BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

3.0 BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ON

UNIFORM GRANULAR SOILS
Abdul-Baki, A. and Belk, L.A., 1970. Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sand. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM2, pp. 545-559.
Akinmusuru, J.O., 1982. A Method for Estimating Foundation Ultimate Capacity. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 22,
No. 2, pp. 89-91.
Al-Homoud, A.S., 1992. Probabilistic Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations. Proceedings of the
6th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics, and Structural and Geotechnical Reliability, pp. 352355.
Andersen, K.H., 1972. Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Cohesionless Soils. Internal Report No. 514041, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute.
Atkinson, J.H., 1981. Foundations and Slopes: An Introduction to Applications of Critical State Soil Mechanics,
John Wiley & Sons: New York, 382 pp.
Arai, K. and Tagyo, K., 1985. Limit Analysis of Geotechnical Problems by Applying Lower-Bound Theorem. Soils
and Foundations, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 37-48.
Balla, A., 1962. Bearing Capacity of Foundations. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE,
Vol. 88, No. SM5, pp.13-34.
Basma, A.A., 1994. Risk-Reduction Factor for Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations. Canadian Geotechnical
Journal, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 12-16.
Bennett, R.M., Hoskins, J.D. and Kane, W.F., 1989. Reliability-Based Analysis of Shallow Foundations.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, ASCE, pp. 2051-2054.
Biarez, J., Burel, M. and Wack, B., 1961. Contribution a l'Etude de la Force Portante des Foundations. Proceedings
of the 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 603-610 .
Bolton, M.D. and Lau, C.K., 1989. Scale Effects in the Bearing Capacity of Granular Soils. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 895-898.
Bolton, M.D. and Lau, C.K., 1993. Vertical Bearing Capacity Factors for Circular and Strip Footings on MohrCoulomb Soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vo. 30, pp. 1024-1033.
Browzin, B.S., and Collison, G.H., 1971. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sand. Journal of the Soil
Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol 97. No. SM1, pp 250-252.
Chang, C.S. and Chao, S.J., 1991. Discrete Element Method for Bearing Capacity Analysis. Computers and
Geotechnics, Vol. 12, pp. 273-288.
Chen, W.F., 1969. Soil Mechanics and Theorems of Limit Analysis. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations
Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. SM2, pp. 493-518.
Chen, W.F. and Davidson, H.L., 1973. Bearing Capacity Determination by Limit Analysis. Journal of the
Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM6, pp. 433-449.
Cherubini, C., 1990. A Closed-Form Probabilistic Solution for Evaluating the Bearing Capacity of Shallow
Foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 526-529.
1

Cherubini, C., 1993. discussion of Exact Probabilistic Solution of Two-Parameter Bearing Capacity for Shallow
Foundations, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 30, pp. 884-885.
Chu, S.-C. and Kuo, K.-J., 1993. Numerical Procedure to Compute Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, ASCE, pp. 14041408.
Crova, R., Jamiolkowski, M., and Lancellotta, R., 1989. discussion of Strength Parameters for Bearing Capacity of
Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 12, pp. 1816-1818.
Deaker, J.A., 1960. The Mechanism of Failure of Sand Foundations. Proceeding of the 3rd Australia-New Zealand
Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 87-92.
Deb, A.K., 1963. On the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings in Frictional Soils. Proceedings of the Second Asian
Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 161-163.
DeBeer, E.E., 1965. The Scale Effect on the Phenomenon of Progressive Rupture in Cohesionless
Soils.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 13-17.
DeBeer, E.E., 1965. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Sand. Proceedings of the
Symposium on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations, Duke University, pp. 15-33.
DeBeer, E.E., 1970. Experimental Determination of the Shape Factors and the Bearing Capacity Factors of Sand.
Geotechnique, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 387-411.
Easa, S.M., 1992. Exact Probabilistic Solution of Two-Parameter Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 29, pp. 867-870.
Eastwood, W., 1951. A Comparison of the Bearing Power of Footings on Dry and Inundated Sand. Structural
Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 332.
Feda, J., 1961. Etude Experimentale de la Force Portante d'un Sol sans Cohesion. Proceedings of the 5th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 635-642.
Feda, J. and Pruska, L. 1965. Bearing Capacity and Critical Load - Two Comments. Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 46-50.
Gemperline, M.C., 1988. Coupled Effects of Common Variables on the Behavior of Shallow Foundations in
Cohesionless Soils. Centrifuge 88, pp. 285-292.
Georgiadis, M., 1989. Depth of Rupture Surface Beneath Embedded Footings. Soils and Foundation, Vol. 29, No. 3,
pp. 163-167.
Ghahramani, A. and Sabzevari, A., 1973. Load-Displacement Analysis of Footings in Dry Sand. Proceedings of the
8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1.3, pp. 89-93.
Giroud, J.P. and Stutz, P., 1970. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sand. Journal of the Soil
Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM6, pp. 2148-2151.
Gottardi, G. and Butterfield, R., 1993. On the Bearing Capacity of Surface Footings on Sand Under General Planar
Loads. Soil and Foundations, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 68-79.
Graham, J. 1974. Plasticity Solutions to Stability Problems in Sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 11, pp.
238-247.
Graham, J. and Hovan, J-M., 1986. Stress Characteristics for Bearing Capacity on Sand Using a Critical State
Model. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 195-202.
Griffiths, D.V., 1982. Computation of Bearing Capacity Factors Using Finite Elements. Geotechnique, Vol. 32, No.
2

3, pp. 195-202.
Habib, P.A., 1974. Scale Effect for Shallow Footings on Dense Sand. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 100. No. SM1, p. 95.
Hansen, B., 1961. A General Formula for Bearing Capacity. Bulletin of the Danish Geotechnical Institute, No. 11.
Hansen, B., 1961. The Bearing Capacity of Sand, Tested by Loading Circular Plates. Proceedings of the 5th
International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 659-664.
Hansen, B.H. and Christiansen, N.H., 1969. discussion of Theoretical Bearing Capacity of Very Shallow Footings.
Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. SM6, pp.
Hansen, J.B., 1970. A Revised and Extended Formula for Bearing Capacity. Bulletin of the Danish Geotechnical
Institute, No. 28, pp. 5-11.
Hartikainen, J. and Zadroga, B., 1994. Bearing Capacity of Footings and Strip Foundations: Comparison of Model
Test Results with EUROCODE 7. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 457-460.
Holmberg, A., 1956. Influence of Foundation Depth on Cohesionless Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 6, pp. 115-117.
Hu, G.C.Y., 1970 discussion of Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sand. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM6, p. 2151.
Ingra, T. and Baecher, G.B., 1983. Uncertainty in Bearing Capacity of Sands. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,

ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 7, pp. 899-914.

James, R.G. and Tennekoon, B.L., 1975. Experimental and Theoretical Determination of the Bearing Capacity of a
Model Strip Footing on Sand. Proceedings of the 4th S.E. Asian Conference on Soil Engineering, pp. 4-33 - 4-46.
Jumikis, A.R., 1961. The Shape of Rupture Surface in Sand. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, p. 693-696.
Karafiath, L.L., 1970. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sand. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM6, pp. 2146-2148.
Karafiath, L.L., 1970. Shape Factors in Bearing Capacity Equation. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations
Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM4, pp. 1493-1497.
Karafiath, L.L., 1972. On the Effect of Base Friction on Bearing Capacity. Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 9, No.
1, pp. 9-17.
Kerr, A.D., 1989. Tests and Analyses of Footings on a Sand Base. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 83-94.
Ko, H.Y., and Scott, R.F., 1973. Bearing Capacities by Plasticity Theory. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM1, pp. 25-43.
Krizek, R.J., 1965. Approximation for Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Factors. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 91, No. SM2, pp. 1-3.
Kumbhojkor, A.S., 1992. Numerical Evaluation of Terzaghis N(. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol
119, No. 3, pp. 598-607.
Kutter, B.L., Abgahari, A. and Cheney, J.A., 1988. Strength Parameters for Bearing Capacity of Sand. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 491-497.
Larkin, L.A., 1968. Theoretical Bearing Capacity of Very Shallow Footings. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, No. SM6, pp. 1347-1357.
3

Larsen, P. and Ovesen, N.K., 1989. Bearing Capacity of Square Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 2077-2080.
Leshchinsky, D. and Marcozzi, G.F., 1990. Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: Rigid versus Flexible
Models. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 116, No. 11, pp. 1750-1756.
Lewandowska, J. and Dembicki, E., 1991. Bearing Capacity on Noncohesive Soil by Variational Method. Archive of
Hydroengineering, Vol. 38. No.3/4, pp. 117-126.
L'Herminier, R., Jabib, P., Tcheng, Y. and Bernede, J., 1961. Fondations Superficielles. Proceedings of the 5th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 713-717.
Lundgren, H. and Mortensen, K. 1953. Determination by the Theory of Plasticity of the Bearing Capacity of
Continuous Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 409-412.
Luong, M.P., 1982. Bearing Capacity and Shape Factors of Shallow Foundations. Numerical Methods in
Geomechanics. Reidel Publishing Co., Boston, pp. 547-556.
McAnally, P.A., 1983. Reliability of the Bearing Capacity Design of Shallow Footings in Sands. Proceedings of the
4th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Soil and Structural Engineering, Vol.
2, pp. 1545-1556.
Meimon, Y., Corte, J.F., Fargeix, D., and Flavigny, E., 1991. Model Validation for the Calculation of Shallow
Foundations. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1,
pp. 143-146.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1948. An Investigation of the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings on Dry Sand. Proceedings of
the 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 237-243.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1951. The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundations. Geotechnique, Vol. 2, pp. 301-332.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1953. An Investigation for the Foundations of a Bridge on Dense Sand. Proceedings of the 3rd
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 66-70.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1955. Influence of Roughness of Base and Ground-Water Conditions on the Ultimate Bearing
Capacity of Foundations. Geotechnique, Vol. 5, pp. 227-242.
Milovic, D.M., 1965. Comparison Between the Calculated and Experimental Values of the Ultimate Bearing
Capacity. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2,
pp. 142-144.
Moorhouse, D.C., 1972. Shallow Foundations. Performance of Earth and Earth Supported Structures, ASCE, Vol.
13, pp. 71-107.
Morgan, J.R. and Gerrard, C.M., 1971. Behavior of Sands Under Surface Loads. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM12, pp. 1675-1699.
Narahari, D.R. and Singh, A. 1964. Effects of Stratification on the Bearing Capacity of Footings on Sand. Journal of
the Indian National Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 228-238.
Oda, M., 1977. discussion of On the Influence of Progressive Failure on the Bearing Capacity of Shallow
Foundations in Dense Sand. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 71-77.
Oda, M. and Koishikawa, I., 1979. Effect of Strength Anisotropy on Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footing in a
Dense Sand. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 15-28.
Oda, M. and Furuto, Y., 1984. Meaning of Progressive Failure in Bearing Capacity of Shallow
4

Footing.

Transactions of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 14, pp. 263-265.
Okamura, M., Takemura, J., and Kimura, T., 1993. Study on Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings on Sand.
Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineering, No. 463, pp. 85-94.
Ovesen, N.K., 1974. Centrifugal Testing Applied to Bearing Capacity Problems of Footings on Sand. Geotechnique,
Vol. 24, pp. 394-401.
Pfeifle, T. and Das, B.M., 1979. Model Tests for Bearing Capacity in Sand. Journal of the Geotechnical
Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT9, pp. 1112-1116.
Pfeifle, T.W. and Das, B.M., 1979. Bearing Capacity of Surface Footings on Sand Layer Resting on a Rigid Rough
Base. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
Prakash, S., and Ghumman, M.S., 1978. Effect of Shape on Bearing Capacity of Model Footings in Sand. Journal of
the Institution of Engineers (India) Part CI: Civil Engineering Division, Vol. 59, CI3, pp. 185-191.
Recordon, E., 1984. Designing Shallow Foundations by a Probabilistic Method. Ingenieurs et Architectes Suisses,
Vol. 110, No. 9, pp. 135-141.
Singh, D.N. and Basudhar, P.K., 1993. Optimal Lower Bound Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings. Soils and
Foundations, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 18-25.
Sonpal, R.C. and Shah, K.R., 1979. Analysis for Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils. Proceedings of the 6th
Asian Regional Conderence on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 353-356.
Sparks, A.D.W., 1967. Factors of Safety and Other Aspects Relating to the Bearing Capacity of Foundations.
Proceedings of the 4th Regional Conference for Africa and Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 271276.
Steenfelt, J.S., 1977. Scale Effect on Bearing Capacity Factor N(. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1. pp. 749-752.
Subtahmanyam, G., 1967. The Efeect of Roughness of Footings on Bearing Capacity. Journal of the Indian National
Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 33-45.
Tatsuoka, F.O., Okahara, M., Tanaka, T., Tani, K., Morimoto, T. and Siddiquee, M., 1991. Progressive Failure and
Particle Size Effect in Bearing Capacity of a Footing on Sand. Geotechnical Engineering Congress, ASCE, Vol. 2,
pp. 788-802.
Tatsuoka, F., Tani, K., Okahara, M., Morimoto, T., Tatsuta, M., Takagi, S. and Mori, J., 1989. discussion of
Influence of the Foundation Width on the Bearing Capacity Factor. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 146154.
Terzaghi, K., 1943. Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons: New York, 510 pp.
Ueno, K., Miura, K., and Maeda, Y., 1998. Prediction of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Surface Footings with
Regards to Size Effects. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 165-178.
Verghese, A.C., 1972. Bearing Capacity Theory from Experimental Results. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. SM12, pp. 1311-1324.
Vecsi, A.S., 1973. Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM1, pp. 45-73.
Yamaguchi, H. Kimura, T. and Fuji, N. 1976. On the Influence of Progressive Failure on the Bearing Capacity of
Shallow Foundations in Dense Sand. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 11-22.
Yamaguchi, H., Kimura, T., and Fuji, N., 1977. On the Scale Effect of Footings in Dense Sand. Proceedings of the
5

9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 795-798.
Zadroga, B., 1994. Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Noncohesive Soils. Journal of Geotechncial
Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 11, pp. 1991-2008.
Zaharescu, E., 1961. On the Bearing Capacity of Rigid Foundations. Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 867-870.

6.0 BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ON OR NEAR SLOPES

Graham, J. Andrews, M. and Sheilds, D.H., 1988. Stress Characteristics for Shallow Footings in Cohesionless
Slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 238-249.
Huang, C.C. and Tatsuoka, F., 1994. Stability Analysis for Footings on Reinforced Sand Slopes. Soils and
Foundations, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 21-37.
Kovalev, J.W., 1964. The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Slopes. Sbornik Trudow, Wypusk 225,
Leningrad.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1957. The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Slopes, Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 384-386.
Saran, S., Handa, S.C., and Sud, V.K., 1983. Behaviour of Shallow Footings on Slopes. Proceedings of the
International Workshop on Soil-Structure Interaction, pp. 47-51.
Shields, D.H., Chandler, N. and Garnier, J., 1990. Bearing Capacity of Foundation in Slopes. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 116, No. GT3, pp. 528-537.
Shields, D.H., Scott, J.D., Bauer, G.E., Deschemes, J.H. and Barsvary, A.K., 1977. Bearing Capacity of Foundations
near Slopes. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol.
1, pp. 715-720.
Siva Reddy, A. and Mogaliah, G., 1975. Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Slopes. Indian Geotechnical
Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 237-253.
Takaaki, M., Tokumitsu, Y., and Kawakami, H., 1960. On the Bearing Capacity of a Slope on Cohesionless Soil.
Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 37Tatsuoka, F. and Huang, C.C., 1992. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Foundations in Slopes. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 118, No. GT12, pp. 1970-1974.

8.0 INTERFERENCE OF ADJACENT SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

Das, B.M. and Larbi-Cherif, S., 1983. Bearing Capacity of Two Closely-Spaced Shallow Foundations on Sand. Soils
and Foundations, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
Deshmukh, A.M., 1978. Interaction of Different Types of Footings on Sand. Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 8,
No. 4, pp. 193-204.
Desai, M.D. and Kate, J.M., 1975. discussion of Interference of Surface Footings in Sand. Indian Geotechnical
Journal, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 216-217.
Graham, J., Raymond, G.P. and Suppiah, A, 1984. Bearing Capacity of Three Closely-Spaced Footings on Sand.
Geotechnique, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 173-182.
Ricceri, G. and Simonini, P., 1989. Interaction Diagrams for Shallow Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 967-972.
6

Saran, S. and Agarwal, V.C., 1974. Interference of Surface Footings in Sands. Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 4,
No. 2, pp. 129-139.
Sivaram, B. 1975. discussion of Interference of Surface Footings in Sands. Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 5, No.
2, pp. 214-215.
Venugopal, K., 1975. discussion of Interference of Surface Footings in Sand. Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 5,
No. 3, pp. 215-216.

9.0 SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

Amar, S., Baguelin, F. and Canepa, Y., 1987. Compostment des Foundations Superficielles sous Charges Cycliques.
Bulletin des Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees, No. 149, pp. 23-28.
Andersen, K.H. and Lauritzsen, R., 1988. Bearing Capacity for Foundations with Cyclic Loads. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 5, pp. 540-555.
Budhu, M. and Al-Karni, A., 1993. Seismic Bearing Capacity of Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 181-187.
Budhu, M. and Al-Karni, A., 1993. authors reply to Seismic Bearing Capacity of Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 44, No.
1, pp. 186-188.
Conte, E. discussion of Seismic Bearing Capacity of Foundation on Cohesionless Soil. Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 122, No. 5, pp. 785-786.
Dormieux, L. and Pecker, A., 1995. Seismic Bearing Capacity of Foundation on Cohesionless Soil. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 3, pp. 300-303.
El Hakim, A. and Raymond, B.P., 1982. Repeated Loading of Footings on Sand Overlying Compressible Bases.
Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Symposium, pp. 597-602.
Fernandez, G. and Shahien, M., 1994. discussion of Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations.
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 9, pp. 1632-1634.
Fisher, W.E., 1962. Experimental Studies of Dynamically Loaded Footings on Sand. ASTIA Technical Bulletine No.
AD-290731, 43 pp.
Mencl, V. and Kazda, J., 1957. Strength of Sand During Vibration. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 382-383.
Raymond, G.P. and El Komos, F., 1978. Repeated Load Testing of a Model Plane Strain Footing. Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 190-201.
Richards, R., Elms, D.G., and Budhu, M., 1993. Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations. Journal
of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 119, No. 4, pp. 662-674.
Richards, R., Elms, D.G., and Budhu, M., 1994. closure to Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations.
Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 9, pp. 1637-1639.
Sarma, S.K. and Iossifelis, I.S., 1990. Seismic Bearing Capacity Factors for Shallow Strip Footings. Geotechnique,
Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 265-273.
Selig, E.T. and McKee, K.E., 1961. Static and Dynamic Behavior of Small Footings. Journal of the Soil Mechanics
and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 87, No. SM6, pp. 29-47.
Sexena, S.K., 1980. Bearing Capacity Under Seismic Loading. Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on
7

Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 242-248.

Shenkman, S. and Mckee, K.E., 1961. Bearing Capacity of Dynamically Loaded Footings. ASTM STP 305, pp. 7890.
Shikhiev, F.M. and Jakovlev, P.I., 1977. Calculation of Bearing Capacity of Foundations Subject to Seismic Loads.
Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 1664-1669.
Soubra, A.H., 1992. Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference
on Computational Plasticity, pp. 995-1006.
Soubra, A.H., 1994. discussion of Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 9, pp. 1634-1636.
Soubra, A.H., 1997. Seismic Bearing Capacity of Shallow Strip Footings in Seismic Conditions. Proceedings of the
Institution of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 125, pp. 230-241.
Soubra, A.H. and Reynolds, F., 1992. Design Charts for the Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings on Slopes.
Proceedings of the French-Italian Conference on Slope Stability in Seismic Areas, pp. 273-283.
Soubra, A.H. and Lemonnier, P., 1994. discussion of Seismic Bearing Capacity of Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 44, No.
4, pp. 185-186.
Vesic, A.S., Banks, D.C. and Woodard, J.M., 1965. An Experimental Study of Dynamic Bearing Capacity of
Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,
Vol. 2, pp. 209-213.
Zeng, X. and Steedman, R.S., 1998. Bearing Capacity Failure of Shallow Foundations in Earthquakes.
Geotechnique, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 235-256.

10.0 BEARING
FOUNDATIONS

CAPACITY

OF

ECCENTRICALLY

LOADED

SHALLOW

Abdel-Baki, S. and Raymond, G.P., 1972. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded
Footing. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol.??, No. ??, pp. 394-396.
Abedin, M.Z., Ameen, S.F., and Andrawes, K.Z., 1994. Stresses Under an Eccentrically Loaded Footing on a Sand
Layer. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp.
627-630.
Abghari, A., Kutter, B., and Cheney, J.A., 1987. Centrifuge Modeling of Bearing Capacity of Sand Under
Concentric and Eccentric Loading. Prediction and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 397-405.
Agrawal, R.K., 1994. Limit Analysis of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Proceedings of the 13th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 453-456.
Aiban, S.A. and Znidarcic, D. 1991. Shallow Footings on Sand Under Vertical Central, Eccentric and Inclined
Loads. Centrifuge 91, pp. 201-208.
Albert, L.F., 1981. Design of Shallow Foundations in Seismic Areas. Industria Italiana del Cemento, Vol. 51, No.
11, pp. 789-820.
Basu, A.K., 1975. Pressure Distributions and Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Footings on Cohesionless Soil Under
Double Eccentric Loads. Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 5, No.4, pp. 265-278.
Das, B.M., 1981. Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded Surface Footings on Sand. Soils and Foundation, Vol.
21, No. 1, pp. 115-119.
8

Dhillon, G.S., 1961. The Settlement, Tilt, and Bearing Capacity of Footings Under Central and Eccentric Loads.
Journal of the National Building Organization, Vol. 6, No.1, pp. 66.
Du Thinh, K. and Hansbo, S., 1985. The Rotational Stiffness of Strip Footings in Sand. Proceedings of the 11th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 2191-2194.
Eastwood, W., 1955. The Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded Foundations on Sandy Soils. Structural
Engineer, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 181-187.
Fedorovsky, V.G., 1989. Stability of Foundations Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 421-425.
Ghaly, A., Hanna, A., and El-Rahman, M.A., 1992. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely
Loaded Footing. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. ??, No. ??, pp. 396-398.
Georgiadis, M., 1989. Depth of Rupture Surface Beneath Embedded Footings. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 29, No.
3, pp. 163-167.
Georgiadis, M. and Butterfield, R., 1988. Displacement of Footings on Sand Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 199-212.
Highter, W.H. and Anders, J.C., 1985. Dimensioning Footings Subjected to Eccentric Loads. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol 111, No. 5, pp. 659-665.
James, R.G. and Tanaka, H., 1984. An Investigation of the Bearing Capacity of Footings Under Eccentric and
Inclined Loading on Sand in a Geotechnical Centrifuge. Proceedings of the Symposium on Recent Advances in
Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling, pp. 88-115.
Larsen, P. and Ovesen, N., 1989. Bearing Capacity of Square Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 2077-2080.
Lee, I.K., 1965. Footings Subjected to Moments. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil
Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 108-112.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1953. The Bearing Capacity of Footings Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads. Proceedings of the
3rd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 440-445.
Meyerhof. G.G. and Koumoto, T., 1987. Inclination Factors for Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 9, pp. 1013-1018.
Meyerhof, G.G. and Koumoto, T., 1989. Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Strip Footing Under Loads
Inclined in the Direction of Footing Length. Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning, No. 14, pp. 815.
Milovic, D.M., Touzot, G. and Tournier, J.P., 1970. Stress and Displacements in an Elastic Layer Due to Inclined
and Eccentric Load Over Rigid Strip. Geotechnique, Vol. 20, pp. 231-252.
Nadakumaran, P. And Senathipathi, K, 1981. Settlement and Tilt of Footings Under Eccentric Loads. Proceedings
of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics,
Vol. 2, pp. 737-740.
Prakash, S. and Saran, S., 1971. Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded Footings. Journal of the Soil Mechanics
and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM1, pp. 95-117.
Rymsza, B., 1991. Settlement of Eccentrically Loaded Foundations. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 533-534.
Salencon, J. and Pecker, A., 1995. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Under Inclined and Eccentric
Loads. Part I: Purely Cohesive Soils. European Journal of Mechanics and Applied Solids, Vol. 14, pp.349-375.
9

Salencon, J. and Pecker, A., 1995. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Under Inclined and Eccentric
Loads. Part II: Purely Cohesive Soils Without Tensile Strength. European Journal of Mechanics and Applied Solids,
Vol. 14, pp.377-396.
Saran, S. and Niyogi, B.P.G., 1970. A Model Study of Footings Subjected to Eccentric Inclined Load in Case of
Cohesionless Soils. Symposium on Shallow Foundations, India, Vol. 1, pp. 29-35.
Saran, S. and Agrawal, R.K., 1985. Limit Equilibrium Analysis of Footings Subjected to Eccentric-Inclined Load.
Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 99-103.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1989. Eccentrically-Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 11, pp. 1673-1680.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1991. Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 11, pp. 1669-1690.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1992. closure to Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal
of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. ??, pp. 398-400.
Sekiguchi, H. and Kobayashi, S., 1997. Limit Analysis of Bearing Capacity for a Circular Footing Subjected to
Eccentric Loads. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,
Vol. 2, pp. 1029-1032.
Sorochan, E.A., Snarsky, A.S., and Terenetsky, L.N., 1979. Experimental Studies of Parameters Defining Bearing
Capacity of Rectangular Foundation Footings Under Eccentric Application of Inclined Load. Proceedings of the 7th
European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 145-150.

11.0 BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS SUBJECT TO INCLINED

LOADING
Abdel-Baki, S. and Raymond, G.P., 1972. discussion of Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded
Footing. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol.??, No. ??, pp. 394-396.
Agrawal, R.K., 1994. Limit Analysis of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Proceedings of the 13th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 453-456.
Aiban, S.A. and Znidarcic, D. 1991. Shallow Footings on Sand Under Vertical Central, Eccentric and Inclined
Loads. Centrifuge 91, pp. 201-208.
Ameen, S.F., 19??. Settlement of Inclined Loaded Footings on Sand Layers. Proceedings of the 9th Asian Regional
Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 197-199.
Andrawes, K.Z., Kirkpatrick, W.M., Vafaeian, M., and Uzuner, B.A., 1985. Foundations Under Inclined and
Eccentric Loads. Proceedings of the 8th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 3-27-3-34.
Fedorovsky, V.G., 1989. Stability of Foundations Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 421-425.
Georgiadis, M. and Butterfield, R., 1988. Displacement of Footings on Sand Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 199-212.
Hanna, A.M. and Meyerhof, G.G., 1981. Experimental Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Footing Subjected to
Inclined Loads. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 18, pp. 599-603.
Jumikis, A.R., 1956. Rupture Surfaces in Sand Under Oblique Loads. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and
Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 8, No. SM1, pp. 1-26.
Jumikis, A.R., 1961. Shape of Rupture Surface in Dry Sand. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soil
10

Mechaics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 693.

Larsen, P. and Ovesen, N., 1989. Bearing Capacity of Square Footings on Sand. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 2077-2080.
Meyerhof, G.G., 1953. The Bearing Capacity of Footings Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads. Proceedings of the
3rd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 440-445.
Meyerhof. G.G. and Koumoto, T., 1987. Inclination Factors for Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 9, pp. 1013-1018.
Meyerhof, G.G. and Koumoto, T., 1989. Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Strip Footing Under Loads
Inclined in the Direction of Footing Length. Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning, No. 14, pp. 815.
Ricceri, G. and Simonini, P., 1989. Interaction Diagrams for Shallow Foundations. Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 967-972.
Salencon, J. and Pecker, A., 1995. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Under Inclined and Eccentric
Loads. Part I: Purely Cohesive Soils. European Journal of Mechanics and Applied Solids, Vol. 14, pp.349-375.
Salencon, J. and Pecker, A., 1995. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Under Inclined and Eccentric
Loads. Part II: Purely Cohesive Soils Without Tensile Strength. European Journal of Mechanics and Applied Solids,
Vol. 14, pp.377-396.
Saran, S. and Niyogi, B.P.G., 1970. A Model Study of Footings Subjected to Eccentric Inclined Load in Case of
Cohesionless Soils. Symposium on Shallow Foundations, India, Vol. 1, pp. 29-35.
Saran, S., Prakash, S. and Murthy, A.V.S.R., 1971. Bearing Capacity of Footings Under Inclined Loads. Soils and
Foundations, Vol. 11. No. 1, p. 47.
Saran, S. and Agrawal, R.K., 1985. Limit Equilibrium Analysis of Footings Subjected to Eccentric-Inclined Load.
Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 99-103.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1989. Eccentrically-Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 11, pp. 1673-1680.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1991. Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 11, pp. 1669-1690.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 1992. closure to Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing. Journal
of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. ??, pp. 398-400.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, R.K., 19??. A New Method of Designing Eccentrically - Obliquely Loaded Footings.
Proceedings of the 9th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 287

292.

12.0 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION TOWERS

Adams, J.I. and Hayes, D.C., 1967. The Uplift Capacity of Shallow Foundations. Ontario Hydro Research
Quarterly, first quarter.
Adams, J.I. and Radhakrishna, H.S., 1977. Uplift Capacity of Footings and Anchors for Transmission Towers.
Ontario Hydro Research Quarterly, first quarter.

11

12