Nature and Scope of Operations Management

Nature and Scope of Operations
Management
Operations management is often used along with production management in literature on
the subject. It is therefore, useful to understand the nature of operations management
.Operations management is understood as the process whereby resources or inputs are
converted into more useful products .A second reading of the sentence reveals that, there
is hardly any difference between the terms produ7ction management and operations
management .But, there are a least two points of distinction between production
management and operations management .First, the term production management is more
used for a system where tangible goods are produced .Whereas ,operations management
is more frequently used where various inputs are transformed into tangible services
.Viewed from this perspective, operations management will cover such services
organization as banks ,airlines ,utilities ,pollution control agencies super bazaars,
educational institutions ,libraries ,consultancy firm and police departments, in addition ,of
course ,to manufacturing enterprises. The second distinction relates to the evolution of
the subject. Operation management is the term that is used now a days .Production
management precedes operations management in the historical growth of the subject
The two distinctions not withstanding, the terms production management and operations
management are used interchargeably .
Scope of Production and Operation Management
The scope of production and operations management is indeed vast .Commencing with
the selection of location production management covers such activities as acquisition of
land, constructing building ,procuring and installing machinery ,purchasing and storing
raw material and converting them into saleable products.
Added to the above are other related topics such as quality management ,maintenance
management ,production planning and control, methods improvement and work
simplification and other related areas.
Evolution of Production Function
In order to trace the evolution of production function, we identify six historical

developments :the Industrial Revolution ,scientific management , the human relations
movement ,operations research, computers and advanced production technology and the
service revolution A brief explanation of each stage follows.
The industrial Revolution
Since times ancient production systems were used in oe form or another. The Egyptian
Pyramids, the Greek Parthenon, the Great Wall o0f China and the aquaducts and the
roads of the Roman Empire , dams and anicuts built by the Chola kings attest to the
ingenuity and industry of the people of ancient times But the ways the people in the
ancient days produced goods were different from the production methods of today.
Production systems prior to the 1700s are often referred to as the cottage system, because
the production of goods took place in homes or cottages ,where craftsman directed
apprentices in performing hand work on, products.
From 1770 to the early 1800s series of events took p[lace in England which together are
called the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution resulted in two major
developments: widespread substitution of machine power for human power and
establishment of the factory system.
The events that took p[lace from 1770 to the 1800s are characterized by great inventions.
The great inventions were eight in number ,with six of them having been conceived in
England, one in France and one in the United States .The eight inventions are—
Hargreaves Spinning Jenny, Arkwright’s Water Frame, Crompton’s Mule, Cartwright’s
Power Loom, Watt’s steamengine, Berthollet’s Chlorine Bleaching
Discovery.Mandslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe and Eli Whitney’s Interchangeable
Manufacture.
As observed from eight inventions ,most of them have to do with the spinning of yarn
and weaving of cloth .This is logical from the point o view that cloth was the principal
export commodity of England at that time and was in short supply owi8ng to the
considerable expansion of England’s colonial empire and its commercial trade.
The availability of machine power greatly facilitated the gathering of workers in factories
that housed the machines .The large number of workers congregated in the factories
,created the need for organizing them in logical ways to produce goods. The publication
of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 advocated the benefits of the division of
labor or specialization of labor ,which broke production of goods into small specialized
tasks that were assigned to workers on production lines.
Thus, the factories of late 1700s not only had developed production machinery ,but also
ways of planning and controlling the output of workers
The impact of the Industrial Revolution was first felt in England .From here, it spread to
other European countries and to the United states.
The Industrial Revolution advanced further with the development of the gasoline engine
and electricity in the 1800s.Other industries emerged and along with them new factories
came into being.By the middle of 1800s. the old cottage system of production had been
laced by the factory system .As days went by, production capacities expanded ,demand
for capital grew and labor became highly dependant on jobs and urdanised. At the
commencement of the 20 th century ,the one element that was missing was a
management –the ability to develop and use the existing facilities to produce on a large
scale to meet massive markets of today.

Nature and Scope of Operations Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nature and Scope of Operations Management

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nature and Scope of Operations Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nature and Scope of Operations

Scope of Production and Operation Management

Evolution of Production Function

In order to trace the evolution of production function, we identify six historical

The industrial Revolution

You might also like