wishes to reduce his
risk of coronary heart disease. Explain the reasons for your choice.

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(3) Q1

(Total 8 marks)

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2. (a) The figure below shows a simplified diagram of the heart.

(i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the direction of blood flow through both
sides of the heart during diastole.
(1)

(ii) Name the part of the heart responsible for the initiation of the cardiac cycle.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b) Abigail reports to her doctor that she is suffering from breathlessness and a lack of
energy. Her doctor listens to her chest with a stethoscope and hears a characteristic
swirling sound linked to a problem with one of her atrioventricular valves.

(i) Suggest how an atrioventricular valve that does not shut properly could lead to
Abigail’s symptoms.

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................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Name one further diagnostic test that could be used to check Abigail’s heart.

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(1) Q2

(Total 5 marks)

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3. Achondroplasia is an inherited form of restricted growth in humans caused by a dominant
allele. Individuals homozygous for the allele for achondroplasia are rarely born alive.

(a) Selecting suitable letters to represent the alleles, draw a genetic diagram to calculate
the probability of a child inheriting achondroplasia if the mother is heterozygous for
achondroplasia and the father has normal growth.

(3)

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(b) Two people who both have achondroplasia would like to have children together, but
they are concerned about the risk of their child inheriting two achondroplasia alleles
and dying before birth.

(i) Name one method that could be used to obtain material suitable for use in a
prenatal genetic screening program.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Outline the steps involved in testing any cells for the presence of a particular
allele.

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(5) Q3

(Total 9 marks)

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4. (a) The diagram below shows a model of the cell membrane and various molecules being
transported through the membrane into the cell.

R P Q
Y

(i) Name the structures labelled X, Y and Z.

X ........................................

Y ........................................

Z .........................................
(3)

(ii) Name the transport process across the membrane shown by the different
molecules and their arrows P, Q and R.

P .........................................

Q ........................................

R ........................................
(3)

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(b) Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in a gene coding for a membrane protein.
Explain why people suffering from cystic fibrosis find it difficult to digest their
food.

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(4) Q4

(Total 10 marks)

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5. (a) The diagram below shows the structure of a triglyceride.

O
CH2O C
O
Bond A CHO C
O
CH2O C

triglyceride
(i) Name Bond A on the diagram.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name the type of reaction that will break down the triglyceride into its constituent
parts during digestion by lipase enzymes.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Name two products formed when triglycerides are completely digested.

1 .............................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)
(iv) Some triglycerides have several double bonds (C=C), others have none.
Describe one way in which the physical property of triglycerides which include
several double bonds will differ from triglycerides which have no double bonds.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Lipids in membranes have an additional chemical group attached.
(i) Name the chemical group which is added to the lipids in membranes.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Explain how adding this extra chemical group allows the formation of a cell
membrane.

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(2) Q5

(Total 8 marks)

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6. (a) The diagram below shows a nucleotide with a nitrogenous base found in RNA but not
DNA.

E OH

O P OH

O
H H
H 2C
O C C

C C N C O
H H
H H
C C C N
F
OH OH O H

(i) Name the molecules labelled E, F and G.

E .........................................

F .........................................

G ........................................
(3)

(ii) Name the part of the cell where RNA nucleotides are combined to form strands
of messenger RNA (mRNA).

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b) The table below shows which amino acids are coded for by different codons on
mRNA.

First position Second position Third position

U C A G
phe ser tyr cys U
phe ser tyr cys C
U
leu ser Stop Stop A
leu ser Stop trp G
leu pro his arg U
leu pro his arg C
C
leu pro gln arg A
leu pro gln arg G
ile thr asn ser U
ile thr asn ser C
A
ile thr lys arg A
met thr lys arg G
val ala asp gly U
val ala asp gly C
G
val ala glu gly A
val ala glu gly G

(i) The letters below represent a section of mRNA coding for the enzyme RNA
polymerase. Using the table, give the amino acid sequence coded for by this
mRNA sequence.

UACGUGGAAAGA

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Name the process that converts the mRNA sequence into a sequence of amino
acids.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(iii) In one body cell, a mutation occurs that changes the third base, cytosine, into
guanine in this sequence of mRNA. Describe and suggest the potential effect this
mutation could have on the protein (RNA polymerase) produced.

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(5) Q6

(Total 12 marks)

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7. The diagram below illustrates part of a glycogen molecule.

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

C O H H C O H H C O H H C O H H C O H H C O
H H
H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C C C C
OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H
HO O O O O O OH
C C C C C C C C C C C C

H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH

(a) State the role of glycogen in the human body.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) An enzyme is used to break the bonds holding the monomers (glucose molecules)
together.

(i) In the space below draw one of the monomers that would result from this
reaction.

(2)

(ii) Explain why this enzyme will not break the bonds in a protein molecule.

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(3)

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(c) Explain the advantages, to living organisms, of using enzymes in biological
reactions.

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(2) Q7

(Total 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

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