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    Polymer Gel-2-Eng

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    doubleuland
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of mobility ratio on the efficiency of gel emplacement. The study used micromodel experiments to observe how polymer gels with different viscosities (and thus mobility ratios) flowed through a porous media model. It found that a higher viscosity polymer gel with a lower mobility ratio was able to penetrate more small pores and regions preferred by oil flow compared to a lower viscosity polymer gel. This improved the ability of the gel to reduce permeability to water more than oil, improving the efficiency of gel emplacement for enhanced oil recovery.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Polymer Gel-2-Eng

    Uploaded by

    doubleuland
    108 views19 pages
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of mobility ratio on the efficiency of gel emplacement. The study used micromodel experiments to observe how polymer gels with different viscosities (and thus mobility ratios) flowed through a porous media model. It found that a higher viscosity polymer gel with a lower mobility ratio was able to penetrate more small pores and regions preferred by oil flow compared to a lower viscosity polymer gel. This improved the ability of the gel to reduce permeability to water more than oil, improving the efficiency of gel emplacement for enhanced oil recovery.

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    This document summarizes a study on the effects of mobility ratio on the efficiency of gel emplacement. The study used micromodel experiments to observe how polymer gels with different viscosities (and thus mobility ratios) flowed through a porous media model. It found that a higher viscosity polymer gel with a lower mobility ratio was able to penetrate more small pores and regions preferred by oil flow compared to a lower viscosity polymer gel. This improved the ability of the gel to reduce permeability to water more than oil, improving the efficiency of gel emplacement for enhanced oil recovery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    108 views19 pages

    Polymer Gel-2-Eng

    Uploaded by

    doubleuland
    This document summarizes a study on the effects of mobility ratio on the efficiency of gel emplacement. The study used micromodel experiments to observe how polymer gels with different viscosities (and thus mobility ratios) flowed through a porous media model. It found that a higher viscosity polymer gel with a lower mobility ratio was able to penetrate more small pores and regions preferred by oil flow compared to a lower viscosity polymer gel. This improved the ability of the gel to reduce permeability to water more than oil, improving the efficiency of gel emplacement for enhanced oil recovery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    THE EFFECTS OF MOBILITY RATIO


    ON THE EFFICIENCY OF GEL
    EMPLACEMENT
    Sugiatmo Kasmungin
    Azman Ikhsan
    Siew Wu Yow
    Ahmad Kamal Idris
    Enhanced Oil Recovery/Iimproved Oil Recovery Group
    Petroleum Engineering Department
    Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
    Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    INTRODUCTION

    Polymer gels are used to plug the water channels


    and block the water flows in the porous media
    Lack of understanding of the mechanism of gel
    emplacement leads to poor efficiency of gel
    emplacement in field applications
    Polymer gels reduce the permeability to water
    more than the permeability to oil
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    WATER AND OIL FLOWS IN GEL


    (Dawe and Zhang, 1994)

    Water flows through the water based gel as


    diffusion
    Immiscible oil forms droplets when
    penetrates through the gel
    The oil droplets flow as fingering
    Gel has higher resistance to oil compared to
    water
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    THE EFFECTS OF WETTABILITY ON


    PERMEABILITY REDUCTION
    (Nilson,Stavland and Jonsbraten,1998)

    In the oil-wet pore, water-based HPAM gel


    will be formed in the center of the pore
    The volume of the gel reduced due to
    syneresis (the acrylamide group hydrolyzed
    and reacts with the divalent cations)
    The remaining gel will block the flow of the
    water more than the oil because the oil can
    flow along the pore surface
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Matrix
    Oil
    Water

    Ge
    l

    Figure1: Gel on the center of the pore


    reduces permeability of water more than
    permeability of oil
    (Nilson,Stavland and Jonsbraten,1998)
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    THE EFFECTS OF WETTABILITY ON


    PERMEABILITY REDUCTION (CONT)

    In the water-wet pore, water-based gel


    flows along the pore surface
    The residual oil droplet formed in the center
    of the pore restricts the flow of the water
    Gel will be formed between the water layer
    and the oil droplet
    Gel reduces both the permeability of water
    and oil
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Matri
    x

    Water

    Gel

    Oil

    Figure 2: Gel forms between water layer and


    oil droplet reduces both permeability
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    MOBILITY CONTROL

    Mobility ratio:

    w
    o

    kw

    ko

    w
    o

    Mobility of the polymer can be improved


    by increasing the viscosity of the solution
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    MODEL

    Dimension: 11.3 cm x 5.4 cm x 0.05 cm


    Pore size: 60 to 250 m
    Coordinate number: 3 to 4
    Pore volume: 1.2 ml
    Absolute permeability: 2.8 D
    Porosity: 40%
    Wettability: Water wet
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Figure 3: Micromodel
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    METHODOLOGY
    Polymer solutions with viscosity of 20 cp and 54 cp
    are prepared by dissolving 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm
    polyacrylamide in 1000 ppm Na+ and 200 ppm Cr3+
    The model is saturated with brine (1000 ppm Na+) at
    0.34 ml/min
    Oil is injected at 0.15 ml/min followed by brine at
    0.34 ml/min
    This condition is set as the initial condition for every
    test run
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    METHODOLOGY (CONT)
    Polymer gel solution of 20 cp is injected at 0.15
    ml/min
    The flow mechanism of the gel solution is
    observed through the microscope and be recorded
    Experiment is repeated by using polymer gel
    solution of 54 cp
    Injection rate is maintained at 0.15 ml/min
    The flow mechanism of the gel solution is
    observed and be compared with the previous result
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS


    Type of fluids

    Brine

    Oil

    Polymer 1

    Polymer 2

    Concentration (ppm)

    1000

    1000

    2000

    Viscosity (cp)

    1.0

    3.35

    20

    54

    Permeability (D)

    2.8

    2.06

    6.84

    15.1

    Injection rate (ml/min)

    0.34

    0.15

    0.15

    0.15

    Pressure drop (atm)

    0.085

    0.170

    0.306

    0.374

    Mobiliti,

    2.80

    0.61

    0.34

    0.28

    4.59

    0.56

    0.46

    Mobiliti ratio,
    M

    solution
    oil

    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (CONT)

    Water-based polymer flows along the pore


    surface as wetting phase, water
    There are areas inaccessible to gel solution
    of 20 cp (mobility ratio of 0.56)
    Oil can flow easier in these areas compared
    to water (permeability of oil is higher)
    These areas can be penetrated by gel
    solution of 54 cp, which is more viscous
    (mobility ratio of 0.46)
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Oil

    Matrix

    75 m

    Polymer gel

    Figure 4: Polymer flows along the surface as


    wetting phase, water
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Polymer flows
    in water
    channel
    Inaccessible region
    of the polymer of 20
    cp

    120 m

    Water

    Matrix
    Oil

    Figure 5: Inaccessible region of polymer of 20 cp


    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    Polymer of 54 cp
    Regions preferred
    by oil penetrated by
    polymer having
    better mobility ratio
    (0.46)

    Water
    channel
    120 m
    Matrix

    Oil

    Figure 6: Regions preferred by oil penetrated by


    polymer of 54 cp
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    CONCLUSIONS
    With improvement in the mobility ratio, gel
    solution can penetrate into pores with
    higher oil permeability, thus improving the
    efficiency of gel emplacement
    Oil in the pores with higher oil permeability
    can be penetrated by gel solution of better
    mobility ratio
    September 11-12,

    Johor Bahru, Somche 2001

    THANK YOU

    September 11-12,

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