Answer ALL the questions.

Total marks for this paper is 200.

Question 2
By showing all steps, simplify the following using the laws of indices. At each step, write
down the law applied.
(a)
32 ×91 /2 ÷ 27−4 / 3
Step Law applied
3 ×(32)1 /2 ÷¿
2

32 ×31 ÷3−4
2 1−(−4)
3 ×3
32 ×35
32 +5
37
(b)
√64 2 × 4 ÷ 1
( √ 256 )
2/3
8 128
Step Law applied
1 /2
( 642 ) 1
×4÷ ×256 1/ 2
8 2/ 3
128
641 1
3 2/ 3
× 4 ÷ 7 ×(28 )1/ 2
(2 ) 2
6
2 1
3 2/ 3
×22 ÷ 7 ×(28 )1/2
(2 ) 2

26 2 1 4
2
×2 ÷ 7 × 2
2 2

26 2 −7 4
×2 ÷2 × 2
22

26 2−(−7) 4
×2 ×2
22

26 9 4
×2 ×2
22
26−2 ×29 ×24
24 ×2 9 × 24
24 +9+ 4
 217
(c)
3
( 2 x y 2 ) × 3 x −2 y
3 x 3 y × 2 y 6 x−2
Step Law applied
23 x 3 y6 ×3 x−2 y
3 x 3 y ×2 y 6 x −2
23 x 3−3 y 6 −1 ×3 x−2−(−2 ) y 1−6
3 ×2
2 x y ×3 x 0 y−5
3 0 5

3× 2
2 ×1 y 5+(−5) ×3 ×1
3

3 ×2
2 ×1 y 0 ×3 ×1
3

3×2
8 ×1× 1× 3 ×1
3× 2
24
=4
6
(d)
2 x 4 y × 4−1 x 3 y −2 ÷ 8 x 7 y
Step Law applied
2 x 4 y ×(22)−1 x 3 y −2 ÷ 23 x 7 y

2 x 4 y ×2−2 x 3 y−2 ÷ 23 x 7 y

2 x 4 y ×2−2−3 x 3−7 y −2−1

2 x 4 y ×2−5 x−4 y −3
1+(−5) 4+(−4 ) 1+(−3)
2 x y
2− 4 x 0 y−2
2− 4 y −2
(e)
y

( 4 x−2 +

3x y
)(
1/ 2
√3 x 3/ 2 × −2 x3 ÷ x2 y )
Step Law applied
y
3
(x )
2
1
3
×( 4 x−2+
x
3 x−2 y 3
÷
2y )(
x1 /2
)
 1 −1
4 x −2 + y x−1 ( )
x2× ( 3 x −2 y 3 ) ÷ x 2
2 y −1
1 −1
4 x −2 ( )
2
x × ( )
3
÷ x 2 2 y−1

Question 3
(a) Let A, B, C and D be matrices defined by
3 0 1 5 2 3 −1
( ) (
A= −1 2 , B= −1 1 0 , C= 2 1 , D= 4 −1
1 1 −4 1 3 4 3
2 0 ) ( ) ( )
Which of the matrices are defined and compute the matrices which are defined? If
not defined, explain why.
A+ B , B+ A , AB , BA , A T A , CD , DC , D 2
2 A−C ,

A + B: Not defined. The formation of matrix A is 3x2 and the formation of matrix B is 3x3.
Addition and subtraction of matrices are only possible when the matrices are of same
formation.

B + A: Not defined. The formation of matrix B is 3x3 and the formation of matrix A is 3x2.
Addition and subtraction of matrices are only possible when the matrices are of same
formation

AB: Not defined. Multiplication is possible when number of columns of first matrix is equal
to number of columns of second matrix.

BA: Defined. The computation is below:

1 5 2 3 0
(
B= −1 1 0 A= −1 2
−4 1 3 1 1 ) ( )
BA=¿

0 12
(
BA= −4 2
−10 5 )
AT A :
 3 0
AT = 3 −1 1 A= −1 2
(
0 2 1
1 1
) ( )
Multiplication of AT A is possible and defined. Computation is below:

AT A=¿ ¿

AT A= 11 −1( )
−1 5

CD: Defined. The computation is below:

3 −1

4 3( )
C= 2 1 , D= 4 −1
2 0 ( )
( 3 ×4 ) +((−1)× 2) ( 3× (−1 ) ) +((−1)× 0)

(
CD= (2 × 4 )+(1× 2)
( 4 × 4 ) +(3 × 2)
( 2 × (−1 ) ) +(1 ×0)
)
( 4 × (−1 ) ) +(3 × 0)

10 −3
( )
CD= 10 −2
22 −4

DC: Not defined. Multiplication is possible when number of columns of first matrix is equal
to number of columns of second matrix.

D2: Defined. The computation is below:

D= ( 42 −10 )
D=
2
(42 −10 ) ×( 42 −1
0 )
D2=¿

D=
2
(148 −4
−2 )
2A-C: Defined. The computation is below:
 3 0 3 −1
( ) ( )
A= −1 2 ,C= 2 1
1 1 4 3

3 0
( )
2 A=2 −1 2
1 1

6 0
( )
2 A= −2 4
2 2

6 0 3 −1
( )( )
2 A−C= −2 4 − 2 1
2 2 4 3

3 −1
( )
2 A−C= −4 3
−2 −1

(b) If A=( ac db ) , prove that A − ( a+d ) A +( ad−bc) I =0

2
2

−1 0 1 .
(c) Let A=(
0 1 1)
Show that if B is a 3 ×2 matrix, such that AB=I then
2

a b
(
B= −a−1 1−b
a+ 1 b )
(d) Find the value of k such that
1 2 k
|
| A|= 3 −1 1 =0
5 3 −5 |
Question 4
(a) Evaluate the determinant of the following matrix using the cross-multiplication
method.
1 2 3
(
P= 4 5 6
8 8 9 )
 1 2 3 1 2
(
¿ P∨¿ 4 5 6 4 5
8 8 9 8 8 )( )
|P|=¿
|P|=(237−240)
|P|=−3

(b) For the matrix

1 0 −2
Q= 3 1 4
(
5 2 −3 )
compute,
(i) the minor matrix;

Q 11=|12 4
−3 |
=( 1 ) × (−3 )− ( 2 ) × ( 4 )=−11

Q 12=|3 4 =( 3 ) × (−3 )− (5 ) × ( 4 )=−2 9

5 −3|
3 1
Q 13=|
2|
=( 3 ) × ( 2 )−( 5 ) × ( 1 )=1
5

Q 21=|0
−3|
−2 =( 0 ) × (−3 )−( 2 ) × (−2 )=4
2
1
Q 22=|
−3|
−2
=( 1 ) × (−3 )−( 5 ) × (−2 )=7
5

Q 23=|1 0 =( 1 ) × ( 2 )−( 5 ) × ( 0 )=2

5 2|
0
Q 31=|
4|
−2
=( 0 ) × ( 4 )− (1 ) × (−2 )=2
1

Q 32=|1
4|
−2 =( 1 ) × ( 4 )−( 3 ) × (−2 )=10
3
1 0
Q 33=|
1|
=( 1 ) × ( 1 )−( 3 ) × ( 0 )=1
3
−11 −2 9 1
Minor Q= 4
2
7
10 1(
2
)
(ii) the cofactor matrix;
 −11 2 9 1
Cofactor Q= −4 7
(
2 −10 1
−2
)
(iii) the adjoin matrix;
−11 −4 2
AdjoinQ= 29
(
7 −10
1 −2 1 )
(iv) the determinant;

|Q|=1 1 |2 −34 |−0|35 −34 |−2|35 12|

|Q|=1(−3−8)−0(−9−20)−2(6−5)
|Q|=1(−11)−0(−29)−2(1)
|Q|=−11+0−2
|Q|=−13

(v) inverse matrix.

1
Q−1= × AdjoinQ
|Q|
−11 −4 2
−1
Q =
1
−13
× 29
1 (
7 −10
−2 1 )
0.85 0.31 −0.15
−1
Q =
1
−13 (
× −2.23 −0.54 0.77
−0.08 0.15 −0.08 )

Question 5
Consider the system of linear equations
−¿ 2 x +¿ 3 y −¿ z ¿ 1
x +¿ 2 y −¿ z ¿ 4
−¿ 2 x −¿ y +¿ z ¿ −3

(a) Write down the system in matrix form.

−2 3 −1 x 1
(1 2 −1
2 1 1
× y 4
z −3 ) ( )( )
−2 3 −1 x 1
(
2 1 1 ) () ( )
Where A= 1 2 −1 , x= y ∧b= 4
z −3
(b) Use the inverse matrix method to solve the system

Step-1 finding determinant

| A|=−2 2 −1 −3 1 −1 −1 1 2
|1 1 | |2 1 | |2 1|
| A|=−2(3)−3 ( 3 )−1(−3)
| A|=−6−9+3
| A|=−12
Step-2 finding minor matrix

A 11=|21 −11 |=3

A 12=|1 −1|=3
2 1
1 2
A 13=|
2 1|
=−3

A 21=|3 −1|=4
1 1

A 22=|
1|
−2 −1
=0
2

A 23=|−2 3|=−8
2 1
3 −1
A 31=|
2 −1|
=−1
A 32=|−21 −1
−1|
=3

A 33=|−2 3|=−7
1 2
3 3 −3
(
Minor A= 4 0 −8
−1 3 −7 )
Step-3 finding cofactor
3 −3 −3
Cofactor A= −4 0 8
−1 −3 −7 ( )
Step-4 finding adjoin
3 −4 −1
(
Adjoint A= −3 0 −3
−3 8 −7 )
Step-5 finding inverse
3 −4 −1
A−1=
1
−12
× −3 0 −3
−3 8 −7 ( )
−1 1 1

( )
4 3 12
1 1
0
4 4
1 −2 7
4 3 12

Step-6 Solve

−1 1 1

( )
4 3 12
x 1 0.83
()
y =
z
4
1

1 −2
0
1
4
7
( )( )
4 = −0.50
−3 −4.17
4 3 12

(c) Confirm your answer to part (b) using the Cramer’s rule.

Finding determinant of A1 , A 2∧ A3
 1 3 −1 −2 1 −1 −2 3 −1
(
A1= 4 2 −1 A 2= 1
−3 1 1 ) (A
4 −1 3
2 −3 1
= 1 2 4
2 1 −3 ) ( )
¿ A1∨¿ 1 |21 −11 |−4|31 −11 |−3|32 −11 |
¿ A1∨¿ 1 ( 2× 1−1 ×−1 )−4 ( 3 ×1−1 ×−1 )−3 ¿
¿ A1∨¿−10

¿ A2∨¿−2 |−34 −11 |−1|−31 −11 |+2|14 −1

−1|
¿ A2∨¿−2 ( 4 ×1−(−3 ) ×−1 ) −1 ( 1×1−(−3 ) ×−1 ) +2(1 ×−1−4 ×−1)
¿ A2∨¿ 6

¿ A3∨¿−2 |21 −34 |−1|31 −1

−3|+2|
3 −1
2 4|
¿ A3∨¿−2 ( 2×−3−1 × 4 )−1 ( 3 ×−3−1×−1 ) +2(3 × 4−2 ×−1)
¿ A3∨¿56

Obtain the value of x, y and z.

x=¿ A1∨ ¿ ¿
−10
¿ A∨¿= =0.83 ¿
−12
y=¿ A 2∨ ¿ ¿
−6
¿ A∨¿= =−0.50¿
−12
z=¿ A3 ∨ ¿ ¿
−56
¿ A∨¿= =−4.67 ¿
−12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Question 6
Consider the functions defined by
f ( x )=x 2−4 x−21,

3
g ( x )= and
x −2
h ( x )=√ x+ 4
(a) Find f (−2)
 f ( x )=x 2−4 x−21
f (−2 ) ¿ (−2 )2−4 (−2 )−21
¿ 4 +8−21
¿−9

(b) Express f (x) in the form f ( x )=( x + p )2 +q , where p and q are integers.
f ( x )=x 2−4 x−2 1

(c) Use your answer in part (b), or otherwise, to write down the domain, denoted by
dom f ,and range of f , denoted by ranf .

(d) Find the domain and range of the functions g and h .

3
g ( x )=
x −2
dom g=x € R , x ≠ 2
ran g ( x )= y
3
y=
x−2
xy−2 y=3
3+2 y
x=
y
ran g ( x )= y € R , y ≠ 0

h ( x )=√ x+ 4
dom h=x € R , x ≥−4
ran h ( x )= y
y= √ x +4
√ x=√ 4− y
x= y 2 +4
ran h ( x )= y € R , y ≥ 0

(e) Find ¿(x ) and simplify your answer.

3
¿ ( x )=
g−2
 3
¿ ( x )=
3
−2
x−2
3
¿ ( x )=
3−2
x−2
3
¿ ( x )=
1
x−2
¿ ( x )=3(x−2)
¿ ( x )=3 x−6

(f) Sketch the graphs of f ( x ) , g ( x) and h ( x ) . Clearly label the points where the graphs
cut the x-axis, y-axis and the turning point (if any) on your diagram.

f ( x )=x 2−4 x−2 1

x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
f (x) 4 11 0 -9 -16 -21 -24 -25 -24 -21 -16 -9 0 11 24
y

20

15

10

(3,0) x
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25
(2,-25)

3
g ( x )=
x −2
 y
14

12

10

x
-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

-2 (Turning point is when X value is 2.)

(0,-1.5) (The graph never cuts through neither x-axis nor y-axis
-4 in any other point.)

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3. 3. 3.
h ( x )=√ x+ 4 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 0 2 3 3.5

The graph neither cuts through x-axis, nor have a turning point.
5

(0,2)
2

x
-4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

Question 7
Points A(-1, -2), B(7, 2) and C(k, 4), where k is a constant, are the vertices of a triangle
ABC. The gradient of the line joining BC is -2.
 (a) Calculate the value of k.
y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1
4−2
−2=
k−7
−2 k +14=2
−2 k =2−14
12
k= =6
2

(b) Find the gradient of AB.

2−(−2)
m=
7−(−1)
4
m=
8
m=0.5

(c) Show that ∠ ABC=90 0.

Two lines are perpendicular when the product of gradients of two lines is−1. The angle of perpendicular lines
Gradient of AB=0.5
Gradient of BC =−2
m1 × m2=0.5×−2=−1

(d) Find an equation l 1 of the line joining AB.

y=mx+c
2=0.5 ( 7 )+ c
2=3.5+ c
c=−1.5
y=0.5 x−1.5

(e) Find an equation l 2 of the line joining BC

2=−2× 7+c
2=−14+c
c=16
y=−2 x +16
(f) Find the exact area of the triangle ABC.
Question 8
(a) Find an equation of a line that passes through the point (1 , 3) and is parallel to
y=3 x +4.
Gradients of parallel lines are equal. Therefore, gradient of the line is 3.
Finding constant .
3=3× 1+c
c=3−3=0
Therefore , equation of line is y=3 x
(b) Consider the graph below
y

Q(0, 6)

P(1 , 4)

x
R O(0 , 0)

(i) Find the gradient of PQ.

6−4 −2
m= = =−2
0−1 1
(ii) Find the equation of OP.
y=mx+c
4−0 4
m= = =4
1−0 1
using point p , finding c
4=4 ×1+ c
c=4−4=0
Equation for OP is y=4 x

(iii) Find the x-intercept of QP.

first , finding the constant by taking point Q
6=−2 ×0+C
C=6
equation of point QP is y=−2 x +6
x−intercept
when y=0
 0=−2 x+6
6
x= =3
2
x−interce pt (3 , 0)
(iv) Find the equation QR if QR is parallel to OP.

gradient of OP=gradient of QR
cordinates of point R
0−6
4=
x 2−0
4 x2 −0=0−6
4 x2 −0=0−6
−6
x 2= =−1.5
4
The cordinates of point R is(−1.5 , 0)
finding constant of point R
0=4 ×−1.5+c
c=6
Equation of the line QR is y=4 x+ 6

Question 9
Long Life is a group of companies specialized in the production of alkaline batteries. The
following information is extracted from the company for the year 2008.
Cost of rent $25000
Cost of materials per unit $1.25
Cost of labour per unit $0.25
Other variable costs per unit $0.5
Selling price per unit $5

Let q be the quantity produced.

(a) Obtain the cost function in terms of q .
Total cost=1.25 q+0.25 q +0.5 q+2500 0
Total cost=2 q+2500 0

(b) The cost of producing 15000 units.

q=15000
Total cost=2× 15000+2500 0
Total cost=55000
 (c) What is the revenue function?Total revenue=5 q

(d) Find the break-even point.

5 q−( 2 q+25000 ) =0
3 q=25000
25000
q= =8333
3
Break−even sales is 8333 ×5 $=41667
Break −even point is(8333 , 41667)
(e) Sketch the revenue function and cost function on the same set of axes and clearly label
the break even point, the region in which the business is gaining profit and the region in
which the business is suffering loss.
Q9.e
$
115000 Total Revenue
110000
Total Cost
105000

100000

95000

90000

85000

80000

75000 Profit

70000

65000

60000
55000

50000

45000
40000 Break-even point
35000

30000

25000

20000 Loss

15000

10000
5000
quantity
5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000

In 2009, it costs the Long life company $234 for the production of 26 units and $1404 for
producing 156 units. The company realizes that the cost is following a linear trend and would
like to derive a mathematical formula relating cost and number units produced.

(f) Derive the linear relation for the year 2009.

1404−234
Trend= =9
156−26
Find ¿ cost considering the output level 26 unit
234=9 ×26 + FC
 FC =234−234=0
Linear relation isCost =9 q
(g) Predict the cost of producing 75000 units under this trend.
Cost of producing 75000 would be :

75000 ×9=$ 675000

Question 10
(a) Factorize the expression completely
2 x3 −7 x2 −15 x
2 x3 −10 x 2 +3 x 2−15 x
2 x ( x 2−5 x ) +3( x 2−5 x)
( 2 x+3 ) ( x2 −5 x )
(b) Solve the equation using the factor method
6 x 2+ 7 x−3=0
6 x 2+ 9 x−2 x−3=0
3 x ( 2 x+ 3 )−1 ( 2 x +3 ) =0
( 3 x−1 ) ( 2 x +3 )=0
3 x=1∨2 x=−3
1 −3
x= ∨x=
3 2
(c) Sketch the graphs with equations
y=x 2−6 x +9 and y=2 x−1
on the same set of axes and find the coordinates of the intersection point(s).
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y=x 2−6 x +9 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y=2 x−1 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11
 y
13

12

11

10

-1
2x
8

y=

+9
7

²-6x
6

y=x
5

x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-1

Intersection points:
2 x−1=x 2−6 x +9
2 x−1−x 2 +6 x−9=0
−x 2+ 8 x−10=0
1 2
− x + 4 x−5=0
2

x=
√
−4 ± 4 2 +4 × ( −12 ) × (−5 )
1
2 ×−
2
−4 ± √ 16+10
x=
1
−4 ± √ 16+10
x=
1
x=1.55∨x=6.45
Substitute with equation:
y=2 x−1
when x is 1.5 5
y=2×1.55−1
y=2.1

when x is 1.6.45
 y=2× 6.45−1
y=11.90

¿ points are ( 1.55 ,2.10 ) ∧(6.45 , 11.90)

(d) Find the quantity for which the cost , C ( x ) ,is minimized and hence find the
minimum cost. Also sketch the cost function.
C ( x )=x 2−150 x +6125

x 2−150 x+ 6125
−b
Minimum cost quantity x is=
2a
−(−150)
¿ =75
2( 1)
Minimum cost is=752−150 ×75+ 6125
Minimum cost is=500
 y

3000

2500

+6125
2000

x
x²-150
1500

1000

500

x
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

Question 11
(a) Simplify the following without using a calculator.
log 2 5 2+ log 2 32 −log 2 100
log 2 15−log 2 10

(b) Find x if
log x 125=3

x 3=125
x=√3 125
x=5
 (c) Solve for x
5 x+5 +4=1252 x +16 1/ 2
(d) Solve the equation
log 3 5 x=log 3 ( x+2 )+1
(e) Solve the equation
6 × 4 x −7 ×2 x + 2=0
(f) Express the expression in terms of log a P and log a Q

P2 Q
log a
a ( )+log P ( aQ )
2

(g) Express the expression as a single logarithm in base b.

1 1
log b 12−
( 2
log 9+ log b 8
b 3 )

Question 12
(a) Azeeza wants to save money to buy a motor cycle for her son. She
wants the $10000 cycle in 5 years. The bank is offering 3% interest on
savings compounded annually. What amount of money will she need to
invest now in order to have the cycle in 5 years?

nk
r
( )
S=P 1+
k
5 ×1
0.03
10000=P 1+ ( 1 )
10000=P ( 1.03 )5
10000=P 1.159274
P=10000 ÷ 1.159274
P=$ 8626.09

(b) An investment of $100 pays 7.50 percent compounded quarterly. The

money is left in the account for 15 years. How much money is in the
bank after 15 years?
p = $100
r = 7.50%
n = 15
 k=4
S =?
15 ×4
0.075
(
S=100 1+
4 )
S=100× ( 1.01875 )60
S=100× 3.048297
S=$ 304.8 3

(c) The initial population of a group of animals is 20000. Due to some

disease, the animals die out at a rate of 3% per day. What is the
population of the animals in 20 days time? How long does it take for
the population to decrease half of its initial size?

P=P 0 e−rt
i)
P=20000 e−0.03 × 20
P=20000 e−0.6
P=10976 animals after 20 days

ii)
10000=20000 e−0.03 × t
10000 −0.03 t
=e
20000
1 −0.03 t
=e
2
1
log e =−0.03t
2
1
ln =−0.03 t
2
¿ 0.5
t= =¿23
−0.03

(d) The price of an acre of land increases according to an exponential

growth model. The price in 2005 was $35000 per acre and the price in
2010 is $64000. What is the growth rate in percentage? How much will
it be the price in 2020?
 P0=35000
P=64000
n=5
r =?
P=P 0 e rn
64000=35000 e5 r
1.828571=e5 r
log e 1.828571=5 r
ln 1.828571=5 r
ln 1.828571
r=
5
r =0.12=12 %

Price∈2020
P=64000 e5 x0.12
P=64000 e0.60
P=116616

END OF QUESTIONS