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vonf cJ,Of;aomumvjzpfrnf &mrS rxGufvdkbJ xkdae&müyif cJ bk&m;ocifonf uREyfk w f Ydk awmfvrf;ü &Siaf ejcif;jzpfygonf/
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xm;onfh jynfhpHkzlvHkí r*Fvm&Sd rdrdqE´twkdif; a&G;í jyKcGifhay;
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wmü qkd;usKd;ESihfawGYMu&rnfjzpf wkq Yd E´tavsmuf tcGiahf wmfvrf;
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wGif tmjAHESifh avmwudk awGY& 'ku©ESifh awGYaeMu&ygovm;/ xkd xGuo f mG ;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ (vk? awmif;oavmuf tazu ykdYay;
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avmwonf MuD;yGm;í <u,f0 w&NyD; tz\tdrft&dyfokdY jyef
vmonfhtcg wpfae&mwnf;ü vmzkdY jzpfonf/ om;i,faemifw
ESpfOD;aezkdY rqefYojzifh cJGí aezkdY pdwEf iS jhf yefvmonft h cg a0;ao;
&efjyifqifNyD; tmjAHonf avmw aomt&yfü&SdpOfyif tzu ajy;
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&mwGif a&rsm;í pm;usuaf umif; okdYjzpfaeygu uG,fum&m|me 15)wGif zcif\<u,f0rI pnf;pdrf ocifonf 0rf;ajrmufpGm BudKqkd
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t&yf&Sd aom'HkESifh a*garm&NrdKU okdY jyefvmzkdY&ef bk&m;ocifonf olrsm;urdrw d ZYdk mwdoabmtwkid ;f qkdygu tb,faMumifh þpum;
om;rsm;wko Yd nf xm0&bk&m; a&SU apmifharQmfaeygonf/ touf&SifrIrsm;udk 0efcsawmif; udk ocifbk&m;u rdefYawmfrljcif;
awmfü qk;d aomolrsm;jzpfí bk&m; yefMuaomfvnf; xkdae&mrS r jzpfygoenf;/ vltcsi;f csi;f u cGihf
ocifonf xkNd rKd UESpNf rKd U&Sd vlrsm;udk rdrdqE´ESifhtnD jyefvMdk u/ avmuDqefpmG touf rvTwfEkdifaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif
pD&ifzkdY jyifqifonfhtcg tmjAH ]]xm0&bk & m;onf ig &SifaeMuaom ywf0ef;usifüom u uREkfyfwkdYtm; cGifhvTwfrnfudk
onf avmwESifhrdom;pktwGuf cdkvIH&m? ig\&Jwkduf? igudk;pm; qufaevkdMuonf/ 0efcsawmif; odapjcif; jzpfygonf/ ,aeY ,Hk
awmif;yefojzifh xkdNrdKUESpfNrdKUü aom bk & m;ocif jzpf a wmf r l yefjcif;udk bk&m;ocif ESpfouf Munforl sm;tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,muf
bk&m;&Sipf w d af wmfEiS ahf wGaY omol onf [ k igajymqk d \ }} awmfryl gonf/ okaYd omf xko d 0Ydk efcs ESifhwpfa,muf tjypfwifaeMu
q,fOD;&SdvQif rzsufqD;[k bk&m; (qm? 91;2) awmif;yefjcif;onf rdrdu bk&m; onf/ tm'HESifh{0onfvnf; bk
ocif rdefYawmfrlygonf/ okdYaomf qmvHq&mu xm0&bk ocif\uG,u f m&m t&dyaf tmuf &m;pum;udk em;raxmifrdonfh
xdkNrdKUü ajzmifhrwfaomolq,fOD; &m;onf rdrdcdkvHI&m &Jwkduf? rdrd rS xGufNyD; ,ckae&mü &Sdaejcif; aemufwpfa,mufay:wpfa,muf
r&Sdojzifh bk&m;ocif zsufqD; ukd;pm;&mt&Sif jzpfonf[k 0efcH onf rSm;,Gif;aMumif;udk odNyD;rS tjypfwifrdMuonf/ aemufqHk;
awmfrlaomtcg avmwESifh rd ajymqkyd gonf/ uREyfk w
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onf/ bk&m;ocifu xGufapvkd r,Hw k wfyg/ [k, d v
kH u
dk ?f 'D,v kH u
dk f (*vm? 5;19-22)/ Muonf/ xkdolrsm;wkdY\touf
í r[kwf/ pum;em;raxmifjcif; jzifh vkud v f mjcif;jzpfygonf/ xkrd S c&pf,meftcsKdUonf bk wmrsm;udk Munfyh gu rwk;d wufbJ
aMumifh xGuo f mG ;&jcif;jzpfygonf/ wjznf;jznf;wk;d wufvmNy;D aemuf &m;ocifudk udk;pm;&rnfhtpm; raeyg/ tcsKUd u usr;f pmudk rsm;pGm
Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf ajzmifrh wfjcif;w&m; qH;k rdro d m;udyk ifay;Ekid o f nftxd taqmifvufzJGYrsm;udk vnfü qJG wwfodNyD;rS [kdvlYa0zef? 'DvluJh
awmfudk a&S;OD;pGm &SmMuavmh/ ,kHMunfvmcJhygonf/ xkd,HkMunf xm;ol? vufarmif;ü ywfcsnf &JU&SdwwfMuonf/ xkdolrsm;onf
aemufrv S adk omt&mrsm;udk xyfrH jcif;onf wkd;wufaeaom ,Hk xm;aomol? tdyx f üJ aqmifxm; bk&m;ocif\uG,fum&m t&dyf
íay;rnf[k *wdawmf&Sdygonf/ Munfjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdenf;wl aomolrsm; &SdMuonf/ xkdt&m atmufü r&SMd uyg/ bk&m;ocif\
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\tkyf uREyfk wf \ Ydk ,HMk unfjcif;onfvnf; onfvnf; ½kyfwkudk udk;uG,fjcif; uG,fum&mt&dyfatmufü cdkvHI
pdk;rIatmufü &Sdraejcif;udk odyg wkd;wufaeaom ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh rnfayonf/ ,aeYc&pf,meftrd f aeygu oufaornfoaYdk y:rvJ/
vsuEf iS hf jyefrvmygu toufwm touf&iS af ejcif;jzpfzv Ydk ydk gonf/ axmifrsm;? toif;awmfrsm;ü t tmjAv H ufxufuyif xko d ufao
ü cJ,Of;jcif;'kuE© iS hf qufí MuKH & udkay:vGifpGm awGY&onf/
rnfjzpfonf/ xko d jYdk zpfaeMuonfh ]]tu,f p if p pf r k q d k ; \
tcg bk&m;ocif\pum;twkdif; ausmh u G i f ; ES i f h 4 if ; ? aowwf
jzpfaeonfukd odrw S yf g/ bk&m;o aomtemESifh4if;? oifhudkuif;
cifxHodkY jyefvmMuyg/ udk,fawmf vG w f a pawmf r l r nf ? tawmif
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aomae&müyif aumif;MuD;ay;yg ítawmifawmfatmufü oif
[k qkyd gu 'l;yGe;f atmif qkawmif; onf vH k j cH K pG m ae&vd r f h r nf } }
aomfvnf; &rnfr[kwfyg/ om; (qm? 91;3-4)/
i,fonf aemifwpdwEf iS t fh ztdrf bk&m;ocif\ uG,fum
okYd jyefvmonft h cg csKUd wJah e&mrS &m t&dyfatmufü&Sdygu pmwef
jynfph zkH vl okH nft h oufwmudk jyef \ausmhuGif; axmifwm;jcif;ü r
í &&Sdygonf/ ausmrh b d J uif;vGwcf iG &hf onfom
uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmudk tjrifhqHk; csif;csif; uJGjym;aeMuonf/ &ef ru usef;rmí w&m;0ifaexkdif
ESvHk;om;ESifhvSnfhvmyg aom bk&m;ocif\uG,fum&m awGYaeMuonf/ *kPfNydKifaeMu cGifhvHkjcHKrIESifh aEG;axG;rIudk cHpm;
]]0dnmOfyuwd\tusKd; |meawmfrS vGiphf ifomG ;apaomt onf/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; jiLplaeMu &rnfjzpfonf/ tawmifawmft
rl u m;? cspf j cif ; ? 0rf ; ajrmuf &mrsm;u tb,fenf;/ onf/xko d aYdk omolrsm;onf bk&m; &dyaf tmufrS xGuo f mG ;ygu jynfy
jcif ; ? jid r f o uf j cif ; ? pd w f & S n f ]]ZmwdyuwdtusifhwkdY ocif\EkdifiHawmftarG wnf;[l okdYoGm;vnf; tqifrajyyg/ t
jcif ; ? aus;Zl ; jyKjcif ; ? aumif ; onf xif & S m ;Mu\/xk d t usif h aom bk&m;ocif\ Munfh½Irp vkyu f wpfcNk y;D wpfck ajymif;aomf
jrwfjcif;? opömapmihfjcif;? El; wk d Y r l u m; ol Y r ,m;ud k jypf r S m ; uG,fumrIESifh aumif;MuD;r*Fvm vnf; aiGu ravmuf? tdru f kd rydYk
nH h o d r f a rG Y j cif ; ? umr*k P f c sKyf jcif;? rw&m;aomarxkefü rSD udk rcHpm;Mu&yg/ bk&m;ocif\ EdkifMuyg/ &Jzrf;í [dkajy;'Dajy;ae
wnf ; jcif ; aywnf ; ?xk d o k d Y a om 0J j cif ; ? npf n L;pG m usif h j cif ; ? uG,fum&m|meawmfonf yx0D &aom toufwm? w&m;0ifae
tusif h u d k tb,f w &m;rQ r &kyfwkudk udk;uG,fjcif;? &efji§Kd; taetxm;t& ajrMuD ; ay:ü xkdifcGifhausmfí [kda&Smif 'Da&Smif
jrpf w m;}} zJ G Y j cif ; ? &ef a wG Y j cif ; ? *k P f N yd K if wnfaqmufxm;aomae&ma'o ae&aomtoufwm jzpfonf/
(*vm 5;22-23) jcif;? trsufxGufjcif;? tcsif; r[kwfaMumif; txufu azmfjy xGufoGm;pOfu rdbudk vkyfauR;
bk&m;ocif\ tkyfpdk;rI csif ; uJ G j ym;jcif ; ? oif ; cJ G j cif ; ? NyD;jzpfygonf/ ,aeY bk&m;ocif zkdY[laom tajymjzifh xGufoGm;
atmufü &Sdaeaomtoufwm ol Y t usKd ; ud k jiLpl j cif ; ? vl Y t \pum;udk em;axmifí touf aomfvnf; rdbxHraS iGjyefawmif;
onf xkdokdYaom toufwmjzpf oufudk owfjcif;? yJGvkyfjcif;rS &Sifaeaom tdrfaxmifrdom;pk ae&onf/ vkyforQ tqifrajy
onf/ bk&m;ocifukd ,HMk unfjcif; píxkdokdYaomtusifhaywnf;/ rsm;? rdwfo[m,i,fav;rsm; &Sd jzpfMu&onf/ tcsKdUuvnf; vkyf
jzihf touf&iS yf gu xko d Ydk touf xk d o k d Y a omtusif h u d k u sih f a om Muygonf/ xkdae&mrsm;ü reuf ae&if;? aiG&ae&if;ESihf use;f rma&;
&SifEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ tmjAHonf olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiH ntdrfaxmif0wfudk jyKMuovkd? raumif;ojzifh &orQaq;ukNyD;
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xkdokdYjzpfaeMuygu udk,fawmf vSnfhNyD; aemifwESifh qkawmif; udk;uG,frI jyK&aomolrsm; jzpf p&mbkw Yd ufomG ;ygonf/xkaYd Mumifh
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awmfu igxHoYdk vmaomolukd ig awmif;ygonf/ ta0;okdY a&muf omrubJtdrfwGif &SdorQaomol qufoG,frI jyKygonf/ aumae
onf tvsif;ry,f[k *wdawmf aejyD; jyefvmp&m p&dwfyif r&Sd wkEYd iS w
hf uG bk&m;0wfü arGaY vsmí f vdonf c&pf,mefr[kwfyg/ okdY
&Sdygonf/ okdYaomf OD;aESmufESifh jzpfaeygu ud, k af wmfu rac:yg/ bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&UHG jcif;&So d aomf? aumaevdtdrfü bk&m;
vSnfhvmjcif;rjzpfzkdY owdjyKyg/ vludk rac:aomfvnf; pdwfESvHk; jzifh vlwkdYtm; rsm;pGmaompGefYMuJ ocif\uG,fum&m|meawmfjzpf
uREkfyfwkdYESvHk;om;ESifh udk,fawmf udk ac:aeygonf/ udk,fawmfxH jci;fudkjyKjyD; bk&m;ocifudk tpOf aeygonf/ ,aeYc&pf,mefrsm;pGm
xHodkY vSnfhvmMuzkdYvkdygonf/ awmfoYdk ESv;kH om;ESihf vSnv hf mMu qkawmif;avh&ydS gonf/ xkw d yfrLS ; u csmvywfvnf aeMuygonf/
zkYd vkyd gonf/ vlwidk ;f jyKEidk o f nft h qkawmif;onfrSm a,&k&SvifjrdKU xkdokdYrjzpfMuzkdY&ef udk,fawmft
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]]oef Y & S i f ; &m |meawmf om;ESifh vSnfhjyefrvmvkdygu xkd wGif jyKaejcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;o aomt&yfudk &Smí xkdt&yfüae
ü bk & m;ocif u d k csD ; rG r f ; Mu oludk rpjcif;iSm ud, k af wmf rwwf cifonf rnfrQaumif;jrwfaom Muyg/ xkdokdYtouf&SifaeMuygu
avmh / xl ; qef ; aomwef c k d ; Ekdifyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjrihf bk&m;ocifjzpfygoenf;/ uREyfk w f Ydk tHMh ozG,o f ufaoESihf aumif;Mu;D
awmf r sm;aMumif h bk & m;ocif qH;k aom bk&m;\uG,u f m&m|me rwwfEkdifonhft&mudk rawmif; r*Fvmrsm;pGmukd cHpm;&rnfjzpf
ud k csD ; rG r f ; Muavmh / tvG e f w awmfwnf;[laom bk&m;ocif\ qkdyg/ vludk aus;Zl;jyKcsifvGef;o aMumif; arwåmESifhtoday;a0iS
&mMuD ; jrwf a wmf r l j cif ; &S d o nf h tkyfpdk;jcif;? uG,fumjcif;? rpyHhydk; jzifh &So d nfah e&müyif ESv;kH om;ESihf vku d &f ygonf/
twk d i f ; csD ; rG r f ; Muavmh } } jcif;? rdwfo[m,jyKjcif; r*Fvm bk&m;ocifxHokdY jyefvmMuzkdYom
(qm? 150;1-2)/ ESihf &Sad eapzk&Yd ef Ekid if aH wmf[k ac: awmif ; qk d y gonf / aumaevd emrawmfjrwfü
a&Smvrkefrif;MuD;onf Ad qk d a omt&yf u d k ud k , f a wmf u onf apwempdwfESifh ay;vSLyg nDtpfuBkd u;D DrwifarmifxeG ;f
rmefawmfudk tEkarm'emjyKonfh wnfaqmufygonf/ (wref? 10) onf/ tjcm;ol 'ku©a&mufonf
tcg ud k , f a wmf \ vl r sm;onf wGif vlwpf&mudk tkyfcsKyfaom udk jrifygu raeEkdifyg/ aumae
ud,
k af wmfxrH x S uG o f mG ;í ta0; a&mrwyfrSL;aumaevdudk awGY vdtoufwmudk bk&m;ocifjrif
okdY a&mufaejyD;rS 'ku©ESifhMuHKawGY &onf/ a&mrppfonfwo Ydk nf {u ygonf/ ol\touf&SifrIonf

(rm? 8;18) rsuaf ph&v dS suf awmfuo kd zd ?Ykd bk&m;ocif\arwåm wmü tusKd;&Sdaomt&mudk cHpm; Munfjcif;onf oifhudku,frNyD[k
yifrjrif? em;&Svd suyf if rMum;?pdwf udk cHpm;zkdY tvkdawmf&Sdygonf/ EkdifzkdY&ef tm;xkwfygonf/ vlt rdeaYf wmfro
l nfch Pjcif;wGif xkod l
ratmufarhbJ aeMuoavm/ rsm;u olYtm; wdwfqdwfpGm ae onf rsufaphjrifí aemufawmf
avmuü touf&iS cf ahJ om ESpf v ,HkMunfjcif;\tusKd; apzk&Yd ef aigufqMdk uaomfvnf; o okdY vkdufavonf/ AmwdrJonf
&SnfMumavav jrifaomt&m? (rm? 10;46-52)wGif jrif cifa,&IMum;&ef omí[pfaMumf ocif a ,&I v monf u d k rjrif &
Mum;cJh aomt&mrsm;pGm &SdMu í r*FvmjzpfoGm;aom AmwdrJt ygonf/ aemufqHk;ü ocifa,&I aomfvnf; Mum;&&HkrQjzifh ocif
rnfjzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf rnf&dS vluefwpfO;D udk awG&Y onf/ onf Mum;í&yf a wmf r l j yD ; vQif a,&Iudk csOf;uyfvmjyD; touf
jrifcahJ omt&m? Mum;cJah om t&m olonf emZ&ufjrdKUom; a,½I&Sd xkdolukd ac:cJh[k rdefYawmfrlNyD; wmü rsufaphjrifjcif; r*Fvmudk
rsm;udk trI rJhtrSwfrJhjrifcJh? Mum; aMumif;udkMum;vQif 'g0d'f\om; a&muf v monf h t cg oif ü t cHpm;&ygonf/ (r? 20;30)wGif
cJhygovm;/ xkdokdYtav;rrlbJ? awmfa,&ItuREyfk u f kd oem;awmf b,fodkY jykapvkdoenf;[k ar; vnf; rsuu f ef;ESpaf ,mufukd awGY
trIrJhtouf&SifzkdY ukd,fawmft rlyg[k [pfaMumfygonf/ AmwdrJ awmfryl gonf/ xkt d cg vluef;u &onf/ xkdolESpfOD;onf rjrifEkdif
vdkr&Sdyg/ uREkfyfwkdY jrifcJhMum;cJh& onf rjrifEkdifaomfvnf; Mum; tuREkfyfrsufaphjrifapjcif;iSm jyK aomfvnf; ocifa,½I <uvm
orQtm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\tvdk wwfaomem;tm;jzifh olYtouf awmfrlyg[k avQmufvQif oifh,Hk aMumif;udk Mum;vQif ud, k af wmfukd

page 4
csO;f uyfíatmf[pfygonf/ xko d l aMumifh uef;aeaom rsufaphyif bk&m; ac:awmfrlaMumif; az:jy &Sio f efaeol[k qdEk idk of nf/ (a,m
ESpfOD;onfvnf; Mum;wwfaom jyefí jrifvmNyD; yuwdtwkdif; xm;ygonf/ tdyfaysmfaepOf t e? 1)wGif xm0&bk&m;u edaea0
em;&Sifoefaomolrsm; jzpfonf/ &Sif;vif;pGm awGY&ygonf/ ,aeY rnfac:onfhtcg awmf½kHESifh r jrdKUom;rsm;tm; olwdkY\'kp½kduf
olwkdYonf rjrifEkdifaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifu t Mum;Ekdifyg/ odkYaomf &SarGvonf tjypfrsm;rS aemifw&zdkY&ef owd
Mum;wwfaomem; &Sifoefojzifh csn;f ES;D Mum;apjcif;r[kw?f tcsn;f xm0&bk&m;\ ac:oHudk Mum; ay;pum;qdzk Ykd a,metm; apvGwf
aemufqHk;ü ocifa,½I\aus;Zl; ESD;jrifapjcif; r[kwfyg/ Mum;jcif; vQif tuREkfyf&Sdyg\[kxl;jyD; {vd ygonf/ odkYaomf a,meonf xdk
jyKjcif;udk cH&NyD; rsufaphjyefjrif& jrifjcif;tm;jzifh toufwmü t xHodkY ajy;í udk,fawmfac:aom pum;udk rajymvdí k edaea0jrKd UodYk
aomtcGifhudk &Muygonf/ usK;d jzpfjy;D r*FvmcHpm;apzkYd jzpfyg aMumifh vmonf[k qdv k Qif {vdu roGm;bJ? wm½IjrKd UodYk oabFmpD;í
onf/ (r?7;3-5) uREkfyfwkdYonf rdrd rac:? tdyyf g[kqokd nft h wdik ;f xGuaf jy;ygonf/ a,meonf xm
&Sif;vif;pGmjrifapvkdonf rdrdtoufwmü&Sdaom tm;enf; jyefoGm;ítdyfygonf/ txufyg 0&bk&m;\pum;udk Mum;aomf
(rm?8;22-25)wGif ocif csufudk rjrifbJ? nDtpfudk\tm; enf;twdkif; oHk;Budrfwdkif {vdxH vnf; em;raxmif ,m;wwfaom
a,½IAufZJ'NrdKUokdY a&mufonfht em;&SdjyD; rdrdZmwdoabmtwdkif;
cg vluef;wpfa,mufudk txH om jyKvo kd jl zpfaMumif;awG&Y onf/
awmfoYkd aqmifcMhJ uygonf/ ud, k f a,meonf bk&m;ocif\pum;
awmfonf ol\rsuaf phukd wawG; awmfudk wdusaocsmpGm Mum;jyD;
ESifhaxG;í oltay:ü vufawmf tvdkawmfudk &Sif;vif;pGm odyg
udk wifawmfrljyD; oifonf wpfpHk vQuf em;raxmifa&SUawmfrS xGuf
wpfckudk jrifoavm[k ar;vQif ajy;oljzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ig;BuD;
vlwo Ydk nf opfyifuo hJ Ykd vSr;f oGm; 0rf;xJoYkd a&mufonft h cgrS aemif
onfudk jrifygonf[k avQmufqkd w&í bk&m;udk tm½kHjyKojzifh
ygonf/ olonf rsuaf phjrif&aomf bk&m;&Sio f nf ig;Bu;D 0rf;xJrv S w G f
vnf; MunfvifpGm rjrif0dk;w0g; apygonf/xdaYk emuf xm0&bk&m;
omjrif&ygonf/ ocifa,½I avm u a,metm; edaea0NrdKUom;
uodkY <uvmjcif;onf avmu wdkYxHodkY apvGwfygonf/ trdefY
rsufaphrjrifonfudk jrifapzkdY &ef enf;csufudk jyKjyifvkdMuonf/ &SarGvvmonfhtcg &SarGvudk awmftwdik ;f edaea0NrKd UodYk a,me
jzpfovkd? "r®tm½HkrjrifEkdifatmif ocifbk&m;u uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdaom xm0&bk&m;ac:aMumif; {vd &dyf oGm;aomfvnf; oHk;&ufc&D;oGm;
arSmifaeaomt&mtm;vHk;vnf; tm;enf;csuf csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;udk rdojzifh oGm;ítdyfavmh? aemuf &aomNrdKUudk wpf&ufc&D;rQom
jrifz&Ydk ef jzpfygonf/ vluef;onf OD;pGm jyKjyifapvkyd gonf/ odrYk oS m wpfzefac:vQif tdk xm0&bk&m; oGm;jyD; oifwdkYonf aemifwr&
ocifa,&I\vufawmfwifjcif; tjcm;olrsm;udk ulnDEkdif&ef &Sif; trdefY&Sdawmfrlyg/ udk,fawmf\ vQif t&ufav;q,f vGefaomf
cH&onfhtcg 0kd;w0g;jrifygonf/ vif;pGm jrifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf/ uRefMum;ygonf rdefYawmfrlyg[k edaea0NrdKUonf ysufpD;jcif;odkY
MunfvifpGm rjrifao;yg/ xkdt (Asm?2;3)wGif toif;awmfcEk pS yf g; rSm xm;onfhtwdkif; jyKygonf/ a&mufvdrfhrnf[k a<u;aMumfyg
qifhESifhom qufvuftouf&Sif tm; ocifb&k m;u pum;ajym&m aemufwzef xm0&bk&m;onf onf/ a,meu wm0efaus½kHrQ
oGm;ygu olYtwGuf tEå&m,f ü em;&Sad omolrnfonfum; Mum; &SarGvtm;ac:vQif &SarGvonf om jyKaomfvnf; edaea0 rif;Bu;D
rsm;vSayonf/ udk,fawmf\t ygap[k rdeq Yf ydk gonf/ ud,
k af wmf xl;í xm0&bk&m;onf {vdt rSpí NrdKUolNrdKUom;taygif;wdkY
vkdawmfu olYukd &Sif;vif;pGm jrif uREkfyfwkdYtm; ay;xm;aomem; aMumif;ESihf ol\a&SUa&;udk zGijhf yyg onf bk&m;ocif\trdeaYf wmfukd
apzkdY&ef jzpfygonf/ xkdaMumifh onf Mum;p&mrsm;udk rSefuefpGm onf/ ,aeY em;&SdjyD;rMum;Muol ,HkMunfí aemifw&NyD; bk&m;
aemufwzef olYrsufaphtay:ü Mum;NyD; toufwmü r*Fvmjzpf rsm;pGm &Sdygonf/ þusrf;ydk'fwGif ocifbufodkY vSnfhvmMuum w
vufawmfudk wifí MunfharQmf apzkdY jzpfygonf/ &SarGvonf bk&m;pum;oHudk nDwnGww f nf; a&SUawmfow Ykd ;kd 0if
apvQif olonf yuwdtjzpfodkY Mum;onft h cg bk&m;ajymonfukd ítpmudk a&SmifvQuf qkawmif;
a&mufí tvH;k pHw k u
Ydk kd &Si;f vif;pGm ,m;wwfaomem;r&Sdoifh rodaomfvnf;?Mum;wwfaomem; yXmemudk jyKMuaMumif; awGY&
jrifavonf/ rsufaphuef;aom (1&m? 3;1)wGif &SarGv &SdaMumif; awGY&onf/ xdkaMumifh onf/ a,meonf owday;pum;
olonf &Sifoefaomem;&Sdaom onf tdyfaysmfpOf olYtm; xm0& &SarGvonf Mum;wwfaomem; udk tav;teufxm;ajymjcif;

page 5
r[kwfaomfvnf; edaea0NrdKUom; ynfhawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYjrifcJhjyD; udk jrifawGY&vQufESifh a,½k&Svif tr*Fvma&muf&ouJo h Ykd uREyfk w
f Ykd
wdkYü &Sifoefaomem; &SdMuojzifh aomwefc;kd awmfrsm;udk axmufí NrdKUESifh NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;u bk&m; toufwmüvnf; ocifbk&m;
ajymif;vJjcif;odYk a&mufMuygonf/ 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh bk&m;o ociftm; csD;rGrf;&aumif;rSef; r ESifh pyfqdkifí jrif&Mum;&onfht
a,meonf urÇ m ay:ü txd cifukd axmyemjyKí xm0&bk&m; od? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfudk ay: owdrjyK tav;rxm;ygu
a&mufqHk;aom w&m;a[mq&m tcGifhESifh <uvmawmfrlaom &Sif rodrSwfaomaMumifh ocifa,½I toufwmür*Fvmr&Sjd zpfayrnf/
[líyif ajymEkdifavmufatmif bk&ifonf r*Fvm&Sdapownf;/ onf a,½k&SvifjrdKUudk Munfh½Ií xdkaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYtoufwmü
BuD;rm;pGmaom ajymif;vJrIBuD; aumif;uifb0*f0,f bke;f Bu;D ap idka<u;ygonf/ aus;Zl;udk rod Mum;&orQ jrifawGY&orQt&m
jzpfcyhJ gonf/ ,aeY uREyfk w
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EIwu f ywfawmfukd Mum;em&onfh aMumfMuygonf/ tcsKd Uaomolrsm; tm; jypfwifa0zef½IwfcsNyD; jiif; aumif;usKd ;cHpm;p&mzdYk &ifu h suaf p
tcg rnfodkYcH,lMuygoenf;/ t u jrnf;ausmay:ü rdrdwdkYt0wf qefMuojzifh a,½k&SvifNrdKUESifh zdkY bk&m;ay;aomt&mrsm; jzpf
oufwmü rnfodkY tusdK;&Muyg rsm;udk wifvQuf ud, k af wmfukd pD; wuG jrdKUoljrdKUom;wdkYtay:ü us aMumif; odrSwfí tav;xm;*½k
oenf;/ apMuygonf/ tcsKd Uwdu Yk vnf; rdrd a&muf rnfhab;qdk;BuD;udk ocif jyKNy;D touf&iS Mf uzd&Yk ef arwåmESihf
wdkYt0wfrsm;udk vrf;ücif;vQuf bk&m;onf oAnKwOmPfawmf today;a0iSvdkuf&ygonf/
Mum;od&rIowdjyKyg udk,fawmfudk oGm;apMuygonf/ tm;jzifh odjrifojzifh 0rf;enf;jcif;
(vk? 19; 33-44) ocif þodkY wynfhawmfwdkYESifhtrsm; ESifh owday;pum;udk >rwfqdkyg emrawmfjrwfü
a,½Ionf a,½k&SvifNrdKUwGif;odkY aomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYjrifcJhMum;cJh onf/ a,½k&SvifNrdKUonf rdrdo nDtpfuOkd ;D uyfcefcY yk f
0ifa&mufzdkY&ef jrnf;uav;udk pD; jyD;aomt&mrsm;tay: tajcjyK cif <uvmonfudk owdrjyKrd? t
í vm&mvrf;wavQmufwGif w í ud, k af wmfukd cs;D rGr;f aeMuonf av;rxm;rdojzifh olwdkYtay:ü

,aeY urÇmMuD;udk Munfh udk,fvuft*FgcsKdUwJhygu oaE¨ qkawmif;vsuf uJGjcif;trIudk bk&m;ociftvkd

ygu ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif om;b0rSmyif zsuq f ;D ypfz&Ydk ef t apmihfaeMuavmh awmfr&Sad Mumif; (rmv? 2;16)wGif
&moDOwk\azmufjyefraI Mumifh a& MuHay;ygonf/ xkdokdYtMuHjyKjcif; ,aeYurÇmMuD;udk Munfh azmf j yxm;ygonf / ok d Y a omf
BuD;NyD; ajrjydKaomowif;rsm;ESifh rSm w[kex f ;dk wk;d yGm;aeaomurÇm ygu vlYtjrifü wkd;wufaeonf urÇmMuD;ay:ü tdrfaxmif100
twl ted|m&HktjzpftysuftrsKd; vlOD;a&udk xdef;csKyfzkdY pOf;pm;í [kqb dk ,
G &f adS omfvnf; vlwoYdk nf wGif 50u vifr,m;uJGjym;rIjzpf
rsKd;udk awGYMu&onf/ pdk;&drfxdwf vkyaf qmifMujcif; jzpfygonf/ xkd wd&pämefavmufyif rdr&d ifaoG;t aeaMumif; awGY&onf/ xdktxJ
vefzY , G &f mtjzpftysut f aMumif; okdY jyKMuaomaMumifh wpfESpfvQif ay:ü arwåmr&SdMuonfudk awGY wGif yxru tar&duefEkdifiHjzpf
t&mrsm; jzpfonf/ or®musr;f pm uav;aygif; 55oef;urÇmay:ü &onf/ ,aeYvrl sm;pm&dwaå zmuf aomfvnf;? 'kwd,u udk;&D;,m;?
udk qifjcifygu bk&m;ocifonf towfcHaeMu&onf/ wpf&uf jyefaeMuonf/ or®musrf;pmü wwd,u xkdif0rf? pwkw¦ *syef
vlYtoufowfjcif;udk tvkdawmf wGif 150684OD;? wpfem&DwGif a,musmf ;jcif; arxkejf yKjcif;? rde;f jzpfjyD; yOöru puFmylEkdifiHjzpf
r&Sad Mumif; awG&Y onf/ r&nf&, G f 6278OD;? wpfrdepfwGif 105OD;t rcsif;arxkefjyKjcif;? wd&pämefESifh aMumif;od&onf/ xko d v
Ydk ifr,m;
bJ trSww f rJh vlowfryd gu ckv d IH jypfrJhaomuav;rsm; towfcH qufqHjcif;trIudk wm;qD;xm; uJGjym;rIaMumifh uav;25&mckdif
&mjrdKUudk bk&m;ocifu jyifqif aeMu&ygonf/ or®musrf;pmu aomfvnf; ,aeY xkdt&mrsm;udk EI e f ; onf txuf w ef ; ynmud k
xm;ygonf/ okaYd omf &nf&, G cf suf ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf <uvm w&m;0ifcGifhjyKxm;onfudk awGY& qufí roifEidk Mf uyg/ q,fausmf
&Sd&SdESifhowfygu aMumuf&GHUbG,f csed ef ;D aomtcg vlwo Ydk nf arwåm onf/ xkaYd Mumifh urÇmay:ü ukí ouf uav;i,frsm;pGmu pdwf
jzpfygonf/ 1970cefu Y udik ½f dk nD acgif;yg;rnfjzpfaMumif; azmfjy r&aoma&m*gMuD;rsm;jzpfyGm;vm a&m*gcHpm;Mu&onf/ rdbESpfyg;
vmcHwiG f a'gufwma['ifu &if xm;ygonf/ jy;D ,aeYurÇmay:ü H.I.Va&m*g twlr&Sdí rqHk;rEkdifojzifh q,f
aoG;i,frsm;udk oaE¨om;b0ü pJGuyfol oef;40ausmf &Sdvmyg ausmfoufuav;rsm; udk,f0ef
prf;oyfMunfh&IjyD; OmPf&nfrrSD? onf/ or®musrf;pmü vifr,m; aqmifrEI eI ;f vnf; rsm;pGmjrifwh uf

page 6
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arG;aom rde;f uav; rsm;pGm&Sv d m wnf v d r f h r nf / xk d t csd e f e m&D ]]xkdtcg? ae? v? Mu,f awmif;vsufapmifhaeMuzkdY owd
ovkd? rdrdudk,frdrdowfaoaom um; crnf ; awmf r S wpf y g;t eu© w f w k d Y ü yk y Ü e d r d w f x if & S m ; ay;xm;ygonf/
q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;pGm &Sd b,f o l r Qrod / aumif ; uif w vdrfhrnf/ ajrMuD;ay:rSmvnf;
vmMuonf/ q,fausmfoufvl ref r sm;rod / om;awmf v nf ; vl t rsKd ; rsKd ; rjid r f r ouf p d k ; &d r f ocifa,&ItaMumif;udk
i,f r sm;\'k p &k d u f u sL;vG e f r I u rod } } aMumif h M ujcif ; ? ork ' ´ & mvd I i f ; ajymyg
vnf; tHHhrcef; wkd;wufvmaeyg (rm 13;31-32)/ wH y k d ; MuD ; jcif ; ? ajrMuD ; ay:rS m ]]okdYjzpfít&yf&yfwkdY ü
onf/ xkdtajctaecyfodrf;wkdY aumif;uifESifh ajrMuD;r jzpfvwHåaomab;rsm;udk ajrmf a,musf m ;wk d Y o nf trsuf
onf ocifc&pfawmf<uvmcsed ef ;D wnfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ íaMumufveYfojzihf vlrsm;wkdY xG u f j cif ; ? jiif ; ck e f j cif ; r&S d b J
jyDjzpfaMumif; azmfjyowday;ae pum;awmfwpfcGef;rQ rjynfhpHkbJ \touf q H k ; jcif ; t&mwk d Y o nf oefY&Sif;aom vufudkcsDí qk
jcif;yif jzpfygonf/ tcsKdUaom aernfr[kwfyg/ xkdYaMumifh rnf jzpf M uvd r f h r nf / taMumif ; rl awmif ; apjcif ; iS m igtvk d & S d \ }}
q&mrsm;uvnf; ocifc&pfawmf rQusrf;pmwwfí usrf;aMuaom um; aumif ; uif w ef c d k ; wk d Y (1wd ? 2;8)/
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page 7
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page 8
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page 9
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wdkYtm; &Sif;vif;pGm rdefYawmfrlí jyifqifxm;aomvrf;udk &SmazGí zdwaf c:cJyh gonf/ í vufawGYemcHjcif;tm;jzifh pdwf
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vufawGv Y yk af qmif&rnf[v k nf; aumif;aomvrf;udk vdu k af vQmuf oltaygif;wdkY? ighxHodkY vmMu \aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;udk t
azmfjyygonf/ ol\vlwdkYudk ]]&yf &ef a&G;cs,frIudk jyKjcif;tm;jzifh avmh / igonf csrf ; omay; oufwmxJwGif cHpm;&&Sdygvdrfh
í}} ]]Munf½h }I } ]]Muavmh}}&SmazGvQuf vnf; vHkavmufrI r&Sdyg/ rnf/ ighxrf;bdk;udkwifíxrf; rnf/
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odkYjyKvQif ]]pdwfESvHk;oufomMu vdkufMuavmh}}) igonf El;nHhodrfarGYESdrfhcsaom emrawmfjrwfü
vdrfhrnf}}[lí bk&m;ocifñTef bk&m;ocif\vrf;jyjcif; pd w f o abm&S d \ / oif w d k Y p d w f nDtpfudkOD;wifarmifMunf
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(1) aumif;aomvrf;udk &SmazGjcif; wGif emcHvQuf vdkufavQmuf& vd r f h r nf / }}
(]]&yfí}} ]]Munfh½I}} ]]ar;jref;}}) rnf/ xdkYaMumifh "r®a[mif;umv (róJ? 11;28-29)
oif \ touf w monf &Sd bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;ESifh ,aeY
oufaocHcsuf Ny;D cJw
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hf wl tif;
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wGuf yxrOD;qHk;jyKvkyf&rnfht udk em½HkrQomjyKjcif; r[kwfbJ
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&mrSm ]]&yfí}} odrYk [kwf ]]&yfem;í}} vufawGv Y u kd af vQmuf&rnf/ (,m axmuftenf;i,f yGef;oGm;aomfvnf; toufab;rS vGwfcJh&wJh
tajctaeudk ]]Munfh½I}}NyD; rSef 1;22) uREyfk w f o Ykd nf uREyfk w f yYkd wf twGuf uReaf wmfwZYkd eD;armifEu HS kd toufab;rS uG,u f mu,fwif
uefaomvrf;? a&S;vrf;a[mif;? 0ef;usifwGif&Sdaom avmu\" cJhwJh bk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmfudk csD;rGrf;&if; oufaocHygw,f/
aumif;aomvrf;wdjYk zifh rnfuo hJ Ykd avhx;kH pHtwdik ;f touf&iS &f rnf OD;apmrsdK;vGif

page 13
 jrefrmjynfü or®musrf; (6)ESpftMumrS toD;tyGifhtjzpf &eftvif;udkay;aom xm0&bk udk zefqif;í ol\ESmacgif;xJ
pmtoif;MuD; tpjyKcJhonfrSm &&Scd jhJ cif; jzpfonf/ ,aeY touf &m;\rD;cGuf jzpfygonf/ EIwfu ok d Y ZD 0 touf u d k rI w f a wmf r l
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(120) cefY&SdjyDjzpfonf/ tpjyK or®musr;f pmudk uREyfk w f uYdk ikd w
f ,
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csdefrSpí jrefrmjynfor®musrf;pm zwf½cI iG &hf Mujcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ toufonf wefbkd;BuD;rm;vSyg (u? 2;7)/
toif;MuD;\ MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI aus;Zl;awmfudk csD;rGrf;p&m jzpfyg onf/ or®musrf;pmü bG m ;jrif vltY ouf\tponf bk
aMumifh jrefrmjynfü wkid ;f &if;om; onf/ aomom;orD ; wk d Y o nf xm0& &m;ocifxHu jzpfygonf/ uREkfyf
vlrsKd;bmompum; (200)cefY&Sd bk&m;qkcsí ay;oem;awmfrl wk&Yd iS of efaeaomtoufonf bk
onfhteufrS bmompum;(64) touf\tp bk&m;ocif aomtarGOpömjzpfonf[k azmf &m;ocifay;xm;aomtoufjzpf
rsK;d jzifh bmomjyefqí dk or®musr;f or®musr;f pmonf bk&m; jyxm;ygonf/ (qm? 127;3) okdY ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY ywf0ef;usifü
pmudk xkwfa0EkdifcJhjyD;jzpfygonf/ ocif\ oef&Y iS ;f aom0dnmOfawmf aomf tcsKdUaom ,HkMunfolrsm; ,HkMunfrItrsKd;rsKd; &Sdygonf/ xkdY
or®musrf;pmonf touf&SifjyD; aMumifh trsm;u rdrw d üYdk &Sad omt
tHhMobG,fjzpfygonf/ (1813) ck oufonf bk&m;ocif ay;xm;
ESpfwGif q&m,k'óefonf om aomtoufjzpfaMumif; rodMu
oemjyKwpfOD; taejzifh jrefrm olrsm;ygonf/
jynfukd a&muf&cdS yhJ gonf/ olonf ]]tptOD;ü EIwfuywf
tar&duefvlrsKd;wpfOD; jzpfonf/ awmf & S d \ /.....xk d E I w f u
q&m,k'óefonf jrefrmbm ywfawmfü touf&Sd\/ xkdt
omjzihf or®musrf;pmtkyfudk a&; ouf o nf v nf ; vl w k d Y \ tvif ;
om;xkwfa0EkdifzkdY&ef jrefrmbm jzpf\/ xkdtvif;onf arSmif
ompum;udk tzkd;tcay;í avh rkdufü vif;í arSmifrkdufonf
vmjyD;aemuf 0dnmOfawmf\rprI rcH r ,l } }
tm;jzifh a&;om;cJh&m jrefrmrsm; (a,m 1;1-5)/
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rGefvSonfudk awGY&onf/ q&m í ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwkdYt rxm;? avmuom;rsm;uJo h Ydk aysmf uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;pDudk pum;ajym
Mu;D onf or®musr;f pmudk bmom oufwmü vrf;raysmufzkdY? vrf; aysmfae aocJ[laom oabmrsKd; vsuf? oGefoifvsuf &Sdygonf/
jyefqkd&if;ESifh omoemjyKcJh&m t rvJTEkdifzkdY&ef aeYnrjywf Munfh&I cH,jl y;D ayghayghqqtouf&iS Mf u avmuMuD;xJü pum;pum;ajym
aeqif;&J? tpm;qif;&JcH&onf zwf&Gwfí ESvHk;oGif; qifjcifoifh onf/ uREyfk w f o
Ydk nf bk&m;ocif ygrsm; pum;xJu Zmwdjy[laom
omru tif;0axmif? awmifyif Muygonf/ \o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif; qk&d ;dk pum;&Syd gonf/ vlwpfO;D wpf
v,faxmifrsm;üvnf; axmifus ]]EI w f u ywf a wmf o nf xm;awmfrjl cif;cH&aomolrsm;jzpf a,mufajymaompum;rsm;tm;
cJhonf/ q&m,k'óef aoqHk; tuREk f y f a jca&S U rS m rD ; cG u f j zpf Muygonf/ okaYd omf xkt d oufwm jzifh ol\pdwx f üJ &Sad omcHpm;csu?f
csdefü jrefrmjynfwGif ,HkMunfol í? tuREk f y f v rf ; c&D ; ud k vif ; rsm;udk ysufpD;jcif;ü vrf;qHk;zkdY&ef tMuHtpnfponfwkdYudk odEkdifyg
(500)cefY &Scd jhJ yjD zpfonf/ q&m,k' apyg\}} pmwefonfenf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifh vSnhf onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
óefonf jrefrmjynfü yxrOD; (qm? 119;105)/ jzm;aoG;aqmifvsuf&Sdygonf/ wpfO;D pDukd cspaf wmfral omaMumifh
qHk;ajymif;vJaom ,HkMunfoljzpf EIwu f ywfawmfonfuREyfk f ]]xdkYaemufxm0&t&Sif EIwfuywfawmftm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdY
onfh OD;aemtm; omoemjyKjyD; wkYd avQmufomG ;&rnfv h rf;udk odzYkd bk&m;ocifonfajrrIefYjzifh vl tm; odapvkdaomt&mrsm;udk

page 14
oGefoifazmfjyvsuf &Sdaeygonf/ ]]rd r d o m;awmf & if ; ud k onf t&G,ftm;jzifh i,fao; a&mufrS rdrdtrSm;rsm;udk jrifum
EIwu f ywfawmfonf bk&m;ocif rES a jrmbJ igwk d Y & S d o rQtbk d Y t onfjzpfí rdru d , kd uf kd rxde;f odr;f aemifw&Ny;D tztdro f Ydk jyefvmzkYd
\tvkad wmfjzpfovk?d tMut H pnf vk d i S m pG e f Y a wmf r l a omol o nf Ekdif&HkrQru rdrdOpömypönf;rsm;udk &ef jyifqifygonf/ ,aeY tcsKdY
awmfvnf;jzpfygonf/ om;awmfESifhwuGcyfodrf;aom vnf; rxdef;odrf;Ekdifyg/ EkdifiHjcm; aomolrsm;onf toufwmü t
]]EI w f u ywf a wmf o nf t&mwk d Y u d k igwk d Y t m;ray;bJ oko Yd mG ;í ukeo f , G jf cif;?tvkyv f yk f rSm;jyKcJhrdí 'ku©a&mufonfhtcg
vnf ; vl Z mwd t jzpf u d k c H , l í ? tb,f o k d Y a eawmf r l r nf e nf ; }} jcif;onf ,ckrsufarSmuftcsdefrS aemifw&wwfMuaomfvnf; bk
aus;Zl;awmfESifh4if;?opömawmf (a&m? 8;32)/ om &Sdvmonfr[kwfyg/ a&S;, &m;ociftvdak wmfbufoYdk jyefí
ESifh4if;? jynfhpHkvsuf igwkdYwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf ciftcsdefuyif &SdcJhaMumif; or®m vS n f h r vmMuaomol r sm;vnf ;
wnf a eawmf r l o nf } } wkdYtm; rdrdü&Sdaom wpfyg;wnf; usrf;pmazmfjycsuft& od&SdEkdifyg rsm;pGm &Sdygonf/ aemifwESifh t
(a,m? 1;14)/ aomom;awmfuykd if ay;awmfrNl y;D onf/ om;i,fonf zcif\tdrrf S zxH jyefvmaomom;\jzpftifukd
xkaYd Mumifh uREyfk w
f wYdk pfO;D jzpfí useft&mcyfodrf;wnf;[l a0;pGmaom jynfokdYa&muf&Sdonfh pOf;pm;Munfyh gu t0wftpm;EGr;f
pDonf touf\t f ponf bk&m; aom uREkfyfwkdY vkdtyfaomt&m tcg ud, k u
f u
kd ,kd f rxde;f Ekid ?f Opöm EGr;f zwfzwfEiS hf vlu npfxyfxyf
ocifxu H vmjcif;jzpfaMumif;?qif &So
d rQukd ray;bJrae[k *wdawmf ypönf;rsm;udkvnf; rxdef;EkdifbJ ESihf jzpfaeayrnf/ okaYd omf xko d m;
jciford wS í f tav;*½kjyKtouf &Syd gonf/ xkad Mumif;t&mudk qif umr*kPfcHpm;í tusKd;rJhukefap jyefvmonfukd zcifonf ta0;
&SifMuzkdY&ef vkdygonf/ jcifem;vnfEkdifzkdY&ef aysmufaom ojzihf &SdorQukefoGm;ygonf/ xkd u jrifvQif oem;aompdwfESifh
om; Oyrmtm;jzifh bk&m;ocif tcsed üf om;i,f&adS eaomae&mü ajy;oGm;í vnfyif;udk ykdufzuf
avmuDom;udk azmfjyí odapcJhygonf/ (vk?15; Mu;D pGmaom tpmacgif;yg;jcif;jzpf vsuf erf;½Iyfygonf/ zcifonf
cspfawmfrlaombk&m; 11-24) zcifwpfOD;ü om;ESpf í olonf tvGefqif;&Jjcif;odkY om;jyefvmonfudk ta0;u jrif
]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf a,muf&o dS nf/ om;i,fonf tz a&mufojzihf tpm;pm;&zk&Yd ef&&m onfudk axmuf½Iaomf om;jyef
udk ,HkMunfaomoltaygif;wkdY vmrnfhtcsdefudk aeYpOf ajrmfvifh
onf ysufpD;jcif;okdY ra&muf/ apmifhpm;aeaMumif; od&SdEkdifyg
xm0&touf u d k &apjcif ; iS m ? onf/ þae&mwGif om;orD;wkdY
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdü wpfyg; tay:ü xm;aom zcif\arwåm
wnf ; aom om;awmf u d k pG e f Y udk odEidk yf gonf/ zcifonf aemif
awmfrlonfhwkdifatmifavmuD wESifhjyefvmaomom;udk ayGYzuf
om;wk d Y u d k cspf a wmf r l \ }} vsuf BudKqdkonfomru jrwf
(a,m 3;16)/ aom0wfvu kH kd jcKH apvsuf vufpyG f
bk&m;ocifon u f REyfk w
f Ydk wefqmudkvnf; qifjref;vsuf?
ta,mufpDwkdif;udk rdrdü&Sdaom qljzdK;aom EGm;uav;udkvnf;
wpfyg;wnf;aom om;awmfudk owfNy;D rS aysmaf rGjY cif;udk jyKygonf/
pGefYawmfrlonfhwkdifatmif cspf ]]igwkdYonf tjypf&SdpOf
awmfrlygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf yif ? c&pf a wmf o nf igwk d Y t
xkdokdYaom arwåmESifh uREkfyfwkdYudk xHoYdk oGm;í tarGOpömudak y;zk&Yd ef tvkyu f kd &Smí vkyo
f nft
h cg 0uf wG u f a Mumif h taocH a wmf r l
cspfaMumif;? u,fwifawmfrlrnfh awmif;ygonf/ tarGonf zcif ausmif;aomtvkyfudk&í vkyf onf j zpf í bk & m;ocif o nf
taMumif;udk or®musrf;pmtm; u ay;rS? &xkdufrS &tyfaomt ukdifygonf/ om;i,fonf 0uf igwk d Y u d k tb,f r Qavmuf c spf
jzifh od&Sd&ygonf/ a,&I ighudkcspf &mjzpfaomfvnf; om;i,fu tz rsm;udk ausmif;aepOf tpm;qif; awmfrlonfudk igwkdYtm; xif
ay\/ usrf;pmtm;jzifh od&\[l ray;rSD awmif;,lygonf/ tz &Jojzihf 0ufpm;aom yJawmifhudk &S m ;pG m jyawmf r l \ }}
aom pum;jzifph yfqx dk m;aomoD onf om;i,f\qE´twkid ;f Opöm yif pm;csifrwwf jzpfcJh&ygonf/ (a&mr? 5;8)/
csif;udk uav;b0 Oykofpmajz rsm;udka0í om;wkdY tm;ay;yg xkdokdY'ku©a&mufcsdefü om;i,f aemifwESifh jyefvmaom
oifwef;ü uREkfyfwkdY oDqkdcJhMuyg onf/ om;i,fonf rdrd&aom onftz\tdrfü tapcHrsm;yif om;udk axG;ayGYMudKqkdvsuf om;
onf/ Opömrsm;udk,ljyD;vQif a0;pGmaom 0pGm pm;&onfudk jyefíowd&yg \tcGifht&mrsm;ESifh cHpm;cGihfukd
jynfoYdk xGuo
f mG ;ygonf/ om;i,f onf/ om;i,fonf xdktcsdef jyefí ay;jcif;rSm qkd;aomom;

page 15
cHpm;xkdufaomt&m r[kwfyg/ oufr&Sifapvkdyg/ avmuü ol aom bk&m;ocifay;onfh0dnmOf Zl;awmfrsm;udk od&jdS y;D cHpm;apzk&Yd ef
rcHpm;xku d af omt&mudk cHpm;ap a|;ol<u,fwpfO;D \om;orD;rsm; a&;&mu@ü Nidrfoufjcif;? 0rf; wpfyg;wnf;aomom;awmfa,½I
jcif;rSm aus;Zl;jyKjcif;jzpfygonf/ udk Munfyh gu 0wfpm;qif,Of ae ajrmufjcif;ESifh <u,f0aeMuzkdY&ef c&pfudk avmuokdY apvTwfí
,aeY uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; bk&m; xkdifrIüf EHkjcmcsKdUwJhjcif;r&Sd? vlYt omvGeí f ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ q&m uREkfyfwkdYtjypftwGuf um;wkdif
ocifa&SUawmfü tm;enf;aom jrifüwifhw,fjyD; vkdavao;r&Sd wpfyg;u a0iSonfrmS vltcsKUd wkYd xufwGif taocHapjyD; oHk;&uf
ol? pHkvifjcif;r&Sdaomolrsm; jzpf jynfph MkH uonf/ okjYd zpfygu aumif; onf vlwkdYa&SUü vlrsm;tm;us ajrmuf a omaeY w G i f &S i f j yef x
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odkhcspfawmfrlaomaMumifh uREkfyf bk&m;ocif\EIwaf wmfxu G pf um;
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xkdYaemuf tjypfvTwfjcif;aus;Zl; ygu bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS ,ck
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jzifhtoufESihfjynhfpHkapjcif;iSm pm;qif;&J? taeqif;&JjzpfaeMuzkYd aeaom ZD;½k;d toufwmü &Sad eMu rmwdum Page
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MARK 11:22 Aye Aye Than @ Ma Nge
(95-1) 538437
008,Bayintnaung Tower (95-9) 5018586
r oufaocHcsufrsm; 9,13
Kamayut Township SUN CLOSED
Yangon, Myanmar E-mail : [email protected]
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