Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 37 views

    Alexander CH 01 Final R1

    Uploaded by

    utp

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Alexander CH 01 Final R1

    Uploaded by

    utp
    37 views15 pages

    Original Title

    AlexanderCh01finalR1

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    37 views15 pages

    Alexander CH 01 Final R1

    Uploaded by

    utp

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    EE2003

    Circuit Theory
    Chapter 1
    Basic Concepts

    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    1
    Basic Concepts - Chapter 1

    1.1 Systems of Units.


    1.2 Electric Charge.
    1.3 Current.
    1.4 Voltage.
    1.5 Power and Energy.
    1.6 Circuit Elements.
    2
    1.1 System of Units (1)
    Six basic units
    Quantity Basic unit Symbol
    Length meter m
    Mass kilogram Kg
    Time second s
    Electric current ampere A
    Thermodynamic kelvin K
    temperature
    Luminous intensity candela cd
    3
    1.1 System of Units (2)
    The derived units commonly used in electric circuit theory

    Decimal multiples and


    submultiples of SI units 4
    1.2 Electric Charges

    • Charge is an electrical property of the atomic


    particles of which matter consists, measured in
    coulombs (C).

    • The charge e on one electron is negative and


    equal in magnitude to 1.602  10-19 C which is
    called as electronic charge. The charges that
    occur in nature are integral multiples of the
    electronic charge.
    5
    1.3 Current (1)

    • Electric current i = dq/dt. The unit of


    ampere can be derived as 1 A = 1C/s.
    • A direct current (dc) is a current that
    remains constant with time.
    • An alternating current (ac) is a current
    that varies sinusoidally with time.
    (reverse direction)

    6
    1.3 Current (2)

    • The direction of current flow

    Positive ions Negative ions

    7
    1.3 Current (3)
    Example 1

    A conductor has a constant current of


    5 A.

    How many electrons pass a fixed point


    on the conductor in one minute?

    8
    1.3 Current (4)
    Solution

    Total no. of charges pass in 1 min is given by


    5 A = (5 C/s)(60 s/min) = 300 C/min

    Total no. of electronics pass in 1 min is given

    300 C/min
    19
     1.87 x10 21
    electrons/min
    1.602 x10 C/electron

    9
    1.4 Voltage (1)
    • Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy
    required to move a unit charge through an element,
    measured in volts (V).

    • Mathematically, (volt)
    vab  dw / dq
    – w is energy in joules (J) and q is charge in coulomb (C).

    • Electric voltage, vab, is always across the circuit


    element or between two points in a circuit.
    – vab > 0 means the potential of a is higher than potential of b.
    – vab < 0 means the potential of a is lower than potential of
    b.
    10
    1.5 Power and Energy (1)
    • Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing
    energy, measured in watts (W).
    dw dw dq
    • Mathematical expression: p     vi
    dt dq dt
    i i

    + +

    v v

    – –
    Passive sign convention
    P = +vi p = –vi
    absorbing power supplying power
    11
    1.5 Power and Energy (2)

    • The law of conservation of energy

    p0
    • Energy is the capacity to do work, measured
    in joules (J).
    t t
    • Mathematical expression w   pdt   vidt
    t0 t0

    12
    1.6 Circuit Elements (1)
    Active Elements Passive Elements

    • A dependent source is an active


    element in which the source quantity
    is controlled by another voltage or
    current.

    • They have four different types: VCVS,


    CCVS, VCCS, CCCS. Keep in minds the
    Independent Dependant signs of dependent sources.
    sources sources 13
    1.6 Circuit Elements (2)
    Example 2

    Obtain the voltage v in the branch shown in Figure 2.1.1P for i2 = 1A.

    Figure 2.1.1P

    14
    1.6 Circuit Elements (3)

    Solution

    Voltage v is the sum of the current-independent


    10-V source and the current-dependent voltage
    source vx.

    Note that the factor 15 multiplying the control


    current carries the units Ω.

    Therefore, v = 10 + vx = 10 + 15(1) = 25 V

    15

    You might also like