my;FHMd; tphpTiu

kWikapd; mtrpak;

''<khd; nfhz;L ey;yky;fs; nra;gtHfisg; Nghy; jPik nra;gtHfisAk; ehk; Mf;fp tpLNthk;
vd;Wk; jhk; capUld; ,Ug;gJk; kuzkiltJk; rkkhdNj vd;Wk; ,e;jj; jPik nra;NthH
vz;ZfpwhHfsh? thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; my;yh`; rj;jpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gilj;Js;shd;.
xt;NthH Mj;khTk;> mJ Njbf; nfhz;ljw;Fj; jf;f $ypia mepahak; nra;ag;glhky; - ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;FNk (,t;thW rj;jpaj;jpdbg;gilahfg; gilj;jhd;)"". (my;[hjpah – 21-22)
,e;j my;FHMd; trdj;jpy; ,Wjpehs; Vd; mtrpag;gLfpwJ vd;gjw;Fj; njspthd gjpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
cyfj;ij ehk; vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy; mq;F ey;y kdpjHfs; jkf;fhd ntfkjpiag; ngwhkNyNa ,we;J
tpLtijg; ghHf;fpNwhk;. mepahaf;fhuHfs; jz;bf;fg;glhkNyNa epk;kjpahf capH tpLtijAk;
fhZfpNwhk;. mjhtJ ,t;Tyfpy; mtutUf;fhd chpa $yp fpilf;fhkNyNa kdpjHfs; ,wf;fpwhHfs;.
cyfpNyNa nfsutkhd gilg;ghfpa kdpjdJ tho;T ,g;gbahf Kbtiltjhapd; G+r;rp GOf;fsJ
tho;Tf;Fk; mtdJ tho;Tf;Fk; tpj;jpahrKkpy;yhkYk; mHj;jkpy;yhkYk; Ngha; tpLk;.
vdNt> ,e;j tho;it mHj;jKs;sjhf khw;Wtjw;F nray;fSf;fhd epahakhd $yp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; kWikia me;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf Vw;gLj;jpapUg;gjhfTk; ,e;j trdk; $WfpwJ.
mt;thwhd xUehis my;yh`; Vw;gLj;j khl;lhd;> Vw;gLj;JtJ rhj;jpakpy;iy vd Fiw\pf;
fhgpHfs; $WthHfshapd; mtHfsJ fUj;J mePjahdJ vd;Wk;> kWikia Vw;gLj;Jk; ,iwtNd
rhpahd epahathjp vd;Wk; ,t;trdk; czHj;Jfpd;wJ.
 
kdpj tho;T tpisahl;ly;y!
,Nj trdj;jpy; my;yh`; thdq;fs; G+kpia jhd; rj;jpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> mHj;jKs;sjhf>
Nehf;fKs;sjhfg; gilj;jpUg;gJ kdpj tho;itAk; mHj;jKs;sjhf khw;Wtjw;Nf vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. mjhtJ kdpjd; kuzpg;gJld; mtdJ tho;T Kw;Wg; ngw;W tpLkhapd;
thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUg;gJ tPZf;F vd;whfp tpLk; vd;gJ ,jd; fUj;jhFk;.
,Nj fUj;ijNa gpd;tUk; trdq;fSk; czH;j;Jfpd;wd : ''thdq;fisAk;> G+kpiaAk;
mtw;wpilNaAs;stw;iwAk; ehk; tpisahl;Lf;fhfg; gilf;ftpy;iy. mit ,uz;ilAk; ehk; rj;jpaj;ijf;
nfhz;L khj;jpuNk gilj;Njhk;. vdpDk; mtHfspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,jid mwpa khl;lhHfs;.
epr;rakhf epahaj; jPHg;G ehs; jhd; mtHfs; ahtUf;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;l jtizahFk;"". (mj;Jfhd; :
38-40)
''thdj;ijAk; G+kpiaAk; mtw;wpw;fpilNaAs;stw;iwAk; ehk; tPZf;Fg; gilf;ftpy;iy. ,J
,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfsJ vz;zkhFk;... my;yJ <khd; nfhz;L (]hyp`hd) ey;yky;fs; nra;Nthiug;
G+kpapy; Fog;gk; nra;Nthiug; Nghd;W ehk; Mf;fptpLNthkh? my;yJ gagf;jpAilNahiug;
ghtpfisg; Nghy; ehk; Mf;fptpLNthkh?"". (]hj; : 27-28)
tho;f;ifia tpisahl;lhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs; jhd; ey;ytHfsJ KbTk; jPatHfsJ
KbTk; xd;whf mikAk; vd;W epidj;jhHfs;. tho;f;if vd;gJ tpishal;ly;y. ,uhl;rjg; gpugQ;rk;
$l Nehf;fj;NjhL mikf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy; mjp cj;jkkhd kdpj tho;T mHj;jkpd;wp Kbtilayhkh?
vd;gJ my;yh`; vOg;Gk; Nfs;tpahFk;.
vyfk; Nrhjidf; fskhFk;. kdpjHfis Mrhghrq;fSld; gilj;jpUg;gJ mtdJ Vw;ghlhFk;.
Nrhjidfspd; KbTfis mtd; ,q;F ntspg;gLj;jhky; KbTfSf;nfd;W NtW xU gpuj;jpNafkhd
tho;it (cyif) cz;L gz;zpapUf;fpd;whd;. vdNt me;j cyif epuhfhpj;J tpl;L FWfpa fhy cyf
tho;Tf;Fs; khj;jpuk; rpe;jpg;gtd; NjHT KbTfisg; gw;wpf; ftiyg;glhky;> mjd; kPjhd
vjpHghHg;gpy;yhky; ghPl;ir vOJk; khztDf;F xg;ghfpd;whd;.
 
rkepiyahd gpugQ;rk; rkepiyaw;w kdpj tho;T?
G+kpapd; fl;likg;gpYk; ,af;fj;jpYk; xOq;Fk;> EZf;fKk; Ngzg;gLfpwJ. mq;F vt;tpjf;
FsWgbfSk; epfOtjpy;iy. ngsjpf tpjpfspy; ,k;kpasTk; gprFjy; ,y;iy. ,J ,iwtdpd; epajpahFk;.
''mHu`;khdpd; gilg;gpy; Fiwia ePH fhz khl;BH. gpd;Dk; (xUKiw) ghHitia kPl;bg;ghH.
VjhtJ Nfhshiw fhz;fpwhah? gpd;dH kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; ghH. cd; ghHitia fise;J kOq;fpr;
rpWikaile;J cd;dplk; jpUk;Gk;"" vd;W ]_uJy; Ky;fpd; %d;whk; ehd;fhk; trdq;fs;
$Wfpd;wd.
vdNt> gpugQ;rk; vt;tpj FsWgbfSk; FiwghLfSkpd;wp rPuhf ,aq;FfpwJ. Mdhy;> kdpj
tho;Nth gpurpidfs;> G+ry;fs;> mePjpfs;> rz;ilfs;> Nkhjy;fs; epiwe;jjhf cs;sJ. mq;F kpfg;
nghpa NtWghLfisr; fhz KbfpwJ. MfNt jhd; ]_uj;Jy; Ky;fpd; ,t;tpuz;L trdq;fSf;F
Kd;dhYs;s 2k; trdk; ''cq;fspy; vtH nray;fspy; kpfTk; mofhdtH vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhfNt
mtd; (my;yh`;) kuzj;ijAk;> tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;"" vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
gpugQ;rk; FsWgbfs; ,d;wp ,aq;Fk; NghJ kdpj tho;T rQ;ryq;fs;> Nghl;lh Nghl;bfsJ fskhf
mike;jhy; mJ khngUk; Kuz;ghlhFk;. ,e;j Kuz;ghl;il ePf;Ftjw;fhfNt epue;jukhd> gpur;idfs;
mw;w> ahtUf;Fk; ePjp fpilg;gij E}W tPjk; epr;rag;gLj;j KbAkhd XH cyif my;yh`;
Vw;gLj;Jfpwhd;. cyifr; Nrhjidf; $lhkhf Mf;fpaUg;gjhy; kWikapd; mtrpaKk; ,Ue;J
tUfpwJ.
 
J\;lHfs; epk;kjpapy;> ed;kf;fs; rQ;ryj;jpy;?!
my;yh`; md;Gk; ,uf;fKKs;std;. mtd; ePjp> ghpG+uzj;Jtk;> Qhdk; Mfpa gz;GfisAk;
cilatd;. ePjpthdhd mtd; vtUf;Fk; ,k;kpasTk; mePjpapiof;f khl;lhd;. xt;nthUtiuAk; mtUf;Nf
chpa ,lj;jpy; itf;Fk; '`fPk;" Mfpa mtd; ey;NyhiuAk; jPNahiuAk; rkkhff; fUj khl;lhd;. mJ
ngUk; mePjpahFk;.
cyfpy; tuyhW neLfpYk; rj;jpaKk;> mrj;jpaKk; Nkhjp te;jpUf;fpd;wd. cz;ik Xq;f
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf rj;jpathjpfs; Fuy; nfhLj;jdH. Mdhy; mepahaf;fhuHfshy; me;j ed;kf;fs;
fLikahfj; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lhHfs;. rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;. rpjWz;L XbdH. mtHfs; nra;j
mHg;gzq;fSf;F <lhf vjidANk ngwhky; ,Wjpapy; rj;jpaj;jpd; ghijapy; capH Jwe;J tpl;ldH.
my;yJ nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. mtHfsJ vjphpfshd mepahaf;fhuHfNsh ghJfhg;ghfTk;
epk;kjpahfTk; Vd; Mlk;guj;NjhLk; tha;g;G trjpfNshLk; thOfpd;wdH. mtHfs; mjpfhu> gz
gyj;Jld; gy ,yl;rk; Ngiuf; nfhd;W Ftpj;J tpl;L gQ;rizapy; epk;kjpahfj; J}q;Ffpd;wdH. gyH
tWikapy; gijf;fg; gijf;f ,we;J tpLk; NghJ ,d;Dk; rpy FNguHfs; tapWGilf;f cz;L tpuaKk;
nra;fpd;wdH. tprpj;jpukhd ,e;j cyfpy; ghjfHfSf;F nrq;fk;gs tuNtw;Gf; fpilf;fpwJ. mtHfs;
G+khiyapl;L nfsutpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;. rkhjhdj;jpd; J}JtHfs; vd;W gl;lk; #l;lg;gLfpwhHfs;.
Mdhy;> mLj;j gf;fj;jpy; ePjpf;fhf tho;gtHfNsh rpiwapy; thLfpwhHfs;. kpUfq;fisg; nghy;
fz;lk; Jz;lkhf ntl;lg;gLfpwhHfs;.
,e;j epiyapy; ,e;jg; ghjfHfSf;fhf cyfpy; jz;lidapy;iyah vd;W xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs;
mq;fhyha;f;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy;> my;yh`; ePjpgjpfSf;nfy;yhk; ePjpgjp. my;yh`;tpd;
ePjpapy; mirahj ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; K/kpd;fs; chpa $yp toq;fg;gLk; xU ehs;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W cWjpahf ek;GfpwhHfs;. thdq;fs;> G+kpapYs;s xt;nthH mZTk; ,e;j
rj;jpa ehjj;ijNa cr;rhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
vdNt jhd;> ''jPik nra;NthH vz;ZfpwhHfsh <khd; nfhz;L rhyp`hd mky; nra;gtHfisg; Nghy;
mtHfisAk; Mf;fp tpLNthk; vd;W?"" vd my;yh`; tpdTfpwhd;.
,khk; ,g;D fjPH (u`;) ,t;trdj;ij tpsf;f te;j NghJ> ''my;yh`; mg;gbf; nra;a khl;lhd;. ,U
rhuhUk; my;yh`;tplk; rkdhf khl;lhHfs;. mg;gbahf ,Ue;jhy; my;yh`;Tf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L
thOgtd; ew;$ypAk; ghjfd; jz;lidAk; ngWk; xUehs; Njit. my;yh`;tplk; kf;fs; kPz;L nry;Yk;
xU ehSk; $ypAk; Njit vd;W J}a rpe;jid gilj;j> rPhpa ,ay;G nfhz;ltHfSf;F ,e;j trdk;
czHj;JfpwJ. mepahaf;fhudhf mj;JkPWk; xUtidg; ghHf;fpNwhk;. mtdJ nry;tk; ehSf;F ehs;
$LfpwJ. gps;isg; ghf;fpaKk;> tho;thjhu trjpfSk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. mtDk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. mLj;j
gf;fj;jpy; my;yh`;Tf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L thOk; mePjpf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;ltd; rQ;ryj;NjhL
,wf;fpwhd;. mwpTs;s my;yh`;tpd; Qhdk; ,q;Nf Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mtd; epahak;
jPHf;ifapy; mZg;gpukhd msT $l mePjpapiof;fhj ePjpthd;. ,e;j ePjp toq;Fk; eltbf;if
,t;Tyfpy; ,lk; ngwh tpl;lhy; $yp toq;Ftjw;Fk; MWjy; fpilg;gjw;Fkhd XH cyfk;
mtrpakhfpwJ"" vd;W tpsf;FfpwhHfs;.
vdNt> cyfk; vd;w re;ij mHj;jkpd;wpf; fiye;J NghtJ Kiwjhdh? mr;re;ijapy; Ruz;LgtHfs;
Ruz;LfpwhHfs;. nfhs;isabg;NghH nfhs;isabf;fpwhHfs;. nfhiyAk; mj;JkPwYk; elf;fpwJ.
,tHfspy; xUtuhtJ jkf;fhd jz;lidiag; ngwhky; kiwe;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. jg;gp tpLfpwhHfs;.
my;yJ Mjpf;f MAjj;jhy; kf;fis mlf;fp xLf;FfpwhHfs;. ,J epahakh?
 
rj;jpaj;jpd; murd;
cz;ikahd murd; my;yh`; Nfl;fpwhd;. ''cq;fis ehk; tPZf;fhfg; gilj;jpUg;gjhfTk; ePq;fs;
jpUk;gp tpl khl;BHfs; vd;Wk; epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfsh? rj;jpaj;jpd; murdhd
my;yh`; kpf caHe;jtd;. mtidj; jtpu ehadpy;iy. fz;zpakpf;f mH\pd; ,iwtd; mtNd"". (my;
K/kpD}d; : 115-116)
cz;ikahd murd;" ,t;thW mePjpapiof;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W ,t;trdk; Mzpj;jukhf
typAWj;JfpwJ. vdNt> cyf tho;it rkepiyg;gLj;j kWikia cz;L gz;ZtJ my;yh`;tpd;
epjpapd;ghw;gl;l tprakhFk;. cyfpy; 'elg;gjw;Fk;" 'elf;f Ntz;bajw;Fk;" ,ilapyhd kpfg;
nghpa ,ilntspahdJ tho;f;iff;F NtW xU epahakhf fsk; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd t`PJj;jPd; fhd; ,e;j mHj;jj;ij tpsf;FfpwhH.
,t;thW kWik tho;T xd;W ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W $wp my;yh`; mjd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;Jtjd; %yk;
kdpjd; jdJ tho;it caH gz;GfisAk; xOf;f khz;GfisAk; ngw;W kNdh ,r;irfSf;F topg;glhJ
thOk;gb vr;rhpf;fpwhd;. vdNt> kdpj tho;T ey;ynjhU jpiria Nehf;fpr; nry;y ,e;j kWik
ek;gpf;if mtrpakhfpwJ.
 
kdpj ,ay;gpd; vjpHghHg;G
jhd; ,t;Tyfpy; khpj;JtpLtNjhL jdJ tho;T Kbe;J tplf; $lhJ vd;W kdpjd; vjpHghHf;fpwhd;.
tho;T miuFiwahf ,Ug;gjhfTk; jhd; xU guNjrp> my;yJ topg;Nghf;fd; Nghy ,Ug;gjhfTk;
mtd; vz;ZtNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. tuyhnwq;Fk; tho;e;j r%fq;fsplj;jpy; ,e;j czHT ntt;NtW
cUtq;fspy; ntspg;gl;lJ. gz;ila vfpg;jpaH rlyq;fisj; ijykpl;Lg; ghJfhj;jdH. tho;T ,ileLtpy;
Kbtile;J tpl;ljhf mtHfsplk; xU gpuik ,Ue;J te;jjhy; kdTWj;jYf;fhf mt;thW mtHfs;
nra;jpUf;fyhk;. NtW rpyH> kdpjd; ,we;jgpd;dH cliy tpl;Lg; ghpAk; capuhdJ mopahJ
epiyj;jpUf;Fnkd ek;gpdH. ,jdhy; jhd; (Transmigration of Soul) mt;TapH NtW XH ,lj;jpy; GFe;J
epiy nfhs;Sk; (kWgpwg;G) vd mjid tpsf;fpdH. kdpj Mj;kh cr;repiyahd G+uzj;Jtj;ij milAk;
tiu ,e;j eltbf;if njhlUk; vd;gJ mtHfsJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
,e;j ek;gpf;iffspy; jtWfs; ,Ug;gpDk; $l cyf tho;T Kw;Wg; ngWk; tpjj;ij mtHfshfy;
rPuzpf;f Kbahky; Nghdjhy; jhd; ,t;thW vz;zpdhHfs; vdf; $w KbAk;. ,J XH cstpay;
cz;ikAk;$l. NtW xU G+uzj;Jtkpf;f cyFf;fhf kdpjd; Vq;Ffpwhd; vdpd; mt;thwhd XH
cyF ,Ug;gijNa mJ fhl;LfpwJ. jhfk; Vw;gLtJ ePH ,Ug;gjw;F MjhukhFk; vd;gJ Nghy
kWikf;fhd Vf;fk; kWik tUk; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ. NtW XH cyF Njit vd;w czHT
gd;ndLq;fhykhfNt ngUk;ghyhd kdpjhplk; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. mg;gbahapd; KO kdpj r%fj;ijAk;
jOtpa tifapy; ,g;gbahd xU gpuik ,Ue;J tu KbAkh?
 
tpUk;gpatw;iw mila.. ..
kdpjDf;F gy;NtWgl;l vjpHghHg;GfSk; mgpyhi\fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;> mtw;wpy;
ngUk;ghydtw;iw mile;J nfhs;shkNyNa mtd; ,we;J tpLfpwhd;. ,wf;fhky; eP^op tho
Ntz;Lnkd;gJ kdpjdplKs;s Kf;fpakhd MirahFk;. rpyNtis ntw;wpfukhd xU Jiwapy; fhyb
vLj;J itj;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa kuzk; mtid te;J ftHe;J nrd;W tpLfpwJ. vdNt> my;FHMd;
gy;NtWgl;l ,lq;fspy; ed;ik nra;Ak; K/kpd;fs; RtHf;fr; Nrhiyfspy; epue;jukhf ,Ug;gH vd;W
$Wfpd;wJ. kdpjd; kWikapy; ,wg;gpd;wp tho;thd; vd;gjdhy; ,e;j Mirf;F ,q;F tbfhy;
fpilf;fpwJ.
nghJthf my;yh`; kdpjDf;fhf kWikapy; jahH nra;J itj;jpUg;gjhff; $Wk; midj;J ,d;gq;fSk;
cyfpy; mtd; ,oe;j> miuFiwahf mDgtpj;jtw;wpd; KOikahd tbtq;fshfNt ,Uf;Fk;. clypay;>
cstpay; Njitfs; midj;Jk; mq;F epiwthfNt fpilf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf #uJy; thfpMtpd; 15-37
tiuapyhd trdq;fspy; ,J gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijf; fhz KbfpwJ. NkYk; my;yh`; $Wk; NghJ>
''mtHfsJ cs;sq;fs; tpUk;gpa midj;ijAk; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L vd;nwd;Wk;
epiyj;jpUg;ghHfs;"" (my; md;gpah :100) vd;W Rtdtho;tpd; G+uzj;Jtj; jd;ikia
tpsf;Ffpwhd;.
 
ghpG+uz ,d;gk;
,d;gq;fs; fpilj;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ,d;gq;fis KOikahf mDgtpg;gjw;Fr; NrhHTk;>
gytPdKk;> njtpl;lYk; gytPdkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdNt RtHf;fj;jpy; cs;s;tHfs; $Wtjhf my;yh`;
gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whd; :
''my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg;GfOk; mtd; vkJ ftiyia vk;ik tpl;Lk; Nghf;fpdhd; vd;Wk; ,ul;rfd;
epr;rakhf kd;dpg;gtdhfTk; ed;wpia Vw;gtdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. mtd; jhd; jdJ mUspd;
fhuzkhf vd;nwd;Wk; epiyahd tPl;by; (RtHf;fj;jpy; vk;ik ,Uf;fr; nra;jhd;. mjpy; ve;jtpjkhd
rq;flKk; vkf;F tu khl;lhJ. mjpy; ve;jr; NrhHTk; vk;ik mZfhJ vd;Wk; mtHfs; $WthHfs;"".
(my;ghjpH : 22-34>35)
RtHf;fj;jpYs;s kJitg; gw;wpf; $Wk; my;yh`; ''mjidg; gUFtjdhy; mtHfSf;F jiytyp tuhJ.
mtHfs; NghijA+l;lg;glTk; khl;lhHfs;. (my;thfpM – 19) vd;W $Wfpd;whd;.
vdNt> kdpjd; epidj;j ,d;gq;fis kWikapy; milaTk; mDgtpf;fTk; KbAk; vd;gNjhL mtw;iw
jq;Fjilapd;wp mDgtpf;f KbAk; vd;Wk; my;FHMd; $WfpwJ. ,j;jifa XH cyif midtUk;
vjpHghHf;fpwhHfs;. vdNt> my;yh`; kdpjdJ ,t;thirfis kWikapy; G+Hj;jp nra;fpwhd;.
cyfj;jpy; kdpjHfspilNa kpfg; nghpa Vw;wj;jho;Tfis vk;khy; fhz KbfpwJ. vj;jifa Kaw;rpfis
Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; mtw;iwg; Nghf;f KbahjpUf;fyhk;. rpyH vt;tifapYk; ePf;f Kbahj
gpur;rpidfspy; rpf;fpapUg;ghHfs;. xU rpyH fhynky;yhk; NehAld; tho;f;ifia
Xl;LfpwhHfs;. NtW rpyH jpwikfs; vJTkpd;wp gpd;js;sg;gLfpwhHfs;. kw;Wk; rpyNuh
mtyl;rdkhdtHfshf> mq;f mtaq;fspy; FiwghLfSilatHfshf thOfpwhHfs;. NtW rpyUf;F
gps;isg; ghf;fpakpd;ikahy; kdk; nehe;J NghapUf;fpwhHfs;.
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nfa;Nuh 1998 gf;-34.
iraj; rhgpf;> my; mfhapJy; ,];yhkpa;ah> jhUy; fpjhgpy; mugP – nga;&j;> 1985> gf; :
259> 279.
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2>1982. gf; 41-46.
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gf; :127> 136.