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. rpAMMATHKA HPJIAH,n:CKOrO Jl3hlKA

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c.r. XAJIHTIOB

KPATKAH rPAMMATHKA HPJIAH,n:CKoro H3blKA

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Caaxr-Ilerepoypr 1r13AATEJ1bCTBO HOTA6EHE 1997

66K 81.2 (411) X17

© c.r. XUHnoB, 1997

© 1111/laTeJ\bCTBo "HOTa6eHe", 1997

Pe~aKTOp .l\u.zum KapnoBa

06.1\02KKa xy~02KHHKa AAeKc~pa Ko6J1Ka

KOMnblOTepHbIH Ha60p H BepCTKa TeKCTa HBana THTOBa

lli/laTeAbCTBO "HOTa6eHe" 199155, Cc-Tlerepdypr, np, KI1Ma, 30 AH!!eH3HHAP N!! 062907 oT4.08.93 ISBN 5-87170-056-X

Onresaraao B THnOrpaqIHH AO "TeKCT" . .3aK. N!! 25. 191180, c.-ncrep6ypr, Cl>oHTaHKa, 90, sopn.Z

I. HCTOPHJI Jl3b1Ka,

DHCbMeHHOCTH

H AHTepaTypbl HpAaHAHH

I1pAaHACKHH H.3bIK HBAHeTCH HapHAY C aHrAHHCKHM rOCYAapCTBeHHbIM H.3bIKOM I1pAaHAHH. OH OTHOCHTCH K HTMO-KeAbTCKOH BeTBH HHAoeBponeHCKOH H.3bIKOBOH ceMbH. KeAbTCKHe H.3bIKH, B CBOIO oxepeae, AeAHTCH sa rOHAeAbCKYIO (ApeBHeHpAaHAcxoe go ide 1 'HpAaHAe~,O 1'1 6pHTTCKYlO rpyrmer. fOHAeAbcKaH rpynna BKAlOqaeT HPAaHAcKHH, r9AbCKHH WOTAaHAHH (o-aa Eappa 1'1 AbIOHC), a rasose C<iHTalOI,!!HHcH MepTBbIM H.3bIK OCTpOBa M9H. EPHTTCKaH rpynna COCTOHT 1'1.3 BMAHHcKoro, 6peToHcxoro 1'1 HblHe MepTBoro xopacxoro H.3bIKOB.

11.3 scex COBpeMeHHblX KeAbTCKHX H.3bIKOB 60Abwe scero CXOAeH C ApeBHeKeAbTCKHM HpAaHAcKHH, oc06eHHO ApeBHeHpAaHAcKHH VIII - X BeKOB. npHqHHa sroro B TOM, 'ITO I1pAaHAHH He 6blAa .3aBOeBaHa pHMAHHaMH 1'1 KeAbTCKHH H.3blK I1pAaHAHH He nepecrax 6blTb H.3bIKOM AHTepaTypbl 1'1 HayKH, HCnOAb.3yeMbIM caMblMH 06pa.30BaHHblMH AIOAbMH, T.e. n09TaMH-c:pHAHAaMH (file) 1'1 ApYHAaMH (draoi), a C IV - V BeKOB xpHCTHaHCKHMH yqeHblMH.

I1cTopHH HpAaHACl<oro R.3blKa AeAHTCR aa 4 rrepaoaa:

1) OraMHqeCKHX HMnHceH, npHMepHO 300 - 500 rr. a.s.:

2) cTapo-HpAaHAcKHH, 600 - 900 rr.

3) cpeAHeHpAaHAcKHH, 900 - 1200 rr.;

4) cOBpeMeHHblH HpAaHAcKHH, C 1200 r. AO HaWHX AHeH.

aTO nOApa.3AeAeHHe RBAHeTCR npOH.3BOAbHbIM, TaK KaK TeHAeH~HH K apXaH.3a~HH .3aTeMHHeT nOMHHHoe rroxoaseaae BeI,!!eH, oc06eHHO aa nepaon C XI no XVI sexa, nOCAe xerc AHTeparypHblH H.3bIK nepecraer 6blTb AOMHHHPYIOI,!!HM, H OOHBAHIOTCH cospeveaaste AHaAeKTbl, cpeaa KOTOPblX BblAeAHIOTCH wOTAaHAcKHH H M9HCKHH.

XOTH H.3BeCTHO casnue 300 OraMHqeCKHX aannaceii, HH OAHa H3 HHX He COCTOHT 60Aee, qeM 1'13 HeCKOAbKHX CAOB. nOAaBAHIOI!!ee 60AbWHHCTBO - aTO c06CTBeHHbie

3

HMeHa B pO.ll.HTeAbHOM naaease. Cpeaa IIPOqHX apXaHqeCKHX xepr aserxa Ha.ll.IIHCeH, OCHOBaHHblX aa AaTHHCKOM axqiasare, 3aMeTHO COXpaHeHHe nepacaaxaxeaetx KOHeqHblX CAOrOB. O.ll.HaKO HaAHqHe HeMyrHpoBaHHblX (CHAbHbIX) H MyrHpoBaHHblX (CAa- 6b1X) <f>OpM COrAaCHblX (CM. c. 38) He orpazseao, 3TH Ha.ll.IIHcH RBNlIOTCR e.ll.HHCTBeHHblM IIaMRTHHKOM apxaaxecxoro, HAH rOH.lI.eAbCKOro, nepaozia HpAaH.lI.CKOrO R3b1Ka:

Doveti Maqi Cattini '<xaaeae> 40BeToca cenra KaTTHHoca'; Sagramni Maqi Cunatami '<xasreae> Carpaaaoca csraa KYHaTaMoca'; Ovani Maqi Ivacatti '<xaaeas> Osaayca CblHa HBaKanyca'.

EYKBbl B .lI.peBHeHllIHX OraMHqeCKHX Ha.ll.IIHCHX COCTaBAHIOTCH H3 -reproxex HAH aapytiox, C.lI.eAaHHbix IIO o6e CTOPOHbl BepTHKaAbHo croaigero KaMHH. 3Ta CHCTeMa, cHa6*eHHaH .lI.pyrHMH 3HaKaMH, 6blAa, IIO-BH.lI.HMOMY, H306peTeHa aa rorosanane HpAaH.lI.HH AIO.lI.bMH, 3HaKOMblMH C AaTHHCKHM aA<f>aBHToM. Hexoropsre H3 Ha.ll.IIHCeH OTHOCHTCH K V BeKY, a B03MomHo, H K 60Aee paHHeMY nepaoay. B CTapeHllIHX Ha.ll.IIHCHX q OT AH'IaeTCH OT k (C), H xoaexaere CAorH erge He OTIIaAH; cp.: maqqi H .lI.p.-HpA. maicc. HecKoAbKO KaMHeH HMeIOT .lI.BYH3blqHbie Ha.ll.IIHCH, HO KAIOq K OraMHqeCKOMY IIHCbMY 6blA HaH.lI.eH B rpaxra're 06 OraMHqeCKOM IIHCbMe B "KHHre H3 EaAAHMOYTa" (Ballyrnote.), npe.ll.CTaBAHBUIeH C060H PYKOIIHCb KOHga XIV serca.

AaTHHCKHH aA<f>aBHT 6blA saeaen B HpAaH.lI.HH B V sese H B KOHj!e VI sexa ero yzce HCIIOAb30BaAH .lI.AH IIHCbMa Ha HpAaH.lI.CKOM H3b1Ke. BHyrPH CAOBa t H C 06blqHO cxeztyer qHTaTb KaK d H g, HaIIpHMep, CTapOHpAaH.lI.CKOe Patraic cxeayer npOH3HOCHTb Padraig, T.e. TaK, TaK 9TO HMH IIHUIeTCR B COBpeMeHHOM HpAaH.lI.CKOM. AaTHHcKHH aA<f>aBHT 6blA HCIIOAb30BaH .lI.AH YKa3aHHH na CHAbHble H cxaoere <f>OpMbl HpAaH.lI.CKHX corxacaerx CAe.ll.YIOI,ijHM 06pa30M: C - ch, t -- th, p - ph H T . .lI.. HAH C nOM0l,ijbIO TOqKH, HaIIpHMep, C HAH t . Bce HpAaH.lI.CKHe cor xacasre MOryr 6blTb TBep.ll.blMH H MHrKHMH, 'r.e . .lI.a*e 60Aee IIOCAe.ll.OBaTeAbHO, qeM B PYCCKOM R3b1Ke. KaK IIpaBHAO, rpa<f>HqeCKOe, HeIIpOH3HOCHMoe i HCIIoAb3yeTcH .lI.AH YKa3aHHH na TO, qTO IIOCAe.ll.YIOIgHH corAaCHblH na.aaraxasyerca, aarrpasrep: MH.q. OT bard '6ap.ll.' HMeeT <f>OPMY baird '6ap.lI.bl'.

r OH.lI.eAbj!aM, cpaBHHTeAbHO He TaK .lI.aBHO npH6blBUlHM B HpAaH.lI.HIO, npeztutecrBOBaAO TaM 6pHTTCKoe HaCeAeHHe, xoropoe H 06pa30BaAO H3bIKOBOH cyficrpar. OaaaKO, HeCMOTpH na 3HaqHTeAbHoe KOAHqeCTBO 6PHTICKHX 3aHMCTBOBamfH B HpAaH.lI.CKOM, OHH AerKO pacnosnaaaever, TaK KaK 06HapY*HBaIOT xapaxrepasre 6pHTICKHe xeprer, xoropsre BpH.lI. AH MO*HO OTHeCTH paasure, qeM K VI sexy. 8TH 6pHTICKHe 3aHMCTBO-

4

BaHHH nonaxa B HpAaH;'I.CKHH B TO me BpeMH, 'ITO H OCHOBHaH Macca AaTHHCKHX saHMCTBOBaHHH, HOCHI,!!HX aa ce6e 6PHTI'CKHH OTneqaTOK. O;'l.HaKO ecre aeooxsuroe KOAHqeCTBO AaTHHCKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHH, nonaBlliHX S HpAaH;'I.CKHH ;'1.0 \! BeKa H no;'l.sepnnaxcs TeM me HSMeHeHHHM, 'ITO H HCKOHHble KeAbTCKHe CAOBa. OHH Ha.3bIBaIOTCH saHMCTSOBaHHHMH nma Cothriche, TaK KaK HMeHHO 9Ta CTapHHHaH <popMa OT Patricus 06HapymHBaeT paHHHH rrepexozr p B C, a rarose HpAaH;'I.CKYIO AeHHgHIO, T.e. cnapaarasagHIO cor AaCHbIX. ::hOH rpynne saHMcTBosaHHH npoTHBonOCTaBJ\jIIOTCH SaHMCTBOBaHHH rana Patraic, ycaoeaaere HpAaH;'I.CKHM B HX 6PHTTCKOH <popMe H OCTaBlliHeCH B HeM B 06I,!!eM HeHSMeHeHHbIMH .

.llpeBHeHpAaH;'I.CKHH: H3bIK HBJ\jIeTCSI H3bIKOM, He;'l.aSHO BbIllie;'l.lliHM H3 apxaasecxoro COCTOHHHH. OH 06Aa;'l.aeT OqeHb CAOmHOH: CTPYKTYPOH r AarOAOB H HH<pHrHposaHHblx (BCTaBHbIX) MeCToHMeHHH, npOCYI,!!eCTBOBaBllieH: HeCKOAbKO BeKoB, HO cpeaaeapxaaaCKHH yme BblrJ\jl;'l.HT ynpoI,ijeHHbIM ;'1.0 TaKoH me CTeneHH, B KaKoH MbI 3aCTaeM HaH60- Aee paHHHH BaAAHHCKHH j13bIK.

C:OopMa HpAaH;'I.CKOrO, 06HapymHsaeMaH B ;'I.peSHeHlliHX ;'I.oKYMeHTax, COXpaHHJl.a pH;'I. xepr, nOAHOCTblO HAH nOqTH nOAHOCTblO HCqe3HYBlliHX H3 6PHTI'CKHX j13bIKOB. n09TOMY HpAaH;'I.cKHH j13bIK rrozmepasea HHTeHcHBHoMY H3yqeHHIO H C TOqKH 3peHHH CpaSHHTeJl.bHOH <pHJl.OAOrHH MomeT no npasy CqHTaTbCH KJl.aCCHqeCKHM KeJl.bTCKHM j{3bIKOM.

B cospeaeaaerx ;'I.HaAeKTax J.1pAaH;'I.HH H WOTAaH;'I.HH C06AIO;'I.aeTCjI crporoe npaBHAO opqiorpaqma, aaaeraaexoe "YSKHH C YSKHM H lliHpOKHH C lliHPOKHM" (caolle caol agus leathan le leathan), T.e. naAaTaAHSosaHHbIH corAaCHbIH 0603HaqaeTCjI 6YKSOH i nepe;'l. corAacHbIM HAH nOCAe Hero H 6YKSOH e nOCAe corAaCHoro.

B CTapOM j1SbIKe naAaTaAH3agHH KOHeqHbIX cor AaCHbIX 06blqHO He 0603HaqeHa; cp.: CTapOHpA. fir 'sepHbIH' (cospea, fior) C TBepMIM KOHe'lHbIM corxacaera H fir 'MymqHHbI' C MjlrKHM.

MYTagHH, T.e. HSMeHeHHe corxacasrx SBYKOB, B CTapOM HSbIKe peracrpaposaxace TOAbKO B aaxaxe CAOBa, HO S cepeaaae CAOBa MYTagHH b, d, g He orvexaxace.

KaK npaBHAO, 6YKBbI b, d, g B naxaxe CAOBa 060SHaqaAH SBOHKHe CMblqHble. B cepeaaae me H B KOHge CAOBa npe;'l.CTaBJ\jIAH C060H I,!!eAeSble, a SBoHKHe CMblqHble B cepenaae H B KOHge cxosa 060SHaqaAHCb 6YKBaMH p, t, c. T as, S cpe;'l.HeHpAaH;'I.CKOM MbI HaxO;'l.HM do bochtaib; cp.: COBpeM. do bhochtaibh '6e;'l.H$lKaM', Cpe;'l.HeHpA. ro gab H COBpeM. (do) ghabh 'BSjlA'.

B paHHl-di nepaoa Hp.MH.n;CI<HH R3blK nOA}"'lHA HeKOTOpOe KOAH'ieCTBO 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 AaTblHH. OHH, B OCHOBHOM, HMelOT OTHOWeHHe K !!epKBH HAH K npezoaeraa !!HBHAH3a!!HH, nOnaBWHM B YlpAaH.n;HlO H3 PHMCKOH BpHTaHHH. Hexoropsre H3 ~THX 3aHMCTBOBaHHH o6HapymHBalOT OC06eHHOCTH 6PHTTCKOrO npOH3HOWeHHR, aanpierep, .n;p.-HpA. trind6it OTAaT. trinitatem 'TpOH!!a'. B .n;pyrHx 3aHMCTBOBaHHRX AaTHHCKoe p npeacrasxeao B HpAaH.n;CKOM 6YKBOH c. TaK, Mbl Haxo.n;HM HpA. corcur 'nypnyp', CaSC 'Tlacxa' H T . .n;.

KpOMe roro, HpAaH.n;CKHH 3aHMCTBOBaA aexoropoe KOAH'ieCTBO CAOB H3 CKaH.n;Haascsoro, Flosase cpe.n;HeHpAaH.n;CKHH nOA}"'lHA MHoro CAOB H3 cppaH!!y3CKoro, HO 60Abwe scero 6blAO 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 aHrAHHCKoro B cpe.n;HHH H B cospeMeHHblH nepaozt apxaaacxoro R3blKa.

4HaAeKTaAbHble pa3AH'iHR He npORBARlOTCR s AHTepaTypHOM sasrxe ao XVIII sexa. B HaCTORl,ijHH MOMeHT SOCTO'iHbIH AeHCTepCKHH HpAaH.n;CKHH R3blK HC'ie3 COBepweHHO, He OCTaBHS cxeaoa.

B CeAbCKOH MeCTHOCTH rpex npOBHH!!HH: Oxscrepa, KOHHOTa H MYHCTepa (Uladh, Connacht, Murnha) HpAaH.n;CKHH npoztoxasaer MeCTaMH mHTb KaK pasrosopasif R3blK, npH'ieM aa lOre R3blK 60Aee xoacepaaraaea, 'ieM aa Cesepe. Ha lOre HMeeTCR TeH.n;eH!!HR CTaBHTb yaapenae aa nOCAe.n;HHH, .n;OArHH, cxor, roraa KaK B Oxscrepe H KOHHOTe yziapeaae naaaer na nepBblH cxor,

B onpeaexeaasrx CAY'iaRX na lOre H B KOHHOTe HcnOAb3YlOT TaKOH BH.n; MYTa!!HH, KaK saryxaaae (don bhfear 'Mym'iHHe'), rorza KaK aa Cesepe yrrorpeoxaerca l,ijeAeBaR MYTa!!HR, HAH AeHH!!HR (don fhear 'Mym'iHHe').

Ha lOre CHHTeTH'ieCKHe CPOpMbl rxaroxa HcnOAb3YlOTCR ropasao nrape, 'ieM aa Cesepe.

El,ije B nepsoji nOAOBHHe XIX B. HpAaH.n;c~HH 6blA R3blKOM 60Aee 'ieM nOAOBHHbl HaCeAeHHR OCTpOBa. BAHRHHe KaTOAH'-IeCKOrO .n;YXOBeHCTBa 6blAO aanpasxeao npOTHB apxaaacxoro R3blKa. Hecsrorpa na YCHAHR f9AbCKOH AHrH, OCHOBaHHOH B 1893 r., IWAH'ieCTBO rOBopRIJJ.HX aa HeM coxpargaercs. C !!eAblO COXpaHeHHR R3blKa ezceroano npOBo.n;HTCR Ha!!HOHaAbHbIH BceHpAaH.n;CKHH rpecrasaxe BpRXTac (Oireachtas), a xaas.n;aR npOBHH!!HR H MHOrHe rparpcrsa OT.n;eAbHO YCTpaHBalOT cBoH co6cTBeHHblH rpecrn- 8aAb rpeur (Ieis}.

6

C03P,aTeNlMH HpAaHP,CKOH AHTepaTypbI 6bIAH B OCHOBHOM n09TbI-qmAHp,bI (fill OT p,peBHeKeAbTcKoro veletes 'npOBHP,!!bI'). Eha AHTepaTypa MomeT CBOHM 60raTcTBoM H xpacoroii CpaBHHTbC5I C caMbIMH 3aMe'laTeAbHbIMH AHTepaTypaMH cpenaeaesosoii EBporter. 40 Hac OHa ztonrxa B saae aexoroporo KOAH'IeCTBa pyxonaceii, p,peBHeHllIHe H3 KOTOPbIX OTHOC5ITC5I K VIII B., a 60AbllIa51 '1aCTb OCTaAbHbIX - K XII H XIII BB. dTO H 60AbllIHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH, nanacanaere CMeCblO nposer H CTHXOB, H n09TH'IeCKHe npOH3Bep,eHH5I, neCHH, pexaraosnsre neCHOneHH5I, mH3HeonHCaHH5I CB5ITbIX, KHHrH no HCTOPHH, rpaseaaraxe, npasy, Mep,H!!HHe, reorparpaa H aCTpOHOMHH. CpeP,H npoxax OTMeTHM CAeP,YIOI,!!He.

1. CBOP, 3aKOHOB noa Ha3BaHHeM "Seanchas mor" - "BeAHKaH 6bIAb" , aanacaaHbIH B IX - X BB. no PYKonHCH XIV B. OH aaasen TeM, 'ITO nOKa3bIBaeT, KaK KeAbTCKoe npaso, nO-BHp,HMOMY, AHllIb B oxeas He60AbllIOH CTeneHH nozmeprxoce xpHCTHaHCKOMY BAH5IHHIO, ropasao MeHbllIe, '1eM BaJ\)\HHCKHe 3aKOHb!.

2. nOBecTBoBaHHH 0 p,peBHeHllIeH HCTOPHH 60roB, 0 npoacxoaszienaa '1eAOBeKa H MHpa cor AaCHO xpHCTHaHCKHM BepOBaHH5IM I1pAaHP,HH. B 9THX nOBeCTBOBaHHHX 513bI'1eCKHM AereHp,aM npaaaa TaKOH BHp" '1T06bI HX MomHO 6blJ\0 ccxpaaare H cpeaa xpHCTHaH.

3. nOBeCTBoBaHHH 0 BeAHKHX AIOP.HX H C06bITHHX, OTHOC5II,!!HeC5I K KOPOAIO KOHXO- 6apy (Conchobar H3 Kunokobros, OTCIOp,a COBpeMeHHaH <f>aMHAH5I Connor), K BOHHY CeTaHTa (OT Setantios), rrpoasaaaoro KYXYAHH, T.e. "nee KYAaHa", H K p,pyrHM BOHHaM, mHBllIHM npep,nOAomHTeAbHO B nepBOM sexe H.9. 113 9THX nOBeCTBOBaHHH MomHO Y3HaTb 0 mH3HH H 06bI'Ia5lX KeAbTOB MaTepHKa H DpHTaHHH nepsoro sexa p,o H.9., a anorna H erge 60Aee pannero rrepaoaa. KpynHeHllIHMH H3 9THX nOBeCTBOBaHHH 51BNlIOTC5I p,Ba: "T oghail Bruidne Da Dearga" - "B351THe 3aMKa Da Dearga" H "T run Bo Cuailnge" - "nOXHI,!!eHHe KOPOB B KyaAbHre". nepBoe paCCKa3bIBaeT 06 ocane 3aMKa Da Dearga 6aHP,oH MOPCKHX Pa360HHHKOB H3 I1pAaHP,HH H DpHTaHHH H 0 CMepTH KOHblpe (Conaire H3 Konarios), KOPONI I1pJ\aHP,HH; BTopoe onaceraaer nanatJ:eHHe KOHHOTCKOH !!apH!!bI Medb (Medua) na Oxscrep C !!eAblO nOXHI,!!eHHH '1yp,ecnoro 6bI'IKa 40HHa.

1-'13 '1HCAa nacarexeii, TBOPHBllIHX nOCAep,HHe CTO AeT, Bblp,eNlIOTC5I 4yrAac XaHP, (Douglas Hyde), BbmYCTHBllIHH B1890 roay 'TaAbcKHH paCCKa3'1HK" ("An Sgeulaid he Gaedhalach") H p,pyme npOH3Bep,eHHH; n.O'AHpH (P.O'Leary), aBTOp P,ByX IIOBeCTeH - "WeP,Ha" ("Seadna", 1904) H "HHaB" ("Niamh", 1907), n4HHHHH

7

(P.Dinneen), aBTOp HCTOpH"leCKoro npOH3Bep,eHH.SI "KopMaK Ya KOHHblAb" ("Cormac Ua Connaill", 1901) H n.O'WeH (P.O'Shea), H3BeCTHblH rtozt nceBp,OHHMOM Conan Mao!. Cxeayer rarose ynoM.SIHYTb TaKHX nacarexeii, KaK J\.HaM O'<lhaapTH (Liam OFlaithbheartaigh), MapTHH O'KaHH (Mairtin 0 Cadhain), WeMac O'KeA.Slxap (Searnas 0 Ceileachair) H zip.

II. npOH3HoweHHe

H npaaonacanae

rOBOp.SlIgHe xa HpAaHP,CKOM .SI3blKe "c KOAbl6eAH" mHBYT na tore OCTpOBa B He- 60AblllHX paHOHax YOTep<popp,a, 3anaP,Horo KopKa H 3anaP.Horo KeppH (MYHcTepCKHe P,HaAeKTbl), na 60Aee 06111HPHbIX apeaAax na sanaae H na cesepe, cpeaa KOTOPblX Bblp,eA.SlIOTC.SI KOHHeMapa (3an. rOAseH), MeHo H 40HeroA.

MomHO npHMepHo HaMeTHTb xererpe p,HaAeKTa: 1) BOCTO'IHOMYHcTepCKHH (YoTep<pOpp,) , 2) 3anaP,HoMYHcTepcKHH (KOpK H KeppH), 3) 3anaP,HblH KOHHOTCKHH (r OABeH, MeHo, OCTPOB Appaa) H 4) cesepaerii p,oHeroAbcKHH. B HaCTO.SlIgeH pafiore aaaa CTaHP,apTHa.SI "uncoxssaa" aopxra npOH3HOllleHH.SI, HaMHaAeKTHoe KOHHa, B OCHOBY xoroporo noxoaseasr sanaaaere p,HaAeKTbl. B He06xop,HMblX CAY'Ia.SIX p,aIOTC.SI YKa3aHH.SI aa oc06eHHOCTH npOH3HOllleHH.SI B OTp,eAbHbIX p,HaAeKTax.

fAaCHble

nEPENIHE

[i:] p,oArHH, 3aKpblTblH, Hanp.SlmeHHblH, 6AH30K no Ka'IeCTBY K PYCCKOMY u.

[i] KpaTKHH [i:].

[e:] p,OArHH, noxysaxpsrreri], 6AH30K K HeMe!!KOMY [e:] B CAOBe Mehl (pyccxoe e B ceu).

[e] KpaTKHH, noxysaxpsrrerii, 6AH30K K aHrAHHcKoMY [e] B CAOBe pen.

[£:] p,OArHH, OTKPblTblH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY 3.

8

CPElU-Il1E

[y:] .lJ.OAfHH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY bl. Ivl KpaTKHH [y:].

[ d] KpaTKHH pe.IJ.Y!!HpOBaHHbIH HeHTpaAbHblH f AaCHbIH, 6AH30K K nOCAe.IJ.HeMY 6e3Y.lJ.apHOMY e B PYCCKOM Bepe.

[a] KpaTKHH, nOAY3aKpbITbIH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY a B CAOBe nan, [a] KpaTI<HH, nOAY3aKpbITbIH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY R B CAOBe .!lRX.

3NtHI1E

[u:] .lJ.OArHH, 3aKpblTblH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY y. [u] KpaTKHH, 60Aee OTKPbITblH, '{eM [u:].

[0:] .lJ.OArHH 3aKpblTblH, 6AH30K K HeMe!!KOMY [0:] B CAOBe wohl. [ 0] KpaTKHH, 6AH30K K aar AHHCKOMY [;)] B CAOBe pot.

[a.] .lJ.OArHH, noxyaaxperrerii, 6AH30K K aHfAHHcKOMY [o.] B CAOBe law.

nOJ\Yf J\ACHbIE

[j] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY U.

[ w] 6AH30K K aar AHHCKOMY [w].

lU1<1lTOHfl1

Bce .lJ.H<pTOHfH j1BNUOTCjI HHCXOMIgHMH H nOAY.lJ.OArHMH. [ar] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY au B CAOBe MaU.

[iiI] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY au B CAOBe ttau.

[id] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY U3 C ynapeaaesr aa u.

9

[au] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY ay C Y,/lapeHHeM Ha a. [OU] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY oy.

[us] 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY Y9.

Cor AaCHbie

[p] rAYXOH, CMbI'iHbIH, ry6HO-ry6HOH.

[p'] naAaTaAH30BaHHbIH [p].

[b] 3BOHKHH, CMbI'iHbIH, ry6HO-ry6HOH; B KOHije CAOBa cAa60 03ByqeH.

[b'] naAaTaAH30BaHHbIH [b].

[m] 3BOHKHH, CMbI'iHbIH, ry6HO-ry6HOH.

[m'] naAaTaAH30BaHHbIH [m].

[f] r AYXOH, l!!eAeBOH, ry6Ho-3y6HOH.

[f'] naAaTaAH30BaHHblH [f].

Ivl 3BOHKHH, l!!eAeBOH, ry6Ho-3y6HOH.

Iv'l naAaTaAH30BaHHbIH, ry6Ho-3y6HOH.

[t] r AYXOH, CMbNHbIH, nepe,llHeSl3bI"IHbIH; B KOHije CAOBa cAa60 03ByqeH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY [t].

lt'l naAaTaAH30BaHHblH [t], 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY [t'] B CAOBe merna.

I1MeeT CBHCTSll!!HH npH3BYK [s'].

[d] 3BOHKHH, CMbI'iHbIH, nepe,llHeJt3bI'iHbIH; B KOH{!e CAOBa cAa60 03ByqeH, 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY [d].

[ d'] naAaTaAH30BaHHblH [d]; HMeeT CBHCTJtl!!HH npH3BYK [Z'], 6AH30K K PYCCKOMY ,4b.

10

_ [s] r.JI.YXOH, I!!e.JI.eBOH, 6.J1.H.30K K aar .JI.HHCKOMY [s].

U] r.JI.YXOH, I!!e.JI.eBOH, naAaTOaAbBeONlpHbIH,

6.J1.H30K K PYCCKOMY .3BYKY B CJlOBe l:Y,U, HO KpaTKHH.

[I] .3BOHKHH, 60KOBOH, 6.J1.H.30K K TBepp,OMY PYCCKOMY A, HO CnHHKa ~.3bIKa n.JI.OTHee npaxeraer K He6y.

m .3BOHKHH, 60KOBOH, 6JlH.30K K aHfJlHikKOMY [I] B CJlOBe lot.

[I'] naJlaTaAH.30BaHl-IbIH [I], 6JlH.30K K HTaAb~HCKOMY [I] B C.JI.OBe figlio.

[I'] naJlaTaAH.30BaHl-IbIH [I], 6.J1.H.30K K PYCCKOMY [I'] B C.JI.OBe AM.

[n] .3BOHKHH, nepeP,He~.3bI'IHbIH, 6.J1.H.30K K PYCCKOMY H.

[n'] na.JI.aTaAH.30BaHHbIH [n].

[r] .3BOHKHH, nepeP,He~.3bI'IHbIH; HepaCKaTHCTbIH, Pa.30BbIH, 6.J1.H.30K K PYCCKOMY p.

[r'] na.JI.aTaAH.30BaHHbIH [r].

[k] f.JI.YXOH, CMbI'IHbIH, .3aP,He~.3bI'IHbIH.

[k'] naAaTa.JI.H.30BaHHbIH [k].

[g] .3BOHKHH, CMbl'lHbIH, .3a;'l;He~3bl'lHbIH; B KOH!,!e CJlOBa cJla60 O.3BY'IeH.

[g'] naAaTaAH.30BaHHbIH [g].

[I)] .3BOHKHH, CMbI'IHbIH, HOCOBOH, 3a;'l;He~3bl'lHbIH.

[G] cne!,!Hq>H'IeCKHH Hp.JI.aH;'I;CKHH 3a;'l;HeHe6HblH 3BYK, 3BOHKHH, Ige.JI.eBOH; B03P,YX aHepfH'IHO nponycKaeTC~ 'Iepe3 y3KYW Ige.JI.b MeLKP,Y OTO;'l;BHHyTOH aasaa cnHHKOH ~3bIKa H 3aP,HeH 'IaCTbW He6a.

C.JI.efKa HanOMHHaeT YKpaHHCKoe z, HO ~BNleTC~ fOPa.3p,O 60Jlee Hanp~LKeHHbIM; apTHKYJlHpyeTcH TaM LKe, rae H [g].

11

[x] r.ll.YXOH, I!!e.ll.eBOH, 6.11.H30K K PYCCKOMY X.

[~] r.ll.YXOH, I!!e.ll.eBOH, Cpe.a.HeR3bl'iHbIH, 6.11.H30K K PYCCKOMY xe, B MYHCTepCKOM .a.H8..11.eKTe rrepexozsrr B [h].

[h] r.ll.YXOH, cpapHHra.ll.bHblH, 6.11.H30K K aHr.ll.HHCKOMY [h].

HUaAH,sagHH

A, a, 6, 0, U, u rroaaeprarorcs Ha3a.ll.M.sa!.!HJof rrepea mh, a TaKme nepea nn, npM'ieM a 06pa:ayeT C mh, m H nn HOCOBble .a.HcpTOHrH:

samh [s4:v] '6e.sonaCHbIH', samhradh [sa uro] '.II.eTO', comhartha [ko.rha] 'saax', comharsa [ko.rsa] 'cocea', fomhar [fo:r] 'oceas', cumhacht [kux«] 'B.II.aCTb',

Y llapeHHe H llOArOTa

cumha [ku.] 'rope',

cung [kunjg] 'Y3KHH', tomhas [to:s] 'H.sMepRTb', ramhar [raur] 'TO.ll.CTbIH', am [aum] 'BpeMR',

ceann [k'aun] 'roxoaa',

H np.

Craaaapraoe apxaazcxoe yaapeaae naaaer Ha nepBblH cxor H JlBAAeTCR aacroxsKO CH.II.bHbIM, 'iTO see nOC.II.e.a.YK>I!!He KpaTKHe r xacasre npOH.sHOCHTCR HeRCHO, pe.a.Y!.!HPYRCb B [d]: macalla [makalo] 'SXo'.

40.ll.rHe r xacaere H .a.HCPTOHrH, BCTpe'iaK>I!!HeCH BO BTOPOM H.II.M B rpereesr cxore, HMeK>T acrtoaorarexeaoe yaapeaae: garsun [gar.su:n] 'MMb'iHK', sibhialta ['ji,v'idltd] '!!HBH.II.H.sOBaHHbIH', amadan ['amd,da'n] 'aypax'.

O.a.HaKO B aexoropsrx cxysasx nepBblH cxor 6blBaeT 6e.sy.a.apHbIM H .a.ame pe.a.Y!.!Hpyercs .a.o HYAA .sBYKa: aran [c'ra:n] 'X.I\e6', an t-aran [on'tra:n] 'X.I\e6' (c onpeaexeaHbIM apTHK.II.eM).

T aKYK> CHCTeMYHMeeT .sana.a.HbIH, appaHCKHH, .a.Ha.ll.eKT. B cesepoaarraaao«, .a.OHerO.ll.bCKOM, .a.Ha.ll.eKTe yzapeaae scerzia aa nepsov cxore; B nOC.II.e.a.YK>I!!HX cxorax rxac-

12

Hble ~S.lUnOTC~ 6eSY,lI,apHbIMH H KpaTKHMH. CXO,lI,HM KapTHHa Ha6AlO,lI,aeTC~ H S raxsCKOM ~SbIKe WOTAaH,lI,HH.

B lOmHOM, MYHCTepCKOM, ,lI,HaAeKTe, HanpOTHS, yaapeaae aceraa naztaer Ha ,lI,OArHH rAaCHbIH, KaKOe 6bI MeCTO OH HH SaHHMaA S CAOSe: amadan [oma'da:n] 'aypas', OPH HaAH"IHH ztsyx ,lI,OArHX rAaCHbIX nepSbIH rAaCHbIH repxer ,lI,OArOTY, CTaHOS~Cb 6eSY,lI,apHbIM HAH nOAY"IM sropocreneaaoe yztapeaae: t6gail [,to'gfd] ·CTPOHTb'.

M YHcmep Apoan

AOHezo.l1

bradan

. ,

AOCOCb

[bro'da:n] [mo'ra:n] [or'da.g]

['bra,dA'n] [rno.ran] ['or,do'g]

['braddn] [rno.ran] [ordag]

moran

, ,

MHoro

ord6g

'60AbWOH naxej;'

KpOMe roro, S MYHCTepe Y,lI,apHbIM Rs~eTCR CY!P!PHKC -ach: bealach [b'o'Iax] ',lI,0- pora'; cp, sartaaaoe [b'alox]. Corwacasre SSYKH MOryr 6bITb TOAbKO KpaTKHMH.

J1pAaH,lI,CKHH aA!paSHT COCTOHT HS 23 6YKS. npHMeH~eTc~ KaK AaTHHcKHH, TaK H HpAaH,ltCKHH Tpa,lI,Hj!HoHHbIH aA!paSHT, S 60Aee CTapO" !popMe xoroporo acnoxssoaa.J\HCb 6YKSbI r H f\ ' SnOCAe,lI,CTSHH saMeHeHHble COOTseTCTseHHO nponHCHbIMH R H S. B aacroatgee speM~ npeanoxreaae OT,lI,aeTCR AaTHHCKOMY aA!paSHTY.

AaTHHCKHH aA!paSHT: a, a, b, c, d, e, e, f, g, h, I, i, 1, rn, n, 6, 0, p, r, s, t, U, u.

npem,lI,e 6YKSbI aA!pasHTa HMeAH Ha3SaHHR ztepeseea H pacreaail: ailm 'S~3', beith '6epesa', coll 'opeuraax', dair ',lI,y6', edad 'ocaaa', fern • oxsxa', gort 'nAlOI,ij', idad 'THC', luis 'ropHbIH aceas'. muin 'sHHOrpa,lI,HM xosa', nin 'aceas', onn ',lI,pOK', pin ?, ruis '6ysHHa', sail 'asa', tinne 'OCTPOAHCT', ur 'TepHoSHHK'. 8TH Ha.3SaHHR HbIHe He ynorpeoxmorcs. EYKSbI Ha3bIsalOTC~ KaK S aHrAHHCKOM aA!paSHTe, sa HCKAlO"IeHHeM 6YKSbI a, KOTOPM Ha.3bISaeTC~ TaK, KaK npOH.3HOCHTC~.

MYT AUHOHHbIE H3MEHEHHH

Corxacasre p, t, c, b, d, g, m, f nonsepzseaer Onpe,lI,eAeHHOMY "Iepe,lI,OBaHHlO,

13

Ha3bIBaeMOMY AeHH!JHeH, HAH "acnapagaeii", B peayxsrare KOTOPOH OHH npespargaiorCH B CnHpaHTbI. 8TO H.3MeHeHHe crpazsaerca aa nHCbMe npH6aBAeHHeM h K KamP,OH H.3 p,aHHbIX 6YKB B AaTHHCKOM aAcpaBHTe H TO'lKH Hap, 6YKBOH B HpAaHp,CKOM TpaP.H!JHOHHOM axrpaaare:

bh =~.

gh = t'

H T.p,.

Corxacasre p, t, c, f H b, d, g nonsepzseasr 'Iepep,OBaHHIO, Ha.3bIBaeMOMY "saryxaHHe", npespatgaiorgeay rxyxae B .3BOHKHe, a .3BOHKHe B HOCOBble: bp > [b], t > dt [d], C > gc [g], f> bhf [w] HAH [v], b > mb [m], d > nd [n], g > ng [I)].

npaBHAa AeHH!JHH H saryxaaaa zraaer p,aAee (c. 39-41).

CAep,YIOI,YHe npHMepbl HAAIOCTPHPYIOT perpopay npasonacaaaa 1948 H 1953 rr.

L!eAb perpopvsr - YCTpaHHTb HenpOH.3HOCHMble 6YKBOCO'leTaHHH H YCTaHOBHTb eziaaoe

npaaonacanae P.AH scex p,HaAeKTOB.
1948 r. 1953 r.
aimhdheoin · ,
ainneom BonpeKH
amuigh amu · ,
caapyzsa
aoinfheacht eineacht, in e. · ,
BMeCTe
baoghal baol · ,
onaCHOCTb
biadh bia · ,
nHI,Ya
bliadhain bliain · ,
rozt
brigh brl · ,
.3Ha'leHHe
ceadna ceanna · ,,'
TOT me caMblH
claoidhim cloim · no6emp,alO ,
comhgar c6ngar • 6AH.30CTb'
comhnaidhe c6nai · ,
mHTb
congnamh cunamh · ,
nOMOI,Yb
cosamhail cosuil · ,,'
noxozsaa
doighirn doim · ,
mry
eadtrorn eadrom · ,,'
AerKHH
eagcoir eagoir · ,,'
aecnpasenxaaera
14 1948 r. 1953 r.
eirghe eirf , ,
BCTaBaTb,
, ,
CTaHOBHTbCH
fiafruigheann fiafrafonn , ,
cnpanraaaer
Gaedhilge Gaeilge , .. ,
HpAaH,I1,CKHH H3bIK
ithte ite , .. ,
C'be,l1,eHHbIH
laethamhail laethuil , .. ,
e*e,l1,HeBHbIH
leanbhai leanai . ,
,I1,eTH
lobhtha lofa , .. ,
rHHAOH
naomhtha naofa , ",
CBHTOH
Nodlaig Nollaig , ,
pO*,I1,eCTBO
riaghail riail , ,
npaBHAO
rioghdha rioga , .. ,
KopOAeBCKHH
seachtmhain seachtain , ,
He,l1,eAH
slothchain siochain , ,
MHp
siubhal siul , ,
XO,/1,HTb
timcheall timpeall , ,
soxpyr
tosnughadh tosnu , ,
Ha'iHHaTb H T.,I1,.
nUaTUH.3agHH AI060H cor AaCHbIH Mo*eT 6bITb HenaAaTaAH30BaHHbIM H naAaTaAH30BaHHbIM corAaCHO npaaaxy "Y3KHH C Y3KHM H WHPOKHH C WHpOKHM". aTO 3Ha'iHT, 'iTO AI060H "y3KHH", r.e, MHrKHH corAaCHbIH, aa nHCbMe ,I1,OA*eH rpaHH'iHTb CAeBa C i, a crrpasa C i HAH e H, Ha060pOT, "WHPOKHH" , T.e. TBep,l1,bIH corAaCHbIH, rpaaaxar CAeBa H cnpasa AHWb C "WHPOKHMH" rAaCHbIMH. "Y3KHe" rxacxere 0603Ha'ia1OTCH aa nHCbMe 6YKBaMH e, e, i, i. "WHpOKHe" - a, a, 6, 0, u, u. Pacnoxeiseaae ,I1,aHHbIM 06pa30M aa nHCbMe AI060H corAaCHOH 6YKBbI PH,I1,OM C "Y3KHMH" rAaCHbIMH 6YKBaMH YKa3bIBaeT na naxaTaAH3aj!HIO 0603Ha'iaeMOrO eto corxacaoro 3BYKa: tir [t'i.r'] 'crpaaa', deirim ['d'er'im']

. 'R rOBOplO', cigire [k'ig'ir'o] 'HHcneKTOp', suim [syrn'] 'CYMMa', 'aarepec'. Corwacasre, rpaHH'ial!!He C "WHPOKHMH" rAaCHbIMH HAH CTOHI!!He B HX oxpyzseaaa, HBAHIOTCH

HenaAaTaAH30BaHHbIMH: taobh [tE::V] 'CTOpOHa', lae [1E::] ',I1,HH'. •

15

BCTaBHOI{ r .ll.aCHbIH: [;)] * {* HIi2Ke BCTaBHOH: r AaCHbIH: He 6y zter YKa3bIBaTbCH Me2KJl.Y r.ll.aCHbIMIi B aaxaxe C.II.OBa.} nOHB.ll.HeTCH Me2KJl.Y C.II.eJl.YlOl!!IiMH COqeTaHIiHMIi cor xacasrx.

bl - bliain [b'o'l'ian'] 'roa', blath [bo'la.] '!JBeTOK';

br - brea [b';;)'r'a:] 'npexpacnsn!', bru [bo'ru.] 'Jl.aBIiTb';

en - cneasta [k'o'n'asta] 1i.ll.Ii [k'o'r'asta] 'Be2K.II.HBbIH:', cnamh [ko'na:v] 'KOCTb'; cI - cleas [k'o'I'as] 'npoaexxa', clo [ko'lo.] 'urpaqrr':

er - crioch [k'o'r'i:x] 'KoHe!J', craobh [ko're:v] 'BeTBb';

dl - dli [d'o'l'i.] '3aKoH'; IiCK.II.lOqeHHe codladh ['koi;;)] 'cnars': fI - fleasc [f'o'l'ask] 'BeHoK', flaith [f;;)'ia] 'npIiH!J';

gn - gniomh [g'o'n'i:v] H.II.H [g'or'i:v] 'nocrynox', gno [go'no.]

[ ] , ",

H.II.H go'ro: 3aHRTHe, Jl.e.ll.o;

gr - greann [g'r'aun] 'saoasa'. gra [go'ra.] '.II.1060Bb'; 1m - colm [kolarn] 'roxyoe,':

lg - bolg ['boi;;)g] '2Ke.ll.YJl.OK', Gaeilge ['gEi!';;>g'] 'IiPAaHJl.CKIiH: H3bIK'; mn - mna [mo'na.] H.II.H [rno'ra.] '2KeHl!!HHbI';

neb - Doncha ['don;;)x;;)] '.lloHaxa', '.lleHHc'; rb - borb [borob] 'HPOCTHbIH:';

rbb - dearbh ['d'ar;;)v] 'ysepeaasrii': reb - dorcha ['dor;)x;)] 'TeMHbIH:';

rg - dearg ['d'ar;;)g] 'KpaCHbIH:';

rm - Cormac ['kor;)m;:)k] 'Kopwax': rn - corn ['kor;)n] 'Ky60K';

tbn - aithne ['ah;:)n';;)] '3HaKoMcTBO', 'saaaae'.

B pa3rOBOpHOM H3bIKe [n] > [r] nocxe [g], [k] H[m], KaK YKa3aHO B npasrepax senne.

16

6YXBbI 3BYXH npHMepbI nOJlCHeHHII
a [1\:] ta[ta:] , , , ,
ecre , HMeeTCJl
ban [ba:n] '6eAbIH', ca [ka:] 'rne'
ai [a:] gaire ['gcb~] 'cMex'
baire ['ba:r'd] 'arpa'
Maire ['ma:r'd] 'MspH'
gabhail [gwa:l'] 'cxsarare'
a [a] as [as] 'H.3'
sagart ['sagdrt] 'CSJlryeHHHK'
agam ['agdm] 'y MeHJl ,
agat ['agdt] 'y Te6H'
againn ['agdn'] 'y Hac'
[d] annon [o'nu:n] 'TYAa' 8 6esY4apHOM nOAOlKeHHH
anois [d'nyIJ 'reneps'
areir [d'r'e:r'] 'ssepa aexepow'
ads [e'r'i]'] 'caona'
[e] ag [eg] 'v'. 'npa' 8 HCKJ\IO'iHTeAbHblX CJl Y'!aJlX
[ ]' , "
ar er aa , 0
[' l ' ,
arsa ersa CKa3aA
[a:] fearr [Fa:r] 'AY'JlIIe'
ard [a:rd] 'SbICOKHH'
[au] thall [haul] HAH [hal] 'TaM', Flepea II H nn B 04HOCJlOlKHblX CJlOBaX
, ,
no TY CTOPOHY
am [aum] HAH [am] 'speMJl'
[ ]' " , , ,
ann aun S HeM, S STOM , TaM
abh [au] abha [au] 'pexa'
abhac [auk] 'KapAHK', 'ropoya'
abhall [aul] 'Jl6AOHH'
abhar [aur] 'MaTepHaA', HO
abhus [d'WUS] 'no STY CTOPOHY' 17

nORCHeHHR

abh [au] cabhair [kaur'] 'nOMOI,gb'

dabht [daut] 'COMHeHHe' cabhlach ['kaul~] 'q>.lI.QT' leabhar [I' aur] 'KHHra'

eabhair [aur'] 'CAOHOBaJi KOCTb' fabhar [faur] 'ycxyra'

gabha [gaul 'KY3Hey'

gabhar [gaur] 'K03a', HO

gabhail [gwa:l'] 'cxaarara' gabhal [gaul] 'SHAbI'

labhairt [laur't'] 'paaroeapasare', 'rosopara'

tabhairt (taur't'] HAH [tu.r't'] '.z:r,aTb'

bh nepen WI{POKI{MI{ ~OArI{MI{ aaer [w]

adh [ail adhairt [air't'] 'noztyunca' adharc [airk] 'por'

adhmad ['aimdd] '.z:r,posa' fadhb [faib] 'npo6AeMa' gadhar [gair] 'cooaxa' tadhall [tail] 'xacareca' Tadhg [taig] 'TaHr' (HMR)

cleachtadh [k'l'axto] 'yrrpaaoerrsca' B KOHe'lHOM IIOAOmeHl{l{,

HO bheadh ['v'e:x] '6bIA 6bl (OH)'.

B 3alIa~Hb(X I{ cesepasrx ~l{aAeKTaX adh B Ha'laAbHOM nOAOmeHl{1{ nepez corAaCHblM [A:]: adhmad ['A:m;x:l] 'JtPOBa'.

ae [E:] tae [tE:] 'qaH'

laethanta [1E:h;;mt;;)] 'JI,HH' aer [e.r] 'SOBJI,YX'

ae [E:] 'nexeas'

Gael [gd] 'npencraaarexs raAbCKOH Hap0JI,HOCTH', 'rax' Gaeltacht ['gdtdXt] TaATaxT', T.e. apeax )fWSOrO HpAaH.z:r.cKoro R3bIKa Gaeilge ['gd';;)g';;)] HAH ['gd';;)g'] 'HpAaH,lI,CKHH RBbIK'

MYHcTep: ['gcl';7IIj]

18

liYXBbl 3BYI<H npHMepbl nORCHeHHR
agh [ai] aghaidh [aig'] 'AHYO' aghaidh t i] B /l,OHeroAbCKoM /l,HMeKTe
saghas [sais] 'COPT', 'BHA'
praghas [prais] 'yeHa'
[y:] laghad [ly:d], rasase [laid] B KOHe~HOM nOAOllleHHH
, He6oAbUloe KOAHQeCTBO ,
[y:] , [' ] , ,
ar mamai rna.my MaMa
pratai ['prA:ty'] 'KapToq>eAb' B Ha~IIAbHOM YAaPHOM cxore
ai [li] aire [lir~] 'aaoora'
baile ['blil'~] 'ropoa', 'P,OM'
ait [lit'] 'cTpaHHbIH'
abhaile [~'wlil'~] 'p,oMmi' B 6esY/l,apHOM nOAOllleHHH
[~] mathair ['mA:}"Qr'] 'MaTb' B OT/l,eAbHbIX CA~aJlX
obair ['obdr'] 'paoora'
[e] saibhir ['sevir'] '6oraTbIH'
daibhir ['devir'] '6eP,HbIH'
raibh [rev] '6bIA'
aige [eg~] 'y Hero' aige ['ig'e], aice [3k'i] B Myacrepe:
aice [ek~] 'v nee' aige ['aig'3] B cesepaeix AHueKTax
[y] baint [byn't'] HAH [ban't']
, , , ,
rporare , KaCaTbCH
mainchil!e ['myn}"Qla] 'pYKaB' nepe/l, II
al [ai] ail! [ail'], raiose [at] 'yrec', 'CKaAa'
fail! [fail'] 'CKaAa', 'Bo3MomHocTb',
, u,
cAyQaH
caint [kain't'], TaKme [k!ln't']
'pasrosapasara', 'fieceaoaare'
aimh [av'] OTpHgaTeAbHaH npacrasxa aimh [lji] B Myacrepe:
[av'] : aimhriar ['av', r'idr] aimhleas ['ljiI'3S] 'HeAOCTaTOK'
'6ecnopHP,oK' . 19

6YXBIrI 3BYXH npHMep'" nORCHeHHII
aidh [ail aidhm [aim'] \te.l\b ,
rag'] iarraidh ['idr~'] 'npoczrs", 'nsrrarscs' B KOHue eMBa S OT,IlCAbHblX CA)"IUX
i ndiaidh [d'nidg'] 'nocxe'
uaidh [Udg'] 'OT Hero'
[a] tus an tsamhraidh [tu.sen'taure] B KOHUe CAosa OKOH'IaHHC PO,ll. n .
, , • aidh
Haqa.l\O .l\eTa
aigh [ail aghaidh [aig'] '.I\HijO'
saighditiir ['said'u:r'] 'coxaar'
saighdeadh ['said'a] 'noacrpexare'
saighnean ['sain',!'n] 'MO.l\HHSI'
[y:] saighead [sy:d] 'crpexa' B OT n.CAbHbIX CA)"IUX
[a] faigh [fa] 'noxyxa', 'aocraas'
aim [aim'] aimsear ['aim'far], TaKme ['amJ~r]
, ,
BpeMSI
air [!:r'] cairde ['kA:r'd'a] ',lJ,PY3bR' nepen. d
cairdeas ['kA:r'd'as] ',lJ,pym6a'
aird [A:r'd'] 'aanpasxeaae'
all [aul] gall [gaul], TaKme [gal] 'HHoCTpaHeij' B O/.IHOCAOlKHbIX cxcaax
H.I\H mall [maul] 'Me;!l,.l\eHHblH'
[!:I] dall [daul] 'c.I\enoii'
thall [h!:I] 'TaM'
amh [C\u] amhlaidh ["ul~'] 'TaKHM 06pa30M'
amhran [au.ran], TaKme [oran]
, ,
neCHR
amhras [<l urss] 'COMHeHHe', TaKlKe [aur'as]
, ,
nO;!!,03peHHe
Samhain [saun] 'HOR6pb'
samhradh [saura] '.I\eTO'
samhail [saul'] ''ITO-TO noaooaoe'
namhaid [naud'] H.I\H [n!:wdd'] 'spar' 20

amh ray] amharc ['aVdrk] 'SHlI.', ':apeAHl,ije' annamh [' ansv] 'pease': CYCPCPHKC orraaroxsaoro HMeHH -amh [ev] deanamh ['d' e:n;;N] 'lI.eAaTb'

6YXBbI 3B)'ICH npHMepbl

nOJlCHeHHJI

B KOHe"lHOM nOJlOIKCHHH. [u:] Ha cesepe I1pJl8H,D.HH: deenamh ['d'ionu] ',D.CJl8Tb'

ang [C\urj] sreang [sr'C\urj] HAH [sr'lhJ] 'sepeaxa',

HAH 'npOSOAOKa'

[aIJl rang [r~IUJJ HAH [rarj] 'xxacc'

[] [] , '"

ann aun ann aun S HeM, TaM

clann [klaun], TaK2Ke [klan] 'lI.eTH' erann [kraun], TaK2Ke [kranJ 'aepeao' ceann [k' aun], TaK2Ke [k' an] 'rOAOBa' fann [faun], TaK2Ke [fan] 'cAa6bIH' gann [gaun] 'CKYlI.HbIH'

rann [raun], TaK2Ke [ran] 'xacre'

KaK npaBHJlO, B O,D.HOCJlOIKHbIX CJlOBaX

ar [a.r] ard [a.rd] 'SbICOKHH'

ceard [k'a.rd], TaK2Ke [k'e:rd] 'TOprOBNI'

arr

[a:r]

barr [ba:r] 'sepnraaa' fearr [f' a: r] 'AyqWHH'

carr [kA:r] 'nOS03Ka', 'aSTOMo6HAb' cearr [k'a:r] 'HenpaBHAbHbIH'

gearr [g'a:r] 'pe2Kb', HO gearradh [g'MIdJ 'pesara'. tarraing ('tardIJ'] 'TRHYTb'

B O,D.HOCJlOIKHbIX CJ\OBax

npH ,D.06aBJleHHH cJlora

[6J > [II]. [a]

ao

[E:]

aon [e:n] 'Oll.HH'

eaoga [kE:g;] 'nHTb,lI,eC.IIT' taobh [tc.v] 'CTopOHa'

gaoth [gE:), baol [bd) 'onacaocrs' caor [kar] 'arona', caol [kcl] 'Y3KHH' daol [de.l] '2KYK'

daor [de.r] ',lI,OpOrOH'

gaol [gE:l] 'P0,lI,CTBO'

saol [sc.l] '2KH3Hb'

[ ]' u" 6 u'

saor se.r ,lI,eWeSbIH, cao O,lI,HbIH

maol [mel] 'AblCbIif

B HCKOTOPblX CJlOBaX nap8JIJ\CJlbHO [c:] H [y:]:

laoch [lc:X] H [Iy:x] 'repoK·. naomh [ncv] H [ny:v] 'CBJlTOK' H T.,D..

21

6YXBbl .3BYXH fipHMepbl fiORCHeHHR
[y:] caora [ky.ra], raxace [kE:1d] 'osga'
aoi [y:] caoi [ky:] 'cJ\Y'iaH', 'B03MomHocTb' B OTAeAbHblX CJlOBaX [c:]:
caoin [ky:n'] 'HemHbIH' naoi [Y:] Ii [c:] 'AeBII1:b'
maoin [my:n'] '6oraTcTBo'
[i:] aoi [i:] 'rocrs', 'nocroaxeu' B HaqaJlbHOM nOJlOlKeHli1i
aois [i:J] 'B03pacT'
[ e:] aoinne HJ\H einne [e:n~] , A1060H 'ieJ\OBeK', B AaHHOM CJlOBe
, ,
KTO yronao
[£:: ] aoire [£::r~] 'nacryx', TaKme [i:r'~]
b [b] bad [bA:d] , ,
J\o,z:r.Ka
brf [b'r'i:] , ,
.sHa'ieHHe
bth [p] leabtha > leapa [l'apd]
poa, n. e,z:r..'i. OT leaba 'nocrexs'
bh [v] bhearsa [v'e.rso] 'CTHX' Bceraa C Y3KHMH rJlaCHblMIi
craobh [krc:v] 'BeTBb' Ii B KOHeqHOM nOJlOlKeHHII.
4aCTO C WIlPOKIIMII
taobh [u::v] 'cropoaa' rJlaCHblMH. B HaqaJle CAOBa
He marbh [marov] 'MepTBbIH' . JlHWb B IIHOCTpaHHblX 3a1lM-
npOH3- ar na mallaibh fer na 'ma.ly ] CTBOBaHlIlIX H B pe3YJlbTaTe
JleHH~HH: mo bhean [rna v'an]
CHTCH (no HOBOH oprporpaqiaa ar na mallai ) 'MOll lKeHa'. C WHPOKIIMII
, , r JlaCHblMH [w]:
B He,z:r.aBHO
KOHge rno bha:! [rna w~d]
MOll JlO,D;Ka
[w] fo-bhaile ['fo,wal~] , ,
nparopoa
bha [u:] mearbhall [rn'a'ru.l], raiose ['m'a~l]
'6e.sYMHe ,
arbhar [o'ru.r] '3epHO', 'XJ\e6a'
C [k] ca? [ka:] 'r,z:r.e?', ce [k'e:] , KTO?'
ch [x] each [ka.»] 'Kam,z:r.bIH' C WIlPOKHMII rJlaCHblMH B
coileach [kyl'dX] HJ\H [lGTax] (lOr) , , HaqaAe CAOBa BCTpeqaeTCR
neTyx scxeacraae JleHH!!III1:
choiche [Xy:~d] 'naxorna' rno chlu [rna xlu.] 'MOll cxasa'
chuig [xyg'] 'K', 'K HeMY' Ii B peAKliX CAyqaJIX
chugam [xugom] 'KO MHe' 22

liyxsbI .3SYKH npHMepbI nORCHeHHR
ch [x] chugat [xugot]: chuici [xyk'a] , u,
K HeH
chugainn [xugon'] H.il.H [XUdIJl , ,
K HaM
chugaibh [xugcv'] 'K saM'
chucu [xuka] 'K HHM'
[C;] cheithre [cer'a] OT ceithre [k' er'a] C Y3KHMH rAaCHblMH
, , B Ha~aAbHOM nOAo~eHHH
tJeTblpe B pesyxerare AeHH\PiH: rno cheann
chim [ci.m] '~ slimy' [rna o;aun] 'MOll roxosa', H B petJ;KHX
a cheile [d c;el'd] 'apyr' zipyra' cxyxasx
[h] o iche [i.he] 'HOtJb'
cheana [hand] 'yme'
char [har] 'He' B cesepaerx AHaAeKTaX
HO.il.b deich [d' e ] 'p,ecRTb'
3SYKa irOAbKO B tJ;aHHOM CAY'lae
d [d] daid [dad] 'nana'
deacair [d'akor'] 'TpyP,HbIii' nOCAe r orxyuraercs: cuardach
deabhadh [d'au] 'cneursa' [kuortax] 'acxare'
dh [G] rno dhuine [rna' Gyna ] 'MO~ BCTpe~aeTCli TOAbKO npH AeHHl,tHH C
tJe.il.OSeK , WHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH B Ha~aAbHOM
~oA~~eHHH. I1CKAIO~eHHe dha [Ga:]
ABa
[x] -odh: bhiodh [v'iex] '6bISaJI.' I1TepaTHBHOCTb; naCCHBHblH 3aAOr.
-adh: rugadh [rugax] 'poaaxca'
HO.il.b cogadh [kOgd] 'SO~Ha' B KOH!.!e CAOBa nOCAe a
3SYKa
[j] A Dhia! [d jia] '0, Eomer C Y3KHMH rAaCHbIMH. Bctpesaerca
TOAbKO BHa~aAbHOM nOAo~eHHH AHWb
npa AeHH!.!HH.
[g'] aibidh [ab'ag'] '3pe.il.bIii' Mosser HMeTb MeCTO HOAb 3ByKa. [g']
uaidh [udg'] 'OT Hero' npoH3HoCHTCli B OCHOBHOM B IO~HbIX
thuaidh [hUdg'] 'aa ceaepe' tJ;HaAeKTaX
aghaidh [aig'] '.il.ligo'
cruaidh [krusg'] 'rpy6bI~', 'CYPOBbl~'
reidh [re:g'] 'roTOBbI~'
i ndiaidh [d n'iog'] 'nocxe' 23

6YKBbI 3BYKH fipHMepbI fiORCHeHHR
e [ e:] se (fe:] 'urecrs': , , , ,
OH; 9TO
ea [e:] ean [e:n], [idn] 'rrraga' B cTapoii op<!>Orpa<!>HH eu: eun, feur,
HJ\H fear [f'e:r], [f'ior] 'rpaaa' beul. [i~] B IOlKHblX H B ceaepasrx
,!!,HaJl.eKTaX
lid] beal [b'e.l], [b'idl] 'POT'
Bearla [b'e.rla], [b'iJrIJ] 'aHrJ\HHCKHH
,
R.3bIK
[e:] teacs [t' e:ks] 'TeKCT' B aaHMCTBOBaHKRX
, [' ] . ,
vearsa v e.rsa CTHX
[e'] dinnear [d'in'er] 'o6e.1l.' B KOHe'lHOM cxore
pilear ['p'ile'r] 'nYJ\R'
[£:] realta ['n:::ltd] ·.3Be.3.11.a' flocAe Ha'laJI.bHOrO r
reabhloid ['rE:v,lo·d'] 'peBOJ\IOYHR'
npHCTaBKa reamh Irevl 'npea-'
e [J] Muire [myr'a] ·CB.MapHR' B KOHe'lHOM nOAOlKeHHH
ea [a] each [ax] 'KOHb' B Ha'laAbHOM nOAOlKeHHH
fear [far] • MymqHHa,
bean [b'an] 'meHI,gHHa', 'iKeHa'
seacht Uaxt] 'ceMb'
sean [fan] 'cTapblH'
is ea HJ\H sea [fa] ·.1I.a'
[e] beag [b' eg], TaKme [b' og]
, u,
MaJ\eHbKHH
[J] aisteach [aft'ax] 'cTpaHHblH' B 6eay,!!,apHOM nOAOlKeHHH
[au] Bealtaine [b'aultai'a] 'MaH'
eadh [ail leadhb [l'aib] 'rparnca' B y,!!,apHOM nOAOlKeHHH
eagh [ail teaghlach [t 'aibx] 'ceMbH' B y,!!,apHOM nOAOlKeHHH
eai [a] beairic [b'ar'ok] 'xasapaa'
meaisin [m'a.j'i:n] 'MarnHHa' 24

6YKBbI 3BYKH npHMepbI nOJlCHeHHJI
ei [e] eile [el'd] ',lI.pyroH'
eisean [efdn] 'Ii OH'
meisce [m'ejko] 'orrssaeaae'
[d] teibi [tab'i.] 'a6cTpaKTHblH' B 6e3YAapHOM [JOAOlKeHHH
[ail greim [g'r'aim'] 'KYCOK' TaKlKe [g'r'em']
eidh [ail feidhm [f'aim'] 'CHAa'
peidhleacan ['P'ail'dka'n] '6a60'lKa'
bheidhlfn ['v'ail'i'n] 'cxpanxa'
eigh [ail leigheas [l'ais] 'xexapcrso'
deighilt [d'ail't'] 'OT,lI.eNlTb'
eimh rev'] go deimhin [gd d'ev'an] 'KOHe'lHO' MYHCTep: [ga d'ain]
eimhear [ev'ar] 'rpaaar'
eo [0:] eol [0:1] 'saanae'
eo rna [o.rna] 'S!'IMeHb', HO
eochair [oxar'] 'KAlO'i'
fuiseog ['fy,fo' sl 'maaopoHoK'
eO! [0:] teoiric [t'o.rbk'] 'TeOpHR'
f [f] fada [fade] 'MHHHbrif
[f'] fear [far] 'MYIK'iHHa'
[h] nOCAe corxacaoro B rxar.cyrpq»: Orxyuraer npeAWeCTB)'IOl!!HH 3BOHKHH
-fad, -faidh, -feadh, -fidh cor AaCHbIH:
d'fheadfadh [d'e.ta] 'Mar 6bl'
H T .n; sa HCKAlO'ieHHeM CY<P<PHKCOB
2-ro A. en; 'I. COCA. HaKA. -fa, -fea
H Cy<P<pHKCOB, naCCHBHo-6e3AH'iHblX
<PO pM -far, -fear, -fi, -fal
B CAOBe rein [he:n'] 'caM'
fh HOJ\b an fhuinneog [dn'y,n'o'g] 'OKHO' npH AeHH!!HH f
3BYKa (onpen. <p0pMa; cp.: fuinneog,
neonpea, <p0pMa) 25

B)'KBI>I 3BYXH npHMepl>I nOJlCHeHHJI
g [g] ga [gA:] 'HY*.1la' 1. flepe.ll. WHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH
B Ha'laAbHOM nOAOlKeHHH
2. flepe.ll. Ii, 6, Ii B cepeaaae eAOBa: t6gail
[g'] gearr [g'A:r] 'KOPOTKHH'
gh [G] An Ghaeilge [d'GE:·1I'dg']
, HpJl.aH.1lCKHH HSbIK ,
[j] an ghealach [d'jtUdX] 'Jl.YHa , Flepea Y3KHMH rAaCHblMH
mlghniomh ['mi: .jn'i:v] 'SJl.O.1leHHHe' H naAaTaAH30BaHHblMH cor AaeHblMH
an Ghreig [;;l'jr'e:g'] TpeWUI'
HOJ\.b 6gh [0:] 'aesa', d6igh [do:] 'cnocoo',
, , B KOHe'lHOM nOAOlKeHHH; scerna nOCAe
cpe.1lCTBO WHPOKHX rAaCHblX
B rJl.ar.cyq>q>. -igh: cheannaigh [<;iind]
, , B cepenaae CAOBa YAAHWIeT
11 KynHJI.
righin [ry:n'] 'Me.1lJ\.eHHbIii' npe,ll.WeCTBy!ol,IjHii rAaeHblii i
[g'] uaigh [Udg'] 'MOrHJI.a', troigh [tryg'] B KOHlJe CAOBa nOCAe i B OT .lI.eAbHblX
, crena', 'q>yT' CAY'llUIX
gth [k] fagtha [fA:b] 'OCTaBJl.eHHbIH',
, OCTaBWHHCH ,
h [h] hanla [banlo] 'pYKOJITKa'
a haon [d 'hE::n] , ,
O.1lHH
f [i:] sf U'i:] 'OHa' 1. B Ha'laAe CAOBa
ioc [i:k] 'maTHTb' 2. B O.ll.HHO'IHOM nOAOlKeHHH
3. Henocpeacraeaao nocxe ccrxacusix
, [ "]' " ,
rn n I: He; Bel,ijb
[y] ri [ry:] 'KOP0J\.b' floeAe Ha'laAbHOrO r
rialta [rydltd] 'peryJ\.HpHbIH'
[y:] buioch [by:x] '6J1.arO.1lapHbIH' [Iocxe WHPOKHX rAaCHblX
sui [sy:] 'CH.1leTb'
bui [by:] 'meJl.TbIH' 26

6yt<BbI 3Byt<H npHMepbI nORCHeHHR
10 [i:] Iomha ['i:,wa] 'H306pa2KeHHe' B fla'lMbHOM IlOAOlKeHHH
Iochtar [i.xtcr] 'HH2KHjUI "IaCTb', H IlOCAe corxacnerx
, .. ,
ceaepasra
Iogair [i.gor'] 'OCTPbIH' (0 60AH)
f' [f"]' ,
IOn i.n SHHO
I [i] mise [m'ifd] 'H $I'
fir [fir'] 'MymqHHbI'
[d] cineal [k'a 'n'a.l] 'BHJI,', 'poa' B 6ellYiJ.apHOM IlOAOlKeHHH
iris ['ir'df] 'mypHaA'
mitis ['m'il'df] 'CAaJl,KHH'
[i:n'] . [ki ']' It" ,
mn cmn i.n rOAOBbl, rOAOBbl
linn [li:n'] 'c HaMH'
[ airj] Rinn [rairj] 'PaHHr' (Ha3BaHHe
HaceAeHHoro nYHKTa B ~YHcTepe)
rid] iall [idl] 'urHYPOK'
ciall [k'ial] 'pa3YM', 'CMbICA'
10 [i] ionann [inon] 'TOT me', 'TaKOH: me'
ionad [incd] 'MecTo'
fios [f'is] '3HaHHe'
[i: ] ionadh [i.no], TaK2Ke [u.ns] 'YJI,HBAeHHe'
[u] sioc (fuk] 'MOp03'
siot [Jut] 'urYM'
siopa UUPd] 'Mara3HH'
tiocfaidh [t'Ukd] 'npHJI,eT'
[u:] iornpar [u.mpor] HAH [impor] 'rpaacnopr' f1epeiJ. nil m
mion [m'u:n], ratose [rn'in] 'MaAeHbKHH:'
, [' ]' ,
rrnonn m u:n KAJlTBa
fionn [fu:n], TaK2Ke [fin] 'cBeTAoBoAOCbIH'
[d] iornlan [om'la.n] '!!eAblH:', 'sece' B 6ellYiJ.apHOM IlOAOlKeHHH 27

nOReHeHIIR

iu

[u:]

milliun ['m'i.l'u:n] 'MHAAHOH' fiuntach [f'untox] ')l.OCTOI'iHbIH'

[ju: ]

iill [ju:l] '3HaHHe'

[I]

la [IA:] 'lI.eHb' slat [slat] 'rrpyr'

capall [kapol] 'xourans" codladt [kola] 'COH' mala [mA:ld] 'MewOl<' folt [fait] 'SOAOCbl'

B KOHTaKTe C lUHPOKHMH P JlaCHbIMH B Ha'laJlbHOM, HHTepBOKaJlbHOM

H KOHe'lHOM nOJlOmeHHH, a TaKme

B KOHTaKTe C lUHPOKHMH COP JlaCHbIMH

B KOHTaKTe C lUHPOKHMH P JlaCHbIMH B nOJlOmeHHH JleHHl!HH H nocxe JleHHpOBaHHbIX COP JlaCHbIX

B KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH PJlaCHblMH B Ha'laJlbHOM, HHTepBOKaJlbHOM

H KOHe'lHOM nOJlOmeHHH H B KOHTaKTe C y3~HMH COPJlaCHbIMH

B KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH P JlaCHblMH B nOJlOmeHHH JleHHl!HH

ng

[I]

rna la [rna la] 'MOH lI.eHb'

an tslat [cn't]ar] 'rrpyr' (c apr.) rna shlat [ma 'hlat] 'MOH npyr'

B HHTepBOKaJlbHOM H B KOHe'lHOM nOJlOmeHHH

B OT.l\eJlbHbIX cJlyqaJIx B KOHe'lHOM nOJlOmeHHH

28

[I']

leabhar [I'aur] 'KHHra' leathanach [l'axaiax] 'CTpaHH!!a' chaill [xal'] 'norepsx'

cuisle [kufl' d] '*HAa'

cailc [kal'k'] 'MeA'

milis [rn' il' d J] 'CAa)l.KHH' file [f'il'd] 'nosr'

cailleadh [kal'u] (Cesep), [kal'dx] oo-, 3arralI.) '6blA yrpaxea', 'YMep'

[I']

rna leabhar [rna I' aur] 'MOH KHHra' rna leathanach [rna !'axdndx]

'MOH crpaaaga'

lean [ran] 'rrOCAelI.OBaA'

teanga [ t 'alp] 'H3bIK'

sreang [sr'aurj] 'nposoxoxa' ar nguth [arrju] 'Haw rOAOC'

cung [ku.rjg] 'Y3KHH'

6YXBbl .3BYXH npHMepbl nORCHeHHB
nn [n] rann [raun] HAH [ran] 'qaCTb' 8 KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH r.MCHbIMH
[n'] Iainne [fa:n~] HAH [fa:I)d] 'KoAbgo' 8 HHTepBOKaAbHOM H B KOHe'lHOM
Hrinne [f'i:r'dn'd] HAH [f'ir'dIJd] nOAOlKeHHH
, ,
npaBlI.a
m [m] muir [myr'] 'Mope , B KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH
iomai [d'my] 'MHOrHH'
[m'] mi [rn'i.] 'MecRg' B KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH rAaCHblMH
imirt [im'dr't'] 'arpara'
mh [w] a mhamaf! [d 'wa.my] , MaMa!' B KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH r AaCHblMH
06bl'lHO B Ha'laAbHOM nOAOlKeHHH
B pesyxsrare AeHHijHH
[v] B cyqxp. -arnh: deanamh [d' e:nd'l] Ha Ceaepe [uj.[d'isnu]
, aexan.': B npHCTaBKaX neamh [n'av]
H reamh [n::v].
CM. amh
B HOCO· CM. amh ,
BblX
/lH<jJTOH-
rax
[v'] go deimhin [gd 'd'ev'on], rarose B KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH rAaCHblMH
[gd 'd'ain] 'KOHeqHO'
n [n] nadur ['na:, duo r] 'npapona' B KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH
[n'] neart [n'arr] 'CHM'
rinn [ryn'], [r'iIJ] HAH [r'iiir.J]
, ,
OKOHeqHOCTb
[n'] cinnte [k'i:n't'd] , , nepeJl naAaTaAH30BaHHblMH,
KOHeqHO
roinnt [rain't'] 'xacre' r.e, Y3KHMH corAaCHblMH
6 [ 0:] 6r [o:r] '30AOTO'
bo [bo:] 'xoposa'
is docha [is'do.xo] , ,
BepoRTHo 29

6YXBbI 3BYXH npHMepbI nORCHeHHII
6 [u:] '[ l ' ,
no nu: HJ\H
6i [ 0:] maid [mo:d'] 'KNITBa'
d6ibh [do:v'] 'HM'
0 [0] bocht [boxt] '6e.ll.HbIii' B YAapHOM nOAOlKeHHH
moladh [mold] 'noxsaxa'
doras [dores] 'naeps'
[u] bosca [busko] 'Kop06Ka' B OTAeAbHblX CA}"!IIJIX
[d] colaiste [kdla:ft'd] 'KoJ\J\e.ll.LK' B 6e3YAapHOM nOAOlKeHHH
obh [ou] cobhlan ['kou,la'n] 'M.HTa' He B KOHe'lHOM nOAOlKeHHH
dobhar [dour] 'noaa'
fobha [foul 'pei1:£
lobhadh [lou] 'rHHTb'
[ov] crobh [krov] 'J\a.ll.OHb' B KOHe'lHOM nOAOlKeHHH
odh [ou] bodhar [bour] 'r J\yxoi1:'
todhchai ['tou,xy'] '6Y.ll.YlJJee'
[ 0:] modh [rno.] 'cnocoo', 'MeTO.ll.' B CY<!J<llHKce 6YAYI,ijerO BpeMeHH -odh
HJ\H tarlodh ['tar ,10'] 'CJ\j"IHTC.H'
[0' ] osclodh ['osk,lo'] 'o-rxpoer'
eiriodh ['ai,r' 0'] 'CTaHeT'
[x] bhiodh [v'i.ax] '6blBaJ\' B rAarOAbHOM cy<!J<!JHKce areparaanoro
npourezurero BpeMeHH -odh
ogh [ou] ogham [oum], ratose [o.m] 'orau'
foghlaim [foulan'] 'Bblj"IHTb',
, ,
pa.3Y'-IHBaTb
rogha [rou] 'oT60pHa.H BelJJb'
foghar [four] '.3BYK'
toghadh [tou] 'BbI6HpaTb'
oi [y:] croi [kry.] 'cep.ll.\!e' OOCAe corxacaoro
cloi [kly.] 'n06eLK.lI.aTb'
choiche [XY:C;d] 'naxoraa' 30

6)'KBbl BB)'KH npHMepbl nORCHeHHR
of [i: ] oiche [f:hd] , , B Ha"laAbHOM nOJ\OlKeHHH. nocJ\e
HO'Ib
HenaAaTaAH30aaHHoro KOHe"lHOrO
cor xacaoro npeJlblA)'I,I!ero cxoaa
[y:]: an olche [;10' y:ha] 'HO"lb'
[i] oide [id'd] , , B Ha"laAbHOM nOJ\OlKeHHH
01 yqHTe.l\b
nOJl YJlapeHHeM
[ir'] , , nocJle HenaAaTaAH30aaHHoro
Olr BOCTOK
KOHe"lHOrO cor JlaCHOrO npeJlblJlYl1lero
cxosa [y]: an oide [an' yd's]
)"'IHTeJ\b
[e] oifig [ef'dg'] 'xoaropa' B HeMHOrHX cJ\)"'IaJlX
oiread [er'ad] 'CTO.l\bKO'
[d] oiliuint [d'l'u:n't'] 'BOCnHTbIBaTb' B 6e3YJlapHOM nOJ\OlKeHHH ao acex
coinsias [kdn'JidS] 'coaecrs' CJ\)"'IaJlX
coisi [kd:r i:] 'nemexoa'
coinnioll [ko'n'i.l] 'ycxosae'
coin in [kc'n'i:n] 'KP0.l\HK'
[ail foilsiu ['faiI'Ju'], raxace ['foIJu'] B peJlKHX CJ\)"'IaJlX
, ony6.1\HKoBaTb ,
soilsiu ['saiI'Ju'], rarose ['soI'Ju']
, ,
ocaeigare
soinnean ['sai,n'A'n], TaKme ['sy,n'A'n] -
, ,
rropsra serpa
[y] cloigeann [klyg'on] 'xepen , nocJ\e corJ\aCHoro
La Coille [Ia: kyl'd] 'HOBOrO.ltHHH .lteHb' H nepeJl OJlHHO"lHblMH corJ\aCHblMH
a 0JlHOCJ\OlKHbIX cxoaax,
coinne [kyn'a] 'MecTo BCTpe'lH' TaKlKe a y JlapHOM npeJlOOCJ\eJlHeM
coin neal [kyn'dl] 'caexa' cxore rtepea JlaOiiHblMH
coileach [kylox] 'neryx' corJ\aCHblMH
coir [kyr'] 'npecrynxeaae'
doigh [dyg'] '60.l\b'
doiligh [dyl'dg'] 'Tpy.ltHbIH'
doineann [dynon] '6ypSl' ,
, ,
nxoxaa noroaa 31

Ii)'KBbl .3BYKH npHMepbl

nORCHeHHR

01 lvl foinse [fyn'Jd] 'HCTO'lHHK' foireann [fyr'dn] 'KOMaH,lI,a' foirm [fyr'om'] 'rpopva' goin [gyn'] 'pasa'

goid [gyd'] 'aoposare' loingeas [lyrjds] '<pAOT' roimh [ryv'] '/1,0'

soineann [syn ';:m] 'XOPOWruI 110rO/1,a' soir [syr'] 'na BOCTOK'

sroichint [srycaa't'] 'P,OCTH'Ib'

[y] pointe [pyn't'd], [py.rr't'a] 'TO'lKa'

HAH proinn [pryn'], [pry:n'] 'eaa', 'rpanesa' [y:]

[y] cloisint [klyfdn't'], [klofdn't'] 'cxsrurara'

HAH toirchim [tyr'ocam'], [tor'acom'] 'ogerreaexae'

[0] toirmeasc [tyr'om'ask] [tor'am'osk] 'npensrcrsae' toirt [tyr't'], [tor't'] 'Macca'

toisc [tyfk'], [tofk'] 'TaK KaK'

troid [tryd'], [trod'] '6011'

[0] coirce [kor'k'a] 'osec'

eoirt [kor't'] 'xopa'

cois [koj] '6AH3KO'

eoite [kot'o] 'Ao/1,Ka'

coiteann [kot'an] '06l!!HH'

croinic [kron'ak] 'xponaxa' doicheall [docol] 'He/1,pymeA106He' droichead [droc;:;:x:l] 'MOCT'

seoil [skol'] 'nncoxa'

soitheaeh [SOhdX] 'cocy /1,', 'cy /1,HO' toice [toko ] '60raTcTBo'

toil [tol'] 'BOMI', 'meAaHHe' toirbheart [tor'v'ort] '/1,aBaTb' toircheas [tor'cos] '6epeMeHHocTb' toit [tot'] 'P,bIM'

MHOrHe CAOBa

C ytlapHblM lueMeHTOM -ois: [of]

32

liYKBbl .3 BYKH npHMepbl nOJlCHeHHJI
oidh [ail foidhne [fain';:)] "repneane' He B KOHe'lHOM nOAO)KeHHH
oidhre [air'd] 'HaCAe,ll,HHK', HO
oidhe [i:] 'paspyureaae'
oigh [ail loighic [laik'] 'AOrHKa' He B KOHe'lHOM nOAO)KeHHH
oigheann [ain] 'ne-n,'
oighear [air] 'Ae,ll,'
roighne [rain'd] 'oT60pHoe'
stroighin [strain] 'geMeHT'
[yg'] toigh [tyg'] ',lI,OM' B KOHe'lHOM nOAO)KeHHH
troigh Invs'I 'crona', , <PYT ,
doigh [dyg'] '60Ab'
oill [y:l'] coill [ky:I'], raiose [kyl'] Ii [kail'] , ,
Aec
moill [my:!'] 'aaztepzsxa'
oimh [yv'] coimhling [kyv'I'orj] 'COCTJl3aTbOI'
roimh [ryv'] ',lI,O', 'nepea'
[y] coimhlint [kyv'I'ori't'] 'COCTJl3aTbCJl'
coimheascar lkvv' dsbr] '60i1:'
coimhdeach [kyv'd'ox] 'CrIYTHHK', HO
doimhin [dev'dn'], 'raxase [dain']
, r Ay60KHi1:'
omn [y:n'] pro inn [pry.ri'] 'rrpaneaa'
011 [ ou] 011 [oul], rarcase [01] '60Abllioi1:'
poll [poul], raroxe [pol] 'JiMa', , ,
HAH ,lI,blpa, HO
[0] ollamh [oldv] 'nporpeccop'
om [oum com [koum], [kom] ',lI,OAliHa' 8 OI\HOCAO)KHbIX cxoaax
HAH crom [kroum], [krom] 'KPliBOi1:'
[om] 10m [Ioum], [10m] 'roAbli1:'
trom [troum], [trom] 'TJlmeAbli1:'
drom [droum], [drom] 'cnaaa' 33

6YXBbi .3BYXH npHMepbl nORCHeHHR
omh [9:] Flpncrasxa comh- [ko.] :
comhair [ko.r'] 'rrpacyrcraae , 8 Y4apHOM nOAomeHHH
comhaireamh [kor'av] 'C'IHTaTb'
comhairle [kc.r'I'a] 'coser'
comhar [ko.r] 'COTPY.lI.HH'IeCTBO'
comharsa [ko.rss] 'cocea ,
comhartha [ko.ha] '3HaK ,
cornhlucht [ko.laxt] 'KoMnaHHH'
tomhas [tQ:s] 'Mepa ,
on [on] conson [konssn] 'corAacHblH'
dona [dona] 'rrxoxoil'
[ ] , u,
sona sona C'laCTAHBblH
[un] conair [kunar'] 'aopora'
contae ['kun,tc'] 'rpaqicrso'
onc [oI)k] pone [ponk], [puajk] '.lI.eTaAb', 'TPY.lI.HOCTb'
HAH
[ u:I)k]
ong [0] drong [droq], [dru.n] 'roxna'
HAH
[u:]
[u] mong [rnun], [rnu.n] '60AOTO' 8 04HOCAOmHbIX CAOBax
HAH long [Iul)], [lu:l)] 'Kopa6Ab'
[u:]
onn foul bonn [boun], [bon] 'ocxoaaaae', 'MoHeTa'
HAH donn [doun], [don] 'KOpH'IHeBbIH'
[0] fonn [foun], [fan] 'm.eAaHHe'
tonn [toun], [ton] 'BOAHa'
bhronn [wroun] 'noaapax', HO
bronnadh [bronc] '.lI.aPHTb' 8 4BYCAomHbiX CAOBax
[ou] lonn [loun] 'CHAbHbIii' 8 04HOCAomHbIX CAOBax
[u:] [ , ] , ,
anonn d nu:n TY.lI.a 34

[p] proca [pro.ka] 'ropurox'

OYRSbl 3SYRH ilpHMepbl

ilORCHeHHR

or [0:] bord [bo:rd], [baurd] 'CTOJ\'

HJ\H borr [bo:r], [baur] 'xpyr J\bIi1', HO

[au] borradh [bora] 'YBeJ\H'IHBaTbcR'

Flpacrasxa corr- [kaur], [kor] 'cJ\Y'laiiHblii'

p

B KOHTaKTe C UlHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH

[p'1 peaca [p'akdJ 'rpex'

B KOHTaK'I'e C YSKHMH l'ABCHbIMff

ph

[f] oifig an phoist [ef'og' d fyft'] 'nO'lTOBaR KOHTopa'

[E'] a pheann [d faun] 'ero rrepo', 'pY'IKa' (.1WI nHcbMa)

r

[r]

ra [ra.] 'rosopara' rud [rud] 'BeIJJb'

m6r [rno:r] '60J\bIllOii' tarraing [tard!)'] 'TRHYTb' carr [ca:r] 'rexera'

rearnh- [n;:v] npxcrasxa 'nepea-' realta [r£: ltd] '.9Be3,lJ,a'

reabhloid ['rr::v,lo'd'] 'pesoJ\IO!JHR' ri fry:] 'KOpOJ\b'

riail [rYdl'] 'npasaxo' rith [ry] 'fierare'

B KOH'I'aKTe C WHPOKHMH rAaCHbIMH. 8 Ha'laAbHOM nOAomeHHH rrepea Y,lIapHblMH e. e, i , i.

HaXOAl!Cb B nOAOmeHI1H AeHHI,LHH. raxoe [r] naAaTaAH3yeTcII

lr'I rinne [r'in'd] 'caexax' leabhair [1' aur'] 'KHHrH'

8 KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH r AaCHblMH

tri [t'r'i:] 'TPH', 'nOCpe,ll,CTBOM'

rt [rt] sport [spo:rt], [spo.rt] 'ctioot'

HJ\H beirt [b'er't'] [b'ert'] ',/J,soe', '06a'

[rt]

s

[s]

samh [sib] 'crroKoHHbIH' agus [agds] '11'

8 KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH rAaCHblMH

35

[s]

[J]

se [fe:] 'OH'; 'urecra' sean [fin] 'cTapblH'

seod [jo.d] '~paro!.!eHHbIH KaMeHb' sf Ui:] 'osa'

sinn fein [fi:n' he:n'] 'Mbl caMH' siad r.fi~d] 'OHH'

baisteach [bA:ft'~x] '~omAb'

bais [bA:J] 'cMepTH' (poa.n, en.x.) siopa [fup~] 'MarasHH'

sionnach Uimx] 'xaca'

siUl [fu:l] 'XO~HTb'

is e (Je:], is f [Ii:]

is iad [Ji~]

sceal [jk'e.l] 'HCTOPHR' scriobh [jk'r'i:v] 'nacare' sli [fl'i:] 'nopora' sneachta [jn'axto] 'caer-' strioc [ftr'i:k] 'xepra', HO

smig [sm'ig'] 'noaoopoaox' speir [sp'e.r'] 'aeoo'

8 KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH rAaCHbIMH, KpOMe CIl1l3KH is [is] '!lTO ecrs'

is B CO'leTaHHH C MeCTOHMeHHIIMH B 06'beKTHOM nRAeme

8 Ha'laAe CJlOBa nepez; naJlaTaAH30BaHHblMH COrJlaCHblMH c, I, n, t, HO He nepea naAaTaAH30BaHHblMH m, p CpaBHH B cepeaaae CAOBa

ospideal ['ofp'a,d'e'l] '60JlbHH!!a'

sh

[h]

doshasta [dd'hA:std] 'Hey ~oBAeTBopeHHbIH'

8 KOHTaKTe C WHPOKHMH rJlaCHblMH

B KOHTaKre C y:BKHMH rJlaCHblMH

Sean - HCKJIIO'IeHHe

a Sheamais [d ce.mej] ',llmeHMc!' a Sheain! [~'<;A:n'] 'WOH!'

[t]

tar [tar] 'npaxozta' agat [agdt] 'y Te6H'

8 KOHTaKTe C Y3KHMH rJlaCHbIMH HM naAaTaAH30SaHHbIMH cor JlaCHbIMH

36

[ t']

te [t' e] 'TenAbIH'

teach [t'ax] '~OM'

tirim [t'ir'om'] 'cyxoii' titim [t'it'am'] 'naaara'

duit [dyt'] 'reoe', tri [t'r'i:] 'TPH'

BYKBbl .3 ByKH npHMepbl nORCHeHHR
ts [t] an tsaoil [an 'ty:l'] '>KH3HH' B Ha~aAbHOM nOAomeHHH nOCAe
(poa.n. ea.x.), an tslat [an 'tlat] 'npyr' apTHKNI
Tomas an T s ioda [td'ma:s ;m't'i:dd]
'Toxac WeAK08blii' (HCTOp. AH!.!O)
th [h] thios [hi:s] '8HH3Y' 8 Ha~aAbHOM nOAomeHHH
athair [ahar'] 'orej;' H a cepeaaae cxoaa. VlcKAIO~eHHe:
go raibh maith agat
mathalr [ma:hdr'] 'MaTb' [g:l rev mah ag;t] 'cnacH6o'
[d mo theach [rna 'cax] 'MOH ,lI,OM'
HOAb orthu [orho] 'sa HHX' 8 pe,ll,KHX CA)"laJlX
38YKa uirthi [irhi] 'aa HeH'
guth [gu] 'roxoc' 8 I(OHe~HOM nOAomeHHH
rith [ry] '6erH'
bJath [bla:] '!.!BeToK'
flaith [fla] 'IlPHH!.!'
u [u] lucht [luxt] 'AlO,lI,H'
tusa [tusa] 'rer'
turas [turas] '1l0e3,l1,Ka'
ullamh [ulov] 'rOT08'
[u:] tu [tu:] 'TbI ,
ur [u:r] 'C8emHH'
ciuin [k'u:n'] 'CIlOKOHHbIH'
cuis [ku:f] 'npaxana'
[u:] bhur [(v)u:r] 'Barn'
[d] acu [akd] 'y HHX'
ua [ud] uachtar [uoxtor] 'BepXHRR xacre',
, ,
lOmHaR tJaCTb
[ 0:] [ l ' U,
nua no: HOBbIH
uai [Ud] uaim [uom'] "OT MeHjI'
uaigh [Ud] chuaigh [XUd] 'ymex', HO
uaigh [Udg'] 'MOrHAa' 37

IiYKBbl .3BYKH npHMepbl nORCHeHHH
ubh [uv] ubh [uv] , u ,
HI1lJ,O
dubh [duv] ''1epHblj;i'
Ul [i] uile [il'~] 'sees' B IIa'iaAbHOM nOAO)KCHHH
uisce [ifk'~] 'BO,l1.a', HO
uirthi [ir'hi] 'aa Hej;i'
[ u:] uirlis [U:r1'df] 'I1HCTPYMeHT' T OAbKO B n.aHHOM cxyxae
[y] fuil [fyl'] 'KPOBo' Flccxe cor AaCHblX
duine [dyn'o] ''1eA-OBeK'
umh [4] umhaI [u.l] 'noKopHblj;i'
cumhacht [ku.xt] 'BAaCTb'
cumha [ku.] 'nexaxe , III. MYTaY;HH

OTAI1'1I1TeAbHOH '1epTOH I1pAaH,I1.CKoro, a TaKIKe 11 OCTaAbHblX KeAbTCKI1X H3bIKOB HBAHKlTCH MyralJ,l1l1. 1) Ha'laAbHbIH corAaCHbIH CAOBa, CAe,l1.YH orrpezexexasr» npasaAaM, rrperepnesaer 113MeHeHI1H. 2) Onpeaexeaasre Ha'laAbHble corxacaere sroporo KOMnOHeHTa CAOIKHoro CAOBa (r.e. B cepeziaxe CAOBa) sceraa noasepratorca MyralJ,1111 (AeHI1lJ,I1I1). Haxaxsasre MyralJ,1111 npOI1CXO,l1.HT BHyrPI1 onpenexeaasrx CI1HTarM, B CAOaax, CBH3aHHbIX CI1HTaKCI1'-1eCKOH CB5I3bKl: apTI1KAeM, '-II1CAI1TeAbHbIM, npl1THIKaTeAbHbIM MeCTOI1MeHl1eM, npenxoroxr 11 nOCAe,l1.YKlI,gI1M CYI,geCTBI1TeAbHbIM; MeIK,I1.y rxaroxsHOH npl1CTaBKOH 11 rAarOAOM.

C'II1TaeTCH, 'ITO CI1CTeMa Ha'-laAbHbIX MyralJ,I1H YCTaHOBI1AaCb KaK CAe,l1.CTBl1e peayxlJ,1111 KOHe'-lHbIX CAorOB 11 nepeMeIJ!eHI1H y,l1.apeHI15I. MyralJ,1111 - 9TO aCCI1MI1AHTI1BHble HBAeHI1H, Ha6AKl,l1.aeMble B TeCHO cnaHHHbIX CI1HTaKCI1'1eCKI1X CAOBOCO'-leTaHI1HX. B03- MOIKHO, pe,l1.yKlJ,I1H 6bIAa BbI3BaHa nOTpe6HOCTbKl ynorpetixare 60AbllIee, '1eM npeaszte, KOAI1'1eCTBO CAOB C 60AbllIeH, '-IeM npeasne, CKOpOCTbKl. KOHe'-lHbIH: rAaCHbIH: KaK 6bI nporxareraaxcs, CTaA pe,l1.ylJ,l1pOBaHHbIM 11 C Te'-leHl1eM BpeMeHI1 OTnM Boo6I,ge. Ho KOHe'-lHble r xacaere Bbll10AHHAI1 onpeziexeaaste rpaMMaTI1'-1eCKl1e <l!yHKlJ,I1I1, HBAHHCb rpaMMaTI1'-1eCKI1MI1 nOKa3aTeAHMI1. Kor tI,a xoaeaaere r xacnsre nepecraxa Bbll10AHHTb CBOI1 rpaMMaTI1'-1eCKl1e <l!yHKlJ,I1I1, 9TI1 <l!yHKlJ,1111 ,I1.0AIKHbI 6bIAI1 nepeiira K KaKI1M-TO tI,pymM nOKa3aTeAHM. 11 nOCTeneHHO <l!yHKlJ,1111 KOHe'-lHbIX rAaCHbIX CTaAI1 nepexoznrre

38

K HaqaJ\bHblM COrJ\aCHbIM, xoropsre, B CBOlO oxepens, rarose CTaJ\H noaaeprarsca aCCHMHARTHBHblM qepe,lJ.OBaHHRM no TeM me npHqHHaM, "ITO H pe,lJ.yKijHR H ornaaeaae KOHeqHblX r J\aCHbIX.

8TH xepeaosaaas H OKa3aJ\HCb TeMH 6J\arOnpI1RTHbIMH nOKa3aTeARMH, xoropsre B3RJ\H aa ce6R BbInOJ\HeHHe <PYHKijHH, yrpaxeaasrx pe,lJ.Y!,!HpoBaHHbIMH, a TO H COBceM OTnaBWHMH KOHeqHbIMH r J\aCHbIMH.

J.1pJ\aH,lJ.CKaR MYTa!,!HR npeacraaxeaa ,lJ.BYMR Pa3HOBH,lJ.HOCTRMH: J\eHHijHeH H 3aTYxaaaex.

AeHHgHR

AeHHijHR - aTO nepexozr HaqaJ\bHbIX corxacasrx HMeH, qHCJ\HTeJ\bHbIX H rJ\arOJ\OB B i,!!eAeBble.

b > bh [w] - nepea WHPOKHMH rJ\aCHbIMH,

[v] - nepea Y3KHMH r J\aCHbIMH;

C > ch [x] - nepezi WHPOKHMH H Y3KHMH rJ\aCHbIMH;

d > dh [G] - nepezi WHPOKHMH rJ\aCHbIMH,

[j] - nepea Y3KHMH rJ\aCHbIMH;

f > fh [HOJ\b 3BYKa] - rrepea WHPOKHMH 11 Y3KHMH rAaCHbIMH;

g > gh [G] - nepezt WHPOKHMH rJ\aCHbIMH, [j] - rrepezi Y3KHMH r.haCHbIMH;

rn > mh [w] - nepea WHPOKHMH r AaCHbIMH,

[ vl - rrepezt Y3KI1MH r AaCHbIMH;

p > ph [f] - nepea WHPOKHMH H Y3KHMH rAaCHbIMH; s > sh [h] - nepea WHPOKHMH H Y3KHMH rAaCHbIMH; t > th [h] - nepea WHPOKHMH 11 Y3KI1MH rJ\aCHbIMH.

39

H au60llcc paenpoempaHCHHblC ell YLfau IlCHU U,UU.

1. Cyigecrarrrexuaoe m.p. B IiM.n. ea.x. nOCAe onpeziexeaaoro apTIiKMI: an chloch 'KaMeHb'.

2. CyrgecTBIiTeAbHoe M.p. B pozt.n. ep,.'I. nOCAe onpenexeaaoro apTIiKMI: cos an mhadra 'nora c06aKIi'.

3. Cyrjjecraarexuaoe B 3BaTeAbHOM naztezse ea. Ii MH.'I.: a dhuine uasail! 'r-ocnozora!'. a chairde! 'p,py3bR!', a fheara! 'MymIi!'.

4. CyrgecTBIiTeAbHoe B pozi.n., KOTOPOMY npeaurecrayer cyrjjecraarexaaoe m.p.: tine mhona p,OCA. 'orcas ropqia', lamh chunta 'pyxa nOMorgH'.

5. YiMeHa c06CTBeHHble B pozi.n.: leabhar Sheamais 'KHIira 4meHMca', athair Mhaire 'oTeg MapH', muintir Chiarrai 'AlOp,H KeppH'.

6. CyrgecTBHTeAbHoe nOCAe nparxasarexsnoro MeCTOHMeHHR rna 'MOH', do 'TBOH', a 'ero ': mo chapall 'MaR xourazn.', do bhean 'TBOR meHa', a mhac 'era canr'.

7. nOcAe npezixoroa ar 'aa', do 'K', de 'H3', faoi 'noz;'. gan '6e3', idir 'Memzry', 'cpeaa', mar 'B Ka'IeCTBe', 6 'H3', roimh 'nepez;'. thar 'no ry CTOPOHY', tri xepea", urn 'BO BpeM51.': ar chloch 'na KaMHe', do Phadraig 'naTpHKy', idir dhaoine 'cpep,H AlOp,eH', thar Dhiarmaid 'MHMO 4epMoHTa', tri dhearmad 'no ourarixe', urn Chaise 'na nacxy'.

8. nOcAe den (de + an) 'H3', don (do + an) 'K' H sa (i + an > insan > sa) 'B': den bh6thar 'c zropor-a", don gharsun 'MaAb'IHKY', sa bhaile 'p,oMa'. Oanaxo sa He BAHReT na d H t, HO BbI3bIBaeT aaryxaaae f : sa bhfarraige 'B Mope'.

9. Ha'IaAbHbIH corxacnerf rrpirraacarexsuoro CAOBOCO'IeTaHHR H3 p,ByX HAH 60Aee cyrgecTBI1TeAbHbIX, COOTBeTCTBYlOrgero PYCCKOMY CAOBOCO'IeTaHHIO B poa.n., npl1'IeM nepaoe AeHl1pOBaHHoe cyrgecraarexunoe CAOBOCO'IeTaHHR HMeeT rpopray HM.n. (fhear, a He fhir, CM.HHme), a He pozt.n., KOTOPbIH, Ka3aAOCb 6bI, rpeoyercs B p,aHHOH cl1Tyagl1H: mac fhear an gheata (poa.rr.) 'csm npHBpaTHHKa', p,OCA. 'CbIH

,

Mym'II1HbI BOPOT .

40

Oco6ble npaBU.!la .!lCHUkJ,UU 4.!lR d, t, s.

HaqaAbHble d H t He .AeHHPYfOTCR nOCAe d, n, t, 1, s: ceann an duine 'rOAOBa '1eAOBeKa', gan toradh '6eB pesyxerara'.

s He xeaapyercs a rpynrrax SC-, sm-, sp-, st-.

s rrepea rJ\aCHbIMI1 B pozr.rr. M.p., a TaKJ:Ke nepezt I, n, r y CYI,lJeCTBI1TeJ\bHbIX I1M.n. tK.p. CTaHOBI1TC5l ts nOCAe apTI1KAH: an tsagairt 'CB5ll,!JeHHHKa', an tsraid 'YJ\H!,!a', den tslat '11.3 npyra', sa tsruth 'B noroxe' .

.3aTyxaHHc

Corxacnere p, t, c, f, a TaKJ:Ke b, d, g noziaepaceaer 3aTyxaHI1ID, npa KOTOPOM rxyxne CTaHOBHTC5l 3BOHKI1MI1, a 3BOHKI1e HOCOBbIMIi. TaKIiM o6pa30M, p > bp [b], t > dt [d], C > gc [g], f> bhf [w] HAIi [v], a TaKtKe b > mb [rn], d > nd [n], g > ng [1]].

3aTyxaHlie IiMeeT MeCTO B CAe,ll.YIDI,lJIiX CAY'1a5lX.

1. B pozi.n. MH. '1. nocxe apTI1KAH na: tithe na ndaoine ',ll.OMa J\ID,ll.ei1:', suile na mban 'r xasa tKeHl,!JIiH'.

2. nOcAe npeztxcra C apTIiKAeM e,ll.. '1.: leis an mbata 'c naxxoil'.

3. nOcAe npeaxora i : i bpai pear 'B 6YMare'.

l{aAee 6y,ll.YT YKa3aHbI ztpyrne CAY'1ali saryxanas.

B n031i!,!1i11 3aTyxaHI15l Ha'1aJ\bHblX cor AaCHblX Ha'!aAbHbIM r AaCHblM npennrecrsyer n: Tir na nOg 'Crpaaa IDHbIX', in Eirinn 'B Y1PAaH,ll.I1I1', in eineacht 'BMeCTe', in ait, in ionad 'BMeCTo', na deich n-aitheanta 'l{eC5lTb sanoaeaeii'.

1. B pozi.n. e,ll..'!. zs.p. 11 B HM.n. MH.'!. h npeaurecrsyer Ha'1aAbHbIM rJ\aCHbIM: na

41

habhann 'pexa': na huain 'anorra'.

2. OocAe npxrxzsarexsaoro MeCTOHMeHHJI xs.p. e.ll .. '-I. a a hinion 'ee noss'.

4. OocAe chomh 'TaK': chomh halainn 'TaK xpacas'.

5. OOCAe '-IaCTHlJ,bI go, 06pa3ylOrgeH aapexas H3 npaxararexeaerx: go hole '3AO',

, ,

llAOXO .

6. [Taccaansre tpOpMbI, a raxace tpOpMbl 1l0BeAHTeAbHoro HaKAOHeHHJI, Ha'-lHHalOrgHeCJI C r AaCHblX 1l0CAe '-IaCTHlJ" OKaH'-IHBalOrgHXCJI aa r xacasre: ni hitear 'He easr", na hell 'He neiil'.

ECAH cyrgecraarexenoe M.p. B onpeaexeaaoii <popMe YilOTpe6AeHO B HM.ll. e.ll.'-I., TO eMY npeznuecrayer t : an t-aran 'x.;\e6', an t-alt 'apTHKJl.b', 6n t-udar 'OT aaropa' H T . .ll.

IV. r paMMaTHKa

MOPClJOAOFHH

1.11MB cymecTBHTeAbHoe

Cyrgecraarexeuoe B HPAaH.llCKOM Jl3blKe HMeeT xareropan pona, '-IHCAa H naaeasa.

Cyigecrsarexsnere OTHOCJlTCJI AH60 K MymcKoMy, AH60 K meHCKOMY poziy.

K MymcKOMY P0.llY OTHOCJlTCJI CAe.llYlOrgHe cyigecraarexsnsre.

1. Cyrgecrnarexenere, 0603Ha'-lalOrgHe OC06b MymcKoro 1l0Aa: athair 'oreg', mac

42

'CbIH' , fear 'Mym'uIHa' H T.JI..

2. Cyigecraarexsmsre C cy<pqmKcaMH -as, -in, -an, -oir, -ire, -i : donas 'y60meCTBO', bradan 'AOCOCb', machaire 'paBHHHa', leabhairin 'KHHmKa', cailin 'JI.eBO'lKa' H T.rI.

3. Bce OTrAarOAbHble HMeHa na -adh, -eadh HAH me C KOHe'lHbIM IlmpOKHM rAaCHbIM: dunadh '.3aKpbITHe', beannu '6AarocAoBeHHe'.

4. Cy6CTaHTHBHpoBaHHble npaxararexeasre, osaasaaarorgaeca aa IlmpOKHH corAaCHbIH: an took '.3AO' H T.TI.

K meHCKOMY P0JI.Y OTHOCHTCH cxeztytotgae cyigecraarexenere.

1. Cyqjecraarexeaere, otiosaavaroigae OC06b meHCKoro rIOAa: rnathair 'MaTb', inion 'JI.O'lb' H T.JI..

2. Cyigecraarexsaere, OKaH'lHBarorgHecH na Y.3KHH, T.e. rIaAaTaAH.30BaHHbIH, corAaCHbIH: tir 'crpana', uair ''lac', 'paa'. lasair 'rIAaMH', on6ir ''leCTb', coisceim 'war' H T.rI.

3. Cyrjjec-raarexsaere C cy<p<pHKcaMH -acht, -6g: milseacht 'CAaJI.OCTb', danacht 'cvexocre", ord6g '60AbWOH naxej;' H T.rI.

4. A6CTpaKTHble cyrgecTBHTeAbHble, otioaaa-rarorgae Ka'leCTBeHHblH rIpH.3HaK aa -e: aille 'KpaCOTa', airde 'BbICoTa', gile 'HPKOCTb', uaisle '6AarOp0JI.CTBO' H T.rI.

5. OTr AarOAbHble HMeHa na Y.3KHH cor AaCHbIH: tuiscint 'rIOHHMaHHe', fuascailt 'ocB060mJI.eHHe' .

6. Cy6CTaHTHBHpoBaHHble npaxararexensre na Y.3KHH corAaCHblH: an mhaith 'JI.o6-

,

pO.

7. Mnorae Ha3BaHHH JI.epeBbeB H Ha.3BaHHH 60AbWHHCTBa pex, CTpaH H H.3bIKOB: dair 'JI.y6', beith '6epe.3a'; pexn Boinn '50HH' H Sionnain 'W3HHOH'; Eire 'YIPAaHAHH', Alba 'WOTAaHJI.HH', Gaeilge 'HPAaHJI.CKHH H3bIK', Francis' <ppaHW.3CKHH H.3bIK', HO Bearla 'aHrAHHcKHH H.3bIK' - M.p., Sasana 'AHrAHH' - M.p.

8. Hexoropsre OJI.HOCAOmHble cyrgecranrexemce na umpoKHH corxacneni. sr6n

43

'HOC', beach 'nxexa', bean 'meHIyHHa', cloch 'KaMeHb', cos 'aora', bos '.II.a,ll,OHb', grian 'CO.ll.H!Je', neamh 'He6o', pian '60.ll.b', sliabh 'ropa', treabh 'nxexa' H ,lI,p.

lIHC.i\O

CYIyeCTBHTe.ll.bHOe MomeT HMeTb qlOpMbl e,ll,HHCTBeHHoro H MHomeCTBeHHoro 'lHCAa, a TaKme qJOpMy ,lI,BOHcTBeHHoro "IHCAa. Mscesecrsesace <{HCAO o6pa.syeTcR pa:a.ll.H"IHbIMH cnocotiaaa.

1. Flocpencrsov OKOH'iaHHH: bosca 'xopotixa' - boscai 'Kopo6KH', paiste 'pe- 6eHOK' - paisti ',lI,eTH', cailin 'aeaosxa' - cailini ',lI,eBO'iKH', pairc 'noxe' - pairceanna 'noxa', sui! 'rxaa' - suile 'rwasa', seachtain 'He,ll,eMI' - seachtaine 'aeaexa',

2. nOCpe,ll,CTBOM "Iepe,ll,OBaHHR xopaesoro rwacxoro ea - i : fear 'Mym<{HHa' fir 'Mym'iHHbl', ceann 'roxosa' - cinn 'roxoasr'.

3. nOCpe,ll,CTBOM cyzseaaa KOHe"lHOrO urapoxoro corxacxoro: bad '.II.O,ll,Ka' baid '.II.O,ll,KH',paipear '6YMara' - pai peir '6YMarH'.

4. nOCpe,ll,CTBOM OKOH"IaHHH H H3MeHeHHH xopaeaoro rxacxoro: doras 'naeps' doirse 'aaepa', solas 'cser' - soilse.

Hexoropsre CYIyeCTBHTeAbHble oopaaysor qJOpMy MHomeCTBeHHoro "IHC.II.a oco- 6blM cnocoooxr:

bean 'meHIyHHa'

cara 'apyr" - cairde ',lI,py3bH',

leanbh 'peoeaox' - leanai ',lI,eTH',

scornach 'ropxo' - scornai 'ropxa'.

cPopMa ,lI,BOHCTBeHHoro "IHCAa ynorpeoxaerca ,lI,AH napasrx rtpeasreroa C "IHC.II.HTeAbHblM da ',lI,Ba' H cosnanaer C HMeHHTe.ll.bHbIM na,ll,emOM eaaacraeaaoro "IHC.II.a P,AR CYIyeCTBHTeAbHbIX MymcKoro pozta, HO He sceraa ,lI,AR CYIyeCTBHTe.ll.bHbIX meHcxoro po.aa: m.p.: a dha shuil (suil) 'ero o6a rxaaa'. HO mo dha chois (cos) 'MOH o6e Hom', m.p. rno dha bhr6ig (br6g) 'MOH 6aWMaKH', m.p. rna dha laimh (lamh)

44

EJ,(HHCTBeHHoe 'iHCAO cyrgecraarexeaerx, 06bl'iHO ynorpedxsexerx KaK rrapasre, oepasyerca npa nOMOr,gH npHCTaBKH leath- 'nox-', 'noxoaaaa', KOTopaR C napHblMH HMeeT 3Ha'ieHHe "OJ,(HH": leath-larnh 'oaaa pyxa', leath-shuil 'OJ,(HH rxaa', leath-bhr6g 'OJ,(HH 6awMaK', leath-chupla 'OJ,(HH H3 6AH3HeijOB'. 8TH <t>OpMbl 'iaCTO BCTpe"laIOTCR B BblpameHHRx, nOJ,(06Hb1X ar leath-lamh 'c OJ,(HOH PYKOH', 'OJ,(HOPYKHH'; ar leath-ghluin (CTOR) 'aa OJ,(HOM KOAeHe'; Chuir se leath-chluas air Fein 'OH nOBepHYA rOAOBY, 'iTo6bl cxyurare', J,(OCA. 'OH nOAomHA nOA- yxa aa cetia caaoro' .

.l!eAaeTCR nonsrrxa BBeJ,(eHIDI cAeJ,(YIOI,!!eH CHCTeMbI OKOH"IaHHH MH.'i.: -anna H -eanna C OJ,(HOCAomHbIMH cyr,geCTBHTeAbHbIMH H -ai, -i C MHorOCAomHblMH: sraid - sraideanna 'YAHijbl', ceacht - ceachtanna 'YPOKH', comhlacht - comhlachtai 'KoMnaHHH', earraid - earraidt 'owH6KH'.

APTHKJ\b

I1MeeTcR OJ,(HH AHWb onpeJ,(eAeHHblH apTHKAb 060HX POJ,(OB an, B KOTOPOM B pasrosopaok pe"lH n He npOH3HOCHTCR nepez; corwacaerxa, "ITO aaoraa 0603Ha"laeTCR aa nHCbMe: a' fear seo 'aTOT Mym'iHHa'. cPopMa na yrrorpedxsercs t(AR pOJ,(HTeAbHOro naaezsa meHCKoro pozta eJ,(HHCTBeHHoro 'lHCAa H t(AR scex naJ,(emeH MHomeCTBeHHoro 'lHCAa 060HX POJ,(OB. Apraxx» ynorpeoxaerca scerna:

1) nepea <t>aMHAHRMH aa -ach: an Piarsach 'nHpC' (HCT. AHijO), an Cathasach 'KeHcH' H T.J,(.;

2) nepea Ha3BaHH5IMH 60AbWHHCTBa CTpaH: an Fhrainc 'cPpaHijH5I', an Chearmain TepMaHH5I', an Spainn 'l1cnaHIDI', an Eilbheis 'WBeHijapH51', an lodail 'I1TaAH5I'. Ho 6e3 apTHKAR - Sasana 'AHrAH5I', Alba 'WOTAaHJ,(H5I', Eire 'l1pAaHJ,(H5I'. Alba H Eire ynoTpe6ARIOTc5I C apTHKAeM AHWb B pOJ,(HTeAbHOM nazieace: na hAlban, na hEireann, a C npeaxorava - 6e3 apTHKAR: in Albain 'B WOTAaHJ,(HH', in Eirinn 'B I1pAaHJ,(HH'.

CKJ\OHeHHe

I1MeeTc5I TpH nazteasa: HMeHHTeAbHbIH, pOJ,(HTeAbHbIH H 3BaTeAbHbIH. npeJ,(AomHblH naaeas, TpaJ,(HijHoHHO Ha3bIBaeMblH J,(aTeAbHbIM, CeH"IaC COBnaJ,(aeT no <t>opMe C HM.naJ,(., HCKAIO'leH H3 HopMaTHBHoH rpaMMaTHKH H COXpaH5IeTC5I B peJ,(KHX CJl.y'lMX. <PopMa BHHHTeJl.bHOrO naaezca COBnaJ,(aeT C HM.n.

1. I1MeHHTeJl.bHblH nazieas ynorpeoxserca t(AR 0603Ha'leHH5I cy6beKTHo-o6beKTHblx oTHollIeHHH; a TaKme - c npeaxorasnr. Chonaic an cailin buachaill '4eBO"lKa YBHJ,(eJl.a

45

MaJl.bl.{I1Ka', Bhi an gadai sa ghairdin 'Bop 6blJl. B cany'.

2. PO~I1TeJl.bHbIH naztex, 0603Hal.{aeT Opl1Ha~Jl.emHOCTb, a 'raxace xapax'repncTI1Ky npezoaera: ceann sagairt 'rOJl.OBa CBHIJJeHHI1Ka', 11M. o. sagart; bosca adhmaid '~epeBHHHaH Kop06Ka', I1M.O. adhmad '~epeBO', '~peBeCI1Ha'.

ECJl.11 CJl.OBOCOl.{eTaHl1e TI10a «CYIJJeCTBI1TeJl.bHOe B I1M.O. + cyrgecraarexeaoe B pozt.n.» noapaayweaaer onpeaexeaaocru, apTHKJl.eM oqJOpMJl.HeTCH TOJl.bKO cytgecrBHTeJl.bHOe B pozt.rt.: cunarnh an tsagairt 'OOMOIJJb cBHI,geHHHKa'. O~HaKo eCJl.H cyrjjecraarexetroe B pozr.n. HOCHT xapaKTep OTHOCHTeJl.bHOrO npaxarare xeaor-o, TO apTHKJl.b MomeT CTaBHTbCH TOJl.bKO nepezt cy!,!!eCTBI1TeJl.bHbIM B HM.n.: an cunarnh airgid '~eHemHaH nOMo!,!!b', ~OCJI.. 'noMo!,!!b ziener-'. an lamh chunta 'pyxa nOMOIJJH'; cp, the helping hand.

3. npe~Jl.OmHbIH rtaaexc, Tpa~H!J,HOHHO Ha3bIBaeMblH ~aTeJl.bHbIM, pansure yrto'rpe6J1.HJl.CH B npeztxozaasrx oooporax C npOCTblMH npeztxoraaa aa I1CKJl.lOl.{eHHeM chun 'K', trasna 'xepea' 11 timpeall 'uokpyr-", xoropsre rpecyror pO~I1TeJl.bHOrO nanezca. Oc06eHHocTblO npenxoaororo naaeaca aexoraa 6blJl.H CPOpMbl MH.l.{. aa - (a)ibh: ar na mallaibh 'ueaaano".

npOCTble npezixcra ynoTpe6J1.HlOTcH cAe~ylOIJJI1M 06pa30M: de er ): ceann de bhaid Sheain 'oaaa H3 Jl.O~OK WOHa';

, ,

113

do 'K' (xenapyer ): do phaiste Mhaire 'pe6eHKY Mepa': fe, faoi 'noa', '0' (xeaapyer ): faoi chailin Sheamais '0 zteayunce .llmeHMca';

ar [er] 'na' (xeaapyer ): ar bhord 'ua CTOJl.e';

ag reg] 'v'. 'npu': ag fear 'v Myml.{HHbl';

Ie 'c': Ie bad 'c Jl.O~KOH';

i 'B' (aerasrsaer saryxanae ): i mbad 'B Jl.O~Ke'.

npH de, do 11 faoi (fe) HMeeT MeCTO 8J1.113HH (~TnMeHl1e) a B aprtrx.ae e~HHCTBeHHoro l.{I1CM an: de + an > den (den t-aran '113 xxeoa'}, do + an > don (don t-oilean 'OCTPOBY'), faoi + an > faoin (faoin stair '06 HCTOPI1H").

46

I1pelI.AOrH i H le 06pa3y1OT BMeCTe C apTHKJ\eM q>OpMbl:

ea.x. i + an > insan, pep,ygHpyeMbIH B sa: sa Ghaeilge 'B HpJ\aHp,CKOM .R3bIKe';

MH.'!. i + na > insna, pep,ygHpyeMblH B sna: sna seomrai 'B KOMHaTax';

ezt. tI. le + an > leis an: leis an fhear 'c Mym<iHHOH';

MH.<i. leisna: leisna mna 'c meHIYHHaMH'.

I1pelI.AOrH ag, de, do, fe H 6 BMeCTe C apTHKJ\eM MH. <i. na o6pa3YlOT xa lOre q>OpMbl agesna, desna, dosna, fesna H osna, ozoraxo ziaaasre q>OpMbl C<iHTaIOTC.R pasroBOpHbIMH.

Bee npeaxora C apTHKMMH ea.x., KpOMe den H don, Bbl3blBalOT y CYIYeCTBHTeJ\bsoro c apTHKJ\eM aaryxaaae Ha lOre: sa mbaile 'p,oMa' H J\eHHgHIO sa Cesepe: sa bhaile 'p,oMa'. Flpeaxora me den Ii don sceraa asrsersaior J\eHHgHIO: neart den Ghaeilge 'caxa apxaazrcxoro .R3bIKa'; cuir don phaiste sin 'p,aH pe6eHKY sro'.

C~t. passe» 'n Pe/l,AOZU' .

nepBoe CKJ\OHeHHe

EOJ\bIlIHHCTBO CYIYeCTBHTeJ\bHbIX MymcKoro poaa, OKaH<iHBaIOIYHXCH na IlIHpOKHH corJ\acHbIH, oopasyer MHomeCTBeHHoe qHCJ\O na -i nepea KOHeqHblM corwacasrsr H HMeeT op,HHaKOBYIO q>OPMY B HMeHHTeJ\bHOM naaezse MH.q. H B pop,HTeJ\bHOM naneace ea.x.:

EA .... MH ....
HM.n. POA.n. HM.n. POA.n.
bad 'J\op,Ka' baid baid bad
bard '6app,' baird baird bard
buideal '6YTblJ\Ka , buideil buideil buideal
cat 'xourxa' cait cait cat
dinnear 'otiez; , dinneir dinneir dinnear
focal 'CJ\OBO' focail focail focal 47

EA. lI. MH. lI.
HM. n. POA. n. HM. n. POA. n.
gadhar , co6aKa , gadhair gadhair gadhar
garsun , , garsuin garsuin garsun
Ma.l\b'iI1K
leabhar 'xaara , leabhair leabhair leabhar
, , mic mic
mac CbIH mac
paipear '6YMara , paipeir paipeir paipear
sag art 'CBRI!!eHHI1K , sagairt sagairt sagart OTtJ,e.l\bHYIO rrozrrpyrmy COCTaBNIIOT cyrgecrsarexsmse Ha -ach:

bacach 'HI1x,gI1H' bacaigh bacaigh bacach
coileach 'neryx , coiligh coiligh coileach
leathanach 'CTpaHI1!!a , leathanaigh leathanaigh leathanach
Poncanach 'aMepl1KaHeg , Poncanaigh Poncanaigh Poncanach Cyrgecraarexeasre Ha -ea- oopasyrcr pOA.II. etJ,.'i. 11 I1M.n. MH.'i. 3aMeHoH -ea- aa -1-:

, ,
ceann rO.l\OBa cmn cmn ceann
fear 'Mym'iI1Ha' fir fir fear Cyigecrsarexeaoe ull 'H6.1\OKO' HMeeT qJOPMY I1M.II. MH.'i. ulla.

B TpeTblO noztrpyrmy BXOtJ,HT cytgecraarexeaere c qJOPMOH MH.'i., otJ,HHaKoBoH tJ,NI scex naaexceii H OT.I\I1'iHOH OT pOA.II. etJ,.'i.:

EA. lI.
MH. lI.
HM. n. POA. n.
aonach 'HpMapKa , aonaigh aontai
bealach 'aopora' bealaigh bealai
ualach 'aoura' ualaigh ualai
eadach 'otJ,emtJ,a' eadaigh eadai
geimhreadh '311Ma , geimhridh geimhri 48

EA. 11. MH.lI.
HM. n. POA. n.
samhradh 'xero' samhraidh sambraf
, , mairc
marc OTMeTKa marcanna
ceol 'MY3bIKa' ceoi! ceolta
briathar 'rwarox' briathair briatbra
b6thar 'aopora , bothair boithre
doras ',lJ.Bepb , dorais doirse
sol as , , solais soilse
CBeT HenpaBHAbHble CYlJ!eCTBHTeJ\bHble

, , mic
mac CblH mlC
bia , , bidh
nHI,ija
, , riain rianta
nan CAe,lJ.
, , sriain
snan y3,lJ.a 3BaTeAbHblH na,lJ.e* cosnaztaer 06bl'!HO C pozi.n. e,lJ..'!.: a bhacaigh! 'HHI,ijHH!', a

Sh r » I 'ill I' She . I 'n..... I'

eam. OH. ,a eamais: ,L¥fieHMC. T.,lJ..

ECAH poa.rr, MH.'!. CYI,ijeCT8HTeAbHbIX coanaaaer C tpOPMOH HM.n. MH.'!., TO H pozt.n. MH.'!. npaxararexeaoro cosnaaaer C HM.n. MH.'!. <lTOrO npaxararexaaoro: na feirmeoiri m6ra 'xpyrnrere tpepMepbl' HAH na daoine maithe ',lJ.06pble AlO,lJ.H' H na bhfeirmeoiri m6ra 'xpynasrx <l>epMep08', na ndaoine maithe ',lJ.06PblX AlO,lJ.eH'.

Cp.: na ngasur ciuin 'THXHX MaAbt{HKOB' poa.n. MH.t{. Ii an gasur ciuin 'THXHH MaAb'!HK' HM.n. e,lJ..t{. CM. c. 55.

BTopoe CKJ\OHeHHe

CYI,ijeCT8HTeAbHble sroporo CKAOHeHIDl - <lTO see cytgecrsxrexeaere *eHCKoro poaa, oxaasaaarorgaecs aa corwacnsni, KpoMe CYI,ijeCTBHTeAbHblX M.p. im 'MaCAO' H sliabh 'ropa'.

CYI,ijeCT8HTeAbHble sroporo CKAOHeHIDl ,lJ.eAHTCH aa aae rpyrmsr.

49

1. Tlepaaa rpyrma HMeeT ¢OPMY pOJJ,.n. MH.q., cosrraztaiotgyro C ¢OPMOH: HM.n. ea.s. Cytgecrsarexsaere na llIHPOl<HH: COrAaCHblH: HMelQT oxoaxaaae -a B HM.n. MH.q.:

EJJ,. q. MH. q.
HM. D. POJJ,. D. HM. D. POJJ,. D.
beach 'nxexa , beiche beacha beach
bos 'AaJJ,oHb , boise bosa bos
br6g '6allIMaK , broige br6ga br6g
, ,
cearc KypHlJ,a circe cearca cearc
clann 'ceMbR , clainne clanna clann
cloch 'KaMeHb , cloiche clocha cloch
cluas , , duaise duasa cluas
yxo
, ,
cos Hora coise cosa cos
dealbh '¢opMa , deilbhe dealbha dealbh
feas6g 'tiopoaa , feasoige feasoga feas6g
Iuinneog 'OKHO' fuinneoige fuinneoga fuinneog
gaoth 'serep , gaoithe gaotha gaoth
lamh 'pyxa' lairnhe lamha lamh
long 'Kopa6Ab , loinge longa long
luch 'MblllIb' luiche lucha luch
mear , , meire meara mear
naAelJ,
sr6n , , sroine sr6na sron
HOC 50

2. Cytgecraarexsasre BTOPOH rpyrmsr aa y:aKHH COrJl.aCHbIH HMelOT OKOH'!aHHe -e B HM.n. MH.'!., HO pozt.n. MH.'!. na TBepjJ,bIH COrJl.aCHbIH:

EA. q. MH. q.
11M. n. POA. n. 11M. n. POA. n.
gluin 'KOJl.eHO , gluine gluine glun
suil 'rxas' suile suile sUi T peree CICAOHeHHe

POjJ,HTeJl.bHbIH naaezs ejJ,.'!. oopaayerca npH6aBJl.eHHeM -a K cyrgecTBHTeJl.bHbIM MymcKoro H meHCKoro pozta. Cyrgecraarexeasre MoryT OKaH'!HBaTbCR Ha y:aKHH HJl.H WHPOl<HH COrJl.aCHbIH. DPOHCXOjJ,HT CJl.ejJ,YlOrgaR MeHa nepea -a p0jJ,HTeJl.bHOrO naaeasa ezi.x.: u(i) > 0: fuil 'KPOBb', poa.n. fola; sruth M.p. 'norox', poa.n. srotha; cuid as.p. 'xacn,'. pczt.n. coda.

i(o) > ea; crios M.p. 'nORC', poa.n. creasa; sioc M.p. 'MOPO:a', pon.n. seaca; mil m.p. 'MejJ,', pozt.n, meala.

DPH 06pa:aOBaHHH q>OpM MH.'!. cyrgecrsnrexenere TpeTbero CKJl.OHeHHR jJ,e)\$lTCR xa nare KJl.aCCOB.

1. MHomeCTBeHHoe '!HCJl.O oopasyerca nYTeM jJ,06aBJl.eHHR -a: cleas M.p. 'TPlOK', pozt.n, ejJ,.'!. c1easa, MH.'!. cleasa;

slios M.p. 'CTopOHa', poa.n. ejJ,.'!. sleasa, MH.'!. sleasa; gamhain M.p. 'TeJl.eHOK', poa.rr. ejJ,.'!. gamhna, MH.'!. gamhna; flaith M.p. 'npHH!!', poa.n, ejJ,.'!. flatha, MH.'!. flatha.

2. Maoacecraeaaoe '!HCJl.O otipasyerca jJ,06aBJl.eHHeM -(a)i:

a) cytgecraarexsnere co :aHa'!eHHeM "aearexs" na -eir, -oir, -uir (Bee M.p,); 6) aticrpaxrrrsre cyrgecTBHTeJl.bHble na -acht (rJl.aBHbIM otipaaoxr m.p.);

B) aexoropsre ztpyrae.

11M. n. eA. q. POA. n. en. q. 11M. H pOA. n. MH. q.
siuineir , , siuineara siuineiri
CTO)\$lP ...
badoir 'Jl.OjJ,O'!HHK , badora badoiri 51

HM. n. eA. q. POA. n. eA. q. HM. H pOA. n. MH. q.
LiilliUir 'nopTHoif tailliura tailliuid
saghdiuir 'COMaT , saghdiura saghdiuirf
ailleacht 'xpacora' ailleachta ailleachtaf
beannacht '6AaroCAOBeHHe , beannachta beannachtai
buachaill 'MaAb'IHK , buachalla buachailli 3. MHom.eCTBeHHoe 'IHCAO oopasyercs ~o6aBAeHHeM -anna K O~HOCAOm.HbIM cytgeCTBHTeAbHbIM:

HM. n, ea- q. POA. n, ea, q. HM. H pOA. n. MH. q.
blath M.p. , , blatha blathanna
gBeToK
cath M.p. '6HTBa , catha cathanna
dath M.p. 'gBeT' datha dathanna
sruth M.p. , , srutha sruthanna
nOTOK
traigh sr.p. '6eper MOpH , tragha traghanna
tranna 4. Maoasecrseasoe 'IHCAO oopasyercs ~o6aBAeHHeM -acha K ~Byx- H MHOroCAOm.HblM cyr,geCTBHTeAbHbIM:

alt6ir m.p. , , alt6ra alt6racha
aATapb
, , anamnacha
anam M.p. ziyura anama
on6ir as.p. , , on6ra on6racha
'IeCTb 5. MHomecTBeHHoe ,{HCAO oopasyerca rryresr ~o6aBAeHHH -ta:

bliain zs.p, , , bliana blianta
ro~
gleann M.p. , , gleanna gleannta
~OAHHa 52

l.feTBepToe CIUOHeHHe

PO)l.HTeAbHbIH: naaezs cosrraztaer C HMeHHTeAbHbIM. Crena OTHOCHTCH HeKOTOpsre cyigecraareaeaere, OKaHtlHBalOzgHeCH na rAaCHbIH: H aa YMeHblliHTeAbHbIH: cyq>q>HKC -in, cyrgecrearexsaere co .3HatIeHHeM ')l.eHTeAb' xa -ai, -aire, aocrpaxrasre cyrgecraarexensre, 06pa.30BaHHble OT rrpaxararexeaso; (m. p.), a raiese xexoropere .3aHMCTBOBaHHH. no 06pa.30BaHHlO MH. tI. cytgecraxrexeaere )l.eAHTCH aa asa xxacca.

1. Maoaeecrseaaoe tIHCAO oopasyerca nYTeM .3aMeHbl KOHetIHOrO rxacaoro aa -I, xoropoe rarose )l.06aBAHeTCH K KOHetIHoMY n:

aiste m.p. 'crarea' - aisti, iascaire 'pbI6aK' - iascairi, tiarna 'AOP)l.' - tiarnai,

sicin M.p. '!!bInAeHOK' - sicini,

file M.p. 'n03T' - fili,

mala M.p. 'MelliOK' - malai, cailin M.p. 'nesyunca' - cailinf,

ticeadai.

HCKAlO'IeHHHMH HBAHlOTCR aexoropsre cyrgecrarrrexeaere Ha -le MAH one, o6pa.3yrozgHe MH.tI. C yceseaae« -e:

baile M.p. ')l.epeBHH' - bailte, Mine m.p. 'pyoamxa' - leinte, tine m. p. 'orona' - tinte,

mile M.p., 'TbICHtIa' - milte, line m.p. 'CTp0tIKa' - linte.

"HenpaBHAbHO" 06pa.3ylOT MHomeCTBeHHoe tIHCAO cytgecraarexeasre:

duine M.p. 'tIeAOBeK' - daoine, teanga m.p. 'H.3bIK' - teangacha,

oiche m.p. 'HOtIb' - oicheanta.

2. MHomeCTBeHHoe tIHCAO oopasyerca )l.06aBAeHHeM -the K cyzgeCTBHTeAbHbIM na -I, -ai, -oi HAH -aoi, npHtIeM i coxpaigaercs nepea -the:

greasai 'canoacnax' - greasaithe, croi 'cepage' - croithe,

ni 'Bezgb' - nithe,

laoi '6aAAa)l.a' - laoithe,

gadai 'BOP' - gadaithe, dli '.3aKOH' - dlithe,

ri 'KOPOAb' - rithe.

53

Flaroe CKI\OHeHHe

B .<4aHHOM CK.II.OHeHHH p0.<4HTeAbHbIM na.<4em OKaH'iHSaeTCH aa IllHpOKHM COrAaCHbIM: -ach, -d HAH -n(n), a raiose HMeeTCR OT.<4eAbHaR q>opMa .<4AR .<4aTeAbHoro, r.e. npeaxoacroro, naaeasa e.<4.':I. Eho CKAOHeHHe npe.<4CTaBAReT C060M Ha60p "aenpaBHAbHbIX" CYJ,YeCTBHTeAbHbIX. O.<4HaKO Y HHX ecre 06I!!HM npH3HaK: PO.<4.n. e.<4.':I. B nepaox H BTOPOM xxaccax COBna.<4aeT C PO.<4.n. MH.':I. no 06pa30saHHIO q>0PM MH.':I. CYJ,YeCTBHTeAbHble .<4eARTCH aa TpH xxacca.

1. MHomeCTBeHHoe ':IHCAO ofipasyercs no CMewaHHOMY rany:

11M. R. en. 'I. PO,lt. R. en, 'I. AaT. R. ea. 'I. 11M. R. MH. 'I.
, , caorach caoirigh caoirigh
caora m.p. oSlJa
comharsa m.p. , , comharsan comharsain comharsana
coce.<4
fiche M.p. '.<4Ba,<4lJaTb , fichead fichid fichid
lacha m.p. , " lachan lachain lachain
yTKa 2. Maoaeecrseaaoe ,{HCAO oopaayerca .<406aBAeHHeM -e K PO.<4. naztexsy ezt. ':I. c SbIna,<4eHHeM -a- OCHOSbI:

abha m.p. , , abhann abhainn aibhne
peKa
gabha 'KY3HelJ , gabhann gaibhne gaibhainn
, , carad caraid cairde
cara M. H m.p . zipyr 3. Maoasecraeaaoe ':IHCAO oopasyerca nyrev .<406aBAeHHR -acha K CYJ,YeCTBHTeAbHbIM na -in, oil, -ir, pO.<4HTeAbHbIM naztezs e.<4.':I. OKaH':IHBaeTCR aa -ach:

HM. R. ea, 'I. POA. R. ea. 'I. HM. R. MH. 'I.
riail m.p. , , rialach rialacha
npaSHAO
cain zs.p, , , canach canacha
HMor
cathair m.p. , , cathrach cathracha
ropo.<4
cathaoir m.p. , , cathaoireach cathaoireacha
CTyA
lair m.p. , Ko6bIAa , larach laracha 54

TepMHHbI pO]I,CTBa HMelOT oc06yIO <P0PMY B pon.n. e]I,.'I.:

11M. n. ea, q. POJ.\. n. ea. q. 11M. n, MH. q.
athair , , athar aithreacha
OTe!.!,
math air , , mathar maithreacha
MaTb
dearthair '6paT , dearthar deartharacha Ho: deirfiur m.p. 'cecrpa', deirfear (pon.n.), dearfear (aar.n.), dearfearacha (MH.'I.).

2. 11MB npHAaraTeAbHOe

fIpHAaraTeAbHble.MOrYT 6bITb KaqeCTBeHHbIMH: rnor '60AbUIOH:', dearg 'KpaCHbIH:' H OTHOCHTeAbHbIMH: oifigiuil 'O<pH!.!,HaAbHbIH:', laethuil 'eme]I,HeBHbIH:'.

flpHAaraTeAbHoe pacnOAaraeTC~ BCer]I,a nOCAe CYqJeCTBHTeAbHoro. flpHAaraTeAbHoe CKAOH~eTC~ B TOM cxyxae, eCAH OHO acnoxesyerca KaK onpeaexeaae, EY]I,yqH onpe]I,eAeHHeM, npHAaraTeAbHoe AeHHpyeTc~ nOCAe Y3Koro corAaCHoro CYqJeCTBHTeAbnoro, narrpavep, fir bheaga 'MaAeHbKHe Mym'lHHbI'. J\eHHpyeTc~ npaxararexsaoe H nOCAe CYqJeCTBHTeAbHoro m.p. e]I,.'I., KpOMe pozt.n.

KaK H Y CyqJeCTBHTeAbHbIX, COBna]I,aeT <popMa BHHHTeAbHOro H HMeHHTeAbHOrO na]I,emeH:. T aKme acerzta cosnaaaer <popMa ]I,aTeAbHoro H HMeHHTeAbHOrO na,zI,emeH: B MymCKOM pone, a raxzce, KaK npaBHAO, ]I,aTeAbHoro Ii HMeHHTeAbHOro B meHCKOM pone, 3BaTeAbHbIH nazteac COBna]I.aeT C HMeHHTeAbHbIM, KpOMe npaxararexsuerx nepBoro CKAOHeH~ na UIHPOKHH: cor AaCHbIH:. T aKme y HIiX OC06M <popMa B pO]I,HTeAbHOM meHcxoro poaa,

POJ.\HTeAbHbIH naaeac

OC06bIM cAyqaeM ~B)\~eTC~ ynorpeoxeaae <pOPM B pO]I,IiTeAbHOM naaezse. BbI60p !pOpMbI npaxararexssoro C CYqJeCTBHTeAbHbIM B pO]I,HTeJ\bHOM naaezae 3aBHCHT OT !pOpMbI CYqJeCTBIiTeAbHoro. ECAIi <popMa poznrrexsnoro naaezsa MHomeCTBeHHoro qliCM CYqJeCTBIiTeAbHoro COBna]I,aeT C q>OPMOH: IiMeHHTeAbHoro naaeasa MHomeCTBeHHoro 'IHCAa, TO npaxararexeuoe CTOHT BO MHomeCTBeHHOM 'IIiCAe: danta na bhfilf mora 'II03Mbl BeJ\HKHX n03TOB'. ECJ\1i me p0]I,HTeJ\bHblH: H HMeHHTeJ\bHblH: CYqJeCTBHTeJ\bHoro He COBna]I,aIOT BO MHomeCTBeHHOM 'IHCAe, TO npaxararexeaoe IiMeeT <P0PMY e]I,HHCTseaaoro 'IIiCAa: scribhinni na n-udar m6r 'npOIi3Be]I,eH~ xpyrnrerx aBTopOB'.

55

nEPBOE CKJ\OHEHHE

npHAaraTeAbHble OKaH'iHBaIQTCj1 aa COrAaCHbIH, WHPOKHH HAH Y3KHH, sa HCKAIQ'ieHHeM npaxararexsaetx aa -uil H HeCKOAbKHX aa -ir.

MymcKoH POI1.. ECAH npaxararexeaoe OKaH'IHBaeTCj1 aa Y3KHH COrAaCHbIH, TO ero <f>OpMa He H3MeHj1eTCj1. ECAH npaaarareasaoe OKaH'iHBaeTCj1 aa WHPOKHH, TO corxacHbIH cyzsaerca TaK me, KaK y CYIJJeCTBHTeAbHblX nepsoro CKAOHeHHj1: beag 'MaAeHbKHH' > big 'MaAeHbKoro'.

iKeHCKHH POI1.. a) KOHe'iHbIH corAaCHbIH npHHHMaeT OKOH'iaHHe -e, a eCAH OH WHPOKHH, TO cyzsaerca: gorm 'CHHHH', goirme; maith 'XOPOWHH', maithe, T.e. TaK me, KaK y CYIJJeCTBHTeAbHbIX sroporo CKAOHeHHj1, H 6) npaxararexeaere aa -ach nOAyqaIQT -I: aisteach 'cTpaHHbIH', aisti; iontach ''iYI1.fCHbIH', iontai.

.3BaTeJ\bHbIH eAHHCTBeHHoro qHCJ\a

3BaTeAbHbIH cosnanaer C cpOPMOH HMeHHTeAbHoro el1.HHCTBeHHoro 'iHCAa KpOMe npaxararexensrx, y KOTOPbIX cpopMa aaarexsrroro cosnanaer C OC060H CPOPMOH P0I1.HTe.l\bHOrO nazteaca el1.HHCTBeHHoro 'iHCAa MymcKoro pona: a amadain bhoicht! '6el1.HbIH ziypax!'

MH02KeCTBeHHoe qHCJ\O

fAaCHbIH OCHOBbI asmaaaer B el1.HHCTBeHHOM 'iHCAe pOI1..n. m.p. H BO MHomecTBeHHOM 'iHCAe:

HM. n, ea- q. POA. n. ea- q. HM. n. MH. q.
alainn , u, liille liille
KpacHBbIH
aoibhinn 'npHj1THbIH' aoibhne aoibhne
bodhar , u, bodhra bodhra
rxyxoa 56

HM. n. ea. q. Pon. n. en, q. HM. n. MH. q.
daibhir '6e,II.Hbri1' daibhre daibhre
daingean , y, daingne daingne
nposasn:
dilis , y, dilse dilse
sepasra
doilbhir , y' doilbhre doilbhre
rpYCTHbIl1
domhain , rAy6oKHH' doimhne doimhne
iseal 'HH31<HH' isle isle
folamh 'nycroii' foilmhe folmha
laidir 'CHAbHbIH' laidre laidre
milis , y' milse milse
CAa,II.KHH
ramhar , y' raimhre ramhra
TOACTbIl1
righin , y' righne righne
Me,II.AHTeAbHblH
saibhir '6oraTbIH' saibhre saibhre
sleamhain , rAa,II.KHH' sleabhna sleabhna
soilbhir , npmITHbIH' soilbhre soilbhre
uasal '6AarOp0,II.HbIH' uaisle uaisle CKAOHEHI1E npl1AAr ATEAbHoro C CYL!!ECTBI1TEAbHbIM

C YQ!eCTBHTeAbHble MymcKoro pona

a) npHAaraTeAbHbIe na umpoKHH corwacasni.

na~emH E~. q. MH. q.
11M. an fear beag 'MaAeHbKHH MymllHHa' na fir bheaga
,llaT. ar an bhfear beag 'na MaAeHbKOM MymllHHe' ar na fir bheaga
PO,II.. an fhir bhig 'MaAeHbKoro MymllHHbI' na bhfear beag
3BaT. a fhir bhig! 'MaAeHbKHH MymllHHa!' a fheara beaga! 57

6) OpHAaraTeAbHble aa Y3KHH corAacHbIH.

naAe2KH EA, q, MH, q,
11M. an bithimach glic 'XHTPbIH MoweHHHK , na bithimaigh ghlice
.l!aT. 6n mbithilinach glic 'OT xarporo MoweHHHKa , 6 na bithilinaigh ghlice
PO,/J,. an bhithilinaigh ghlic 'xarporo MoweHHHKa , na mbithimach glic
3BaT. a bhithiinaigh ghlic! 'XHTPbIH MoweHHHK!' a bhithirnacha glice! a) OpHAaraTeAbHbIe aa WHPOKHH corAacHbIH.

11M. an bhean bheag 'MaAeHbKCUI meHI!!HHa , na rnna (beaga
.l!aT. don bhean bheag 'MaAeHbKOH meHI!!HHe , do na mna beaga
PO,/J,. na mna bige 'MaAeHbKOH meHI!!HHbI , na mban beag
3BaT. a bhean bheag! 'MaAeHbKCUI meHI!!HHa!' a mhna beaga! 11M. an chlairseach bhinn 'CAa,lJ,K03ByqHCUI apqia' na clairseacha binne
.l{aT. den chlairseach bhinn , H3 CAa,lJ,K03ByqHOH de na clairseacha binne
apq>bl ,
POA. na clairsf binne , CAa,lJ,K03ByqHOH aprper , na gclairseach binn
3BaT. a chlairseach bhinn! 'CAa,lJ,K03ByqHCUI appal' a chlairseacha binne BTOPOE CKAOHEHME

ClO,/J,a OTHOOITOI npaxararexeasre aa -tiil, a TaK2Ke aexoropeie npaxararexeasre aa -ir: c6ir 'CnpaBe,/J,AHBbIH', deacair 'TPYAHbIH', socair 'YCTOHqHBbIH' H T.,/J,.

POAHTeAbHblH nanez; MymcKoro pozia He acnsrrsrsaer H3MeHeHHH. B pOAHTeAbHOM

58

nanezse iKeHCKOrO pOJI,a KOHeqHbIH cor AacHbIH pacurapserca H K HeMY JI,06aBAHeTCR -a.

MHo3i:ecTBeHHoe 'IHCAO

PaCllIHpHeTCH KOHeqHbIH cor AaCHbIH H K HeMY JI,06aBAHeTCR -a TaK, KaK STO npOHCXOJI,HT B pOJI,HTeAbHOM naaezse iKeHCKoro pOJI,a.

C Yl!!eCTBHTeAbHble MY3i:CKOrO poaa

naJI,e3i:H E~.'I. MH.'I.
VIM. an gaisc loch rnisniuil 'xpa6pbIH BOHH' na gaisc Igh mhisniula
.llaT. don gaisc loch misniuil 'xpaoposry BOHHY' do na gaisc 19h mhisniula
POJI,. an ghaisc 19h mhisniuil 'xpa6poro BOHHa' na ngaisc loch misniul
3BaT. a ghaiscigh mhisniuil! 'xpa6pbIH BOHH!' a ghaisc Iocha misniual
VIM. an duine coir , CnpaBeJI,AHBbIH qeAOBeK , na daoine cora
.llaT. don duine coir , , do na daoine cora
CnpaBeJI,AHBOMY qeAOBeKY
POJI,. an duine choir 'CnpaBeJI,AHBOrO xexosexa' na ndaoine cora
3BaT. a dhuine choir! 'CnpaBeJI,AHBbIH qeAOBeK!' a dhaoine cora! C Yl!!eCTBHTeAbHble 3i:eHCKOro pona

na~e3i:H E~. 'I. MH. 'I.
11M. an bhean mhaisiuil 'MHAOBHJI,HaR iKeHIJ!HHa' na mna maisiula
4aT. don bhean mhaisiuil 'MHAOBHJI,HOH iKeHIJ!HHe' do na mna maisiula
POJI,. na rnna rnaisiula 'MHAOBHJI,HOH iKeHIJ!HHbI' na mban rnaisiuil
3BaT. a bhean mhaisiuil! 'MHAOBHJI,HaH iKeHIJ!HHa!' a mhna maisiulal
11M. an bhantiarna fhlaithiuil 'IMep,paJI Aep,H' na bantiamai fl~ithiut~
4aT. don bhantiarna fhlaithiuil \geJI,pOH AeJI,H' do na bantiamai flaithiula
POJI,. na bantiarna Ilaithiula 'IJ!eJI,pOH AeJI,H' na rnbantiarnai flaithiUla
3BaT. a bhantiarna fhlaithiUiI! 'IJ!eJI,paR AeJI,H!' a bhantiarnai flaithiUla! 59

TPETbE CKAOHEHHE

DpHJ\araTeJ\bHble rpereero CKJ\OHeHHR OKaH'lHBalOTCR aa rJ\aCHbIH. OHH He H3MeHRIOTCR KpOMe ztsyx: brea 'XOPOlllHH' H te 'TenJ\bIH': la brea 'XOPOllIHH .rr,eHb' - laethanta breathe 'xopounte .rr,HH'; la te 'TenJ\blH .rr,eHb' - laethanta teo 'renxsie .rr,HH'.

CTEnEHH CPABHEHHfl

06bl'lHO cpopMa cpaBHHTeJ\bHOH H npeaocxonsoii CTeneHH npaxararexenerx COBna.rr,aeT C CPOPMOH pozurrexsnoro naaeasa eziancraeaaoro 'IHCJ\a meHCKoro poaa: ard 'BbICOKHH' - airde '6oJ\ee BbICOKHH'; brea - breatha '6oJ\ee XOPOlllHH'; coir - cora '6oJ\ee CnpaBe)I.AHBbIH'; dathuil - dathula 'fioxee KpaCHBbIH'; deacair - deacra 'tioxee Tpy.rr,HbIH'; direach - did '6oJ\ee npRMoH'; fiain - fiaine '6oJ\ee .rr,HKHH'; fliuch - fliche '6oJ\ee MOKPbIH'; geal - gile '6oJ\ee HPKHH'; luath - luaithe '6oJ\ee CKOpbIH'.

DpHAaraTeJ\bHble na -Ioch ncxyxaror CJ\e.rr,ylO,!!YlO CPOPMY: buioch - buithi '6oJ\ee 6J\aro.rr,apHbIH'; faillioch - faillithi '6oJ\ee He6pemHbIH'; imnioch - imnithi '6oJ\ee 6ecnoKoHHbIH'; taithioch - taithlthi '6oJ\ee onbITHbIH'.

Henpaaaxsasre cpOpMbl: beag 'MaJ\eHbKHH' - lu '6oJ\ee MaJ\eHbKHH'; docha - doichl 'fioxee BepoHTHbIH'; fada - faide '6oJ\ee )I.AHHHbIH'; fogas - foisce '6oJ\ee 6J\H3KHH'; furasta - fusa '6oJ\ee J\erKHH'; gearr - giorra '6oJ\ee KOPOTKHH'; iomai - lia '6oJ\ee MHOrO'lHcJ\eHHbIH'; maith - fearr '6oJ\ee XOpOllIHH'; mor - m6 '6oJ\ee KpynHbIH'; ole - measa '6oJ\ee nxoxoii': sean - sine '6oJ\ee crapsrii'.

cPOPMbl cpaBHHTeJ\bHOH: H npesocxoaaoii CTeneHH cosnanaror. Pa3J\H'lHe Mem.rr,y CTeneHHMH ocytgecraxaerca 'laCTHgaMH: nios (cpaanarexsaas creneae) H is (npesocXO.rr,HaR crenesre}: Ta Peadar nios sine na Tomas 'DHTep crapure, 'IeM TOMac', r.rr,e na

, ,

'leM.

Oanaxo MHorHe npnxararexeasre He HMelOT cnegaaxeastx CPOpM cpaSHeHHR: T a an oiche nios dorcha na an la 'HO'Ib TeMHee .rr,HR' H T . s;

YacTHga nios HMeeT CPOPMY npourezanero speMeHH ni ba: Bhl an oiche ni ba dhorcha na an la 'HO'lb 6blJ\a 'rexnree .rr,HR'.

ConOCTaBHTeAbHiUI creneae

ConoCTaSHTeJ\bHaR creneas HMeeT KOHCTPYKgHlO «chomh 'TaK', 'HacToJ\bKO' +

60

npaxararexsaoe + npeaxor le 'c'»: Ta si chomh deas leis an bab6g seo 'OHa TaK me xpacaaa, KaK 9Ta KYKAa'; Ta an rnilsean chomh milis Ie mil 'KoH<f.JeTa raxaa CAap,KM, KaK Mep,'; cp.: Ta an milsean chomh milis sin 'KOH<f.JeTa TaKM CAaP,KM'.

A.zr,'beKTIiBHbIH npeaaxaras acer p,a IiMeeT <f.JOPMY ezmncreeanoro 'IIiCAa:

T a na cailini tuirseach ',lleBO'IKIi YCTaAIi'; T a na builli laidir 'Y ztapsr caxsasr': T a do lamha salach 'T BOIi PYKIi rpasasre'.

Memp,y Op,HOPOp,HbIMIi npaxararexenenra (Ii Hape'lIi~MIi) He CTaBIiTC~ coenaaaTeAbHblH COlO3 agus, xoraa OHIi HOC~T xapaxrep napxsrx: Ta an buachaill garbh laidir 'MaAb'lIiK rpy6blH Ii CIiAbHbIH'; Bhi an fear teann teagartha 'Mym'lIiHa 6blA nAOTHblH Ii KpenKIiH'; Bhi tine bhrea dhearg sa tintean 'Oroas 6bIA XOpOUIliM Ii KpaCHblM B oxare'.

Op,HaKO B onpeaexeanerx 3Ha'leH~X npaxararexsnere-rnpeaaxaraaer O<f.JOpMMIOTC~, KaK Hape'l~ (CM. HHme) C 'IacTligeH go: Bhi an mhaidin go brea grianmhar 'YTpO 6blAO noromliM Ii COAHe'lHbIM'; Ta an t-abhar go halainn 'Marepaax KpacHBbIH'; Ta se go maith 'AaP,Ho', 'XOPOIIIO'; Ta me go maith 'Y MeH~ see B nopaase' (oTBeT aa sonpoc Conas ata tu? = Conas taoi? 'KaK nomIiBaelIIb?').

3. Hape1JHe

Hapexae oqiopstxae'rcs 'IacTligeH go nepez; npliAaraTeAbHblM: go tapa '6bICTPO', go luath 'CKOPO', go moch 'pane', go deanach 'noaaao": Bhuail se go [aidir 'OH yztapxx CHAbHO'; Bhuail se go han-laidir 'OH yaapax O'leHb CIiAbHO'; Bhuail se go rolaidir 'OH ynapax CAHIIIKOM CHAbHO'; Bhuail se go garbh laidir 'OH yaapax rpyoo Ii CIiAbHO'.

4. qHcAHTeAbHbie

KOAH4ECTBEHHbIE 4HCAHTEAbHbIE

1-20:

1 a haon 2 a do

3 a tri

4 a ceathair

5 a cuig 6 a se

7 a seacht 8 a hocht

9 a naoi 10 a deich

11 a haon deag 12 a do dheag

61

13 a tri deag

14 a ceathair deag 15 a cuig deag

16 a se deag

17 a seacht deag 18 a hocht deag

19 a naoi deag 20 fiche

CBblUle 20:

21 fiche a haon 30 triocha

31 triocha a haon 40 daichead

50 caoga 60 seasca 70 seacht6 800cht6

90 n6cha 100 cead

200 dha chead 1000 mile

1333 mile tri chead triocha a tri 1 000 000 milliun

Bsnueysasanasre KOJl.Ht{eCTBeHHble t{HCJl.HTeJl.bHble npHMeHHIOTCH:

1) npa csere: a haon, a do H T.,lI..;

2) eCJl.H nepea HHMH CYl!!eCTBHTeJl.bHOe, aasacatgee OT HHX: sa bhliain mile, cuig chead n6cha a d6 'B 1592 r.': bus a do 'aBT06yc HOMep 2';

3) ,lI.JI.jI yxasanaa BpeMeHH: a haon a chlog 'xac', cuig noimead tar eis a do '5 MHHyT rpersero', leathuair tar eis a ceathair 'nOJl.nHTOrO', fiche noimead chun a se '6es 20 urecra', ceathni chun a do dheag '6es xeraepra 12';

4) xorza CYl!!eCTBHTeJl.bHOe BO MH.q. ynorpefixeao c npe,ll.J\oroM de: a cuig deag de bhlianta 6 shin '15 xer aasaa'.

HHiKe YKa3bIBaeTCH ynorperixeaae KOJl.HqeCTBeHHblX qHCJl.HTeJl.bHblX co CJl.e,ll.YIOI!!H· MH sa HHMH CYl!!eCTBHTeJl.bHbIMH.

1-2000:

1 aon chapall amhain 'oaaa xouraas'

4 ceithre chapall 5 cuig

6 se

7 seacht

8 ocht chapall 9 naoi

10 deich "

11 aon chapall deag

2 dha chapall 3 tri

62

20 fiche capall 30 triocha capall 70 seacht6 cap all
21 cap all is fiche 40 daichead " 80 ocht6 "
22 dha chapall is fiche 50 caoga " 90 n6cha "
23 trl chapall 60 seasca " 100 cead " 2000 dha mhile capall

C KOAH'ieCTSeHHbIMH 'iHCAHTeAbHbIMH ynorpedxaercs cYI£ecTSHTeAbHoe S ep,.'i. liM.n., KpOMe:

a) CYI£eCTSHTeAbHbIX bos 'KHCTb PYKH', br6g '60THHOK', cluas 'yxo', cos 'nora', lamh 'pysa', CTO}lI£HX nOCAe 'iHCAHTeAbHOrO 2 HAH OKaH'iHSaIOI£erOC}I aa "P,SOHKY" - 12: dhA chois '2 nora', dha bhr6ig deag '12 6aIllMaKos';

6) cYI£ecTBHTeAbHblx ceann 'roxosa', 'IllTYKa'; cloigeann 'roxosa, xepen', bliain 'roa' , fiche '20', uair 'pas', xoropsre CTaS}lTC}I so MH. 'i. nOCAe scex 'iHCAHTeAbHblX, KpOMe 1, 2, 0: se cinn deag '16 IllTYK', ocht gcloigne is daichead '48 rOMS (CKOTa)', r Jl,e is = agus, ceithre bliana '4 rona', tri fichid '3 p,aaP.!!aTKH = 60', ceithre huaire '4 pasa'.

APTHlC.i\b C qHCJ\HTeJ\bHbIMH

cPopMa ep,.'i. M.p. apTHKNI ynoTpe6N1eTC}I nepen:

a) aon, da, fiche, triocha ... n6cha, cead, mile: an t-aon bhean amhain 'oaaa iKeHI£HHa', an da chapall deag '12 xouraaeii' H

6) 'iHCAHTeAbHbIMH OT 3 zto 9, eCAH nOCAe HHX HP,YT cead, mile, milliun: an tri chead teach '300 P,OMOS', an ceithre mhile dheag fear '14 000 MY*'iHH'.

B OCTaAbHblX cxysasx ynoTpe6N1eTC}I apTHKAb so MH.'i.: na tri chu '3 rOH'iHX', na ceithre capall '4 AOIllaP,H', na cuig bliana deag '15 AeT', na naoi mbo dheag '19 KOpOS'.

npHJ\araTeJ\bHble C qHCJ\HTeJ\bHbIMH

nOCAe 'iHCAHTeAbHblX aon, fiche, trfocha ... n6cha, cead, mile, milliun npaxaraTeAbHble CTaS}lTC}I S ep,.'i. H S pone coartaaaror C CYI£eCTBHTeAbHbIM: aon fear m6r 'OJl,liH 60AbIllOH MY*'iHHa', aon bhean mhor 'oana 60AbIlla}! *eHI£HHa', an fiche capall

63

dubh '20 xepaerx xouraaeii', an cead bo dhubh '100 'IepHblX KOPOS', tri chead fear '300 60Jl.bllIliX Mym'lIiH', seacht mile bo dhubh '7000 xepaerx KOpOS'.

nOcJl.e 'IIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHbIX OT dha (2) ;:r,o naoi deag (19) npaxararexsnoe CTOIiT so MH. 'I. Ii xeaapyerca: dha (tri ... se) chapall mhora '2 (3 ... 6) 60Jl.bllIlie xomaaa': seacht (ocht ... deich) mbo bhana '7 (8 ... 10) 6eJl.blX KOPOS'; aon chat deag dhubha '11 KOllIeK', seacht (ocht, naoi) bpairc deag ghlasa '17 (18, 19) aexeasrx noxeil'.

O;:r,HaKO 06bl'lHO nocxe deag npliMeHRIOT cJl.e;:r,YIOIJ!YIO Mo;:r,eJl.b: aon (dha ... ) cheann deag de bhaid mhora ;:r,OCJI.. '1111ITYK (roxoa) 60Jl.bllIliX Jl.O;:r,OK'. C'IeTHoe CJl.OSO ceann MomeT 6blTb so MH.'I. npa OCTaJl.bHblX 'IIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHbIX: seacht gcinn de bhaid rnhora ;:r,OCJI.. '7 llITYK 60Jl.bllIliX Jl.O;:r,OK'.

YIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHOe da Sbl3bIBaeT Jl.eHIiIJIiIO Ii caxro noaaepraerca Jl.eHIiIJIiIi, ecxa nepez; HIiM He CTOIiT apTIiKJl.b eziaacraeaaoro 'IIiCJl.a: an da cheann ';:r,se roxoser'. npli npaTRmaTeJl.bHOM MeCTOIiMeHli1i meHCKoro pozta a 'ee' 'IIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHOe da 06bl'lHO xeaapyeTCR, HO CYlJ!eCTSIiTeJl.bHOe He noztsepraerca Jl.eHIiIJIiIi: a dha broig 'ee TYCPJl.Ii'. nplixararexenoe S CPYHKIJIiIi onpeaexenas IiMeeT CPOPMY MHomeCTseHHoro 'IIiCJl.a: an da chloich rnhora ';:r,sa 60Jl.bllIliX KaMHR', an da lachain bhana ';:r,se 6eJl.ble YTKIi'.

C06HPATEAbHbIE lJHCAHTEAbHbIE

2 beirt ';:r,soe' 3 triur 'Tpoe'

4 ceathrar ''IeTSepO'

5 cuigear 'narepo' 6 seisear 'nrecrepo' 7 seachtar 'cexrepo'

8 ochtar 'socsvepo'

9 naonur 'aesarepo' 10 deichniur 'ztecrrrepo'

v13 OCTaJl.bHblX 'IIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHbIX K STOMY paspazty OTHOCIiTCR TOJl.bKO dareag '12

,

'IeJl.OSeK.

nOcJl.e ;:r,aHHbIX 'IIiCJ\.IiTeJl.bHbIX CYlJ!eCTSliTeJl.bHOe 06bl'lHO CTOIiT S IiM.n. ezt.x.: beirt bhacach 'asoe XPOMbIX', ceathrar badoir ''IeTSepO Jl.O;:r,O'lHIiKOS', HO TaKme S poa.n. MH.'I.: beirt bhan 'ztse meHIJ!IiHbl', triur (ceathrar) ban 'TPIi (uererpe) meHIJ!IiHbl'.

npliJl.araTeJl.bHoe· me nocxe beirt IiMeeT CPOPMY MH.'I., Tor;:r,a KaK nocxe OCTaJl.bHblX cotiaparexsusrx 'IIiCJl.IiTeJl.bHbIX ynoTpe6J1.ReTCR npaxararexsnoe S e;:r,.'I.: triur fear rnor 'rpoe 60Jl.bllIliX Mym'lIiH', ceathrar bean beag '4 MaJl.eHbKlie meHIJ!IiHbl'.

64

nOP.HllKOBbIE lJHCAHTEAbHbIE

1-51 an chead chapall (bho, asal) 'nepsaa AOUlaAb (xoposa, ocex) ,

2-51 an dara * {* YnoTpe6AReTCR caMOCTORTeAbHO, npa OTCyrCTBHH ApyrHx 'IHCAHTeAbHbIX, a d6U caMOCTORTeAbHO He ynoTpe6AReTCR.}, dou capall (bo, asal) 'rrropas AOUlaAb (xoposa, ocex)"

3-51 an triu capall (bo, asal)

4-51 an ceathru capall (bo, asal) 5-51 an cuigiu capall (bo, asal) 6-51 an seu capall (bo, asal)

7 -51 an seachtu capall (bo, asal) 8-51 an t-ochtu capall (bo, asal) 9-51 an naou capall (bo, asal) 10-51 an deichiu capall (bo, asal)

11-51 an t-aonu cap all (bo, asal) deag 12-51 an d6U capall (bo, asal) deag 20-51 an fichiu capall (bo, asal)

21 an t-aonu (dou) capall (bo, hasal) is fiche '21-51 AOUlaAb (xoposa, ocex}'

30-51 triochadu capall (bo, asal) 211-51 an da chead is aonu (d6U) capall (bo, hasal) deag "211-51 AOurazts (xopoaa, ocex}".

40-51 an daicheadu capall (bo, asal)

50-51 an caogadu 60-51 an seascadu 70-51 an seachtodu "

"

" "

" "

80-51 an t-ochtodu "

90-51 an nochadu 100-51 an ceadu 1000-51 an miliu

"

"

" "

POlll1TEAbHbIH nN(E?K

KOJl.H'IeCTBeHHble '1HCJl.HTeJl.bHble

I1MeeT MeCTO H3MeHeHHe cfJOpMbI cytgecraarexenoro B pon.n. no CAe aon, xoraa rIOCAe aon HeT deag: dath aon chapaill arnhain 'MacTb OAHOH: AOUlaAH', i gcaitheamh na haon oiche arnhain sin 'aa npOTRmeHHH OAHOM TOM HO'IH'.

C OCTaAbHbIMH 'IHCAHTeAbHbIMH BMeCTO cfJOpMbI pOA.rI. cyrgecraarexenoro ynorpe6AReTcR cfJopMa HM.n., HO eCAH ecru apTHKAb, TO OH BAHReT aa Ha'IaAO 'IHCAHTeAbaoro TaK, KaK OH BAHRA 6bI na cytgecratrrexsaoe M.p., HO He xenapya f H s: luach dha bhallan dhubha 'geHa AByX xepnerx BOAOB': fear tri bh6 bheaga AOCA. 'ceno 'rpex MaAeHbKHX KOPOB'; c6iste se shuiochan deag 'saroa aa 16 MeCT'; suim fiche punt

65

'CYMMa B 20 <PYHTOB', stablai aon chapall deag 'KOHIOllIHH aa 11 AOllIa,ll.eH', luach an da chathaoir mhora '!!eHa ,lI.BYX 60AbllIHX cTYAbeB', luach na dtri bho bheaga '!!eHa rpex MaAeHbKHX KOPOB', costas an fiche (seacht6, mhile) teach 'CTOHMOCTb 20 (70, 1000) ,lI.OMOB'.

Co6HpaTeJ\bHble QHCAHTeJ\bHble

H3MeHeHIDI <POPMbI 'IHCAHTeAbHoro B poa.n, He npOHCXO,ll.HT, eCAH TOAbKO apTHKAb He CTOHT nepezt beirt. Cp.: clann bheirt dearthair H clann na beirte dearthair ',lI.eTH 060HX 6paTbeB'. APTHKAb BAIDIeT aa naxaxo OCTaAbHbIX 'IHCAHTeAbHbIX TaK, KaK OH BAIDIA 6bI aa CYl!!eCTBHTeAbHoe M.p.: scoil an ochtar muinteoir ,lI.OCA. 'urxoxa BOCbMepsrx Y'IHTeAeH', teach an tseisear sagart ,lI.OCA. ',lI.OM urecrepsrx cBHl!!eHHHKoB'. Ho eCAH aa 'IHCAHTeAbHbIMH He cxeayer CYl!!eCTBHTeAbHoe, TO ynoTpe6AAeTCH <popMa poa.n.: troid beirte '6HTBa ,lI.BOHX', diol triuir 'rrpoztaasa TpOHX'.

nOpHAKOBble QHCJ\HTeJ\bHble

06bI'IHO apTHKAb CTaBHTCH nepezt nepBbIM 'IHCAHTeAbHbIM scero nOpH,lI.KOBOrO 'IHCAHTeAbHoro, eCAH nepea HHM He CTOHT nparazcarexsaoe MeCTOHMeHHe HAH gach 'Kam,lI.blif: an da chead is ceathni la '20-H ,lI.eHb', HO a fhichii; bliain 'ero 20-H roa'.

Cead 'nepBbIH' xeaapyerca nOCAe apTHKAA, eCAH neoes; apTHKAeM HeT npeztxora.

CYI!!ecTBHTeAbHOe nOCAe cead CKAOHReTCH, a apTHKAb corAacyeTcH C HHM B 'IHCAe H pozte: an chead fhear 'nepBbIH Mym'lHHa', clann an chead fhir ',lI.eTH nepsoro MYm'lHHbI'; an chead bhean 'nepaaa meHI!!HHa', clann na chead rnhna ',lI.eTH nepaoii meHI!!HHbI'.

[Tepez; OCTaAbHbIMH rropH,lI.KOBbIMH 'IHCAHTeAbHbIMH acerzta CTOHT apTHKAb M.p., H COOTHOCHl!!eeCH C HHM CYl!!eCTBHTeAbHoe HHKor,ll.a He CKAOHHeTCH: inion an dara bean ',lI.O'Ib BTOPOH meHI!!HHbI', hata an triu cailleach 'mxsrta TpeTbeH crapyxa', br6ga an seii girseach 'TY<PAH 6-H ,lI.eBO'lKH'.

l(P06H

1/2 leath

1/3 trian

1/4 ceathru 2/3 dha thrian

3/4 tri cheathru 4/5 ceithre chuigiu 5/6 cuig sheu

7/8 seacht n-ochtu

9/10 naoi ndeichiu 1/100 ceadu

66

5. MeCTOHMeHHH

AJ11·IHbIE MECTOHMEHHSI

. , ,

sinn Mbl

, ,

OHa

MH. 'I.

3-e

siad 'OHH'

YiMelOTcR TaKme 9McpaTH'IeCKHe CPOPMbl, aa xoropsre naaaer AOrH'IeCKOe yzrapeHlie:

AH~O EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e mise , , sinne , ,
R Mbl
Z-e tusa , , sibh-se 'Bbl'
Tbl
3-e , , , , siad-se , ,
seisean OH , sise OHa OHH KpOMe roro, HMelOTCR ocofisre CPOPMbl MecToliMeHHH 2-ro AH!,!a e,ll,.":!. nOCAe rxacaoro Ii 3-ro AH!,!a ezi, H MH.":!., acnoxssyessete B CPYHK!,!HH ,lI,OnOAHeHIiR nepexozmoro rxaroxa: thu 'Te6R', e 'ero', I 'ee', iad 'IiX', HanpHMep: buailim e (I, iad) 'R yaapso ero (ee, HX)'; usaidtear iad 'HX IiCnOAb.3YIOT'; chonaic se thU 'OH YBH,lI,eA Te6R'.

nPHTSlmATEAbHbIE MECTOHMEHHSI

YiMelOTcR HeH.3MeHReMble CPOpMbl rpex Ali!,! e,ll,.":!. H MH.":!.

J\HgO EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e , ... , (xeaapyer) ar , , (saryxaaae)
mo MOH Haw
2-e do 'TBoH' (xeaapyer) bhur 'aaur' (saryxanae)
3-e , ero' (xeaapyer ), a 'ee , , HX' (saryxaaae)
a a 67

cPOPMbI mo H do yrpa-raaaror 0 nepez; rAaCHbIM, d B do H3MeWleTCR B t: m'athair 'MOH oreg', t' athair 'TBOH oreg'.

Cytgecrntrrexeaoe nocxe rrpHTRlKaTeAbHoro MeCTOHMeHHR MOlKeT rrpHHHMaTb aM<paTH'IeCKHe 'IaCTHgbI, pa3HRr,gHeCR no KOHe'lHOMY cor AaCHOMY cyrgecraarexenoro:

J\H!!O E~. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e -sa, -se -na, -ne
2-e -sa, -se -sa, -se
3-e M.p. -san, -sean lK.p. -sa, -se -san, -sean HarrpHMep: mo mhac-sa 'MOH-TO CbIH', a hinion-sa 'ee-ro )1,O'lb', a bpairc-sean 'HX-TO noxe' H T.)1,.

B pa3rOBopHOM R3bIKe <PYHKgHIO rrpHTRlKaTeAbHbIX MecToHMeHHH 'IaCTO BbII10AHRIOT rrpe)1,AOIKHble MeCTOHMeHHR (CM. )1,aAee): an fhoireann againn 'nama KOMaH)1,a',

, ,

)1,OCA. KOMaH)1,a y Hac H T.)1,.

YKA3ATEAbHbIE MECTOI1MEHIUI

"3TOT" H "TOT" BblpaIKaIOTC5I rrOCTrr03HTHBHbIMH seo 'aTOT' H sin, ud, siud 'TOT', rrpH6aBA5IeMbIMH K cyr,geCTBHTeAbHOMY B Orrpe)1,eAeHHOH rpopxre: an maide seo 'ara naxxa', an bhr6g sin "ra TY<PA5I', an cnoc lid 'BOH TOT XOAM'.

YCHAHTeAbHbIM CAOBOM 51BA5IeTCR Fein 'caw': me Fein '51 caw', smn Fein 'MbI caMH' (cp, Ha3BaHHe rrOAHTH'IeCKOH opraansagaa WHHH cPeHH).

nOCAe cytgecrarrrexuaoro C rrpHT5IlKaTeAbHbIM MeCTOHMeHHeM Fein 3Ha'lHT ·"C06CTBeHHbIH": ar dtalamh Fein 'naura c06CTBeHHa5! 3eMA5I'. KpoMe roro, Fein MOlKeT CAe)1,Osaru aa rAarOAOM: beimid Fein ann 'MbI 6Y)1,eM TaM caMH'. 4aAee, Fein MOlKeT HMeTb ana-rexne ")1,alKe": Ta an rnhoin Fein gann i mbliana '4alKe TOp<pa He XBaTaeT B aTOM rozry': Do bhios ag caint leis inniu Fein '51 rOBopHA C HHM )1,alKe CerO)1,H5!'.

Cyigecrsare.osnoe cuid ''IaCTb' rrpHMeH5!eTC5! rrocxe rrpHT5!lKaTeAbHbIX MeCTOHMeHHH C HeHC'IHCA5IeMbIMH cyr,geCTBI1TeAbHbIMH: a chuid airgid (poa.n.) 'ero zienera', mo chuid coirce 'MOH osec', a gcuid oibre (I1M.rr. obair) 'HX patiora'.

68

6. fAaroA

nPABHAbHbIE r AAfOAbI

[Ipasnxsaere rwaroxsr pacnpeae.onorca no ~ByM cnpHmeHHHM.

nEPBOE CnPH1KEHHE

K nepBOMY cnpaasemno OTHOCHTCH: a) rxaroxer C O~HOCAomHbIM rcopnev H 6) rxaro.xer C MHorOCAomHblM xopne«, OKaH'IHBalOI,!!HecH na -ail, H rpynna ztpyrnx MHorOCAomHblX rAarOAOB. KopHeM C'IHTaeTCH <popMa 2-ro A. e~.'I. noaexarexaaor-o HaKAOHeHHH.

H sesununemsnoe natoionenue

HaCTOHl!!ee BpeMH

AH!!O E.zt. q. MH. q. Ea. q. MH. q.
mol aim (KopeHb mol) ·XBa.UO , brisim (bris) • ,
./\OMaro
1-e molaim molaimid brisim brisimid
Z-e molann tu molann sibh briseann tu briseann sibh
3-e mol ann se (si ] molann siad briseann se (sl) briseann siad
(naccaa) moltar , , (naccaa) bristear 'AoMalOT',
XBaMlT
, ,
AOMaeTCH Opome.ztmee BpeMH

1-e mhol me mho lamar bhris me bhriseamar
, ,
H nOXBaAHA
Z-e mhol tu mhol sibh bhus tu bhris sibh
3-e mhol se mhol siad bhris se bhris siad
(naccaa) moladh 'xBaAHAH , (naccan) briseadh 'AOMaAH',
, ,
AOMaACH 69

MTepaTHBHoe (nOBTOpSIIOll!eeCH) npoureanree BpeMJI

AHuo EJ.\. q. MH. q. EJ.\. q. MH. q.
1.e mholainn 'H mholaimis bhrisinn bhrisimis
06bl"lHO XBaAHA ,
Z.e mholta mholadh sibh bhriste a bhriseadh sibh
3.e mholadh se mholaid fs bhriseadh s e bhrisidfs
(naCCHS) moltaf '06bl"lHO XSaAHAH , (naccaa) bhristf '06bl"lHO AOMaAH',
, ,
AOMaACH 1-e molfaidh me molfaimid brisfidh me brisfimid
, ,
nOXBaAlO
Z.e molfaidh tu molfaidh sibh brisfidh tu brisfidh sibh
3-e molfaidh s6 molfaidh siad brisfidh se brisfidh siad
(naccaa) molfar 'nOXSaAHT' (naccaa) brisfear 'cxoaaior , COCJlazamellbHoe Ha1UlOHeHue

1-e mholfainn mholfaimis bhrisfinn bhrisfimis
, H XSaAHA 6bl , , H CAOMaA 6bl ,
Z·e mholfa mholfadh sibh bhrisfea bhisfeadh sibh
3-e mholfadh se mholfaidfs bhrisfeadh se bhrisfidfs
(naccas) mholfaf 'nOXBaAHAH 6bl' (naccae) bhrisff 'CAOMaAH 6bl' if1ellamellbHoe Ha1UlOHeHue

1-e mol a me molaimid brise me brisimid
, , , ,
zia BOCXSaAlO zta CAOMalO
z., mol a tu mola sibh brise tti brise sibh
3-e mala se mol a siad brise se brise siad
(rraccas) mol tar ',lI,a BOCXBaAHT , (naccas] bristear 'aa CAoMalOT' 70

Il oeenumenunoe HaK.llOHeHUe
J\H!,!O E~. q. MH. q. E~. q.
t-e - molaimis -
Z-e mol 'xBaAH' molaigi bris , u,
AOMaH
3-e moladh se molaidis briseadh se MH. q.

brisimis

brisigi

brisidis

OmZJlaWJlbHOe UMR

moladh 'BOCXBaAeHHe' H briseadh 'AoMKa'

Cmpa4ameJlbHOe nput.tacmue npowe4wew BpeMeHU (omZJlaWJlbHOe npuJlaZameJlbHoe)

molta 'noxaaxeaaerii' H briste 'cAoMaHHbIH'

npH 06pa.30BaHl1H orrxaroxsaoro npaxararexsaoro xopeas rxaroxa aa -b, -c, -g, om, -p, -(r)r nOAYlJaeT OKOHlJaHHe -tha HAH -the B .3aBHCHMOCTH OT roro, IllHpOKHe HAH Y3KHe nsnueyxaaanaere corxacmae: lubtha 'COrHYTbIH', glactha 'npHHHTbIH', eiscthe 'HCKAlOlJeHHbIH', creimthe 'pa.3be,lJ,eHHbIH'.

ECAH OKaHlJHBalOIJ!HHCH aa -bh HAH na -rnh xopeas noxyxaer OKOHlJaHHe -tha, TO pe.3YAbTaTOM HBAHeTCH -fa: gabh+tha > gafa 'noAYlJeHHbIH', snarnh+tha > snala 'KOTOPbIH npOnAbIA1-I', ,lJ,OCA. 'npOnAbITbIH'.

EOAbiliaH xacre OTrAarOAbHbIX HMeH HMeeT OKOHlJaHHe -(e)adh, HO CYIJ!eCTByeT MHoro HCKAlOlJeHHH.

r .i\arO.i\bl C MHOrOC.i\02KHbIM KopHeM

sabhalaim (sabhail) 'cnacaro', 'coeperaro' 1-1 taispeanaim (taispean)

, ,

nOKa.3bIBalO

71

113'bJlBume.llbHoe HaK.llOHeHUe
HaCTOHlJ!ee BpeMH
AHgO EA. 'I. MH. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e sabhalaim sabhalaimid taispeanaim taispeanaimid
Z-e sabhalann tu sabhalann sibh taispeanann tu taispeanann sibh
3-e sabhalann se sabhalann iad taispeanann se taispeanann siad (naCCHB) sabhaltear 'cnacaror'

(naCCHB) taispeantar 'noxaseraaror'

Flpomeanree BpeMH

1-e shabhail me shabhalamar thaispeain me thaispeanamar
Z-e shabhail tu shabhail sibh thaispeain tu thaispeain sibh
3-e shabhail se shabhail siad thaispeain se thaispeain siad
(naccaa) sabhaladh '6b1A cnacea' (naccas) taispeanadh 'noxasaxa' 11TepaTHBHo:e (noaropmergeeca] npomeanree BpeMH

1-e shabhalainn shabhalairnis thaispeanainn thaispeanamis
Z-e shabhailtea shabhaladh sibh thaispeanta thaispeanadh sibh
3-e shabhaladh se shabhalaid ls thaispeanadh se thaispeanaid is
(rraccaa) shabhailti 'cnacaxa' (naccaa) thaispeantai 'nOKa3blBaAH' IiYAYI!!ee BpeMH

1-e sabhalfaidh sabhalfaimid taispeanfaidh me taispeanfaimid
Z-e sabhalfaidh ttl sabhalfaidh sibh taispeanfaidh ttl taispeanfaidh sibh
3-e sabhallaidh se sabhalfaidh siad taispeanfaidh se taispeanfaidh siad
(naccaa) sabhalfar 'cnacyr' (naccan) taispeanlar 'rroxazcyr' 72

Coc.unamesenoe HaK..llOHeHUe

AH¥,!O EA. 'I. MH. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
i-e shabhalfainn shabhalfaimie thaispeanlainn thaispeanfamis
Z-e shabhalfa shabhalladh sibh thaispeanfa thaispeanfadh sibh
3-e shabhalfadh se shabhalfaid is thaispeanfadh se -thaispeanfaid is
(naccaa) shabhalfai 'CnaCJl.H 6bl' (naccaa) thaispeanfai ' nOKa.3aJl.H 6bl' i-e sabhala me sabhalaimid taispeana me taispeanamid
Z-e sabhala tu sabhala sibh taispeana tu taispeana sibh
3-e sabhala se sabhala siad taispeana se taispeana siad
(rraccaa) sabhailtear 'JI,a cnacyr' (naccaa) taispeantar 'aa noxazcyr' n oeenumenenoe HaK..llOHeHUe

i-e - sabhalaimis - taispeanaimis
Z-e slibhail sabhalaigi taispean taispeanaigi
3-e sabhaladh se sabhalaidis taispeanadh se taispeanaid is
(naccaa) sabhailtear , , (naccaa) taispeantar 'nycrs noxaasyr'
nycre cnacyr OmZJlaZOJlbHOe UMR

sabhail 'crracaaae' H taispeaint 'noxas'

Cmpa4ameJlbHOe npuLfacmue npoUle4Ulezo BpeMeHu sabhailte 'cnacennsn!' H taispeanta 'noKa3aHHbIH'

r.l\arO.l\bl C 0AHOC.I\02KHbIMH KOpHRMH aa -igh

bairn (baigh) 'TOHY', 'TOnJl.lO' H doim (d6igh) '*ry', 'ropto'

H 3'bRBUmeJlbHOe HaK..llOHeHUe

HaCTORQ!ee BpeMR

AH¥,!O EA. 'I. MB. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
i-e bairn baimid doim doimid
Z-e bann tu bann sibh donn tu donn sibh
3-e bann se bann siad donn se donn siad
( rIaCCHB) bai tear , , (naccaa) d6itear '*ryr'
TonHT 73

Flpoureanree BpeMH

.J\.H!!,O E.zt. q . MH. q. Ea. q. MH. q.
i-e bhaigh me bhamar dhoigh me dh6mar
2-e bhaigh ttl bhaigh sibh dh6igh ttl dh6igh sibh
3-e bhaigh se bhaigh siad dhoigh se dhoigh siad
(llaCCHB) badh 'IlOTOllHAH , (llaCCHB) dodh 'comrAH , HTepaTHBHoe [noeropmosgeeca] npomeznuee BpeMH

1-e bhainn bhaimis dh6inn dhoimis
2-e bhaitea bhaigh sibh dhoitea dh6dh sibh
3-e bhadh se bhaidis dh6dh se dhoidis
(llaCCHB) bhait i . , (llaCCHB) dh6iti . ,
TOllHAH mrAH
6y.ztYl!!ee BpeMH
1-e bafaifh me balaimid dolaidh me dolaimid
2-e bafaifh tu bafaidh sibh dolaidh tu dolaidh sibh
3-e bafaifh se bafaidh siad dolaidh se d6faidh siad
(llaCCHB) bafar . , (llaCCHB) dofar . coasryr ,
IlOTOll5lT Cocsaiamenenoe HaiUlOHeHUe

i-e bhMainn bhaifaimis dholainn dholairnis
2-e bhMa bhMadh sibh dh6fa dh6fadh sibh
3-e bhafadh se bhalaid is dh6fadh se dhofaid is
(naccns) bhala i . IlOTOllHAH 6bI , (rraccna) dhofal . comrAH 6bI , JfleAameAbHoe natoionenue

1-e ba me baimid do me d6imid
2-e ba tu ba sibh d6 tu do sibh
3-e ba se ba siad do se do siad
(naccaa] baitear • /l.a TOll5lT , (naccaa) d6itear ·/l.a mryr' 74

Il OBeAUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe

AHY,O EA, q, MH, q, EA, q, MH, q,
l-e - baimis - doimis
2-e baigh baigi d6igh d6igi
3-e badh se baidis dodh se doidis
(naCCI'IB) baitear , , (naCCHB) doitear 'nYCTb mrYT'
nYCTb TOnHT Om2.AaWAbHoe UMR

ba 'YTOnAeHHe' H do 'ropeaae'

Cmpa.aameAbHoe npU"1.acmue npOUlMUlew BpeMeHU baite 'noronxeaaeni' H doite 'cropeauraii'

r.i\arOJl.hl THna leim (leigh) 'qHTaIO' H fim (figh) 'TKY' l1.s'bRBUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe

HacTORll!ee BpeMR

AHY,O EA, q, MH, q, EA, q, MH, q,
l-e leim leimid fim firnid
Z.e teann tu leann sibh fionn tu fionn sibh
3-e Mann se leann siad fionn se fionn siad
(naccaa) leitear , , (naccaa) fitear 'TKYT'
l.{HTaIOT npomeAmee BpeMR

1.e leigh me leamar d'fhigh me d'fhimar
Z.e leigh til leigh sibh d'fhigh til d' fhigh sibh
3-e leigh se leigh siad d'fhigh se d'fhigh siad
(naccas) leadh 'npOl.{HTaAH , (rtaccaa) fiodh 'COTKaAH' I-hepaTHBHoe (noaropmotgeeca] npomeamee BpeMR

l-e leinn leimis d'fhinn d'fhimis
2-e Ieitea leadh sibh d'Ihitea d'fhiodh sibh
3.e leadh se leidis d'fhiodh d'fhidis
(naccaa) leiti , , (naccaa) d'fhiti 'TKaAH'
l.{HTaJ\H 75

Augo EJt. 'I. MH. 'I. EJt. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e leifidh me leifimid fifidh me fifimid
Z-e leifidh tu leifidh sibh fifidh tu fifidh sibh
3.e leifldh se leifidh siad fifidh se fifidh siad
(naccaa) leifear '6y)l.yr 'lHTaTb , (naCCHB) fifear '6y)l.yr TKaTb' CoC/zawmeAbHoe HaKAOHeHUe

1-e leifinn leifirnis d'fhifinn d'fhifimis
Z-e leifea leifeadh sibh d'fhffea d'fhifeadh sibh
3-e leifeadh se leifidis d'fhifeadh se d'fhifidis
(naCCHB) leifi ''lHTaAH 6bl , (naCCHB) d'fhifi 'TKaAH 6bl' 1-e le me lei mid fi me fimid
Z-e le tu le sibh fi tu fi sibh
3-e Ie se le siad fi se fi siad
(rraccaa) leitear ')l.a 'lHTalOT , ( naccaa) f itear , ,
)l.a rxyr n oeenumenunoe HaKAOHeHUe

1-e - leimis - fimis
z., leigh leigi figh fig!
3-e [eadh se leidis fiodh se fidis
(naccaa) leitear 'nycrs 'lHTalOT' (naccaa) f itear , ,
nYCTb 'rxyr OmlAaWAbHoe UMJl

leamh ''lTeHHe' H fi 'TKa'leCTBO'

Cmpa4ame.lbHoe nausssusss npoUle4Ulew BpeMeHu leite 'npO'lHTaHHbdi' H Hte 'coTKaHHbIH'

76

BTOPOE CnPHlKEHHE

f.l\arO.l\br' C MHOrOC.I\OmHblM KOpHeM aa -(a)igh

beannaim (beannaigh) '6AarOCJ\OBNUO' H cruinnim (cruinnigh) 'cooaparc' HS'bRBUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe

HaCTOHl!!ee BpeMH

AH!,!O EA. 'I. MH. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e beannaim beannaimid cruinn im cruinnimid
Z-e beannaionn tu beannaionn sibh cruinn ionn tu cruinn Ionn sibh
3-e beannalonn se beanna ionn siad cruinn i onn se cruinn ionn siad
(rtaccaa) beannai tear '6J\arocJ\oBNlIOT' (rraccaa) cruinn i tear 'co6HpaIOT' npomeAmee BpeMH

1-e bheannaigh me bheannaiomar chruinnigh me chruinniomar
Z-e bheannaigh tu bheannaigh sibh chruinnigh tu chruinnigh sibh
3-e bheannaigh se bheannaigh siad chruinnigh se chruinnigh siad
(naccas) beannaiodh '6blJ\ 6J\arocJ\oBJ\eH' (rraccaa) cruinniodh '6blJ\ coopaa' ~fTepaTHBHoe [noaropasotgeeca) npoureanree BpeMH

1-e bheannainn bheannaimis chruinn inn chruinn imis
Z-e bheanna i tea bheannaiodh sibh chruinn i tea chruinn iodh sibh
3-e bheannaiodh se bheanna id is chruinniodh se chruinn Id is
(rraccaa) bheanna i ti '6J\arocJ\oBNlJ\H' (naccna) chruinn it i 'cooapaxa' 1-e beann6idh me beann6imid cruinneoidh me cruinneoimid
Z-e beann6idh tu beann6idh sibh cruinneoidh tu cruinneoidh sibh
3-e beann6idh se beann6idh siad cruinneoidh se cruinneoidh siad
(naccaa) beann6far '6J\arocJ\omlT' (rraccaa) cruinneofar 'co6epyr , 77

Coouuamenenoe HaK.lZOHeHUe

AH¥,!O EA. q. MH. q. EA. q. MH. q.
1.e bheann6inn bheann6imis chruinneoinn chruinneoimis
z., bheannofa bheann6dh sibh chruinneofa chruinneodh sibh
3·e bheann6dh se bheann6idis chruinneodh se chruinneoid is
(naccaa) beannofai '6AarocAoBHAH 6bI' (naccaa) chruinneofai 'cofiapaxa 6bI , 1.e beannai me beannaimid cruinni me cruinnimid
2·e beannai tu beanna i sibh cruinni tu cruinni sibh
3.e beannai se beanna i siad cruinni se cruinn i siad
( naccas) beanna i tear , .rr.a 6AarOCAOBjlT , (naccaa) cruinn Itear '.rr.a co6epyr' Tloeesumensnoe HaK.lZOHeHUe

1.e - beannaimis - cruinnimis
2.e beannaigh beannaigi cruinnigh cruinn igi
3.e beannaiodh se beannaid is cruinn iodh se cruinn idis
( naccaa) beanna i tear , nYCTb 6AarOCAOBjlT , (naccaa) cruinnitear 'nycre co6epyr' Om2..lZa2.0.lZbHOe UMR

beannu '6AarocAoBAeHHe' H cruinniu 'coop'

Cmpa4ame.lZbHOe npw-tacmue npOUle4Ule2.0 BpeMeHu

beannaithe '6AarocAoBAeHHbli:f H cruinnithe 'co6paHHbIH'

CHHKonHpOBaHHble r J\arOJ\bl (c BblDalleHHeM r J\acHoro)

CHHKonHpOBaHHble rAarOJ\bl C KopHeM na -(a)il, -(a)in, -(a)ir, -(a)is ceanglaim (ceangail) 'CBjl3bIBalO' H imrim (imir) 'nrpaic'

78

H 3'bRBUme.llbHOe HaK.IlOHeHUe
Hacromgee BpeMJI
ARgo EA. 'I. MH. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e ceangiairn ceanglaimid imrim imrimid
2-e ceanglainn to ceangla ionn sibh imr ionn to imrionn sibh
3-e ceanglaionn se ceanglaionn siad imrionn se imrfonn siad (rraccaa) ceangla itear 'cmI3bIBaIOT'

(rraccaa) imritear 'HrpaIOT'

npomeAmee BpeMJI

1-e cheangail me cheangla f omar d'imir me d'imriomar
2-e cheangail ttl cheangail sibh d'irnir to d'imir sibh
3-e cheangail se cheangail siad d'imir se d'imir siad
(naccaa) ceangla i odh 'CBR3aJlH' (naccaa) imriodh 'csrrpaxn' l'hepaTRBHoe [noa'roparorgeeca) npomeanree BpeMJI

1-e cheangla f nn cheangla imis d'imr inn d'imrimis
2-e cheanglaitea cheanglaiodh sibh d'imr itea d'imr iodh sibh
3-e cheangla f odh se cheangla id is d'imr iodh se d'imr lodh siad
(naccaa) cheangla it i 'cBR3bIBaAH' (naccaa) d'imr iti 'nrpaxa' 1-e ceangloidh me ceangloimid imreoidh me imreoimid
2-e ceangloidh ttl ceangl6idh sibh imreoidh tu imreoidh sibh
3-e ceangloidh se ceangloidh siad imreoidh se imreoidh siad
(rraccHB) ceanglofar 'CBRLKYT' (naccaa) imreofar 'cetrparor' Coc.uuamemmoe HaK/lOHeHUe

l-e cheangloinn cheangloimis d'imreoinn d'imreoimis
2-e cheanglola cheangl6dh sibh d'imreofa d'imreodh sibh
3-e cheanglodh se cheangloid is d'imreodh se d'imreoidis
(naccna) cheangl6faf 'CB513aAH 6bI' (rraccaa) d'imreofaf 'csrrpaxa 6bI' 79

J/}eJlameJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHUe
J\H!!O EA. q. MH. q. EA. q. MH. q.
1-e ceanglai me ceanglairnid imrf me imrfmid
2-e ceanglai tu ceanglai sibh imr i tu imrf sibh
3-e ceanglai se ceanglai siad imrf se imri siad (naccaa) ceanglaitear 'p,a cBHLKyr'

( naccaa) imrf tear 'p,a cerrpaior'

Il oeenumenunoe HaKJlOHeHUe

i-e - ceangla f mis - irnr imis
2-e ceangail ceanglaig i irrur imr ig I
3-e ceanglaiodh se ceangla f d I s imrfodh se imr id is
(naccaa) ceangla Hear , , (naccae) imritear 'rrycrs arpaior'
nycre CBHLKyr OmlJlaZOJlbHOe UMR

ceangal 'CBH3bIBaHHe' H imirt 'arpa'

Cmpa4ameJlbHOe npwwcmue npOULe4UleZO BpeMeHu ceangailte 'cBH3aHHbIH' H imeartha 'cblrpaHHbIH'

HEnPABHAhHhIE r AAfOAhI

4M HenpaBHJ\bHbIX rJ\arOJ\OB xapaxrepna cynnJ\eTHBHOCTb, T.e. pa3J\WiHble HX <POPMbl 06pa3YlOTcH OT pasaerx xopneii, npHqeM nexoropsre aenpaaaxensre r xaroxer 06J\ap,alOT OC060H 3aBHcHMoH <pOPMOH, KOTOPaH cxeztyer:

a) aa COlO3aMH da 'ecxa', go (gur) * {* B cxofixax npasezteasr <pOPMbI npoureamere BpeMeHH}'qTO', mura (rnurar) 'eCJ\H He', nach (nar) ''ITO He', sula (sular) 'rrpeacp,e qeM', 'qT06bl He';

6) aa oTpHgaHHeM nf (nfor)

, ,

He;

B) aa BonpOCHTeJ\bHbIMH qaCTHgaMH an (ar)

, ,

J\H ;

r-) sa BonpOCHTeJ\bHbIM CJ\OBOM ca (car) 'rae':

,'1,) aa OTHOCHTeJ\bHbIMH MeCTOHMeHHHMH a (ar) 'xoroporo' (TOJ\bKO KaK ztonoxneHHe), da (dar) < de + a (ar) 'qeH', 'H3 KOTOPbIX', 'TO, 'ITO'.

80

YKa3aHHble S cKo6KaX cpOpMbI 8TH X BCnOMOraTeAbHblX CAOB aa -r He ynorpecMIIOTCH B npour. BpeMeHH H3'bHBI1TeAbHOro HaKAOHeHHH nepez; r AarOAaMH deanaim 'jI,eAalO' H teim 'xoacy' B HX OC06blX 3aBHCHMbIX rpopvax, a rarose C r AarOAaMH deirim 'rOBOplO', faighim 'noxyxaro", feicim 'BHmy', taim 'ecne '.

npUMeLfaHue: lAaZOA deirim 'ZOBOplO' He AeHupyemcR nOCAe ompuuanust ni, a maKJlCe nOCAe ma 'eCAU': ni deirimis 'Mbl He ZOBapUBaAU'; m« deiridis 'ecAu Mbl ioeapueanu': OmHocumeAbHblu COIO.3 a nUUlemCR CAumHO mOAbKO C lAaWAOM 6blmuR tsim 'ecMb': atsim, ala, alaimid ... 'icomopoio R, mer. OH, Mbl .. .'.

Flepea raibh '6bIA' BMeCTO OTpl1jJaHI1H nponr, sp, nior 11 nar ynoTpe6.AHIOTCH ni, na,

r.l\aroJ\. beirim 'oepy', 'po3i:alO' H .8'bRBUme/lbHOe HaK.llOHeHUe Hacromgee apesra

npowe,ztwee speMR

AH!!O En. q. MH. q. Ea. q. MH. q.
1-e beirim beirimid rug me rugamar
Z-e beireann ttl beireann sibh rug ttl rug sibh
3-e beireann se beireann siad rug se rug siad
(naccaa) beirtear '6epyr' (n.) rugadh 'P0jI,I1ACR', '6b1A B3HT' HTepaTHsHoe (noar.] npow. npesta

liy,ztYQ!ee speMR

1-e bheirinn bheirimis bearfaidh me bearfaimid
Z-e bheirtea bheireadh sibh bearfaidh ttl bearfaidh sibh
3-e bheireadh se bheiridis bearfaidh se bearfaidh siad
(naCCI1B) bheirt i , , ( naccaa) bearfar 'B03bMyr •
pomjI,a.AH Cocnauimem.noe HaK/lOHeHUe

itle/lame/lbHOe HaK.llOHeHUe

1-e bhearlainn bhearfaimis beire me beirimid
Z-e bhearfa bhearfadh sibh beire tu beire sibh
3-e bhearfadh se bhearfaid is beire se beire siad
(nacCI1B) bhearfai , B3HAI1 6bl , (naccaa) beirtear 'jI,a B03bMyr' 81

Il OBCAUmCAbHOC HaKAOHCHUC

J\H!!O EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e - beirimis
2-e beir beirig i
3-e beireadh se beirid is
(naccaa) beirtear , ,
nYCTb B03bMYT OmZAalOAbHOC UMR breith '6paTb'

Cmpa4ameAbHOC npw-tacmuc npoz.uC4WClO BpeMeHU

beirthe 'B3HTbIH'

f.l\arOJ\bl cloisim H cluinim • CJ\bIWY'

.l{aHHble r J\arOJ\bI npaaaxsaere sa HCKJ\lO'leHHeM cpOpM npourezunero BpeMeHH, B

KOTOPOM HX cpOpMbI coananaror:

I-e J\. chuala me 2-e J\. chuala tu 3-e J\. chuala se (naccas) chualathas 'CJ\bII.lIaJ\H'

OmzAalOAbHoe UMR

cloisteail, cluinstin 'cJ\bII.lIaHHe' (nocx.)

npu1..£acmue npoz.ue4z.uezo BpeMeHu cloiste, cluinte 'ycJ\bII.lIaHHbIH'

r J\aroJ\ dean aim • AeJ\aJO' (on J\. HMB deanamh • AeJ\aTb', "PH'I. deanta • cneJ\aHHbIH' )

.l{aHHbIH rxarox - O.z:r.HH H3 caMblX yrtorpeoarexeaerx, TaK KaK BbICrynaeT B J\H'lHOM: cpOpMe BMeCTO MHorHX 'rpyano cnparaejrerx rJ\arOJ\OB B Mo.z:r.eJ\H «deanaim + OTr xaroxsnoe HMH».

ChOT npaBHAbHbIH r xarox HMeeT HenpaBHJ\bHYlO CPOPMY TOJ\bKO B rrpoureaurea BpeMeHH, r.z:r.e napaay C OCHOBHOH CPOPMOM: rinne BCTpe'laeTCH (pease) cpopMa dhein.

npoweAwee opeMH

He3aOHCHMoe 3aOHCHMoe (0 npHAaTO'lHOM
(0 rAaOHOM npeAJ\02KeHHH) npeM02KeHHH H C OTpH!!aHHeM)
J\H!!O EA. 'I. MH. 'I. EA. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e rinne me nnneamar nf dhearna me nf dhearnamar
z., rinne til rinne sibh nf dhearna til nf dhearna sibh
3-e rinne se rinne siad nf dhearna se nf dhearna siad
(naccaa) rinneadh '6bIJ\ caexaa' (naccaa) ni dhearnadh 'He 6bIJ\O cnexaao'
go ndearnadh ''lTo6bI 6bIJ\O cnexaao' 82

nPABYIAbHbIE Ct>OPMbI

r xarox de anaim 'AeJl.alO' l1S'bRBUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe HaCTORQ!ee BpeMR

Flpomeamee BpeMR

AHUO EA, q. MH, q, EA, q, MH, q,
l-e deanaim deanaimid dheineas dheineamar
Z.e deanann tri deanann sibh dhein til dhein sibh
3-e deanann se deanann siad dhein se dhein siad
(naCCHS) deantar 'AeAalOT , (naCCHS) deanadh '6blA CAe,MH' l-fTepaTHBHoe (nOBT.) npow. BpeMR

1.e dheanainn dheanaimis deanfaidh me deanfaimid
Z.e dheanta dheanadh sibh deanfaidh til deanfaidh sibh
3-e dheanadh se dheanaidfs deanfaidh se deanfaidh siad
(naCCHS) dheanta I 'AeAaAH , (naCCHS) deanfar 'CAeAalOT' Cocnauimenonoe HaKAOHeHUe

JIleAameAbHoe HaKAOHeHUe

1.e dheanfainn dheanfairnis deana me deanaimid
Z·e dheanfa dheanfadh sibh deana til deana sibh
3-e dheanfadh se dheanfaidfs deana se deana siad
(naccas) dheanfaf 'AeAaAH 6bl , (naccas) deantar 'zta CAeAalOT' n oeenumemsnoe HaKAOHeHUe

l-e - deanaimis
Z.e dean deanaig f
3-e deanadh se deannaid fs
(naccaa) deantar , ,
nYCTb AeAalOT OmZAaWAbHoe UMR deanamh 'AeAaTb'

npuLfacmue npOUle/f.UleW BpeMeHU

deanta 'cAeAaHHbIH'

83

Fxarox deirim 'rOBOplO' J13'bRBUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe Hacroargee BpeMR

Hpomeauree BpeMR

AHYO E,1l. 'I. MH. 'I. E,1l. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e deirim deirimid duirt me duramar
Z-e deir tu deir sibh duirt tu duirt sibh
3-e deir se deir siad duirt se duirt siad
(naccaa) deirtear , , (naccaa) duradh '6blAO CKa:aaHO ,
rOBopRT HTepaTHBHoe (noBT.) npow. BpeMR

1-e deirinn deirimis dearfaidh me dearfaimid
Z-e deirtea deireadh sibh dearfaidh tu dearfaidh sibh
3-e deireadh se deirid is dearfaidh se dearfaidh siad
( naccaa) deirt i , , (rtaccaa) dearfar 'cxaisyr ,
rOBopHAH COCJlaZamCAbHOC HaKAOHCHUC

iflCAamCAbHOC HaK.!lOHCHUC

1-e dearfainn dearfaimis deire me deirimid
Z-e dearfa dearfadh sibh deire tu deire sibh
3-e dearfadh se dearfaid is deire se deire siad
( naccaa) dearfa i , CKa3aAH 6bl , (naccaa) deirtear 'p,a cxazsyr , Il oeenumenenoe HQK.!lOHeNUC

1-e - abraimis
Z-e abair abraig I
3-e abradh se abraid is
(rtaccaa) abairtear , ,
nycrs cxaasyr 84

OmZAaZOAbHoe UMR ni 'rosopeaae' (P,OCA.)

[louvacmue npOUlc.4UlelO BPCMCHU rai te 'cKa3aHHbIH'

f.l\aro.l\ faighim 'no.l\yqalO'

11 seneumenenoe HaK.IlOHeHUe HaCTORlJ!ee Bpe'MR

Flpoureamee BpeMR

J\HgO EA. q. MH. q. EA. q. MH. q.
l-e faighim Iaighimid fuair me fuaireamar
2-e faigheann tu Iaigheann sibh fuair tu fuair sibh
3-e faigheann se faigheann siad fuair se fuair siad
(naccHs) faightear , , (naccaa) fuarthas '6bl.l\O nOJ\)"ieHO'
nOJ\)"iaIOT HTepaTHBHoe (noar.) npow. BpeMR

6YAYlJ!ee BpeMR [Hesaaacawoe)

l-e d'fhaighinn d'fhaighimis gheobhaidh me gheobhaimid
2.e d'fhaitea d 'fhaigheadh sibh gheobhaidh tu gheobhaidh sibh
3.e d' fhaigheadh d' fhaighid is gheobhaidh se gheobhaidh siad
(naccaa) d'fhaighti , , (naccaa) gheofar 'nOA)"iaIOT'
nOA)"iaAH 6YAYl!!ee BpeMR (3aBHcHMoe)

Il oeenumenenoe HaK.IlOHeHUe

1·e ni bhfaighidh me ni bhfaighirnid - faighlmis
2.e ni bhfaighidh tu ni bhfaighidh sibh faigh faighig I
3.e ni bhfaighidh se ni bhfaighidh siad faigheadh se faighid is
(naccHs) ni bhfaighfear 'He noxysar' (naCCHS) faightear 'nYCTb noxyxar , Cocnauimenenoe HaK.llOHeHUe

(H e3aBUCUMOe ) (3aBucuMoe)
'l-e gheobhainn gheobhaimis ni bhfaighinn ni bhfaighimis
2-e gheofa gheobhadh sibh ni bhfaighfea nf bhfaigheadh sibh
3-e gheobhadh se gheobhaid i s nf bhfaigheadh se ni bhfaighid is
(naccaa) gheofai , nOA)"iHAH 6bl , (naccaa) ni (go) bhfaighf i
'He ('-IT06bl) nOAY'-IHAH 6bl' 1-e faighe me faighimid
2-e faighe ni Iaighe sibh
3-e Iaighe se Iaighe siad
(naccHs) faightear , ,
J];a nOAY'-IaT OmZ.llaZO.llbHOe UMR filii 'nOAY'-IeHHe' npwwcmue npOUle,4UleZO BpeMeHU Iaighte 'nOAY'-IeHHbIH'

85

l' Jl.aroJ\ ieicim 'BHlKy', OTrJl.arOJl.bHOe HMH ieiceai\ 'DHAeBRe'

8TOT rwarox npaBHAbHblH: sa HCKAlO'IeHHeM cpOpM npoureaurero BpeMeHH. 3~ecb npeacrasxeaer aenpaaaxeaere cpOpMbl.

J1S'bRBUmeAbHoe HQKAOHeHue npowe,Zl;wee speMR (HesaSHCHMoe)

Flpoureamee speMR (..3asHcHMoe)

J\HgO E,ZI; ..... MH ..... E,ZI; ..... MH .....
1.e chonaic me chonaiceamar ni fhaca me ni [hacamar
Z·e chonaic ttl chonaic sibh nf fhaca tu ni fhaca sibh
3.e chonaic se chonaic siad ni fhaca se ni fhaca siad
(naccaa) chonacthas 'YBH~eAH' (rraccaa) go bhfaca me ''ITO BH~eA ,
(rraccaa) ni fhacthas 'He YBH~eAH'
(naccaa) go bhfacthas ''ITO YBH~eAH' fAaroA ithim 'eM', orrwaroxenoe HMR ithe 'Cbe,Zl;eHHblii'

8TOT rxarox IlpaBHAbHblH aa HCKJ\IO'IeHHeM <fJOpM 6Y~YIgero BpeMeHH H cocJ\araTeJ\bHoro HaKJ\OHeHHH.

HEOPABI1AbHbIE cPOPMbI

6YJ\YI!!ee speMR

Cocnauimenenoe HaKAOHeHUe

J\HgO EJ\ ..... MH. .... EJ\ ..... MH .....
1.e iosfaidh me iosfaimid d'iosfaim d'Iosfairnis
Z.e iosfaith tu iosfaidh sibh dIosfa d'iosfadh sibh
3.e iosfaidh se iosfaidh siad d'iosfadh d'Iosfaid is
(rraccaa) iosfar . , (rraccas) d'Josfai . C'beJ\H 6bl ,
C'beMT 86

r AarOA tag aim "npaxoasy'

H seneumenenoe HaK.!lOHeHUe HaCTOHl!!ee BpeMH

Flponreanree BpeMH

AHgo EA. q. MH. q. EA. q. MH. q.
1.e tagaim tagaimid thainig me thangamar
Z.e tagann tu tagann sibh thainig tu thainig sibh
3.e tagann se tagann siad thainig se thainig siad
(rraccaa) tagtar 'npHXo,1J)IT , (naccaa) thangthas 'npHIlIAH' l-hepaTHBHoe [noar.] npow. BpeMH

1.e thagainn thagaimis tiocfaidh me tiocfaimid
Z.e thagta thagadh sibh tiocfaidh tu tiocfaidh sibh
3.e thagadh se thagaidis tiocfaidh se tiocfaidh siad
( naccaa) thagtai , , (naccaa) tiocfar 'npaayr'
npHXO,ll,HAH Coc.uuomenwnoc HaK.!lOHeHUe

iKeAameAbHoe HaK.!lOHeHUe

1.e thiocfainn thiocfaimis taga me tagaimid
Z.e thiocla thiocfadh sibh taga tu taga sibh
3.e thiocfadh se thiocfaid is taga se taga siad
(naccaa) thiocfai , npHIlIAH 6bl , (naccaa) tagtar 'zta npanyr , Il oeenumenenoe HaK.!lOHeHUe

1.e - tagaimis
Z.e tar tagaigi
3.e tagadh tagaidis
(naccaa) tagtar 'nycre npaayr!' OmZAaWAbHoe UMR teacht 'rrpaxozt

npW-lacmue_ npoUle,L!UleW BpeMeHu tagtha 'npHIlIe,ll,IlIHH'

87

fAarOA teim 'xomy'

H 3'bRBUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe

Hacromgee BpeMSI

[Ipouremnee BpeMSI (He.saBHCHMOe)

AHgO E~. q. MH. q. E~. q. MH. q.
1-e teim teimid chuaigh me chuamar
Z-e teann tu teann sibh chuaigh tu chuaigh sibh
3-e teann se teann siad chuaigh se chuaigh siad
(rraccaa) chuathas 'YIlIAH' npowe~wee BpeMSI (3aBHCHMoe)

J.fTepaTHBHoe (nOBT.) npow. BpeMJI

1-e ni dheachaigh me ni dheachamar theinn theimis
Z-e ni dheachaigh tu nf dheachaigh sibh theitea theadh sibh
3-e ni dheachaigh se ni dheachaigh siad theadh se theidis
go ndeachaigh me 'xro jl YIlIeA , (naccna) theiti , xaacrsaxa' , , ,
XO,ll,HAH
(rraccaa) nf dheachthas 'He YIlIJ\H'
(naccHB) go ndeachthas 't.1T0 yIlIAH , COCAaz.ameAbHoe HaKAOHeHue

1-e rachaidh me rachaimid rachainn rachaimis
Z-e rachaidh tu rachaidh sibh rachfa rachadh siad
3-e rachaidh se rachaidh siad rachadh se rachaidis
(rraccaa) rachfar 'noiiayr' (rtaccaa) rachfai , XO,ll,HAH 6bI , Il oeenumenunoe HaKAOHeHue

1-e te me teimid - teimis
Z-e te tu te sibh teigh teig i
3-e te se te siad teadh se teidis
(naccaa) teitear 'YH,lI,yr' (naccaa) teitear 'rrycrs YH,lI,yr!' OmZAaZOAbHoe UMR dul 'YXO,ll,'

n pU1-LaCmUe npOw.e4w.ezo BpeMeHu dulta 'YIlIe,ll,llIHH'

88

fJurOA tugaim 'J.\alO'

H 3'bJlBUme.llbHOe HaK.llOHeHUe

Hacromgee SpeMJI

npoweJ.\wee SpeMJI

J\HUO EJ.\. 'I. MH. 'I. EJ.\. 'I. MH. 'I.
1-e tugaim tugaimid thug me thugamar
2-e tugann tu tugann sibh thug tu thug sibh
3-e tugann se tugann siad thug se thug siad
(naccaa) tugtar 'J.\alOT , (naccaa) tugadh '6blA J.\aH', 'J.\MH' HTepaTHSHoe (noar.) npow. SpeMJI

1-e thugainn thugaimis tabharfaidh me tabharfaimid
2-e thugta thugadh sibh tabharfaidh tu tabharfaidh sibh
3-e thugadh se thugaidis tabharfaidh se tabharfaidh siad
(naccaa) thugtai , , (naccns) tabharfar 'J.\MYT'
,ll;aBaAH Cocnaiamenenoe HaK.IlOHeHUe

JIle.llame.llbHOe HaK.IlOHeHUe

1-e thabharfainn tha b harfaimis tuga me tugaimid
2-e thabharfa thabharfadh sibh tuga tu tuga sibh
3-e thabharfadh se thabharfaidi s tuga se tuga siad
(naccaa] thabharfai ',ll;MH 6bl , (naccaa) tugtar 'aa ,ll;MYT' Il oeenumenunoe HaK.llOHeHUe

l-e - tugaimis
2-e (na) tab hair (na) tugaigi
'(He) ,ll;aBaH' '(He) ,ll;aBaHTe ,
3-e tugadh se tugaidis
(naccaa) tugtar 'nycrs ,ll;MYT!' OmZ.IlaZO.llbHOC UMJl

tabhairt 'aasaaae' (,!I,OCA.) npuliacmuc npowe/l.wezo BpeMeHu

tugtha 'OT,ll;aHHbIH'

89

r J\aroJ\ tlum • eCMb'

113'bRBumMbHoe HaKAOHeHUe

Hacromgee BpeMR (HeSaBHCHMOe) HaCTORr,gee BpeMR (3aBHCHMOe)

J\HgO E~. 'I. MH. 'I. E~. 'I. MH. 'I.
i.e taim (ta me) taimid nllim (nil me) nilimid
. ,
11 ije ecre
Z·e ta tu ta sibh nil tu nil sibh
3·e ta se ta siad nil se nfl siad
(naccaa) tathar • ecrs , (naccaa) go bhfuilim '''ITO j! ecra'
niltear, go bhfuiltear 'He ("ITO) ecrs' l-:hepaTHBHoe (nOBT.) HaCT. BpeMR l-iTepaTHBHOe (nOBT.) npow. BpeMR

i·e bim 'j! 6bIBalO , bfrnid bhinn 'a 6bIBa.J\' bhimis
Z.e bionn tu bfonn sibh bhftea bhiodh sibh
3.e bionn se bfonn siad bhiodh se bhldis
(naCCI1B) bftear '6bIBalOT' (naccaa) bhi ti '6bIBMH' Flpoureauree apesra [Heaaaacaaoe) Flpomeamee speMR (.3asHcHMoe)

i·e bhi me 'a 6bIA , bhiomar raibh me '("ITO) j! 6bIA' rabhamar
Z·e bhf tu bhi sibh raibh tu raibh sibh
3.e bhi se bhf siad raibh se raibh siad
(naccaa) bhfothas '6bIAH , (naccas) raibhthas '6bIAH , 6Y~Yl!!ee speMR Cocnauimenunoe HaKAOHeHUe

i-e beidh me beimid bheinn bheimis
2.e beidh tu beidh sibh bheifea bheadh sibh
3-e beidh se beidh siad bheadh se bheidis
(naccxa) beifear '6y.n;yr' (naccaa) bheifi '6bIAH 6bI' 90

JKeAameAbHoe HaKAOHeHUe

Il OBeAUmeAbHOe HaKAOHeHUe

ARgo E)t. q. MH. q. E)t. q. MH. q.
1-e raibh me rabhaimid - bimis
2-e raibh tu raibh sibh (na) bl (He) (na) b igi (He)
'6y,ll,b , '6y,ll,bTe'
3-e raibh se raibh siad (na) b iodh se bid is 'aa 6y,ll,YT'
, ,ll,a (He) 6Y,ll,eT ,
(naccaa) rabhthar 'zta 6bIAH' (naCCHB) bitear 'nYCTb 6y,ll,YT' OmZAaZOAbHoe UMR bheith '6bITHe', '6bITb'

3ABYiCYiMAB Yi HE3ABYiCYiMAB cPOPMbI r AArOAA 3aBUCUMaR cpopMa

An duine a bhfaca (feicim) me 'YeAoBeK, xoroporo 51 BH,ll,eA', An bhean a bhfuair a hinton bas '/KeHI!);HHa, qbji ,ll,Oqb ystepxa'. An cnoc ar a raibh an teach ann 'XOAM, aa KOTOPOM 6bIA ,ll,OM',

Thug se cuntas ar a ndearna se 'OH C,ll,eAaA (aax) OTqeT 0 TOM, 'ITO caexax'. Ca bhfacamar cheana 6? T,ll,e MbI yase BH,ll,eAH ero?'

An ndeachaigh tu ann? 'TbI XO,ll,HA TY,ll,a?'

Gach ni da bhfuair sibh 'Bce TO, 'ITO BbI noxyxaxx'. Deir se go raibh se ann 'OH rOBopHT, 'ITO 6bIJI. TaM',

Se an rud nach bhfaca tu riamh 'BOT xero TbI aaxorzta He BH,ll,aA',

Deir se nar bhfuair si an t-airgead fos 'OH rOBOpHT, 'ITO OHa eige He noxyxaxa ,ll,eHer',

H esaBUCUMaR cpopMa

An duine a chonaic me 'YeJl.OBeK, KOTOPbIH BH,ll,eJl. MeHji' An bhean a fuair bas '/KeHI!);HHa, KOTOPaR YMepJl.a'

An cnoc a bhi ann 'XOJl.M, KOTOPbIH 6bIJI. TaM'

An cuntas a rinne se 'OT'leT, KOTOPblH OH czexax'

91

nEPEXON-lblE H HEnEPEXOAHblE r AArOJ\bl

MHOrHe rwaroxst, 0603Ha'laK>I,gHe l4eHCTBHe, MOr)'T 6blTb OI4HOBpeMeHHO H nepeXOI4HblMH H senepexoaaerxa. THnH'IHbIH CAY'IaH: briseadh 'AOMaTb' H 'AOMaTbCR', do 'm.e'lb' H 'ropers':

Briseann se an bata 'OH AOMaeT naAKY' H Briseann an bata 'OaAKa AOMaeTCR';

Donn se an paipear 'OH m.m.eT 6YMary' H Donn an pai pear 'EYMara ropar'.

lJHCJ\O r AArOAA

ECAH noztxezsatgee ssrpaaceao CYI,geCTBHTeAbHbIM B <popMe MH.'I., TO rxarox HMeeT <POPMY ezt.x.: cp., aarrpasrep: Thiocfaidis go tapa 'OHH npHWAH 6bl 6bICTPO' H Thiocfadh na cailini go tapa ',lleBYWKH npHWAH 6bl 6bICTpO'.

ECAH npaaaroxaoe OTHOCHTeAbHOe, rae a - nOMem.aI,gee, onpezexaer cYI,gecTBHrexsaoe BO MH.'I., TO cxasyeaoe npHl4aTO'lHOrO npeMom.eHHR CTOHT B eAHHCTBeHHOM 'IHCAe: ... rialacha a bhi ann ' ... npasaxa, xoropsre 6blAH TaM'.

7. OTr J\arOJ\hHoe HMB

Orrxaroxsaoe HMR 0603Ha'iaeT npogecc HAH COCTORHHe: 61 'npogecc nHTbR', dunadh 'npogecc 3aKpbIBaHHR', rnaireachtail 'm.HTb; m.H3Hb'. EOAbWHHCTBO OTrAarOAbHblX HMeH oopasyercs C nOMoI,gbK> <popMaHTa -adh [d] : bualadh 'YAapHTb', gearradh 'peaars'. 'pesaaae' H T.I4.

06bl'lHO <popMa POI4.n. orrxaroxeaoro HMeHH COBna14aeT C <POPMOH CTpal4aTeAbHOro npH'IaCTHR nponr.sp.: moladh 'XBaAHTb' - molta 'nOXBaAeHHbIH' H 'XBaAeHHR' (poa.n.): buaireamh 'oropxenae' - buartha 'OrOp'leHHbIH' H 'OrOp'leHHR' (pon.n.). I1cKAK>'IeHHeM RBAReTCR 60AbWaR rpyrrna aa -ail, -aint, -uint H -cht, <popMa pOI4.n. KOTOPOH COBnMaeT C <pOPMOH POI4.n. CYI,geCTBHTeAbHbIX 3-ro CKAOHeHHR: caighdean maireachtala 'YPoBeHb m.H3HH', colaiste oiliuna 'neaaroraxecxaii HHCTHT)'T', cead imeachta 'paspeureaae yHTH'. KpoMe Toro, PM cytgecraarexsmcx OTrAarOAbHblX HMeH H3MeHReTCR no 1-MY CKAOHeHHK> cytgecraarexaaetx: machnamh 'pa3MbIWAeHHe' - machnaimh; gol 'nxax' - goil: magadh 'nOI4TPYHHBaHHe' - magaidh. B <PYHK!J,HH cyrgecraarexaasrx MHorHe orrvaroxsaere HMeHa HMeK>T <POPMY MHom.eCTBeHHoro 'IHCAa: bagairt 'yrposa' - bagairti; admhail 'npH3HaHHe' - admhalacha. Ey;.r,Y'lH HcnoAb3yeMblMH KaK cYI,ge-

92

CTBHTeJ\bHble, orrxaroxsasre HMeHa cxyasar raiose ,lI,.IUI 06pa30BaHIDI rJ\arOJ\bH0I1 <popMbl, BblpamalO!,!!eH MHTeJ\bHOe p,eHCTBHe B MOMeHT nOBeCTBOBaHIDI.

~HTEAbHOEaEHCTBHE

,llAHTeJ\bHoe p,eHCTBHe oopasyercs no Mop,eJ\H «ta + npeaxor ag 'y' + OTrAarOJ\bHoe HMR»: Tame ag machnamh '.H 06p,YMbIBalO (ceHT.{ac),; Bhi me ag machnamh '.H 06p,YMbIBaJ\ (roraa)': Beidh me ag machnamh '.H 6yp,y 06p,YMbIBaTb (noron)': toisc (a) bheith ag dul ar scoil 'H3-3a yxoaa B WKOJ\Y'.

Cy!,!!eCTBHTeJ\bHoe, 0603HaT.{alO!,!!ee 06beKT MHTeJ\bHoro p,eHcTBHR, asrpazsenaoro OTr J\arOJ\bHbIM HMeHeM, o<popMAReTCR pop,HTeJ\bHbIM nap,emOM: T aim ag deanarnh oibre [eb'cr'] '.H p,eAaIO paoory', rae obair 'paoora' B pop,HTeJ\bHOM naaeace.

Ha p,J\HTeJ\bHOCTb COCTORHIDI npa aenepexoaasrx r xaroxax yxasersaer KOHCTPYKgIDI «npenxor i 'B' + nparszsarexeaoe MeCTOHMeHHe + orrxaroxsaoe HMR»: Bhi me i mo (i do, ina, inar, i bhur, ina) sheasamh '.H (rer, OH, OHa, Mbl, Bbl, OHH) CTORJI.', p,OCJI.. 'a MoeM CTORHHH' H r.a.: An bhfuil tu i do (>id) chodladh f6s? 'Tsr crraure e!,!!e?'.

OTr xaroxsaoe HMR, 0603HaT.{alO!,!!ee nepeXOP.HOCTb, HMeeT p,OnOJl.HeHHe nepea xeHHpylO!,!!eH T.{aCTHgeH a (d' nepea rJl.aCHblM H fh): obair a dheanarnh 'cnexars paoory': chun leabhar a cheannach 'T.{To6bl KynHTb KHHry'; Ie tae d' 61 'T.{To6bl BbInHTb T.{aR'; mian aiste d'Ihoilsiu 'asexaaae ony6J1.HKoBaTb crarero',

Oco6eHHOCTb apxaaacxoro - HaJl.HqHe p,OnOJl.HeHIDI nepezt OTr Jl.arOJl.bHbIM HMeHeM bheith '6bITb': gan eo las a bheith agam 'TaK KaK R He 3HalO', p,OCJI.. '6e3 3HaHHe 6bITb Y MeHR'; Nil a fhios agam aon ni (einni) a bheith cearr '.H He 3HalO, 'ITO 'ITO-TO He TaK', t);OCJI.. ' ... 'ITO-TO 6bITb aerrpaaaxsao': Ta an t-athas orm gluaistean a bheith agam '.H pap" 'ITO Y MeHR aBTOMo6HJ\b'.

Orrxaroxeaoe HMR MOiKeT ynpaBARTbCR Jl.106bIM npeztxoroxr: Thosnaigh si ar mo ghuna a dheanamh 'OHa aa-raxa ziexare Moe nxarse' (rrpeaxor ar 'aa'): Thoiligh sf leis an obair a dheanarnh 'OHa COrJl.aCHAaCb cztexare pa60TY' (npeaxor le 'c"): Thug se iarracht faoina mharu 'OH cp,eAaJ\ rronsrrxy y6HTb ero' (npeaxor faoi 'non', '0').

ECJl.H me 06beKT HyiKHO serpasare MeCTOHMeHHeM (BUJICY ezo, ee, ux), TO noCKOJl.bKY Jl.HT.{HOe MeCTOHMeHHe He "MeeT <POPMbI pOp,HTeJl.bHOrO naaezsa, ,lI,.IUI 0603HaqeHIDI 06beKTa p,eHCTBIDI OTr J\arOJl.bHOrO HMeHH HCnOJl.b3yeTcR COOTBeTCTBYIO!,!!ee npHTR-

93

maTeJl.bHOe MeCTOHMeHHe C 'IaCTHjJeH do, a noxasarexe ,.vI.HTeJl.bHOCTH .zr.eHcTsIDI ag onYCKaeTCH. npH StOM HCnOJl.b.3YIOT ycexeaasre H MHOrO.3Ha'lHble <pOPMbl MeCTOHMe· HHH:

Ta se do mo (>dorn) bhualadh 'OH 6beT MeHJI'.

Ta se do do (>dod) bhualadh 'OH 6beT Te6H'. Ta se a (do + a) bhualadh 'OH 6beT ero'.

Ta se a (do + a) bualadh 'OH 6beT ee'.

Ta se dar (do + ar) mbualadh 'OH 6beT Hac'.

Ta se do bhur mbualadh 'OH 6beT sac'.

Ta se a (do + a) mbualadh 'OH 6beT HX'.

npH rxaroxe S Jl.H'IHOH <pOp Me ,.vI.HTeJl.bHOe .zr.eHCTSHe asrpazsaerca npH'IaCTHbIM 060POTOM, 06pa3yeMblM rtocpeztcraoxr OTrJl.arOJl.bHOrO HMeHH C npenxorov ag, .3aMeHH· eMblM npHTHmaTeJl.bHblMH MeCTOHMeHHHMH: F eicim f ag seoladh na ngamhan agus a dtabhairt chun an uisce '5I BHmy ee, rOHHlJJeH TeJI.HT H Be.zr.YlJJeH HX K soae': ... arsa mise a fhreagairt '... cxasaxa H, OTBe'laH aa STO', .zr.OCJI.. 'OTBe'lalOlJJaH STO'; Cloisim tu a ra '5I cxsmry Te6H rOBopHIJJHM STO'.

BO.3BpaTHOe .zr.eHcTBHe 060.3Ha'laeTCH CJl.OBOM fein 'caa': Ta sf a hullmhu fein 'OHa rOToBHTCH', .zr.OCJI.. 'OHa ee rOTOBHT cavy'.

CTPAJ(ATEAbHbIl13AAor H 6E3AHlJHo·nACCHBHbIE Q>OPMbI

C YlJJeCTBYIOT .zr.Ba cnoco6a 06pa.30BaHHH crpaaarexsaoro aaxora - aHaJl.HTH'IeCKHH H <pJl.eKTHBHbIH.

1. AHaJl.HTH'IeCKHH cnoco6 06pa.30BaHHH nocpeacraou COOTHOCHMoro C noaxezeaIJJHM npHTHmaTeJl.bHOrO MeCTOHMeHHH + OTr xaroxsaoe HMH. npH STOM KOHCTPYKjJHH .zr.eHCTBHTeJl.bHOrO aaxora Ta se a bhualadh 'OH 6beT ero' HMeeT eige H sropoe .3Ha'le· HHe - crpaztarexeaoro saxora: 'Ero 6b1OT' H T . a.: Ta an teach a dhiol ag an bhfear '40M nponaercx Mym'lHHOH'; Ta tithe nua a ndeanamh '4eJl.aIOTCH (.zr.eJl.aIOT) HOBbie .zr.OMa'.

94

3aBepweHHoe ,lI,eHCTBl1e aerpaasaercs npaxacraea npoureaurero BpeMeHI1, KaK 11 B PYCCKOM: Ta an ait seo fagtha aici 'aTO MeCTO nOKI1HYTO ere'.

2. ct>AeKTI1BHbIH cnocoe - nocpencraou OKOH'IaHI1H pasasrx BpeMeHHbIX CPOpM - -tar, -adh, -tai, -far: tugtar dom 'MHe aaior' I1AI1 'MHe ,lI,aeTCR' 11 T.,lI,.

6E3AHl.JHo-nACCHBHbIE BPEMEHHbIE ClJOPMbI (CM. maK:lICC naCCUBHb!C CPOpMb! ZAaZO/lOB Ha c. 69-91)

Kam,ll,oe BpeMR I1MeeT CBOI1 6eaAI1'1HO-naCCI1BHble CPOPMbI, oopasyeasre KaK OT nepexoaasrx, TaK 11 aenepexoaasrx r AarOAOB.

nEPEXO.llHbIE r AArOJ\bI

113'bRBumeAbHoe HaKAOHeHue

HaCTORQ!ee BpeMR

Duntar an doras ar a seacht a chlog gach olche '.llBepb saxpersaror (saxpsraaerca) Kam,ll,bIH aexep B 7 '1aCOB'.

Flpoureauree BpeMR

Dunadh an doras aru inne '.llBepb aaKpbIAH (sexpsrxac») nosassepa'.

HTepaTHBHoe (noeropasorgeeca] npomeamee BpeMR

Dhuntai an doras gach oiche anuradh '.llBepb aaKpblBaAI1 (aaxpsmaxacs) Kam,ll,YIO HO'Ib B npOUlAOM roay'.

Dunfar an doras go luath '.llBepb 3aKpOIOT (saxpoerca) CKOpO'.

COCAazameAbHoe HaKAOHeHue

Dhunfai an doras da bhfeadfai e '.llBepb aaxpsrxace (3aKpbIAH) 6bI, eCAI1 6bI aTO 6bIAO B03MomHo'.

95

HEnEPExo4HbIE r AAfOAbI

npl-lMepOM Cf.lOpMbI aertepexoaaoro rxaroxa cxyzsar teitear 'XOlVlT', tathar 'RBNIIOTCR' 1-1 bitear '6bIBaIOT': Teitear ann gach Domhnach 'Tyaa XOP.HT Kamp,oe socxpecease':

Teitl go minie ann fad6 'Paasure ryaa XOp,I-I.AH 'IaCTO'; Tathar ag deanamh b6thair nua '4e.AaIOT HOBYIO ztopory': Nf mar a siltear a bftear '5bIBaeT He TaK, KaK p,YMaIOT'; Sula mbeiff ag magadh faoi... '4T06bI HaP. HHM He CMeR.AI-ICb .. .'.

YnoTpe6l-1Te.AbHbI sanperarexsasre OTpl-I!,!aTe.AbHble Cf.lOPMbI nOBe.AI-ITe.AbHOrO aaK.AOHeHHR: na teitear isteach! 'xoaa HeT!', p,OC.A. 'p,a He nOHP,YT BHYTPb'; na caitear tobacl 'KYPHTb BOCnpeIYaeTcR!'; na moillftear! 'He aaaepasaaareca!'. Op,HaKO BCTpe'lalOTCR nOCTpOeHI-IR 1-1 6e3 oTpHgaHHR: Ligtear isteach me! 'Bnycrare MeHR!', p,OC.A. '4a anycTRT MeHR!'; Deantar an obair sa bhaile! '4aBaHTe cp,e.AaeM pa60TY p,oMa!'

8. CHHsKa

CBR3Ka is C.AymHT P,BORKOH ge.AH. Bo-nepasrx, P.NI onpeaexeaas rana "Eho KHHra" H, BO-BTOPbIX, P.NI Hp,eHTHCf.lHKagHH rana uOH naTpI-IK". CBOHM Ha3Ha'leHHeM CBR3Ka is OT .AH'IaeTCR OT r xaroxa taim ' eCMb' ( OTr .AarO.AbHOe HMR bheith '6bITb'), KOTOPbIH npHMeHReTCR P.NI Ka'leCTBeHHoH xapaKTepHCTHKH: Ta an la fuar '4eHb XO.AOp,HbIH' H P.NI 0603Ha'leHHR MeCTOHaxomp,eHHR: Ta an hata ar an mbord 'WNIna aa CTO.Ae'. Co CBR3KOH is B Cf.lYHKgHH noaxezsargero WHPOKO HCnO.Ab3YIOTCR KpaTKHe Cf.lOpMbl .AH'IHbIX MecToHMeHHH e 'OH', f 'oaa', iad 'OHH', 06bl'lHO npHMeHReMble KaK p,OnO.AHeHHe nepexoaaoro rxaroxa. Cp.: Feicim e, fagus iad '51 BHmy ero, ee H HX', C Op,H0I1 CTOPOHbI, H Is cloch f 'aTO KaMeHb', Is leabhar e 'aTO KHHra' H Is fir iad 'aTO (OHH) Mym'lHHbI' - c zipyrofi. Floxyxaerca MOp,e.Ab «CBR3Ka + npep,HKaTHB (HMeHHaR 'IaCTb cxaayenoro) + nonxezcargee». AH'IHble MeCTOHMem1R MorYT HMeTb npa ce6e yxasaTe.AbHble MeCTOHMeHHH seo 'sror' H sin, siud, ud 'TOT': Is leabhar e sea 'aTO BOT (KaKaRTO) KHHra', Is cloch f sin 'To BOT (KaKOH-TO) KaMeHb'.

npl-I Hp,eHTHCf.lHKagHH me .AH'IHOe MeCTOHMeHHe ynoTpe6NIeTCR p,Bamp,bI, nepezt CYIYeCTBHTe.AbHbIM H nOC.Ae Hero, 'ITo6bl YKa3aTb aa KOHKpeTHoe cytgecraarexeaoe, OCf.lopMNIeMOe onpenexenaenr apTHK.AeM: Is e an leabhar e 'aTO BOT an KHHra', Is iad na garsuin iad 'aTO KaK pa3 aTH Ma.Ab'lHKH'. Oaaaxo npa YKa3aTe.AbHOM MeCTOHMeHHH (sin, siud H p,p.) HH .AH'IHOe, HH YKa3aTe.AbHOe MeCTOHMeHHe He nOBTopHeTCH nOC.Ae cyigecrsarexeaoro B onpenexeaaoii Cf.lopMe: Is e sin an leabhar 'BOT TO H ecrs sra KHHra', Is e siud Sean 'WOH aTO BOH TOT'.

96

ECAH H nO,lJ,J\eLKal!!ee H cxasyeaoe - CYl!!eCTBHTeAbHble B onpeaexeaaoii cpOpMe, TO acrroxssyerca CAe.ll.YlOl!!aH MO.ll.eAb: Is e an leabhar mar an duais Tlpas - aTO BOT STa 60AbWaH KHHra', Is e Tomas mo mhac 'MoH CbIH - STO TOMac'.

O.ll.HaKO B IOLKHOH YfpAaH.lI.HH nepBbIH THn Is fear e 'aTO Mymt{HHa' HMeeT pacrrpoCTpaHeHHYIO aAbTepHaTHBHYIO CPOPMY co CTapbIM MeCTOHMeHHeM cpeaaero poaa ea:

Fear is ea e 'aTO Mymt{HHa'; B6 mhaith dob ea f sin 'To 6bIAa XOPOWaH soposa', r.ll.e dob < t{aCTHya do + b' (r.e, npour.sp. OT is - ba).

YfTaK, HMelOTCR xererpe MO.ll.eAH:

1. Is fear e = (lOr YfpAaH.lI.HH) Fear is ea e 'Eho Mymt{HHa'.

2. Is e an fear e 'aTO BOT aTOT MYLKt{HHa'.

3. Is e sin an fear = Sin e an fear 'BoT STOT MYLKt{HHa'.

4. Is Tomas mo mhac 'MoH CbIH - T osrac'.

KpOMe roro, t{pe3Bblt{aHHo pacnpocrpaseaa sMcpaTH'IeCKaH KOHCTPYKYHR co CBH3KOH is, BbITeCHHlOl!!eH aapexayio 'IaCTHJ,!Y go: Is cruaidh d'aitigh sf ar Mhaire 'HaCTOH'IHBO yroaapasaxa OHa Mspa', 3.l1.ecb aa aMcpa30H cxeztyer OTHOCHTeAbHoe rrpeaxozceaae C COlO30M a (d' nepez; rxacnsnr). Flepea aMcpaTH'IeCKOH npe,lJ,J\omHOH KOHCTpYK!!HeH CBR3Ka is ynorpedxaercs cpaKYAbTaTHBHo: (is) le peann a scriobhairn 'nauiy-ro H PY'IROH'; (is) Ie liathr6id a imrim 'Hrparo-ro R MRt{OM'.

Flpeaaxaraa, COCTORI!!HH H3 6e3apTHKAeBoro cyrgecraarexaaoro C onpeaexeHHeM-npHAaraTeAbHbIM, MomeT B CAYt{ae AOrH'IeCKOrO Y.lI.apeHHR Ha cKa3yeMoM npeo6pa30BbIBaTbcR TaK, 'ITO npHAaraTeAbHoe CTaBHTCH cpa3Y nOCAe CBR3KH, a CYl!!eCTBHTeAbHoe noxyxaer apTHKAb. Cp.: Is cunamh m6r comhairle 'COBeT - BeAHKaR nOMOl!!b' H Is m6r an cunamh comhairle. Orcroaa nOAY'IaeTCR pacnpocrpaneaaas nxras MO.ll.eAb Is maith an rud e 'aTO xopouraa serge".

Cxeziyer OTMeTHTb, 'ITO BMeCTO lOmHOH MO.ll.eAH Fear maith is ea e 'OH XOPOllIHH Mymt{HHa' B cesepnoii t{aCTH YfPAaH.lI.HH acnoxeayercs MO.ll.eAb (is) fear maith ata ann ,lI,OCA. 'XOPOllIHH Mymt{HHa, KOTOPbIH ecrs B HeM'. nO,ll,06HaR MO,ll,eAb BCTpe'laeTCR B IOLKHOH: YfpAaH,lI,HH AHWb C crpagaaaesc Nil ann ach fear maith 'OH TOAbKO xopouraf

97

Mym'lHHa', lI.OCA. 'HeT B HeM (ann) KpOMe xopourero Mym'lHHbl'.

ECAH HMeHHOH '1AeH cxasyeuoro npaxararexeaoe, TO OHO scerna OCTaeTOI B ea.x.:

Is Iaidir na daoine iad 'Eho CI1AbHble AlOlI.H'.

KOHCTPYKlJ,HH C is ynoTpe6N1IOTcH TOAbKO B lI.ByX spesreaaerx <p0pMax - HaCTOHI,!!ero H npoureaurero BpeMeHH, npl1'1eM <popMa npoureanrero BpeMeHH C AeHHpYIOI,!!eH '1aCTHlJ,eH ba TaKme rtepeztaer cocxararexsaoe HaKAOHeHl1e: Ba bhrea an la 6 ';:ho 6blA (6bl) XOPOUlI1H lI.eHb'; Ba mhaith an rud 6 'aTO 6blAO (6bl) xopouro', lI.OCA. 'Xopouieii aTO 6blAO (6bl) BeI,!!blO'.

B HaCTOSII!!eM BpeMeHH OTpl1!J,aTeAbHOH <POPMOH is HBNleTCH ni, rpeoyiorgee h nepell. rAaCHbIM, BOnpOCI1TeAbHOH - an, OTpl1lJ,aTeAbHo-BOnpOCI1TeAbHOH - nach, .3aBI1CHMOH - gur (gurb nepell. rxacaem), .3aBI1CI1MOH OTpl1!J,aTeAbHoH - nach, KOCBeHHOH - ar (arb rrepezr rxacaofi). B npomeanress BpeMeHH OTpl1!J,aTeAbHaH <popMa ba - nior (niorbh nepez rAaCHbIM 11 fh), BOnpOCl1TeAbHaH - ar (arbh rrepen rAaCHbIM 11 fh), OTpl1!J,aTeAbHO-BonpOCHTeAbHaH - nar (narbh nepezr rAaCHblM H fh), 3aBI1CHMaJI - gur (gurbh nepea rAaCHbIM 11 fh), .3aBI1CI1MaJI OTpl1lJ,aTeAbHaJI - nar (narbh nepen rAaCHbIM H fh) H KOCBeHHaH - ar (arbh rrepezt rJ\aCHbIM H fh) .

.llaAee, is oopasyer ocooere CAHTHble <pOPMbI C ca 'rae' - car (carb nepez; rxacHbIM), C '1aCTI1!J,eH do - dar (darb nepea rAacHblM) ''1eH', C rna 'eCAI1' - mas, C mura 'eCJ\H He' - mura (murab nepezt rJ\aCHbIM), C 6 - 6s 'nocxoxsxy'.

II>0PMbl nponrearnero BpeMeHH

ca 'rae' - car (carbh nepen rAaCHbIM), ce 'KTO' - cer (cerbh): da 'eCAI1 6bl' - da mba (da mb' nepen rJ\aCHbIM 11 fh), do - dar ''1eH' (darbh), C rna - rna ba 'ecJ\I1', C mura - murar (murarbh) 'eCAI1 He'.

lI>oPMbl 2KeJ\aTeJ\bHoro HaKJ\oHeHHR

gura (gurab) 'lI.a6bI', nara (narab) 'lI.a6bI He'.

CAell.yeT OTMeTl1Tb, 'ITO b He ynorpedserca C gur B CAell.YIOI,!!HX CAyqaJIX: 1) nepen AH'IHbIM MeCTOHMeHl1eM B <PyHK!J,1111 lI.OnOJ\HeHHH C OTr J\arOAbHbiM I1MeHeM: gur 6 a mharu is ceart ''ITO y6HTb ero npaaaxsao': 2) nepen npenxorosr: gur ag Sean ata se ''ITO aTO y WOHa'; 3) nepea Hape'lHeM: gur anseo ata se ''ITO ElTO 3l1.ecb'.

98

npl1MEPbl

HaCTORQ!ee BpeMR

Nf bean f

'STO He meHI,IJHHa'

An bean f?

• STO meHI,IJHHa?'

Nach bean f?

'Pa3Be aTO He meHI,IJHHa?'

... gur bean i

. ~'

... 'ITO aTO meHI,IJHHa.

Deir se gurb f Maire a rinne e

'OH rOBopHT, 'ITO aTO Msp« caexaxa aTO'

... nach bean f

• ... 'ITO aTO He meHI,IJHHa'

Sin i an bhean arb eol di an sceal

'BoT meHI,IJHHa, KOTopaH 3HaeT aTY HCTOpmo'

fa se p6sta Ie cailfn darb ainm Sinead

'OH meHaT aa zteayurxe, 'Ibe HMH WHHe,a;'

Murab ail leat e a dheanarnh na bac leis 'ECAH refie He XO'IeTCH ztexare aTO, He 6ecnoKoHcH 06 aToM'

Carb as i? 'Orxyna OHa?'

Ce he an fear sin? 'KTO aTOT Mym'IHHa?'

Flpoureauree BpeMR

Nfor bhean i

'STO He 6bIAa meHI,IJHHa'

Ar bhean f?

'STO 6bIAa meHI,IJHHa?'

Nar bhean i?

'Pa3Be aTO He 6bIAa meHI,IJHHa?'

... gur bhean f

.... 'ITO aTO 6bIAa meHI,IJHHa'

Duirt se gurbh i Maire a rinne e

'OH cxasax, 'ITO aTO MapH cziexaxa aTO'

... nar bhean i

.... 'ITO aTO He 6bIAa meHI,IJHHa'

Sin f an bhean arbh eol di an sceal

'BoT meHI,IJHHa, KOTOPaH 3HaAa aTY HCTOPHlO'

Bhi se p6sta Ie cailfn darbh ainm Sinead 'OH 6bIA meHaT aa zteayurxe, 'Ibe HMH 6bIAO WHHe,a;'

Murarbh ail leat e ...

'ECAH reoe He xorexocs .. .'

Carbh as f?

'Orxyaa OHa 6bIAa?'

Cerbh e an fear sin?

'KTO 6bIA aTOT Mym'IHHa?'

99