tFg;G : xd;gjhk; epiy (m/M/, )

njhFg;ghsh;: f.jpUKUfd; vk;V>vk;gpy;>gpvl;. Xvd;[prp nghJg;gs;sp eputp.

,ay; -3 gz;ghL cs;sj;jpd; rPh;

VW jOTjy;
1. VW jOTjy; jkpohpd; mwr;nray; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fis
tpthpf;f.
Kd;Diu:-
gz;ghl;Lj; njhd;ikAk; ,yf;fpa tsikAk; tha;e;jJ jkpoh; tuyhW.
Ky;iy kw;Wk; kUj epyq;fspy; fhy; nfhz;L jkpoh; jk; tho;NthL
gpd;dpg;gpize;J gz;ghlhfpAs;sJ VW jOTjy;. ,J Áw;whz;Lfs; gy fle;Jk;
jkpoh; jk; milahskhfNt epWtg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
,yf;fpaq;fspy; VW jOTjy;:-
rq;f ,yf;fpakhfpa fypj;njhif> rpyg;gjpfhuk; Kjyhd ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;
Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy vd;Dk; ,yf;fz ÁypYk;> rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs;
xd;whd gs;StpYk;> njhd;ik rhh;e;j eLfy;> Xtpaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; VW
jOTjy; gw;wpa rhd;Wfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd.
gz;ghl;L milahsk;:-
VW jOTjy;> Ky;iy epyj;J kf;fspd; milahsj;NjhLk; kUj epyj;J
Ntshz; Fbfspy; njhopy; cw;gj;jpNahLk; ghiy epyj;J kf;fspd; Njitf;fhd
Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; njhopNyhLk; gpize;jJ.
tpisahb kfpojy;:-
Ntshz; Fbfspd; tho;NthLk; ciog;NghLk; gpize;J fple;j khLfSld;
mth;fs; tpisahb kfpOk; kughf cUf; nfhz;lNj VW jOTjyhFk;.
gpwehl;by; fhis tpisahl;L:-
Nkiy ehLfspy; Fwpg;ghf ];ngapd; ehl;by;> fhisia nfhd;W
mlf;FgtNd tPudhff; fUjg;gLthd;. mt;tpisahl;by; MAjq;fisg;
gad;gLj;JtJk; cz;L.
VW jOTjYk; jkpoh; mwKk;:-
jkpofj;jpy; eilngWk; VW jOTjypy; fhisia mlf;Fgth;fs; ve;j
MAjj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. epfo;tpd; njhlf;fj;jpYk; KbtpYk;
fhisfSf;F topghL nra;th;. md;igAk; tPuj;ijAk; xUNru tsh;j;njLf;Fk;
,t;tpisahl;by; fhisia mutizj;J mlf;FgtNu tPuuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLth;.
ek; flik:-
jkpoh;fspd; gz;ghl;Lj; jpUtpohthf tpsq;Fk; VW jOTjy; ,uz;lhapuk;
Mz;Lfs; njhd;ikAilaJ. ek; Kd;Ndhhpd; ,j;jifia gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfisg;
Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gJ ek; xt;nthUthpd; flik MFk;.
KbTiu:-
gz;ila tPuTzh;it epidël;Lk; VW jOTjy; tpyq;Ffis
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk; topghl;ilAk; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikiaAk; khL tsh;j;jiyAk;
typAWj;Jk; gz;ghl;Lf; FwpaPL MFk;

2. Ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; gz;ghlL milahs ePl;rpia tpsf;Ff.

 VW jOTjy;> Ky;iy epyj;J kf;fspd; milahsj;NjhL
,ize;jJ.
  kUj epyj;J Ntshz; Fbfspd; njhopy; cw;gj;jpNahL
njhlh;GilaJ.
 ghiy epyj;J kf;fspd; Njitf;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; njhopNyhLk;
gpize;jJ.
 ,jd; njhlh;r;rpahf> Ntshz; Fbfspd; tho;NthLk; ciog;NghLk;
gpize;J fple;j khLfSld; mth;fs; tpisahb kfpOk; kughf
cUf;nfhz;lNj VW jOTjyhk;.
 ,JNt Ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; gz;ghL milahskhd ePl;rp MFk;.

3. VW jOTjy; jpizepiy tho;Tld; vt;tpjk; gpize;jpUf;fpwJ?

Ky;iyj;jpiz:-
rq;f ,yf;fpakhd fypj;njhifapy;> VW jOTjy; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ky;iy epy Mah;fs; gq;Nfw;Fk; ,e;epfo;T mth;fspd;
tPuj;jpid nka;g;gpf;ff;$ba xd;whfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

kUjj;jpiz:-
taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lkhd kUjepyk; coTj; njhopYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
juf;$ba xd;W. Ntshz; Fbfspd; tho;NthLk; ciog;NghLk; gpize;J
fple;j khLfSld; mth;fs; tpisahb kfpOk; kughf cUf;nfhz;lNj VW
jOTjy;.

kzpNkfiy
1. kzpNkfiyapd; tpohtiw fhijapd; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
Kd;Diu:-
ngz;ikia Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; kzpNkfiy xU Gul;rpg;ngz;. jkpoh;fspd;
Gul;rpf; fhg;gpak;> gz;ghl;Lf; fhg;gpak;. mk;kzpNkfiyapd; tPu tuyhw;iwf;
fhz;Nghk;.
,e;jpu tpohitf; fhzte;Njhh;:-
cyfpay;> jj;Jtk;> tPLNgW Mfpatw;wpd; nka;g;nghUis tpsf;Fk;
rkathjpfSk; fhyj;ijf; fzf;fpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; fhyf; fzpjUk;. jk;
NjtUliy kiwj;J kf;fs; cUtpy; te;jpUe;j flTsUk;. fly; top
thzpfk; nra;a te;j gynkhop NgRNthUk;. Ik;ngUq;FO> vz;Nguhaj;ijr;
Nrh;e;NjhUk; ,e;jpu tpohitf; fhzf;$bapUe;jdh;.
tpoh Kd;Ndw;ghLfs;:-
éuzFk;gk;> nghw;ghypif> ghit tpsf;F> gytifahd kq;fyg;
nghUs;fis Kiwahf moFgLj;jp itg;gh;. Fiy Kw;wpa ghf;F kuj;ijAk;>
tQ;rpf;nfhbiaAk;> éq;nfhbfisAk;> fUk;igAk; el;Litg;gh;.
gl;bkz;lgk; VWkpd;:-
Fsph;e;j kzy; gug;gpa ge;jy;fspYk;> kuq;fs; jho;e;J epoy; jUk; Ch;
kd;wq;fspYk; ey;yd gw;wpr; nrhw;nghopthw;Wth;. mtuth; rkaj;jpw;F chpa
cl;nghUswpe;J thjpLNthh; gl;bkz;lg Kiwfisj; njhpe;J thjpl;Lj; jP h;T
fhz;gh;.
rpdKk; érYk; iftpLf:-
khWghL nfhz;l gifth;fsplk; $lf; NfhgKk; érYk; nfhs;shJ
mth;fis tpl;L tpyfp epw;gh;. me;j ,Ugj;njl;L ehs;fspYk; NjtUk;
kf;fSk; xd;Wgl;L kfpo;Tld; cyhtp tUth;.
tho;j;jp mwptpj;jy;:-
ehy;tifg; gilapdUk; #o;e;J tu> “grpAk; NehAk; gifAk; ePq;fp kioAk;
tsKk; vq;Fk; ngUFtjhf” vd tho;j;jp Kurpid miwe;J mwptpg;gh;.
 KbTiu:-
kzpNkfiyapd; Kjy; fhij tsf;Fk; nra;jpfs; jkpohpd; gz;ghl;ilAk;
mwpthw;wiyAk; njspthf tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

2. cq;fs; Chpy; eilngWfpd;w tpoh Kd;Ndhw;ghLfis ,e;jpu tpoh

epfo;TfSld; xg;gpLf.
 Njhuzk; fl;ba njUf;fspYk; Fw;wkpy;yhj kd;wq;fspYk; éuz
Fk;gk; itg;gh;.
 nghw;ghypif> ghit tpsf;F kw;Wk; gytifahd kq;fyg;
nghUs;fis Kiwahf moFg;gLj;jp itg;gh;.
 Fiy Kw;wpa ghf;F kuj;ijAk;> thio kuj;ijAk;> tQ;rpf;
nfhbiaAk;> éq;nfhbiaAk;> fUk;igAk; el;Litg;gh;.
 tPLfspd; Kd; njUj;jpz;izapy; thpir thpirahf ,Uf;Fk;
jq;fj; Àz;fspNy Kj;J khiyfisj; njq;ftpLth;.
 tpohf;fs; epiwe;j ,k;%Àhpd; njUf;fspYk; kd;wq;fspYk; gioa
kziy khw;wpg; Gjpa kziyg; gug;Gth;.
 Jfpy; nfhbfisAk; fk;Gfspy; fl;ba nfhbfisAk; nghpa
khlq;fspYk; khlq;fspd; thapy;fspYk; Nrh;j;Jf;fl;Lth;.
 ,t;thW Chpy; eilngWfpd;w tpohtpw;fhd Kd;Ndw;ghLfs; gy
eilngWk;.
jpUf;Fws;
1. nghiwAilik mjpfhuj;jpd; %yk; ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fs; ahit?
epyk;Nghy:-
jd;idj; Njhz;Lgtiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk; Nghyj; jd;id ,fo;gtiug;
nghWg;gNj jiy rpwe;jJ.
“mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik
,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy.”
mwky;yhj nray;:-
gpwh; jdf;Fj; juf;$lhj Jd;gj;ijj; je;jhYk; kdk; nehe;J mwk;
my;yhj nray;fisr; nra;ahik rpwg;Gf;FhpaJ.
“jpwdy;y jw;gpwh; nra;apDk; Nehnehe;J
mwdy;y nra;ahik ed;W.”
jz;bf;Fk; Kiw:-
nrUf;fpdhy; Jd;gk; je;jtiu ek;Kila nghWikahy; nty;y
Ntz;Lk;.
“kpFjpahd; kpf;fit nra;jhiuj; jhk;jk;
jFjpahd; ntd;W tply;.”
2. Nfs;tp vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Sth; $Wk; tskhh;e;j fUj;Jfs; ahit?
jiyaha nry;tk;:-
nry;tj;jpdhy; rpwe;jJ nrtpahy; Nfl;lwpAk; Nfs;tpr; nry;tk;. mJ
gpw topfspy; tUk; nry;tq;fis tplj; jiyrpwe;jJ.
“nry;tj;Js; nry;tk; nrtpr;nry;tk; mr;nry;tk;
nry;tj;Js; vy;yhk; jiy.”
Nfl;gjhy; tUk; ed;ik:-
vt;tsT rpwpjhapDk; ey;ytw;iwf; Nfl;lhy; Nfl;l msTf;Fg;
ngUik cz;lhFk;.
 “vidj;jhDk; ey;yit Nfl;f midj;jhDk;
Md;w ngUik jUk;.”
mhpa nray;:-
El;gkhd Nfs;tpawpT ,y;yhjth; mlf;fkhd nrhw;fisg; NgRtJ
mhpJ.
“Ezq;fpa Nfs;tpah; my;yhh; tzq;fpa
thapdh; Mjy; mhpJ.”
nrtpr;Rit:-
Nfl;gjd; Ritia czuhky; ehtpd; Rit kl;Lk; czh;gth;
,we;jhy;jhd; vd;d! ,Ue;jhy;jhd; vd;d!
“nrtpapw; RitAzuh thAzh;tpd; khf;fs;
mtpapDk; thopDk; vd;.”
3. njhpe;J njspjy; vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpd; %yk; ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jfs;
ahit?
xUthpd; Fzj;ijAk; Fw;wj;ijAk; Muha;e; J> mtw;Ws; kpFjpahdijf;
nfhz;L mtiug;gw;wp KbT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
“Fzk;ehbf; Fw;wKk; ehb mtw;Ws;
kpifehb kpf;f nfhsy;.”
xUthpd; ngUikf;Fk; rpWikf;Fk; mtuJ nray;ghLfNs Muha;e;J
mwpAk; ciufy; MFk;.
“ngUikf;Fk; Vidr; rpWikf;Fk; jj;jk;
fUkNk fl;lisf; fy;.”
Muhahky; xUtiuj; Njh;T nra;tJk; mt;thW Njh;T nra;jgpd;
mtiug;gw;wp Iag;gLjYk; jPuhj Jd;gk; jUk;.
“Njuhd; njspTk; njspe;jhd;fz; IAwTk;
jPuh ,Lk;ig jUk;.”

4. tpidj;Àa;ik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;J ahJ?

tho;tpy; cau epidg;gth; Gfiof; nfLf;Fk; nray;fisg; Gwk; js;s
Ntz;Lk;.
“Xjy; Ntz;Lk; xspkho;Fk; nra;tpid
MmJk; vd;D kth;.”
jhapd; grpiaf; fz;lNghJk; rhd;Nwhh; gopf;Fk; nray;fisr; nra;ahNj.
“<d;whs; grpfhz;ghd; MapDQ; nra;aw;f
rhd;Nwhh; gopf;Fk; tpid.”
jPa nrayhy; nghUs; Nrh;j;Jg; ghJfhj;jy; Rlhj kz;fyj;jpy; ePUw;wp
itg;gijg; Nghd;wJ.
“ryj;jhy; nghUs;nra;Nj khh;j;jy; gRkz;
fye;JePh; nga;jphP, aw;W.”
 mfoha;T ( Jizg;ghlk; )
1. gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfisg; Ngzpf; ghJfhf;f ehk; nra;a Ntz;ba nray;fisj;
njhFj;J vOJf.
Kd;Diu:-
fle;j fhyj;ij Muha;e;J mwpe;J nfhz;lhy;jhd; epfo;fhyj;ijr;
nrk;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. tUq;fhyk; tskhf miktjw;Fk; typikahd
fl;likg;ig cUthf;fTk; ekJ Kd;Ndhh;fs; tho;e;J ngw;w gl;lwpitf;
ifafg;gLj;jpj; njhFj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
gz;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;G:-
jkpofj;jpy; gz;ilf; fhyj;jpNyNa ekJ jkpo; Kd;Ndhh;fs; nrk;ikahd
gz;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;NghL tho;e;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ehk;jhd; me;jj; njhd;ik
tuyhw;wpd; cz;ikia mwpahky; njhlh;r;rp mWgl;L ,ilapy; vq;Nfh
ghijkhwp> gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
Àf;fp vwp:-
,d;iwf;F ehk; xU Gjpa ehfhpfr; #oiyg; gofpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
mJ vd;dntd;why;> xU nghUis xU Kiw gad;gLj;jptpl;Lj; Àf;fp vwp
vd;gjhFk;. vOJfpw Ngdh> Fbf;fpw jz;zPh;g;Gl;b> gOJgl;l kbf;fzpdp>
nry;yplg;Ngrp Nghd;wtw;iw xUKiw gad;gLj;jpj; Àf;fp vwpfpw tof;fj;jhy;
kpd;rhjdf; Fg;igfs; kiynadf; Ftpe;Jtpl;ld> Rw;Wr;#oy; rpije;J
Gw;WNehahspfs; ngUFk; mghak; te;Jtpl;lJ.

kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;JNthk;:-
ekJ Kd;Ndhh;fs; fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gad;gLj;jpa RLkz;zhYk;
cNyhfj;jhYk; nra;ag;gl;l nghUs;fs; gy jiyKiwfisf; fle;J gad;ghl;by;
,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. gOJgl;lhy; rhp nra;J kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;JNthk;. fle; j
Áw;whz;L tiuapYk; gz;ghl;ilAk; Rw;Wr;#oiyak; Ngzpf;fhf;Fk; kf;fshfNt
ek;Kd;Ndhh;fs; tho;e;jdh;. Mdhy; ehk; ,d;W mtw;iw kwe;Jtpl;Nlhk;.
Ngzpf;fhf;f Ntz;ba xd;W:-
mfoha;T jUk; Mjhuq;fspd; %yk; ekJ tskhd tuyhw;iwAk;
gz;ghl;ilAk; mwpe;J nfhz;L typikahd vjph;fhyj;ij cUthf;f KbAk;.
NkYk; ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;j gz;ghl;L tho;f;if ek;KilaJ vd;gij
mwpe;Jnfhz;L mtw;iwg; Ngzpf;fhg;gJ ek; flikahFk;.
KbTiu:-
kf;fs;> mwptpay; vd;fpw kfj;jhd rpe;jidiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;
ekJ gz;ghl;bd; Nkd;ikfis ,d;iwa jiyKiw vLj;Jf; nfhz;L rpwg;ghf
tho;tjw;Fk; mfoha;T Jizepw;fpd;wJ.