Algebraic Equations PDF

Tipuri de
ecuatii
Florentin Gancea
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11/10/2015
Contents
Tipuri de ecuatii ............................................................................................................................5
Algebraic Equations ......................................................................................................................5
Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations .......................................................................................5
Ecuatii diferentiale ........................................................................................................................6
1. First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations ..........................................................................6
2. Second-Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ..................................................................8
2.1. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving Power Functions ...................................................8
2.2. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving Exponential and Other Functions ..........................9
2.3. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving Arbitrary Functions, f = f(x) ................................. 10
3. Second-Order Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations .......................................................... 10
3.1. Ordinary Differential Equations of the Form ....................................................................... 10
y = f(x, y).................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2. Ordinary Differential Equations of the Form ....................................................................... 11
f(x, y)y = g(x, y, y) .................................................................................................................... 11
4. Higher-Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ......................................................... 12
5. Higher-Order Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation ..................................................... 13
1. Linear Systems of Two Ordinary Differential Equations.............................................................. 14
1.1. Systems of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; ...................................................... 14
x = x(t), y = y(t) .......................................................................................................................... 14
1.2. Systems of Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t) ......................... 14
2.Linear Systems of Three or More Ordinary Differential Equations;.......................................... 15
x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t) .............................................................................................................. 15
3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Ordinary Differential Equations ........................................................ 15
3.1. Systems of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t) .............................. 15
3.2. Systems of Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t) ......................... 16
4. Nonlinear Systems of Three or More Ordinary Differential Equations ........................................ 17
4.1. Systems of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t) .................. 17
4.2. Systems of Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t) ............. 17
Ecuatii cu derivate partiale ............................................................................................................ 18
1. First-Order Linear Partial Differential Equations ........................................................................ 18
1.1. Equations of the Form f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = 0 .................................................................... 18
1.2. Equations of the Form ........................................................................................................ 18
f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y) ....................................................................................................... 18
1

f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y)w + r(x, y)........................................................................................ 19
2. First-Order Quasilinear Partial Differential Equations ................................................................ 19
f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y, w) .................................................................................................. 19
wx + f(x, y, w)wy = 0 ................................................................................................................... 20
wx + f(x, y, w)wy = g(x, y, w) ....................................................................................................... 20
3. First-Order Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ................................................................... 21
3.1. Equations Quadratic in One Derivative ............................................................................... 21
3.2. Equations Quadratic in Two Derivatives .............................................................................. 21
3.3. Equations with Arbitrary Nonlinearities in Derivatives ........................................................ 22
1. Linear Parabolic Equations .................................................................................................... 23
2. Linear Hyperbolic Equations.................................................................................................. 23
3. Linear Elliptic Equations ........................................................................................................ 24
4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential Equations .............................................................. 24
5. Fourth-Order Partial Differential Equations ......................................................................... 24
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics .................................................. 25
1. Nonlinear Parabolic Equations ................................................................................................... 25
1.1. Nonlinear Heat Equations with a Source of the Form wt = wxx + f(w) ................................... 25
1.2. Nonlinear Heat Equations of the Form ................................................................................ 25
wt = [f(w)wx]x + g(w) .................................................................................................................. 25
1.3. Other Nonlinear Parabolic Equations .................................................................................. 26
1.4. Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations........................................................................................ 26
2. Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations ................................................................................................ 26
2.1. Nonlinear Wave Equations of the Form .............................................................................. 26
wtt = awxx + f(w)......................................................................................................................... 26
2.2. Other Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations................................................................................ 27
3. Nonlinear Elliptic Equations ....................................................................................................... 27
3.1. Nonlinear Heat Equations of the Form ................................................................................ 27
wxx + wyy = f(w) .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.2. Heat Equations of the Form ................................................................................................ 28
[f(x)wx]x + [g(y)wy]y = h(w) ......................................................................................................... 28
2
3.3. Heat Equations of the Form ................................................................................................ 28

[f(w)wx]x + [g(w)wy]y = h(w) ....................................................................................................... 28
4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential Equations .................................................................... 28
4.1. Equations of Transonic Gas Flow ........................................................................................ 28
4.2. Monge-Ampere Equations .................................................................................................. 29
5. Third-Order Partial Differential Equations ........................................................................... 29
6. Fourth-Order Partial Differential Equations ......................................................................... 29
Systems of Partial Differential Equations ....................................................................................... 30
1. Linear Systems of Two Second-Order Partial Differential Equations .................................. 30
2. Nonlinear Systems of Two Parabolic Equations.......................................................................... 30
2.1. Reaction-Diffusion Systems of the Form ............................................................................. 30
ut = auxx + F(u, w), wt = bwxx + G(u, w) ....................................................................................... 30
ut = ax n(xnux)x + F(u, w), wt = bx n(xnwx)x + G(u, w) ................................................................... 32
2.3. Other Systems .................................................................................................................... 33
3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Elliptic Equations .............................................................................. 33
uxx + uyy = F(u, w), wxx + wyy = G(u, w) ......................................................................................... 33
3.2. Other Systems .................................................................................................................... 34
4. Nonlinear Systems of Two Hyperbolic Equations .................................................................. 34
5. Systems of Partial Differential Equations of General Form ......................................................... 35
5.1. Linear Systems of PDEs ....................................................................................................... 35
5.2. Nonlinear Systems of Two PDEs Containing the First Derivatives in t .................................. 35
5.3. Nonlinear Systems of Two PDEs Containing the Second Derivatives in t .............................. 36
5.4. Nonlinear Systems of Many PDEs Containing the First Derivatives in t ................................ 36
Linear Integral Equations .............................................................................................................. 37
1. Volterra Integral Equations of the First Kind .............................................................................. 37
1-1. Integral equations with kernels involving power-law functions ........................................... 37
1-2. Integral equations with kernels involving exponential functions ......................................... 37
1-3. Integral equations with kernels involving hyperbolic functions ........................................... 38
1-4. Integral equations with kernels involving logarithmic functions .......................................... 38
1-5. Integral equations with kernels involving trigonometric functions ...................................... 39
1-6. Integral equations with kernels involving special functions ................................................. 39
10-7. Integral equations with kernels involving arbitrary functions ............................................ 40
3
2. Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind.......................................................................... 40

2-1. Integral equations with kernels involving............................................................................ 40
power-law functions ................................................................................................................. 40
2-2. Integral equations with kernels involving exponential functions ......................................... 41
2-3. Integral equations with kernels involving hyperbolic or spacial functions ........................... 41
2-4. Integral equations with kernels involving arbitrary functions .............................................. 42
3. Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind ............................................................................ 42
3-1. Integral equations with kernels involving power-law functions ........................................... 42
3-2. Integral equations with kernels involving exponential or logarithmic functions .................. 43
3-4. Other integral equations .................................................................................................... 44
4. Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind ....................................................................... 44
4-1. Integral equations whose kernels contain........................................................................... 44
power-law functions ................................................................................................................. 44
4-2. Integral equations with kernels involving exponential or hyperbolic functions .................... 45
4-4. Integral equations with kernels involving arbitrary functions .............................................. 46
Nonlinear Integral Equations ......................................................................................................... 46
5. Nonlinear Integral Equations with Variable Limit of Integration ........................................ 46
6. Nonlinear Integral Equations with Constant Limits of Integration ...................................... 47
Functional Equations ..................................................................................................................... 48
1. Linear Difference and Functional Equations with One Independent Variable ............................. 48
1.1. Linear Difference and Functional Equations Containing Unknown Function with Two
Different Arguments ................................................................................................................. 48
1.2. Other Linear Difference and Functional Equations .............................................................. 51
2. Nonlinear Functional Equations with One Independent Variable ............................................... 52
2.1. Functional Equations with Quadratic Nonlinearity .............................................................. 52
2.2. Functional Equations with .................................................................................................. 53
Power Law Nonlinearity ......................................................................................................... 53
2.3. Nonlinear Functional Equations of General Form ................................................................ 53
3. Linear Functional Equations with Several Independent Variables ....................................... 54
4. Nonlinear Functional Equations with Several Independent Variables ................................. 55
Tipuri de ecuatii
Algebraic Equations
1. ax + b = 0. Linear (algebraic) equation.
2. ax2 + bx + c = 0. Quadratic equation.
3. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0. Cubic equation.
4. ax4 + bx2 + c = 0. Biquadratic equation.
5. ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + bx + a = 0. Reciprocal (algebraic)
equation.
6. ax4 + bx3 + cx2 bx + a = 0. Modified reciprocal
equation.
7. ab2x4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + ad2 = 0. Generalized
reciprocal equation.
8. ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0. Quartic equation of
general form.
9. xn a = 0. Binomial algebraic equation of degree n.
10.
ax2n + bxn + c = 0.
11.
a0x2n + a1x2n1 + a2x2n2 + ... + a2x2 + a1x + a0 =
0. Reciprocal (algebraic) equation.
12.
anxn + an1xn1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0. Algebraic
equation of general form of degree n.
Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations

1. a1x + b1y = c1, a2x + b2y = c2. System of two linear
(algebraic) equations.
2. am1x1 + am2x2 + ... + amnxn = bm, m = 1, 2, ..., n. System
of n linear equations.
Ecuatii diferentiale
1. First-Order Ordinary Differential
Equations
1. y = f(y).
Autonomous equation.
2. y = f(x)g(y). Separable equation.
3. g(x)y = f1(x)y + f0(x). Linear equation.
4. g(x)y = f1(x)y + fn(x)yn. Bernoulli equation.
5. y = f(y/x). Homogeneous equation
6. y = ay2 + bxn. Special Riccati equation.
7. y = y2 + f(x)y a2 af(x). Riccati equation, special
case 1.
8. y = f(x)y2 + ay ab b2f(x). Riccati equation, special
case 2.
9. y = y2 + xf(x)y + f(x). Riccati equation, special case 3.
10. y = f(x)y2 axnf(x)y + anxn1. Riccati equation,
special case 4.
11. y = f(x)y2 + anxn1 a2x2nf(x). Riccati equation,
special case 5.
12. y = (n + 1)xny2 + xn+1f(x)y f(x). Riccati equation,
special case 6.
13. xy = f(x)y2 + ny + ax2nf(x). Riccati equation, special
case 7.
14. xy = x2nf(x)y2 + [axnf(x) n]y + bf(x). Riccati
equation, special case 8.
15. y = f(x)y2 + g(x)y a2f(x) ag(x). Riccati equation,
special case 9.
16. y = f(x)y2 + g(x)y + anxn1 a2x2nf(x)
axng(x). Riccati equation, special case 10.
17. y = aexy2 + aexf(x)y + f(x). Riccati equation,
special case 11.
6
18. y = f(x)y2 aexf(x)y + aex. Riccati equation,

special case 12.
19. y = f(x)y2 + aex a2e2xf(x). Riccati equation,
special case 13.
20. y = f(x)y2 + y + ae2xf(x). Riccati equation, special
case 14.
21. y = y2 f2(x) + f(x). Riccati equation, special
case 15.
22. y = f(x)y2 f(x)g(x)y + g(x). Riccati equation,

special case 16.
23. y = f(x)y2 + g(x)y + h(x). General Riccati equation.
24. yy = y + f(x). Abel equation of the second kind in the
canonical form.
25. yy = f(x)y + g(x). Abel equation of the second kind.
26. yy = f(x)y2 + g(x)y + h(x). Abel equation of the
second kind.
27. y = f(ax + by + c).
28. y = f(y + axn + b) anxn1.
29. y = (y/x)f(xnym). Generalized homogeneous equation.
30. y = (n/m)(y/x) + ykf(x)g(xnym).
31. y = f((ax + by + c)/(x + y + )).
32. y = xn1y1mf(axn + bym).
33. [xnf(y) + xg(y)]y = h(y).
34. x[f(xnym) + mxkg(xnym)]y = y[h(xnym) nxkg(xnym)].
35. x[f(xnym) + mykg(xnym)]y = y[h(xnym) nykg(xnym)].
36. x[sf(xnym) mg(xkys)]y = y[ng(xkys) kf(xnym)].
37. [f(y) + amxnym1]y + g(x) + anxn1ym = 0.
38. y = exf(exy).
39. y = eyf(eyx).
40. y = yf(exym).
41. y = x1f(xney).
7
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
y = f(x)ey + g(x).
y = nx1 + f(x)g(xney).
y = (/m)y + ykf(x)g(exym).
y = exyf(aex + bey).
[exf(y) + a]y + eyg(x) + a = 0.
x[f(xney) + yg(xney)]y = h(xney) nyg(xney).
[f(exym) + mxg(exym)]y = y[h(exym) xg(exym)].
2. Second-Order Linear Ordinary

Differential Equations
2.1. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving Power
Functions
1. y + ay = 0. Equation of free oscillations.
2. y axny = 0.
3. y + ay + by = 0. Second-order constant coefficient
linear equation.
4. y + ay + (bx + c)y = 0.
5. y + (ax+ b)y + (x2 + x + )y = 0.
6. xy + ay + by = 0.
7. xy + ay + bxy = 0.
8. xy + ny + bx1 2ny = 0.
9. xy + ay + bxny = 0.
10.
xy + (b x)y ay = 0. Degenerate
hypergeometric equation.
11.
(a2x + b2)y + (a1x + b1)y + (a0x + b0)y = 0.
12.
x2y + axy + by = 0. Euler equation.
13.
x2y + xy + (x2 2)y = 0. Bessel equation.
14.
x2y + xy (x2 + 2)y = 0. Modified Bessel
equation.
15.
x2y + axy + (bxn + c)y = 0.
8
16.
x2y + axy + xn(bxn + c)y = 0.
17.
x2y + (ax + b)y + cy = 0.
18.
(1 x2)y 2xy + n(n + 1)y = 0, n = 0, 1, 2,
... Legendre equation.
19.
(1 x2)y 2xy + ( + 1)y = 0. Legendre
equation.
20.
(ax2 + b)y + axy + cy = 0.
21.
(1 x2)y + (ax + b)y + cy = 0.
22.
x(x 1)y + [( + + 1)x ]xy + y =
0. Gaussian hypergeometric equation.
23.
(1 x2)2y 2x(1 x2)y + *( + 1)(1 x2) 2]y =
0. Legendre equation.
24.
(x a)2(x b)2y cy = 0.
25.
(ax2 + bx + c)2y + Ay = 0.
26.
x2(axn 1)y + x(apxn + q)y + (arxn + s)y = 0.
2.2. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving
Exponential and Other Functions
27.
y + aexy = 0.
28.
y + (aex b)y = 0.
29.
y (ae2x + bex + c)y = 0.
30.
y + ay + be2axy = 0.
31.
y ay + be2axy = 0.
32.
y + ay + (bex + c)y = 0.
33.
y (a 2q cosh 2x)y = 0. Modified Mathieu
equation.
34.
y + (a 2q cos 2x)y = 0. Mathieu equation.
35.
y + a tan x y + by = 0.
2.3. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving

Arbitrary Functions, f = f(x)
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
y + fy + a(f a)y = 0.
y + xfy fy = 0.
xy + (xf + a)y + (a 1)fy = 0.
xy + [(ax + 1)f + ax 1+y + a2xfy = 0.
xy + [(ax2 + bx)f + 2]y + bfy = 0.
x2y + xfy + a(f a 1)y = 0.
y + (f + aex)y + aex(f + )y = 0.
y (f 2 + f)y = 0.
y + 2fy + (f 2 + f)y = 0.
y + (1 a)fy a(f 2 + f)y = 0.
y + fy + (fg g2 + g)y = 0, g=g(x).
fy afy bf 2a + 1y = 0.
f 2y + f(f + a)y + by = 0.
y fy + a2e2fy = 0.
y fy a2e2fy = 0.
3. Second-Order Nonlinear Ordinary

3.1. Ordinary Differential Equations of the Form
y = f(x, y)
1. y = f(y). Autonomous equation.
2. y = Axnym. Emden--Fowler equation.
3. y + f(x)y = ay3. Ermakov (Yermakov) equation.
4. y = f(ay + bx + c).
5. y = f(y + ax2 + bx + c).
6. y = x1f(yx1). Homogeneous equation.
10
7. y = x3f(yx1).
8. y = x3/2f(yx1/2).
9. y = xk2f(xky). Generalized homogeneous equation.
10.
y = yx2f(xnym). Generalized homogeneous
equation.
11.
y = y3f(y(ax2 + bx + c)1/2).
12.
y = eaxf(eaxy).
13.
y = yf(eaxym).
14.
y = x2f(xneay).
15.
y = (/)y + 3f(y/), = (x).
3.2. Ordinary Differential Equations of the Form
f(x, y)y = g(x, y, y)
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
y y = f(y). Autonomous equation.

y + f(y)y + g(y) = 0. Lienard equation.
y + [ay + f(x)]y + f(x)y = 0.
y + [2ay + f(x)]y + af(x)y2 = g(x).
y = ay + e2axf(y).
y = f(y)y.
y = [exf(y) + +y.
xy = ny + x2n + 1f(y).
xy = f(y)y.
xy = [xkf(y) + k 1+y.
x2y + xy = f(y).
(ax2 + b)y + axy + f(y) = 0.
y = f(y)y + g(x).
xy + (n + 1)y = xn 1f(yxn).
g(x)y + 1/2 g(x)y = f(y).
y = ay + eaxf(yeax).
xy = f(xneay)y.
11
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
x2y + xy = f(xneay).
yy + (y)2 + f(x)yy + g(x) = 0.
yy (y)2 + f(x)yy + g(x)y2 = 0.
yy n(y)2 + f(x)y2 + ay4n 2 = 0.
yy n(y)2 + f(x)y2 + g(x)yn + 1 = 0.
yy + a(y)2 + f(x)yy + g(x)y2 = 0.
yy = f(x)(y)2.
y a(y)2 + f(x)eay + g(x) = 0.
y a(y)2 + be4ay + f(x) = 0.
y + a(y)2 1/2 y = exf(y).
y + (y)2 = [exf(y) + +y.
y + f(y)(y)2 + g(y) = 0.
y + f(y)(y)2 1/2 y = exg(y).
y = xf(y)(y)3.
y = f(y)(y)2 + g(x)y.
y = f(x)g(xy y).
y = yx2f(xy/y).
gy + 1/2 gy = f(y)h(yg1/2), g = g(x).
y = f((y)2 + ay).
4. Higher-Order Linear Ordinary

1. y + y = 0.
2. y = axy.
3. (x a)3(x b)3y cy = 0.
4. (ax2 + bx + c)3y = ky.
5. y + ay = 0.
6. y + axny + b(axn b)y = 0.
7. x2y + 6xy + 6y a2y = 0. Equation of
transverse vibrations of a pointed bar.
8. (ax2 + bx + c)4y = ky.
12
9. y(6) + ay = 0.
10.
y(2n) = a2ny.
11.
y(n) = axy + b.
12.
y(n) = axy.
13.
(ax + b)n(cx + d)ny(n) = ky.
14.
(ax2 + bx + c)ny(n) = ky.
15.
any(n) + an 1y(n 1) + ... + a1y + a0y = 0.
coefficient linear equation.
Constant
16.anxny(n) + an 1xn 1y(n 1) + ... + a1xy + a0y = 0.

equation.
Euler
5. Higher-Order Nonlinear Ordinary

Differential Equation
1. y = Axy. Emden--Fowler equation of the thirdorder.
2. y = ay 5/2 + by 7/2.
3. y = f(y).
4. yy = f(x).
5. y = Ay 5/3.
6. y = f(y).
7. F(x, y, y, ..., y(n)) = 0. The equation does not depend
on y explicitly.
8. F(y, y, y, ..., y(n)) = 0. Autonomous equation.
9. F(x, xy my, y(m+1), y(m+2), ..., y(n)) = 0, m = 1, 2, ..., n
1.
10.
F(xkym, xy/y, x2y/y, ..., xny(n)/y) = 0. Generalized
homogeneous equation.
11.
F(exym, y/y, y/y, ..., y(n)/y) = 0.
12.
F(xmey, xy, x2y, ..., xny(n)) = 0.
13
1. Linear Systems of Two Ordinary

1.1. Systems of First-Order Ordinary Differential
Equations;
x = x(t), y = y(t)
1. x = ax + by, y = cx + dy.
2. x = a1x + b1y + c1, y = a2x + b2y + c2.
3. x = f(t)x + g(t)y, y = g(t)x + f(t)y.
4. x = f(t)x + g(t)y, y = g(t)x + f(t)y.
5. x = f(t)x + g(t)y, y = ag(t)x + [f(t) + bg(t)]y.
6. x = f(t)x + g(t)y, y = a[f(t) + ah(t)]x + a[g(t) h(t)]y.
7. x = f(t)x + g(t)y, y = h(t)x + p(t)y.
1.2. Systems of Second-Order Ordinary Differential
Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t)
8. x = ax + by, y = cx + dy.
9. x = a1x + b1y + c1, y = a2x + b2y + c2.
10.
x ay + bx = 0, y + ax + by = 0.
11.
x + a1x + b1y + c1x + d1y = k1eit, y + a2x + b2y +
c2x + d2y = k2eit.
12.
x = a(ty y), y = b(tx x).
13.
x = f(t)(a1x + b1y), y = f(t)(a2x + b2y).
14.
x = f(t)(a1x + b1y), y = f(t)(a2x + b2y).
15.
x = af(t)(ty y), y = bf(t)(tx x).
16.
t2x + a1tx + b1ty + c1x + d1y = 0, t2y + a2tx + b2ty
+ c2x + d2y = 0.
17.
(t2 + t + )2x = ax + by, (t2 + t + )2y = cx +
dy.
14
18.
x = f(t)(tx x) + g(t)(ty y), y = h(t)(tx x) +
p(t)(ty y).
2.Linear Systems of Three or More

Ordinary Differential Equations;
x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)
1. x = ax, y = bx + cy, z = dx + ky + pz.
2. x = cy bz, y = az cx, z = bx ay.
3. ax = bc(y z), by = ac(z x), cz = ab(x y).
4. x = (a1f + g)x + a2fy + a3fz, y = b1fx + (b2f + g)y +
b3fz, z = c1fx + c2fy + (c3f + g)z.
5. x = h(t)y g(t)z, y = f(t)z h(t)x, z = g(t)x f(t)y.

6.xk = ak1x1 + ak2x2 + + aknxn; k = 1, 2, , n.
3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Ordinary

1. x = xnF(x, y), y = g(y) F(x, y).
2. x = exF(x, y), y = g(y) F(x, y).
3. x = F(x, y), y = G(x, y). Autonomous system of
general form.
4. x = f1(x) g1(y) (x, y, t), y = f2(x) g2(y) (x, y, t).
5. x = tx + F(x, y), y = ty + G(x, y). Clairaut system.
15

6. x = xf(ax by) + g(ax by), y = yf(ax by) + h(ax
by).
7. x = xf(y/x), y = yg(y/x).
8. x = kxr3, y = kyr3; r = (x2 + y2)1/2. Equations of
motion of a point mass in gravitational field.
9. x = xf(r), y = yf(r); r = (x2 + y2)1/2. Equations of
motion of a point mass in central force field.
10.
x = xf(x2 + y2, y/x) yg(y/x), y = yf(x2 + y2, y/x) +
xg(y/x).
11.
x = f(y)g(v)x, y = f(y)g(v)y a; v = [(x)2 +
(y)2]1/2. Equations of motion of a projectile.
12.
x + a(t)x = x3f(y/x), y + a(t)y =
y3g(y/x). Generalized Ermakov (Yermakov) system.
13.
x = x3F(x/(t), y/(t)), y = y3G(x/(t),
y/(t)); (t) = (at2 + bt + c)1/2.
14.
x = f(y/x), y = g(y/x).
15.
x = x(x, y, t, x, y), y = y(x, y, t, x, y).
16.
x + x3f(y/x) = x(x, y, t, x, y), y + y3g(y/x) =
y(x, y, t, x, y).
17.
x = F(t, tx x, ty y), y = G(t, tx x, ty y).
18.
x = x(x, y, t, x, y) + f(y), y = y(x, y, t, x, y)
+ g(x).
19.
x = ay(x, y, t, x, y) + f(x), y = bx(x, y, t, x,
y) + g(y).
20.
x = f(y)(x, y, t, x, y), y = g(x)(x, y, t, x, y).
16
4. Nonlinear Systems of Three or More

Ordinary Differential Equations
Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)
1. ax = (b c)yz, by = (c a)zx, cz = (a b)xy.
2. ax = (b c)yzf(x, y, z, t), by = (c a)zxf(x, y, z, t), cz =
(a b)xyf(x, y, z, t).
3. x = a(y x), y = bx y xz, z = cz + xy. Lorenz
equations.
4. x = cF2 bF3, y = aF3 cF1, z = bF1 aF2, where Fn =
Fn(x, y, z, t).
5. x = czF2 byF3, y = axF3 czF1, z = byF1
axF2, where Fn = Fn(x, y, z, t).
6. x = x(cF2 bF3), y = y(aF3 cF1), z = z(bF1
aF2), where Fn = Fn(x, y, z, t).
7. x = h(z)F2 g(y)F3, y = f(x)F3 h(z)F1, z = g(y)F1
f(x)F2 where Fn = Fn(x, y, z, t).
Equations; x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)
8. x = Fx, y = Fy, z = Fz, where F = F(r), r = (x2 + y2 +
z2)1/2.
9. x = xF, y = yF, z = zF, where F = F(x, y, z, t, x, y,
z).
10.
x = F1, y = F2, z = F3, where Fn = Fn(t, tx x,
ty y, tz z).
11.
x = cF2 bF3, y = aF3 cF1, z = bF1
aF2, where F = F(x, y, z, t, x, y, z).
17
Ecuatii cu derivate partiale

1. First-Order Linear Partial Differential
Equations
1.1. Equations of the Form f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = 0
1. wx + [f(x)y + g(x)]wy = 0.
2. wx + [f(x)y + g(x)yk]wy = 0.
3. wx + [f(x)ey + g(x)]wy = 0.
4. f(x)wx + g(y)wy = 0.
5. [f(y) + amxnym1]wx *g(x) + anxn1ym]wy = 0.
6. [exf(y) + c+wx *eyg(x) + c+wy = 0.
7. wx + f(ax + by + c)wy = 0.
8. wx + f(y/x)wy = 0.
9. xwx + yf(xnym)wy = 0.
10.
wx + yf(exym)wy = 0.
11.
xwx + f(xney)wy = 0.
1.2. Equations of the Form
f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y)
1. awx + bwy = f(x).
2. wx + awy = f(x)yk.
3. wx + awy = f(x)ey.
4. awx + bwy = f(x) + g(y).
5. wx + awy = f(x)g(y).
6. wx + awy = f(x, y).
7. wx + [ay + f(x)]wy = g(x).
8. wx + [ay + f(x)]wy = g(x)h(y).
9. wx + [f(x)y + g(x)yk]wy = h(x).
18
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
wx + [f(x) + g(x)ey]wy = h(x).

axwx + bywy = f(x, y).
f(x)wx + g(y)wy = h1(x) + h2(y).
f(x)wx + g(y)wy = h(x, y).
f(y)wx + g(x)wy = h(x, y).
f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y)w + r(x, y)
1. awx + bwy = f(x)w.

2. awx + bwy = f(x)w + g(x).
3. awx + bwy = [f(x) + g(y)]w.
4. wx + awy = f(x, y)w.
5. wx + awy = f(x, y)w + g(x, y).
6. axwx + bywy = f(x)w + g(x).
7. axwx + bywy = f(x, y)w.
8. xwx + aywy = f(x, y)w + g(x, y).
9. f(x)wx + g(y)wy = [h1(x) + h2(y)]w.
10.
f1(x)wx + f2(y)wy = aw + g1(x) + g2(y).
11.
f(x)wx + g(y)wy = h(x, y)w + r(x, y). f(y)wx + g(x)wy =
h(x, y)w + r(x, y).
2. First-Order Quasilinear Partial

f(x, y)wx + g(x, y)wy = h(x, y, w)
1. wx + awy = f(x)w + g(x)wk.
2. wx + awy = f(x) + g(x)ew.
3. awx + bwy = f(w).
19
4. awx + bwy = f(x)g(w).

5. wx + awy = f(x)g(y)h(w).
6. axwx + bywy = f(w).
7. aywx + bxwy = f(w).
8. axnwx + bykwy = f(w).
9. aynwx + bxkwy = f(w).
10.
aexwx + beywy = f(w).
11.
aeywx + bexwy = f(w).
12.
f(x)wx + g(y)wy = h(w).
13.
f(y)wx + g(x)wy = h(w).
wx + f(x, y, w)wy = 0
1. wx + [aw + yf(x)]wy = 0.
2. wx + [aw + f(y)]wy = 0.
3. wx + f(w)wy = 0.
4. wx + [f(w) + ax]wy = 0.
5. wx + [f(w) + ay]wy = 0.
6. wx + [f(w) + g(x)]wy = 0.
7. wx + [f(w) + g(y)]wy = 0.
8. wx + [yf(w) + g(x)]wy = 0.
9. wx + [xf(w) + yg(w) + h(w)]wy = 0.
10.
wx + f(x)g(y)h(w)wy = 0.
wx + f(x, y, w)wy = g(x, y, w)
1. wx + awwy = f(x).
2. wx + awwy = f(y).
3. wx + [aw + f(x)]wy = g(x).
20
4. wx + f(w)wy = g(x).
5. wx + f(w)wy = g(y).
6. wx + f(w)wy = g(w).
7. wx + [f(w) + g(x)]wy = h(x).
8. wx + [f(w) + g(x)]wy = h(w).
9. wx + [f(w) + yg(x)]wy = h(x).
10.
wx + f(x, w)wy = g(x).
11.
wx + f(x, w)wy = g(w).
3. First-Order Nonlinear Partial

3.1. Equations Quadratic in One Derivative
1. wx + a(wy)2 = by.
2. wx + a(wy)2 + by2 = 0.
3. wx + a(wy)2 = f(x) + g(y).
4. wx + a(wy)2 = f(x)y + g(x).
5. wx + a(wy)2 = f(x)w + g(x).
6. wx f(w)(wy)2 = 0.
7. f1(x)wx + f2(y)(wy)2 = g1(x) + g2(y).
8. wx + a(wy)2 + bwy = f(x) + g(y).
9. wx + a(wy)2 + bwy = f(x)y + g(x).
10.
wx + a(wy)2 + bwy = f(x)w + g(x).
3.2. Equations Quadratic in Two Derivatives
1. a(wx)2 + b(wy)2 = c. Differential equation of light rays
(for a = b).
2. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = a 2by.
3. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = a(x2 + y2)1/2 + b.
21
4. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = f(x).

5. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = f(x) + g(y).
6. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = f(x2 + y2).
7. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = f(w).
8. (wx)2 + x2(wy)2 = f(x).
9. (wx)2 + f(x)(wy)2 = g(x).
10.
(wx)2 + f(y)(wy)2 = g(y).
11.
(wx)2 + f(w)(wy)2 = g(w).
12.
f1(x)(wx)2 + f2(y)(wy)2 = g1(x) + g2(y).
3.3. Equations with Arbitrary Nonlinearities in
Derivatives
1. wx + f(wy) = 0.
2. wx + f(wy) = g(x).
3. wx + f(wy) = g(x)y + h(x).
4. wx + f(wy) = g(x)w + h(x).
5. wx F(x, wy) = 0.
6. wx + F(x, wy) = aw.
7. wx + F(x, wy) = g(x)w.
8. F(wx, wy) = 0.
9. w = xwx + ywy + F(wx, wy). Clairaut's equation.
10.
F1(x, wx) = F2(y, wy). Separable equation.
11.
F1(x, wx) + F2(y, wy) + aw = 0. Separable equation.
12.
F1(x, wx/w) + wkF2(y, wy/w) = 0.
13.
F1(x, wx) + ewF2(y, wy) = 0.
14.
F1(x, wx/w) + F2(y, wy/w) = k ln w.
15.
wx + yF1(x, wy) + F2(x, wy) = 0.
16.
F(wx + ay, wy + ax) = 0.
17.
(wx)2 + (wy)2 = F(x2 + y2, ywx xwy).
18.
F(x, wx, wy) = 0.
19.
F(ax + by, wx, wy) = 0.
22
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
F(w, wx, wy) = 0.

F(ax + by + cw, wx, wy) = 0.
F(x, wx, wy, w ywy) = 0.
F(w, wx, wy, xwx + ywy) = 0.
F(ax + by, wx, wy, w xwx ywy) = 0.
F(x, wx, G(y, wy)) = 0. Separable equation.
1. Linear Parabolic Equations

1. wt = awxx. Heat equation (linear heat equation).
2. wt = awxx + (x, t). Nonhomogeneous heat equation.
3. wt = awxx + bwx + cw + (x, t). Convective heat
equation with a source.
4. wt = a(wrr + r1wr). Heat equation with axial
symmetry.
5. wt = a(wrr + r1wr) + (r, t). Heat equation with axial
symmetry (with a source).
6. wt = a(wrr + 2r1wr). Heat equation with central
symmetry.
7. wt = a(wrr + 2r1wr) + (r, t). Heat equation with
central symmetry (with a source).
8. iwt = kwxx + U(x)w. Schrodinger equation (linear
Schrodinger equation).
2. Linear Hyperbolic Equations

1. wtt = a2wxx. Wave equation (linear wave equation).
2. wtt = a2wxx + (x, t). Nonhomogeneous wave
equation.
3. wtt = a2wxx bw. Klein-Gordon equation.
4. wtt = a2wxx bw + (x, t). Nonhomogeneous KleinGordon equation.
5. wtt = a2(wrr + r1wr) + (r, t). Nonhomogeneous wave
equation with axial symmetry.
23
6. wtt = a2(wrr+2r1wr) + (r, t). Nonhomogeneous wave

equation with central symmetry.
7. wtt + kwt = a2wxx + bw. Telegraph equation
3. Linear Elliptic Equations

1. w = 0. Laplace equation.
2. w + (x) = 0. Poisson equation.
3. w + w = (x). Helmholtz equation.
4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential

Equations
1. ywxx + wyy = 0. Tricomi equation.
2. wxx + f(x)wyy = 0. Generalized Tricomi equation.
5. Fourth-Order Partial Differential

Equations
1. wtt + a2wxxxx = 0. Equation of transverse vibration of
elastic rods.
2. wtt + a2wxxxx = (x, t). Equation of transverse
vibration of elastic rods (nonhomogeneous).
3. w = 0. Biharmonic equation.
4. w = (x, y). Nonhomogeneous biharmonic
equation.
24
Nonlinear Partial Differential

Equations of Mathematical
Physics
1. Nonlinear Parabolic Equations
1.1. Nonlinear Heat Equations with a Source of the
Form wt = wxx + f(w)
1. wt = wxx + aw(1 w). Fisher equation.
2. wt = wxx + aw bw3. Newell--Whitehead equation.
3. wt = wxx w(1 w)(a w). FitzHugh--Nagumo
equation.
4. wt = wxx + aw + bwm.
5. wt = wxx + a + bew.
6. wt = wxx + aw ln w.
1.2. Nonlinear Heat Equations of the Form
wt = [f(w)wx]x + g(w)
1. wt = a(wmwx)x. Heat equation with a power-law
nonlinearity.
2. wt = a(wmwx)x + bw.
3. wt = a(wmwx)x + bwm+1.
4. wt = a(wmwx)x + bw1m.
5. wt = a(w2nwx)x + bw1n.
6. wt = a(wnwx)x + bw + c1wm + c2wk.
25
7. wt = a(ewwx)x. Heat equation with a exponential

nonlinearity.
8. wt = a(ewwx)x + b + c1ew + c2ew.
9. wt = [f(w)wx]x. Nonlinear heat equation of general
form.
10.
wt = [f(w)wx]x + g(w). Nonlinear heat equation
with a source of general form.
1.3. Other Nonlinear Parabolic Equations
1. wt = wxx + wwx. Burgers equation.
2. wt + wwx = awxx + b0 + b1w + b2w2 + b3w3.
3. wt = xn[xnf(w)wx]x + g(w).
4. wt = [f(w)(wx)n]x + g(w).
1.4. Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations
1. iwt + wxx + k|w|2w = 0. Schrodinger equation with a
cubic nonlinearity.
2. iwt + wxx + k|w|2nw = 0. Schrodinger equation with a
power-law nonlinearity.
3. iwt + wxx + f(|w|)w = 0. Schrodinger equation of
general form.
2. Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations

2.1. Nonlinear Wave Equations of the Form
wtt = awxx + f(w)
1. wtt = awxx + aw + bwn. Klein--Gordon equation with a
power-law nonlinearity.
2. wtt = wxx + awn + bw2n1. Klein--Gordon equation with
a power-law nonlinearity.
26
3. wtt = a2wxx + bew. Modified Liouville equation.

4. wtt = wxx + aew + be2w. Klein--Gordon equation with a
exponential nonlinearity.
5. wtt = awxx + b sinh(w). Sinh--Gordon equation.
6. wtt = awxx + b sin(w). Sine--Gordon equation.
7. wtt = wxx + f(w). Nonlinear Klein--Gordon equation.
2.2. Other Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations
1. wtt = a(wwx)x.
2. wtt = a(wnwx)x + bwk.
3. wtt = a(ewwx)x.
4. wtt = axn(xnwx)x + f(w).
5. wtt = [a(x + b)nwx]x + f(w).
6. wtt = a(exwx)x + f(w).
7. wtt = [f(w)wx]x.
3. Nonlinear Elliptic Equations

3.1. Nonlinear Heat Equations of the Form
wxx + wyy = f(w)
1. wxx + wyy = aw + bwn.
2. wxx + wyy = awn + bw2n1.
3. wxx + wyy = aew.
4. wxx + wyy = aew + be2w.
5. wxx + wyy = aw ln(w).
6. wxx + wyy = a sin(w).
7. wxx + wyy = f(w).
27
3.2. Heat Equations of the Form

[f(x)wx]x + [g(y)wy]y = h(w)
1. (axnwx)x + (bymwy)y = f(w). Anisotropic heat (diffusion)
equation.
2. awxx + (beywy)y = f(w). Anisotropic heat (diffusion)
equation.
3. (aexwx)x + (beywy)y = f(w). Anisotropic heat
(diffusion) equation.
4. [f(x)wx]x + [g(y)wy]y = kw ln w. Anisotropic heat
(diffusion) equation.
3.3. Heat Equations of the Form
[f(w)wx]x + [g(w)wy]y = h(w)
1. wxx + *(w + )wy]y = 0. Stationary Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya equation.
2. wxx + (aewwy)y = 0. Anisotropic heat (diffusion)
equation.
3. [f(w)wx]x + [g(w)wy]y = 0. Anisotropic heat (diffusion)
equation.
4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential

Equations
4.1. Equations of Transonic Gas Flow
1. awxwxx + wyy = 0. Equation of steady transonic gas
flow.
2. wyy + ay1wy + bwxwxx = 0. Equation of steady
transonic gas flow.
28
4.2. Monge-Ampere Equations

1. (wxy)2 wxxwyy = 0. Homogeneous Monge-Ampere
equation.
2. (wxy)2 wxxwyy = A. Nonhomogeneous Monge-Ampere
equation.
3. (wxy)2 wxxwyy = F(x, y). Nonhomogeneous MongeAmpere equation.
5. Third-Order Partial Differential

Equations
1. wt + wxxx 6wwx = 0. Korteweg--de Vries equation.
2. wt + wxxx 6wwx + (2t)1w = 0. Cylindrical Korteweg-de Vries equation.
3. wt + wxxx + 6w2wx = 0. Modified Korteweg--de Vries
equation.
4. wt + wxxx + f(w)wx = 0. Generalized Korteweg--de
Vries equation.
5. wywxy wxwyy = awyyy. Hydrodynamic boundary layer
equation.
6. wywxy wxwyy = awyyy + f(x). Boundary layer equation
with pressure gradient.
6. Fourth-Order Partial Differential

Equations
1. wtt + (wwx)x + wxxxx = 0. Boussinesq equation.
2. wy(w)x wx(w)y = a w. Equation of motion of
viscous fluid; it is obtained from the Navier--Stokes
equations.
29
Systems of Partial Differential

Equations
1. Linear Systems of Two Second-Order
Partial Differential Equations
1. ut = auxx + b1u + c1w, wt = awxx + b2u + c2w.
2. ut = auxx + f1(t)u + g1(t)w, wt = awxx + f2(t)u + g2(t)w.
3. utt = kuxx + a1u + b1w, wtt = kwxx + a2u + b2w.
4. uxx + uyy = a1u + b1w, wxx + wyy = a2u + b2w.
2. Nonlinear Systems of Two Parabolic

Equations
2.1. Reaction-Diffusion Systems of the Form
ut = auxx + F(u, w), wt = bwxx + G(u, w)
1. ut = auxx + u exp(kw/u)f(u), wt = awxx +
exp(kw/u)[wf(u) + g(u)].
2. ut = auxx + uf(bu cw) + g(bu cw), wt = awxx + wf(bu
cw) + h(bu cw).
3. ut = auxx + euf(u w), wt = bwxx + ewg(u w).
4. ut = auxx + uf(u/w), wt = awxx + wg(u/w).
5. ut = auxx + uf(u/w), wt = bwxx + wg(u/w).
6. ut = auxx + uf(u/w) + g(u/w), wt = awxx + wf(u/w) +
h(u/w).
7. ut = auxx + uf(u/w) + u/w h(u/w), wt = awxx + wg(u/w) +
h(u/w).
8. ut = auxx + u3f(u/w), wt = awxx + u3g(u/w).
9. ut = uxx + au u3f(u/w), wt = wxx + aw u3g(u/w).
30
10.
ut = auxx + unf(u/w), wt = bwxx + wng(u/w).
11.
ut = auxx + uf(u/w) ln u + ug(u/w), wt = awxx +
wf(u/w) ln w + wh(u/w).
12.
ut = auxx + uf(w/u) wg(w/u) + u(u2 +
w2)1/2h(w/u),
wt = awxx + wf(w/u) + ug(w/u) + w(u2 + w2)1/2h(w/u).
13.
ut = auxx + uf(w/u) + wg(w/u) + u(u2
w2)1/2h(w/u),
wt = awxx + wf(w/u) + ug(w/u) + w(u2 w2)1/2h(w/u).
14.
ut = auxx + uf(unwm), wt = bwxx + wg(unwm).
15.
ut = auxx + u1 + knf(unwm), wt = bwxx + w1 kmg(unwm).
16.
ut = auxx + cu ln u + uf(unwm), wt = bwxx + cw ln w +
wg(unwm).
17.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 + w2) wg(u2 + w2), wt = awxx +
wf(u2 + w2) + ug(u2 + w2).
18.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 w2) + wg(u2 w2), wt = awxx +
wf(u2 w2) + ug(u2 w2).
19.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 + w2) wg(u2 + w2) w
arctan(w/u)h(u2 + w2),
wt = awxx + wf(u2 + w2) + ug(u2 + w2) + u arctan(w/u)h(u2
+ w2).
20.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 w2) + wg(u2 w2) + w
artanh(w/u)h(u2 w2),
wt = awxx + wf(u2 w2) + ug(u2 w2) + u
artanh(w/u)h(u2 w2).
21.
ut = auxx + uk + 1f(), wt = awxx + uk + 1[f() ln u +
g()+, = u exp(w/u).
22.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 + w2) wg(w/u), wt = awxx +
ug(w/u) + wf(u2 + w2).
23.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 w2) + wg(w/u), wt = awxx +
ug(w/u) + wf(u2 w2).
31
24.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 + w2, w/u) wg(w/u), wt = awxx +
wf(u2 + w2, w/u) + ug(w/u).
25.
ut = auxx + uf(u2 w2, w/u) + wg(w/u), wt = awxx +
wf(u2 w2, w/u) + ug(w/u).
26.
ut = auxx + F(u, w), wt = awxx + bF(u, w).
27.
ut = auxx + uf(bu cw) + g(bu cw) + c(u, w), wt
= awxx + wf(bu cw) + h(bu cw) + b(u, w).
ut = ax n(xnux)x + F(u, w), wt = bx n(xnwx)x + G(u, w)
Preliminary comments.
Similar systems of equations
are frequent in the theory of heat and mass transfer of
reacting media, the theory of chemical reactors, combustion
theory, mathematical biology, and biophysics. The values n
= 1 and n = 2 correspond to equations with axial and central
symmetry, respectively. The functions f(), g(), and h()
appearing below are arbitrary functions of an argument =
(u, w); the equations are arranged in order of complicating
this argument.
1. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(bu cw) + g(bu cw), wt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(bu cw) + h(bu cw).
2. ut = axn(xnux)x + euf(u w), wt = bxn(xnwx)x +
ewg(u w).
3. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w), wt = axn(xnwx)x + wg(u/w).
4. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w), wt = bxn(xnwx)x + wg(u/w).
5. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w) + u/w h(u/w), wt = axn(xnwx)x
+ wg(u/w) + h(u/w).
6. ut = axn(xnux)x + ukf(u/w), wt = bxn(xnwx)x + wkg(u/w).
32
7. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w) ln u + ug(u/w), wt =

axn(xnwx)x + wf(u/w) ln w + wh(u/w).
8. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(x, ukwm), wt = bxn(xnwx)x + wg(x,
ukwm).
9. ut = axn(xnux)x + u1 + knf(unwm), wt = bxn(xnwx)x + w1
km
g(unwm).
10.
ut = axn(xnux)x + cu ln u + uf(x, ukwm), wt =
bxn(xnwx)x + cw ln w + wg(x, ukwm).
11.
ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 + w2) wg(u2 + w2), wt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 + w2) + ug(u2 + w2).
12.
ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 w2) + wg(u2 w2), wt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 w2) + ug(u2 w2).
13.
ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 + w2) wg(w/u), wt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 + w2) + ug(w/u).
14.
ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 w2) + wg(w/u), wt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 w2) + ug(w/u).
2.3. Other Systems
1. ut = [f(t, u/w)ux]x + ug(t, u/w), wt = [f(t, u/w)wx]x +
wh(t, u/w).
3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Elliptic

Equations
uxx + uyy = F(u, w), wxx + wyy = G(u, w)
Preliminary comments. Similar systems of equations are
encountered in stationary problems of the theory of heat
and mass transfer in reacting media, the theory of chemical
33
reactors, combustion theory, mathematical biology, and

biophysics. The functions f(), g(), and h() appearing
below are arbitrary functions of an argument = (u, w);
the equations are arranged in order of complicating this
argument.
1. uxx + uyy = uf(au bw) + g(au bw), wxx + wyy = wf(au
bw) + h(au bw).
2. uxx + uyy = euf(u w), wxx + wyy = ewg(u w).
3. uxx + uyy = uf(u/w), wxx + wyy = wg(u/w).
4. uxx + uyy = uf(u/w) + u/w h(u/w), wxx + wyy = wg(u/w) +
h(u/w).
5. uxx + uyy = unf(u/w), wxx + wyy = wng(u/w).
6. uxx + uyy = uf(unwm), wxx + wyy = wg(unwm).
7. uxx + uyy = uf(u2 + w2) wg(u2 + w2), wxx + wyy = wf(u2 +
w2) + ug(u2 + w2).
8. uxx + uyy = uf(u2 w2) + wg(u2 w2), wxx + wyy = wf(u2
w2) + ug(u2 w2).
3.2. Other Systems
9. axux + ayuy = uxx + uyy f(u, w), axwx + aywy = wxx + wyy
g(u, w).
4. Nonlinear Systems of Two Hyperbolic

Equations
1. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(bu cw) + g(bu cw), wtt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(bu cw) + h(bu cw).
2. utt = axn(xnux)x + euf(u w), wtt = bxn(xnwx)x +
ewg(u w).
3. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w), wtt = bxn(xnwx)x + wg(u/w).
34
4. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w) + u/w h(u/w), wtt =

axn(xnwx)x + wg(u/w) + h(u/w).
5. utt = axn(xnux)x + ukf(u/w), wtt = bxn(xnwx)x +
wkg(u/w).
6. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(x, ukwm), wtt = bxn(xnwx)x + wg(x,
ukwm).
7. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 + w2) wg(u2 + w2), wtt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 + w2) + ug(u2 + w2).
8. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(u2 w2) + wg(u2 w2), wtt =
axn(xnwx)x + wf(u2 w2) + ug(u2 w2).
5. Systems of Partial Differential Equations

of General Form
Notation: L is an arbitrary linear differential operator in
coordinates x1, ..., xn.
5.1. Linear Systems of PDEs
1. ut = L[u] + f1(t)u + g1(t)w, wt = L[w] + f2(t)u + g2(t)w.
2. utt = L[u] + a1u + b1w, wtt = L[w] + a2u + b2w.
5.2. Nonlinear Systems of Two PDEs Containing the
First Derivatives in t
1. ut = L[u] + uf(t, au cw) + g(t, au cw), wt = L[w] +
wf(t, au cw) + h(t, au cw).
2. ut = L1[u] + uf(u/w), wt = L2[w] + wg(u/w).
3. ut = L[u] + uf(t, u/w), wt = L[w] + wg(t, u/w).
4. ut = L[u] + uf(u/w) + g(u/w), wt = L[w] + wf(u/w) +
h(u/w).
5. ut = L[u] + uf(t, u/w) + u/w h(t, u/w), wt = L[w] + wg(t,
u/w) + h(t, u/w).
35
6. ut = L[u] + uf(t, u/w) ln u + ug(t, u/w), wt = L[w] + wf(t,

u/w) ln w + wh(t, u/w).
5.3. Nonlinear Systems of Two PDEs Containing the
Second Derivatives in t
1. utt = L[u] + uf(t, au bw) + g(t, au bw), wtt = L[w] +
wf(t, au bw) + h(t, au bw).
2. utt = L1[u] + uf(u/w), wtt = L2[w] + wg(u/w).
3. utt = L[u] + uf(t, u/w), wtt = L[w] + wg(t, u/w).
4. utt = L[u] + uf(u/w) + g(u/w), wtt = L[w] + wf(u/w) +
h(u/w).
5. utt = L[u] + au ln u + uf(t, u/w), wtt = L[w] + aw ln w +
wg(t, u/w).
5.4. Nonlinear Systems of Many PDEs Containing the
First Derivatives in t
1. (um)t = L[um] + umf(t, u1 b1un, ..., un 1 bn 1un) + gm(t,
u1 b1un, ..., un 1 bn 1un),
m = 1, ..., n.
2. (um)t = L[um] + umfm(t, u1/un, ..., un 1/un) + um/un g(t,
u1/un, ..., un 1/un), m = 1, ..., n 1,
(un)t = L[un] + unfn(t, u1/un, ..., un 1/un) + g(t, u1/un, ..., un
1/un).
36
Linear Integral Equations

1. Volterra Integral Equations of the First
Kind
1-1. Integral equations with kernels involving powerlaw functions
1.
(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
2.
(Ax + Bt + C) y(t) dt = f(x).
3.
(x t)n y(t) dt = f(x),
4.
(x t)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).
5.
(x t)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).
6.
(x t) y(t) dt = f(x),
7.
(x t) y(t) dt = f(x),
equation.
n = 1, 2, ...
Abel equation.
0 < < 1.
0 < < 1.
Generalized Abel
1-2. Integral equations with kernels involving

exponential functions
8.
e(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
9.
ex+t y(t) dt = f(x).

37
10.
[e(xt) 1+ y(t) dt = f(x).
11.
[e(xt) + b] y(t) dt = f(x).
12.
[e(xt) e(xt)] y(t) dt = f(x).
13.
(ex et)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).

hyperbolic functions
14.
cosh*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
15.
,cosh*(x t)+ 1- y(t) dt = f(x).
16.
,cosh*(x t)] + b} y(t) dt = f(x).
17.
cosh2*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
18.
sinh*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
19.
,sinh*(x t)] + b} y(t) dt = f(x).
20.
sinh*(x t)1/2] y(t) dt = f(x).

logarithmic functions
21.
ln(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).

38
22.
[ln(x t) + A] y(t) dt = f(x).
23.
(x t)[ln(x t) + A] y(t) dt = f(x).

trigonometric functions
24.
cos*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
25.
,cos*(x t)+ 1- y(t) dt = f(x).
26.
,cos*(x t)] + b} y(t) dt = f(x).
27.
sin*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
28.
sin*(x t)1/2] y(t) dt = f(x).
1-6. Integral equations with kernels involving special

functions
29.
J0((x t)) y(t) dt = f(x).
30.
J0((x t)1/2) y(t) dt = f(x).
31.
I0((x t)) y(t) dt = f(x).
32.
I0((x t)1/2) y(t) dt = f(x).
39

arbitrary functions
33.
[g(x) g(t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
34.
[g(x) g(t) + b] y(t) dt = f(x).
35.
[g(x) + h(t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
36.
K(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
37.
[g(x) g(t)]1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).
38.
[g(x) g(t)]1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).
2. Volterra Integral Equations of the

Second Kind
power-law functions
1. y(x)
y(t) dt = f(x).
2. y(x) +
(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
3. y(x) +
(x t)2 y(t) dt = f(x).
4. y(x) +
(x t)3 y(t) dt = f(x).

40
5. y(x) + A
(x t)n y(t) dt = f(x).
6. y(x) + (x t)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x). Abel equation of the

second kind.
7. y(x) (x t) y(t) dt = f(x). Generalized Abel
equation of the second kind.
exponential functions
8. y(x) + A
e(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
9. y(x) + A
[e(x t) 1+ y(t) dt = f(x).
10.
y(x) + A
(x t)e(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).

hyperbolic or spacial functions
11.
y(x) + A
cosh*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
12.
y(x) + A
sinh*(x t)] y(t) dt = f(x).
13.
y(x)
J0(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
41

arbitrary functions
14.
y(x)
g(x) h(t) y(t) dt = f(x).
15.
y(x) +
(x t) g(x) y(t) dt = f(x).
16.
y(x) +
(x t) g(t) y(t) dt = f(x).
17.
y(x) +
K(x t) y(t) dt = f(x). Renewal equation.
3. Fredholm Integral Equations of the First

Kind
3-1. Integral equations with kernels involving powerlaw functions
1.
|x t| y(t) dt = f(x).
2.
|x t|1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).
3.
|x t|k y(t) dt = f(x).
4.
|x t|k y(t) dt = f(x).
5.
|x t|1 y(t) dt = f(x).
6.
sign(x t) |x t|1 y(t) dt = f(x).
7.
[a + b sign(x t)] |x t|1 y(t) dt = f(x).

42
8.
t1[y(x + t) y(x t)] dt = f(x).
9.
(t x)1 y(t) dt = f(x).
10.
(t x)1 y(t) dt = f(x).

exponential or logarithmic functions
11.
e|xt| y(t) dt = f(x).
12.
ln|x t| y(t) dt = f(x). Carleman's equation.
13.
(ln|x t| + ) y(t) dt = f(x).
14.
ln (A/|x t|) y(t) dt = f(x).
15.
ln|(x + t)/(x t)| y(t) dt = f(x).

16.
cos(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
17.
sin(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
18.
y() dt = f(x), = x sin t. Schlomilch
equation.
43
19.
cot(t/2 x/2) y(t) dt = f(x).

3-4. Other integral equations
20.
tJ(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
21.
K0(|x t|) y(t) dt = f(x).
22.
23.
K(x t) y(t) dt = f(x). Wiener--Hopf equation
of the first kind.
4. Fredholm Integral Equations of the

Second Kind
4-1. Integral equations whose kernels contain
power-law functions
1. y(x)
(x t) y(t) dt = f(x).
2. y(x) + A
|x t| y(t) dt = f(x).
3. Ay(x) + B1
(t x)1 y(t) dt = f(x).
4. y(x) [(t x)1 (x + t 2xt)1] y(t) dt =

f(x). Tricomi's equation.
44

exponential or hyperbolic functions
5. y(x) +
6. y(x)
e|xt| y(t) dt = 0. Lalesco--Picard equation.
7. y(x) +
8. y(x) + A
9. y(x) +
{cosh[b(x t)]}1 y(t) dt = f(x).

10.
y(x)
cos(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
11.
y(x)
sin(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
12.
y(x)
sin(x t)(x t)1 y(t) dt = f(x).
13.
Ay(x) B(2)1
14.
y(x)
e(x t) cos(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
15.
y(x)
e(x t) sin(xt) y(t) dt = f(x).
cot(t/2 x/2) y(t) dt = f(x).
45

arbitrary functions
16.
y(x)
17.
y(x)
K(x t) y(t) dt = f(x). Wiener--Hopf
equation of the second kind.
Nonlinear Integral Equations

5. Nonlinear Integral Equations with Variable Limit of
Integration
1.
y(t) y(x t) dt = (Ax + B)ex.
2.
y(t) y(x t) dt = A2xex.
3.
y(t) y(x t) dt = A2 cos(x).
4.
y(t) y(x t) dt = A sin(x).
5.
f(t/x) y(t) y(x t) dt = Axex.
6. y(x) + A
y2(t) dt = Bx + C.
7. y(x) +
f(t) yk(t) dt = A.
8. y(x) +
(ax + bt)1 f(y(t)) dt = A.

46
9. y(x) +
f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
10.
y(x) +
(x t)n f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x),
11.
y(x) +
e(xt) f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
12.
y(x) +
sin[(x t)] f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
n = 1, 2, ...
6. Nonlinear Integral Equations with Constant Limits of

Integration
1.
g(t) y(x) y(t) dt = f(x).
2.
f(t) y(t) y(xt) dt = A.
3.
f(t) y(t) y(x/t) dt = Ax.
4. y(x) +
g(t) y(x) y(t) dt = f(x).
5. y(x) +
g(x) y(x) y(t) dt = f(x).
6. y(x) +
f(t) y(t) y(x/t) dt = 0.
7. y(x) +
f(t) y(x/t) y(t) dt = Axb.
8. y(x) +
f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
9. y(x) +
e(xt) f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
10.
y(x) +
g(x) f(t, y(t)) dt = h(x).

47
11.
y(x) +
|x t| f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
12.
y(x) +
e|xt| f(t, y(t)) dt = g(x).
Functional Equations
1. Linear Difference and Functional
Equations with One Independent Variable
1.1. Linear Difference and Functional Equations
Containing Unknown Function with Two Different
Arguments
First-order linear difference equations
1. y(x + 1) ay(x) = 0. First-order constant-coefficient
linear homogeneous difference equation.
2. y(x + 1) ay(x) = f(x). First-order constant-coefficient
linear nonhomogeneous difference equation.
3. y(x + 1) xy(x) = 0.
4. y(x + 1) a(x b)(x c)y(x) = 0.
5. y(x + 1) R(x)y(x) = 0, where R(x) is a rational
function.
6. y(x + 1) f(x)y(x) = 0.
7. y(x + a) by(x) = 0.
8. y(x + a) by(x) = f(x).
9. y(x + a) bxy(x) = 0.
10.
y(x + a) f(x)y(x) = 0.
48
Linear functional equations containing y(x) and y(ax)

11.
12.
y(ax) by(x) = 0.
y(ax) by(x) = f(x).
Linear functional equations containing y(x) and y(a x)

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
y(x) y(a x) = 0.
y(x) + y(a x) = 0.
y(x) + y(a x) = b.
y(x) + y(a x) = f(x).
y(x) y(a x) = f(x).
y(x) + g(x)y(a x) = f(x).
Linear functional equations containing y(x) and y(z),

where z = (x)
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
y(xa) by(x) = 0.
y(x) y(a/x) = 0.
y(x) + y(a/x) = 0.
y(x) + y(a/x) = b.
y(x) + y(a/x) = f(x).
y(x) y(a/x) = f(x).
y(x) + g(x)y(a/x) = f(x).
y(x) y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = 0.
y(x) + y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = 0.
y(x) + y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f(x).
y(x) y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f(x).
y(x) cy((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f(x).
y(x) + g(x)y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f(x).
y(x) + cy((ax )/(x + b)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
y(x) + cy((bx + )/(a x)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
y(x) + g(x)y((ax )/(x + b)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
49
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
y(x) + g(x)y((bx + )/(a x)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.

y(x) y((a2 x2)1/2) = 0.
y(x) + y((a2 x2)1/2) = 0.
y(x) + y((a2 x2)1/2) = b.
y(x) + y((a2 x2)1/2) = f(x).
y(x) y((a2 x2)1/2) = f(x).
y(x) + g(x)y((a2 x2)1/2) = f(x).
Linear functional equations containing y(sin x) and

y(cos x)
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
y(sin x) y(cos x) = 0.
y(sin x) + y(cos x) = 0.
y(sin x) + y(cos x) = a.
y(sin x) + y(cos x) = f(x).
y(sin x) y(cos x) = f(x).
y(sin x) + g(x)y(cos x) = f(x).
Linear functional equations containing y(x) and

y((x)), where ((x)) = x
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
y(x) y((x)) = 0, where ((x)) = x.

y(x) + y((x)) = 0, where ((x)) = x.
y(x) + y((x)) = b, where ((x)) = x.
y(x) + y((x)) = f(x), where ((x)) = x.
y(x) y((x)) = f(x), where ((x)) = x.
y(x) + g(x)y((x)) = f(x), where ((x)) = x.
50
1.2. Other Linear Difference and Functional Equations

Second-order linear difference equations, yn = y(n)
1. yn+2 + ayn+1 + byn = 0. Second-order constantcoefficient linear homogeneous difference equation.
2. yn+2 + ayn+1 + byn = fn. Second-order constantcoefficient linear nonhomogeneous difference
equation.
3. y(x + 2) + ay(x + 1) + by(x) = 0. Second-order constantcoefficient linear homogeneous difference equation.
4. y(x + 2) + ay(x + 1) + by(x) = f(x). Second-order
constant-coefficient linear nonhomogeneous difference
equation.
5. y(x + 2) + a(x + 1)y(x + 1) + bx(x + 1)y(x) = 0.
Other functional equations
6. Ay(ax) + By(bx) + y(x) = 0.
7. Ay(xa) + By(xb) + y(x) = 0.
8. y(y(x)) x = 0. Babbage equation (equation of
involutory functions).
9. y(y(x)) + ay(x) + bx = 0.
10.
y(y(y(x))) x = 0.
11.
Ay(x) + By((ax )/(x + b)) + Cy((bx + )/(a x)) =
f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
12.
f1(x)y(x) + f2(x)y((ax )/(x + b)) + f3(x)y((bx + )/(a
x)) = g(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
13.
yn+m + am1yn+m1 + ... + a1yn+1 + a0yn = 0. mth-order
constant-coefficient linear homogeneous difference
equation.
51
14.
yn+m + am1yn+m1 + ... + a1yn+1 + a0yn = fn. mth-order
constant-coefficient linear nonhomogeneous difference
equation.
15.
y(x + n) + an1y(x + n 1) + ... + a1y(x + 1) + a0y(x) =
0. nth-order constant-coefficient linear homogeneous
difference equation.
16.
y(x + n) + an1y(x + n 1) + ... + a1y(x + 1) + a0y(x) =
f(x). nth-order constant-coefficient linear
nonhomogeneous difference equation.
17.
y(x + bn) + an1y(x + bn1) + ... + a1y(x + b1) + a0y(x) =
0.
18.
ay(x) + by(x) + cy(x) + ... + y(x) = 0.
19.
y(anx) + bn1y(an1x) + ... + b1y(a1x) + b0y(x) = 0.
20.
y[n](x) + an1y[n1](x) + ... + a1y(x) + a0x = 0, y[n](x) =
y(y[n1](x)).
2. Nonlinear Functional Equations with One Independent
Variable
2.1. Functional Equations with Quadratic Nonlinearity
1. y(x + 1) ay2(x) = f(x).
2. y(2x) ay2(x) = 0.
3. y(2x) 2y2(x) + a = 0.
4. y(x)y(a x) = b2.
5. y(x)y(a x) = f 2(x).
6. y2(x) + y2(a x) = b2.
7. y2(x) + Ay(x)y(a x) + By2(a x) + Cy(x) + Dy(a x) = f(x).
8. y(x)y(ax) = f(x).
9. y(x2) ay2(x) = 0.
10.
y(x)y(xa) = f(x).
11.
y(x)y(a/x) = b2.
52
12.
y(x)y(a/x) = f 2(x).
13.
y2(x) + Ay(x)y(a/x) + By2(a/x) + Cy(x) + Dy(a/x) =
f(x).
14.
y(x)y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = A2.
15.
y(x)y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f 2(x).
16.
y2(x) + Ay(x)y((a x)/(1 + bx)) + By(x) = f(x).
17.
y(x)y((a2 x2)1/2) = b2.
18.
y(x)y((a2 x2)1/2) = f 2(x).
19.
y(sin x)y(cos x) = a2.
20.
y(sin x)y(cos x) = f 2(x).
21.
y(x)y((x)) = b2, where ((x)) = x.
22.
y(x)y((x)) = f 2(x), where ((x)) = x.
2.2. Functional Equations with
Power Law Nonlinearity
1. y(x + a) by(x) = f(x).
2. y(x)y(a x) = f(x).
3. y2n + 1(x) + y2n + 1(a x) = b, n = 1, 2, ...
4. y(x)y(a/x) = f(x).
5. y(x)y((a x)/(1 + bx)) = f(x).
6. y(x)y((ax )/(x + b)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
7. y(x)y((bx + )/(a x)) = f(x), = a2 + ab + b2.
8. y(x)y(xa) = f(x).
9. y(x)y((a2 x2)1/2) = f(x).
10.
y(sin x)y(cos x) = f(x).
2.3. Nonlinear Functional Equations of General Form
1. F(x, y(x), y(x + a)) = 0.
2. F(x, y(x), y(a x)) = 0.
3. F(x, y(x), y(ax)) = 0.
53
4. F(x, y(x), y(a/x)) = 0.

5. F(x, y(x), y((a x)/(1 + bx))) = 0.
6. F(x, y(x), y((ax )/(x + b))) = 0, = a2 + ab + b2.
7. F(x, y(x), y((bx + )/(a x))) = 0, = a2 + ab + b2.
8. F(x, y(x), y(xa)) = 0.
9. F(x, y(x), y((a2 x2)1/2)) = 0.
10.
F(x, y(sin x), y(cos x)) = 0.
11.
F(x, y(x), y((x))) = 0, where ((x)) = x.
12.
F(x, y(x), y(x + 1), y(x + 2)) = 0.
13.
F(x, y(x), y((ax )/(x + b)), y((bx + )/(a x))) =
0, = a2 + ab + b2.
14.
F(x, y(x), y(x + 1), ..., y(x + n)) = 0.
15.
F(x, y(x), y[2](x), ..., y[n](x)) = 0, y[n](x) = y(y[n 1+(x)).
16.
F(x, y(1(x)), y(2(x)), ..., y(n(x))) = 0
3. Linear Functional Equations with Several

Independent Variables
1. f(x + y)=f(x) + f(y). Cauchy's equation.
2. f(xy) = f(x) + f(y). Cauchy's logarithmic equation.
3. 2f(x + y) = f(2x) + f(2y). Jensen's equation.
4. f(x + y) + f(x y) = 2f(x) cosh y.
5. f(x + y) + f(x y) = 2f(x) cos y.
6. f((x2 + y2)1/2) = f(x)f(y). Gauss equation.
7. f((xn + yn)1/n) = f(x) + f(y).
8. f(x) + g(y) = h(x + y). Pexider's equation.
9. f(x) + (1 x)f(y/(1 x)) = f(y) + (1 y)f(x/(1
y)). Equation of information theory.
10.
f(1 x) + (1 x)f(y/(1 x)) = f(y) + (1 y)f(x/(1
y)).
11.
f(ax, ay) = f(x, y).
54
12.
f(ax, ay) = af(x, y). Equation of homogeneous
functions.
13.
f(ax, ay) = f(x, y).
14.
f(ax, ay) = af(x, y). Equation of self-similar
solutions.
15.f(x, y) + f(y, z) = f(x, z).
Cantor's first equation.
4. Nonlinear Functional Equations with

Several Independent Variables
1. f(x + y) = f(x)f(y). Cauchy's exponential equation.
2. f(xy) = f(x)f(y). Cauchy's power equation.
3. f(y + x)+f(y x) = 2f(x)f(y). D'Alembert equation.
4. f(x + y) = axyf(x)f(y).
5. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) af(x)f(y). Equation of the
theory probability.
6. f(x)g(y) = h(x + y).
7. f(x)g(y) + h(y) = f(x + y).
8. f(x + y)f(x y) = f 2(x). Lobachevsky equation.
9. (f 2(x)/2 + f 2(y)/2)1/2 = f((x2/2 + y2/2)1/2).
10.
f(x, y)f(y, z) = f(x, z). Cantor's second equation.
11.
M(f(x), f(y)) = f(M(x, y)).
12.
f1(x)g1(y) + f2(x)g2(y) + f3(x)g3(y) = 0. Bilinear
functional equation.
13.
f1(x)g1(y) + f2(x)g2(y) + f3(x)g3(y) + f4(x)g4(y) =
0. Bilinear functional equation.
14.
f(x) + g(y) = Q(z), where z = (x) + (y).
15.
f(t) + g(x) + h(x)Q(z) + R(z) = 0, where z = (x)
+ (t).
16.
f(t) + g(x)Q(z) + h(x)R(z) = 0, where z = (x) +
(t).
55

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Tipuri de

1.3. Equations of the Form ........................................................................................................ 19

3.3. Heat Equations of the Form ................................................................................................ 28

2. Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind.......................................................................... 40

Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations

18. y = f(x)y2 aexf(x)y + aex. Riccati equation,

22. y = f(x)y2 f(x)g(x)y + g(x). Riccati equation,

2. Second-Order Linear Ordinary

2.3. Ordinary Differential Equations Involving

3. Second-Order Nonlinear Ordinary

y y = f(y). Autonomous equation.

4. Higher-Order Linear Ordinary

16.anxny(n) + an 1xn 1y(n 1) + ... + a1xy + a0y = 0.

5. Higher-Order Nonlinear Ordinary

1. Linear Systems of Two Ordinary

2.Linear Systems of Three or More

5. x = h(t)y g(t)z, y = f(t)z h(t)x, z = g(t)x f(t)y.

3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Ordinary

3.2. Systems of Second-Order Ordinary Differential

4. Nonlinear Systems of Three or More

Ecuatii cu derivate partiale

wx + [f(x) + g(x)ey]wy = h(x).

1. awx + bwy = f(x)w.

2. First-Order Quasilinear Partial

4. awx + bwy = f(x)g(w).

3. First-Order Nonlinear Partial

4. (wx)2 + (wy)2 = f(x).

F(w, wx, wy) = 0.

1. Linear Parabolic Equations

2. Linear Hyperbolic Equations

6. wtt = a2(wrr+2r1wr) + (r, t). Nonhomogeneous wave

3. Linear Elliptic Equations

4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential

5. Fourth-Order Partial Differential

Nonlinear Partial Differential

7. wt = a(ewwx)x. Heat equation with a exponential

2. Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations

3. wtt = a2wxx + bew. Modified Liouville equation.

3. Nonlinear Elliptic Equations

3.2. Heat Equations of the Form

4. Other Second-Order Partial Differential

4.2. Monge-Ampere Equations

5. Third-Order Partial Differential

6. Fourth-Order Partial Differential

Systems of Partial Differential

2. Nonlinear Systems of Two Parabolic

7. ut = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w) ln u + ug(u/w), wt =

3. Nonlinear Systems of Two Elliptic

reactors, combustion theory, mathematical biology, and

4. Nonlinear Systems of Two Hyperbolic

4. utt = axn(xnux)x + uf(u/w) + u/w h(u/w), wtt =

5. Systems of Partial Differential Equations

6. ut = L[u] + uf(t, u/w) ln u + ug(t, u/w), wt = L[w] + wf(t,

Linear Integral Equations

(Ax + Bt + C) y(t) dt = f(x).

(x t)n y(t) dt = f(x),

(x t)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).

(x t)1/2 y(t) dt = f(x).

1-2. Integral equations with kernels involving