1

Classical
aw; oGm; rsm; udk
vG,fulpGmavhvm
wD;cwfjcif;
a&TOD;p

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk

vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;}}
ed'gef;
,aeYacwfurm&GmBuD;jzpfvmaomtcg ,Ofaus;rItEkynmypnf;rsm;zvS,fjcif;onf vnf;
ydkrdkeD;uyfvmMuonf/ txl;ojzihf *DwtEkynmonf vli,fxktay: ydkrdkvTrf;rdk;aom tEkynm
jzpfvm ygonf/ okaYd omfvnf; *DwtEkynmypn;f wdik ;f udk wefz;kd &Sv
d o
S nf[k owfrw
S
f r&yg/ xdaYk Mumifh
vli,frsm;udjk yKpyk sK;d axmif&m t&nftaoG;&Sad om pHxm;xku
d af om tEkynmrsm;jzihf ydrk x
kd ad wGUapjcif;
onfom rSefuefaomvkyf&yfjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyif t&nftaoG;uif;rJhaom ay:yifqdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm;
*Dwrsm;pGmonf urmESihft0Sef;rIdvdkaygufaeMuonf/ xdk*Dwrsm;rSvnf; a0;a0;a&SmifaeEkdifatmif
BuKd ;yrf;Mu&rnf/ 'gqdv
k Qirf nfonf*h w
D rsK;d udk t&nftaoG;&Sd pHerlemxm;xdu
k af om *Dw[kac:qdMk urnf
enf;[laom ar;cGef;rSm ar;p&mjzpfvmygonf/pHjyKxdkufaom *Dwrsm;udk az:xkwfMu&mwGif acwft
qufqufynm&Sifrsm; oabmwlnDtav;xm;aom*Dwrsm;rSm *E 0 ifrSwfwrf;0if owfrSwfcH&aom
tEkynm ypnf;tjzpf ,aeYwdkifxifxif&Sm;&Sm; &SdaeMuygonf/ if;*Dwrsm;udk wl&d,mtrsKd;rsdK;jzifY
jyefvnfwD; cwfMu? avYvmcHpm;Mujcif;jzifY ynm&Sif 0goem&Sifrsm;pGmrS csOf;uyfaeMuygonf/
,aeYvli,fxkrS vlBuD;rsm;txd tvG,fwulxdaxGYEdkifaom wl&d,mypnf;wpfrsKd;rSm ]]*pfwm}}yif
jzpfygonf/ *pfwm jzifY acwfay:*Dwrsm;pGmudk cHpm;wD;cwfEdkifMuygonf/ xdkYtjyif classical *Dw[k
ac:aom*E0if*Dw udkvnf; jyefvnfpDrHwD;cwfEdkifonfomyifjzpfav\/ xdkYaMumifY pHxm;xdkufaom
t&nftaoG;&Sd *Dw rsm;udk if;wdkY\aemufcHordkif;aMumif;ESifYwuG wD;cwfenf;rsm;udk pmtkyf az:
jyxm;ygonf/ odaYk omf vnf; pmtkyt
f m;]]classical *pfwmwD;enf;}} pmtkyt
f jzpf rrSw,
f al pvdyk g/
]]classical}}aw;oGm; rsm;udk vufacsmif;rsm;jzifY tvG,fwulwD;cwfcHpm;Edkifatmif avYusifYwD;cwf
enf;omjzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY ]]classical oDcsi;f }}rsm;tm;wD;cwfenf;pmtkyo
f nf
oDcsi;f aemuf
cHordkif;aMumif;ESifYwuG aw;oGm;rsm;udk vufacsmif;rsm;jzifY ukwfwD;cwfNyD;cHpm; Edkif&efomjzpfonf/
odkYaomfvnf; ]]classical *pfwm}}wD;cwf vdkolwdkYtwGufvnf; tajccHjzpfonf[k qdkEdkifygao;onf/
*pfwmorm;rsm;twGuf rwwfvQif rjynfYpHk[kqdkEdkifaom vufacsmif;uav;rsm;jzifY wD;cwfenf;jzpf
vufcwfESifY vufacsmif; rsm;wGJvsufwD;cwfaom ]]hybrid picking}}wD;cwfjcif; twGufyg
taxmuftuljyKygvdrrYf nf/ ]]classical *pfwm}}wD;cwfjcif;[k owfrw
S Nf y;D avYusiYf vQiv
f nf; vG,u
f l
pGmavYusifYEdkifaom one line melody rsm;[k rSwf,lavYusifYEdkifMuNyD; tqifYjrifYwGJzuf melody,
harmony rsm;pGmjzifY wD;cwfaomtqifo
Y Ykd wjznf;jznf;a&muf&u
dS mcHpm;wD;cwfEikd Mf uygap[lvnf;
qEjyKvdkuf&ygonf/ ,ckpmtkyfudk wD;cwf avYusifYolrsm;onf tajccH*DwoauFwESifY *pfwmay:&Sd
note rsm; (Oyrm - time rsm;? signature rsm;? rhythm rsm;? note value rsm;ponfwdYk jzpfygonf/)
udk od&Sdem;vnfNyD;om;[k ,lqxm;ygonf/ tajccHvHk;0r&Sdao;ygu *pfwmqdkif? pmtkyfqdkifrsm;wGif
pma&;q&mtrsKd;rsKd;wkdY a&;om;xm;aom tajccHpmtkyfrsm;udk t&ifOD;qHk; 0,fzwfapvdkygonf/
*DwA[kokwrsm; wdk;yGm;Muygap

a&TOD;p

a&TOD;p

rl&if;pma&;ol\trSm
,ck a z:jyxm;aom *D w pk p nf ; rI r sm;onf oif Y t m;*pf w morm;wpf O D ; tjzpf
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf vmap&ef *Dwtpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifY tcsuftvufrsm; az:jyjcif;jzifYyHYydk; ulnDxm;ygonf/
jynf Y p H k v S a om solo rsm;ud k txl ; jyKaz:jy vG , f u l j cif ; rS c uf c J j cif ; od d k Y pD p Of x m;ygonf /
az:jyxm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;rSmvnf; avYusifYzG,f&m note oauFwrsm;eSifYwuG guitar
technique? ordkif;aMumif; history*Dw \vIyf&Sm;rI[efyefESifh *DwtESpfom&ponfh wdkUudkygwGJvsufaz:jyxm;ygonf/ orkdif;aMumif;udkvnf; tcsdefydkif; (5)ydkif; ydkif;jcm;xm;vsuf*Dw[efwdkUudk
az:jyxm;&mqkdif&mumvrsm;\wifjyaz:usL;ykHrsm;? *DwtEkynmcHpm;csufaoG;ckefEIef;ESifhenf;ynm
qkdif&mzGHUNzdK;vmjcif;rsm;ygwpfaphwpfapmif;owd jyKrdMuyg vdrfhrnf/ pmtkyfwGif az:jyxm;aom
*Dwrsm;onfuREkfyfjyefvnf arragement vkyfxm;aom Keyboard pieces rsm;? dk;&m folk
song rsm;? symphonies rsm; ESifh Classical e,fy,ftwGif; jzpfaom Medieval (11-15&mpk)
acwf? Renaissance (14-15&mpk) acwfESifh vSyEl;nHhrIrsm;pGmjzpfwnfvmaom Baroque
acwfrsm;rS *Dwtpdwt
f ydik ;f rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ udik w
f ,
G &f rnfh nger vufacsmif;rsm;ESihf Technique
rsm;pGmudkvnf; &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygonf/ oifhtaejzifhaz:jyxm;onfh*Dwrsm;udkrdrdbmomwpf
rsKd;wpfzkHudkifwG,fMunfhjcif;? jyxm;onfhtwkdif; r[kwfrlyJjcm;em;pGmwpfenf;wpfzkHzefwD;wD;cwfjcif;wdkU
udk prf;oyfrdcJhvQifvnf; *Dw[lonfrSm zefwD;wwfonfhpdwf? qef;opfaompdwful;rsm;tay:tajccH
onfqo
kd nfh twdik ;f rdr\
d awG;ac:rIaemufoUkd vdu
k yf gwD;cwfEikd yf gonf/ *Dwqdo
k nfrmS tpOftjrt
J opf
ay:vmjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;jynfhESufaeaom tEkynmjzpf *Dwpkpnf;rIrsm;udk oifhudk,fydkif[ef
yefudk az:jyzkdU&mtwGufoifonf jyKvkyfEdkifpGrf;&dSonf[k ,kHMunfrdygonf/
Lawrence Ferrara,
June / 1994 .

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

GUITAR SYMBOLS
Right Hand Fingering

(nmzufvuftTef;)
p
i
m
a
e

=
=
=
=
=

thumb (pulgar) (vufr)

index (indicio) (vufndK;)
middle (medio) (vufcv,f)
ring nger (anularis) (vufol<u,f)
little nger (menique) (vufoef;)

Left Hand Fingering (b,fvuftTef;)

0 = open string (vTwfBudK;)
1 = index nger (vufndK;)
2 = middle nger (vufcv,f)
3 = ring nger (vufol<u,f)
4 = little nger (vufoef;)
0
= a small circle by the head of a note indicates an open string.
4

(note ay:&Sd puf0dkif;av;onf open string udkTef;onf/)

= a small namber by the head of a note indicates the left hand nger.
(note ay:&Sd eHygwfrsm;onf udkifwG,f&rnfh b,fvufacsmif;rsm;udk Tef;onf/)

Position Symbols
I
= rst position.
II = second position.
III = third position.
C = ceja or capo (barre, bar).
CI = a full barre at the 1st fret (barre ac:vufacsmif;wpfacsmif;wnf;jzihf 1st fret

BudK;tjynfhudkifjcif;)
CII = a full barre at the 2nd fret (barre ac:vufacsmif;wpfacsmif;wnf;jzihf 2nd fret

wGiftjynfhudkifjcif;)

CI = a half barre in which only the three treble strings are stopped. A roman
numeral will always follow the half barre sign to indicate which fret to stop the
strings on.

(BudK; tjynfhrudkifyJ wpf0ufom barre udkifwG,fjcif;)(a&mr*Pef;rsm;onf vufuGuf (fret)

udkTef;ygonf/)
String Indicators
1
= rst string
4
= fourth string
2
= second string
5
= fth string
3
= third string
6
= sixth string
circled numbers indicate the string on which a note is to be played.

wGif

a&TOD;p

Harmonics
arm arm arm = natural harmonics (at indicated positions)
XII
VII
V
arm is an abbreviation for armonico, the Spanish word for harmonic. (arm onf
harmonic udkTef;aompydefpum;jzpfygonf/)
arm 8va = articial harmonic.
= natural or articial harmonic sounded at the pitch indicated by its location
on the staff.

Musical Signs And Abbreviations

f (forte) = loud.(cyfjyif;jyif;) p(piano) = soft. (El;nHhpGm)

1.

m(mezzo) = medium.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

sf

8.

rf

9.

(tv,ftvwf) mf(mezzo forte)(tv,ftvwfjyif;xefpGm)

crescendo = to get gradually louder. (wjznf;jznf;us,fvm)
decrescendo = to get gradually softer. (wjznf;jznf;wdk;oGm;)
staccato = to detach or separate. (toHjywfwD;jcif;)
accent = to stress or emphasize. (if; note tay:tm;pdkufjcif;)
sforzando = a heavy accent. (ydktm;pdkufjcif;)
rienforzando = a moderate accent. (taeawmftm;pdkufjcif;)
fermata = pause or hold. (acwqkdif;iHhqGJxm;jcif;)
mordent = a quick alternation between a principal tone, its lower neighbor

(below it in the scale), and then a return to the principal tone. (rlv note ESihf if;\

atmufzufwpfqihfedrfh note wkdYudk wvSnfhpDwD;jcif;)

10. tr ,

,trill = two adjacent notes played rapidly in alternation. (uyfvQuf note

ESpfckudk vQifjrefpGm wpfvSnfhpDwD;jcif;)

11.

tenuto = hold the note for its full value. (note udkwefzdk;tjynfhjzpf&efxdef;xm;jcif;)

12.

tie or slur = tie (same two notes), slur (two different notes). (note ESpfck-

udk wqufwnf; jzpfatmif wD;jcif;)

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

13.

a tempo = at the original tempo or to resume strict time. (rlvtptjrefEIef;)

14.

cresc. = abbreviation of crescendo _ means gradually louder. (crescendo \

twdkaumuf)
15.

dim. = abbreviation of diminuendo _ means gradually softer. (diminueudo

\twdkaumuf^ wjznf;jznf;wdk;oufvmjcif;)
16.
dolce = sweetly. (csKdjrpGm)
17.
Fine = the end. (tqHk;owf)
18.

legato = to play in a smooth and connected manner; as opposed to staccato.

(ajyjypfacsmarGUpGm qufpyfwD;cwfjcif;)
19.

ponticello = to play by the bridge. (bridge em;wGifwD;jcif;)

20.

rall. = abbreviation of rallentando - means becoming slower, to relax

the beat and reduce the tempo. (wjznf;jznf;ESihf aES;vmum wdk;wdk;oGm;jcif;) (*Dw\

tqHk;owfwGif awGU&\)
21.

ritard. or rit. = abbreviation of ritardando - means gradually slower.

(wjznf;jznf;aES;)
22.

tasto = to play by the ngerboard. (ngerboard em;wGifwD;jcif;)

23.

= repeat sign.

(jyefausmhwD;&ef sign)
The measures within the repeat sign that face each other are to be repeated.
2.
1.
24.
= rst and second endings. the second time
through the rst ending is skipped over and the second ending is played.

(yxrtBudrf(1)udkwD;NyD; jyefausmhwD;vmNyD; vQif (1) udk ausmf (2) udkwD;jcif;)

25.

D.C. al ne (da capo al ne) = repeat from the beginning and play to the

word ne. (tprSjyefausmhum ne txdwD;jcif;)

26.

D.C. al coda (da capo al coda) = repeat from the beginning and play to the

coda sign (

) and then skip to the coda. (tprS jyefausmhwD;um coda sign a&mufvQif

coda qDokdYausmf wD;jcif;)

27.

D.S al coda (dal segno al coda) = repeat from the sign (

to the coda sign (

qDokdYausmfwD;jcif;)

) and play

) and then skip to the coda. (sign oauFwrS jyefwD;um coda

a&TOD;p

10

Rest Stroke (Apoyando ) wD;cwfyHk

Rest stroke onf toHt;kd zufwiG f BuKd ;rsm;udk ydrk w
kd ek cf gtoHxu
G af pygonf/ Rest stroke
onf free stroke xuftoHydk jynfh0onf[k a,bk,srSwf,lEkdifygonf/
vufxm;okyd rkH mS yHw
k iG jf yxm;onft
h wkid ;f vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; t"dupwif&m large joint udk wD;cwf
aeaomBudK;rsm;\ tay:zufwGifxm;yg/ Oyrm - yxrBudK; (1st string) udkwD;aevQif large joint
onf 'kwd,BudK; (odkYr[kwf) wwd,BudK;ae&mwGif &Sdae&ygrnf/ toHxGufonfvufrS BudK;okdY pressure vkyfaom tuGmta0;tay:wGif rlwnfaeonf/ tuGmta0;tawmftoihf&Sdygap/ 'gayonfh
tuGmta0;b,favmufrS BudK;ay:okdY pressure vkyfonfjzpfap oihf&JUvufacsmif;av;atmufrSm
BudK;vIyfcwfoGm;wmudk cHpm;od&SdEkdifzdkYyJjzpfygonf/ BudK;udk ukwfwD;NyD; vTwfaomtcg rest stroke
wGif BudK;rsm;wavQmufqGJNyD;wD;oGm; Ekdifatmif AvmvTwfay;&ygrnf/ yHkrsm;wGif MunfhNyD;aoaocsmcsm
avhusihfyg/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

11

Free Stroke (Tirando) wD;cwfyHk

Free Stroke wD;cwfyHkudk yHkwGifjyxm;ygonf/ Free Stroke wD;cwf&m Large joint
onf wD;cwfqJBudK;ae&may:wGif xm;&SdaMumif;awGU&ygrnf/ aumif;pGmwD;cwfxm;aom Free
stroke toH onfvnf; rest stroke uJhokdY jynfh0pGmay:xGufapygonf/ Free stroke wGif
BudK;udk toHtdk;twGif;okdY wwfEkdiforQ vIyfcwfygap/ vufacsmif;onf wD;cwfNyD;vQif vufzaESmifhESihf
rsufESmcsif;qkdif wnfhwnfhrwfrwf&Sdygap/

a&TOD;p

12

Ode to Joy (From Symphony No. 9, op 125)

(Ludwing van Beethoven)

S cf &H aom aw;oGm;onf Beethoven \

*E0 ifajrmuftEkynmypn;f wpf&yftjzpf owfrw
Symphony No.9 *DwaemufqHk;tydk'f\ t"duaw;oGm;jzpfNyD; *Dwtm;vHk;wGif pD;arsm0ifEkdifpGrf;&Sd
aom aw;oGm;jzpfonf/ Beethoven onf if;\em;tMum;tmHv
k ;kH 0 aysmufu,
G cf sed f 1823 ckEpS w
f iG f
a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpf&m ola&;om;cJhorQwGif ESvHk;om;jzihf Mum;a,mifa&;om;cJh&aom wpfckwnf;aom
*Dwjzpfavonf/ em;rMum;aom a&m*guyif Beethoven tm; omrefcHpm;rIxufausmfvGefNyD;
r&SdcJhaom t&mwpfckudkESif;tyfawGU&SdapcJhav\/ aw;oGm;tm; "double bass" rsm;ESihf "cello"
rsm;jzihf pwifxm; NyD; chorus wGifvnf;jyefvnfum xnfhoGif;wD;xm;\/ pmom;udkawmh Schiller
\ "ode to joy" rS ,loHk;xm;onf/
Sing then, of the heav'n - descended
Daughter of the starry realm,
Joy by love and hope attended,
Joy whose raptures overwhelm!
Joy whose magic re-uniteth
All that custom sternly parts;
Brothers all whom joy delighteth,
Reconciler sweet of hearts!
Ye who own the crowning treasure,
Loyal heart of faithful friend,
Ye whose love is woe and pleasure,
To our strain your voices lend.
aw;oG m ;ud k ]]toH j ynf h whole tone}} ES i h f ]]toH w pf 0 uf semi-ton}} rsm;jzih f
csdwfqufa&;xm;NyD; bar No. 9 a&mufrS Major 3rd toHokdY qif;oGm;onfudkawGU&onf (E note
rS C note odkY)/ bar No.12 wGifawmh Major 6th okdYjyefwufxm;aMumif;awGUEkdifygonf (G note
rS E notokdY)/
No. 1 BudK; 3rd fret \ G note udk b,fvufol<u,fjzihfwD;cwf&aomtcgtay:rS
No.2 BudK; 3rd fret \ D note onfteD;qHk;tqufpyfqHk;jzpfaMumif; awGUEkdif\/ Note rsm;ay:
wGif 3rd fret note ESpfckudk vufol<u,fjzihfzd&efjyxm;av\/ ydkrdktqihfjrihfvmaomwD;uGuf
rsm;rSmawmh aw;oGm; wpfaMumif;wnf;r[kwfyJwGJzuf note rsm;ESihf ygwpfNydKifwnf;wD;&aomtcg
if; note rsm;udkvufoef; jzihf udkifwG,f&onfhtcgrsKd;awGU&wwf\/ xdkYaMumifh vufol<u,ftjyif
vufoef;jzihfygudkifwG,f avhusihf Munfhoihf\/ wD;cwfpOf pdwfxJwGif aw;oGm;udk vdkufqdkaeyg/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

13

a&TOD;p

14

Minuet

(Johann Krieger)

Johann Krieger onf *DwpmqdBk u;D Bach rwdik rf u

D Keyboard Music a&;zGUJ oljzpf
*smref Organ orm;rsm;pGmxJrS xif&Sm;olwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ ,ck Minuet tm; 1697-98
ckESpftwGif; Krieger onf oD;jcm; Keyboard work ESpfcktm; zefwD;xkwfa0jzefYcsDpOfumv
a&;zGJUcJhonf[k qdkMu\/ tv,f tvwfoHk;csufpnf;e&D (M.M.d = 152) jzihfwD;cwf&NyD;l wwd,
beat rsm;rSmaemufvmrnfh bar twGuf pick up note ozG,fjzpfae\/ oDcsif;pwifonfh Open
string udkrwD;cif qufwkdufvmrnfh C ESihf A note wkdYtwGuf b,fvufudkBudKwifjyifqifxm;yg/
aw;oGm;pwifjcif;onf A minor chord \ arpeggio jzpfygonf/ if; single line melody
udkwD;cwfpOfwpfavQmuftay: BudK;BuD;rsm;udk toHrxGuf rdapatmif *kpdkufyg/ tay:BudK;BuD;rsm;
(basse BuKd ;rsm;) udt
k oHxx
kH m;atmif oif\vufrudk b,fzufoYdk tomapmif;umxdxm;ay;vQif xdk
bass BuKd;BuD;rsm;wkefcgrIjzpfjcif;udk umuG,fNyD;om; jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ nmzufvufrjzihf 4th string
ay:&Sd E note udk wD;cwfjcif;aMumifh qufwdkufwD;&rnfh 1st string qDokdYwD;&mwGif ydkrdktqifajy
apygonf/ free stroke jzihfom bar 13 &Sd crescendo oauFw txd wD;cwfvQif qufvufNyD;
rest stroke jzihfwD;cwfaomtcg *Dw\pD;arsmrIrSm ydkrdktouf0if apygonf/ bar 17 okdYta&muf
mezzo piano oauFwae&mrS jyefNyD; free stroke udkwD;cwfyg/
Minuet [laom pum;vkH;rSm jyifopfpum; "menu" (ao;i,fjcif;) rSvmNyD "Baroque
acwf (16-17 &mpk*w
D acwf)\ vSynufanmaom tvGeaf jcvSr;f pdyaf om tuwpfrsK;d udq
k v
kd o
kd nf/
xdkacwfwGif *DwwD;cwfolrsm;onf*Dw\xyfumwvJvJwD;aomtydk'fwkdYwGifrdrdbmomvGwfvyf
pGmvufwef; jznfhpGufwD;cwfavh&SdMu\/ oihfavsmfaom ]]wefqmqif note rsm; ornament"
jzihf wD;cwfonfudk awGUEkdifNyD; rlva&;pyfxm;jcif;xuf wpfcgwpf&HydkrdkcufcJpGm wD;cwf&wwf\/
]]wefqmqif note, ornamnet}} udk ae&mwGif tenf;i,f &Sif;jyxm;vQif oihftwGufa&SUquf
if;ESihfywfoufNyD; ydkrdkjynfhpHkatmifwD;Ekdif&ef jyifqif&m a&mufyg vdrfhrnf/ atmufwGif measure 2
F note ay:wGif "mordent" oauFwjyxm;NyD;wD;cwf&rnfhyHkyg nmzufwGif jyxm;\/ measure
4 wGif E note ay: "trill" oauFwESihfywfouf jyxm;\/ measure 8 tcsydk'fwGif "trill"
udk B note ay:xm;vQif ydkrdkoihfavsmfaMumif;jyxm;onfudk awGU&ygrnf/ a&SUwGifvmrnfh oDcsif;
"Bourree" wGif wD;cwfEkdifatmif,ckjyxm;onfudk oabmayguf&ef tm;xkwf &ygrnf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

15

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16

Bourree
(Johann Krieger)

a&SUrS "minuet" udk ausnufcv

hJ Qif ,ck bourr'ee onf key a&m style ygodyNf y;D jcm;em;jcif;
r&Sd tvG,fwulwD;cwfEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ bourree onf minuet wD;NyD;vQif wGJzufwD;cwf&jcif;jzpfy
gonf/ pHxm;onfh Baroque suite wGif bourree onf minuet aemufrS vdkufrnfokdYr[kwf 5th
movement tjzpf minuet ae&mwGif tpm;0ifrnfjzpf\/ yHkrSefjzpfaom Baroque suite wpf
wGJrSmum; u@rsm;cGJ xm;aom tpDtpOfwef;wpfck yg0ifNyD; ]]pwifrdwfqufaom*Dwtpdwftydkif;
Prelude" ESihf pwifjcif;udk psmef0ifuckefaom dance tpdwftydkif;rS qufvufvdkufygjcif;jzihf
zG J U pnf ; onf / Bourree onf tv,f tvwf t jref E I e f ; rS jref v maom double meter
ESpfcsufpnf;e&DxJu&aom ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;aom tu wpfrsKd;[kqdkEkdifNyD; udk,fydkifuGJjym;aom pwif
jcif;trSwftom;wkdYyg&Sd\/ (M.M.d=160)
Bourree udk bar wpfc\
k pwkw beat rS quarter note udk up beat ae&mwGif pwifNy;D xdyk pkH H
twkdif; bourree wpfavQmufrajymif;vJyJwD;oGm;&ygonf/ xdkyHkpHudk rodromav;,laqmifoGm;ap
&ygonf/ Bourree \ o@efudk rhythm pattern |

| twkdif;yHkrysuf o,faqmif

wD;cwfap&rnf/ 1 position wGif wD;cwfNyD;vufuGufusJwD;&jcif;udk oufawmifhoufomjzpfap&ef

st

2nd string ay:&Sd D note tm;vHk;udk vufoef;jzihf zdESyfwD;cwfyg/ measure (0g) bar 5, 6 &Sd
mordent wD;cwfyHkrsm; measure 3, 7, 11 &Sd tcsydk'f trill rsm;? measure 2 &Sd ornament
trill rsm;wD;cwfyHkwkdYudk atmufwGif nDrQjcif; sign jzihfjyxm;ay;ygonf/ t&ifwD;cwfMunfhNyD;rS
oDcsif;udkavhusihfoihfygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

17

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18

La Bourree
(Michael Praetorius)

1612 ckESpfwGif Michael Praetorius onf "Terpsichore" [kac:aom French

dance 300 ausmfudk pkpnf;xkwfa0cJhonf/ ,ck Bourree onf Tersichore rSjzpfNyD;
if;udkxkwfa0csdefrsm; vlxkonf *DwyHkpHrsKd;jzihf tursm;uckefaeMuqJjzpfygonf/ rsm;pGmaom
instrumental dance rsm;wGif vSyaom melody rsm;ESihf vIyf&Sm;ouf0ifvSaom rhythm udk
t"duwnfxm;um guitar solo twGufaumif;pGm wnfaqmufcJhMuonf/ Michael Praetorius
twGufawmh dance music udkwD;cwf&ef instrumental music ESihfywfouf pOf;pm;&jcif;rSm
tvGefoufawmifhoufom&SdvS\/ olonf wl&d,mpGJrxm;yJ wl&d,mtrsKd;rsKd;udkvGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,f
a&;pyfcJh\/ bourree udk basson uJhokdY ]]avrIwfwl&d,m woodwind instrument" wkdYjzihf
rMumcPwD;cwfavh&Sdygonf/
yxrqHk; bar &SpfcktwGif; 'kwd, beat wdkif;wGif staccato wD;cwfjcif;onf movement
tm; pnf;csufusus jywfjywfom;om; toHxGufapouJhokdY jzpfaeygonf/ wdusjywfom;aom
toHtm; 'kw,
d beat ay:wGif jyKvyk x
f m;jcif;onf bourree tm; ydrk t
kd ouf0ifapygonf/ (M.M.d
= 184) bar 9 or measure 9 wGif "bridge em;wGif uyfNyD;wD;aom ponticello" udkwD;&m
nmzufvufarmif;udk bridge em;okdY tomESdrfha&TUvdkufNyD; guitar body atmufzuftauG;em;okdY
qkwfwD;jcif;jzihf vufarmif; udkjrihfvdkufp&mrvdkyJ wD;&rnf/ if;uJhokdY wD;cwfygrS vufarmif;onf
oufawmifhoufomjzpfNyD; bridge em;uyf wD;cwfaom "ponticello" wD;cwfjcif;tm; aumif;
pGmxdef;csKyfwD;cwfEkdifygvdrfhrnf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

19

a&TOD;p

20

Greensleeves
(16th Century English Traditional)

Greensleeves onfESpfaygif; 400 ausmfoufwrf;&SdaeNyDjzpfaom ausmfMum;vSonfh

English aw;oGm;wpfyk'fjzpfygonf/ t,fvDpbuf (Queen Elizabeth) bk&ifrBuD;\zcif
Henry VIII rS a&;zGJU cJhonf[k qdkMuygonf/ &SdwfpyD;,m; (Shakespeare) uvnf; if;\
"The Merry Wives of Windsor" wGif Greensleeves tm; Zmwfaumif Falstaff \
atmf[pfajymqdak om pum;xJwiG x
f nfo
h iG ;f azmfjy cJyh gonf/ "Let the skie raine Potatoes: Let
it thunder, to the tune of Greensleeves" [l azmfjy cJh\/ 17 &mpkESpfwGifrl c&pfprwfumdk;
(Christmas Carol) wpfyk'fjzpfaom "The Old Year Now Away Has Fled" wGif
xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKcJhNyD; 19 &mpkwGif "What Child Is This"? toHk;jyKcJhMuygonf/ t*FvdyfvlrsKd;
Composer wpfOD;jzpfol Vaughn Williams rSvnf; vSynufanmaom

oHpHkwD;0dkif;[ef

orchestral version jzihf a&;zGJUcJhygao;onf/

aw;oDusL;[efyefjzpfaeap&ef oufawmifhoufom tempo jzihf (M.M.d = 132
cefY) wD;cwf&ef tBuHjyKxm;ygonf/ measure (0g) bar 7 wGif b,fvufudk vufoef;jzihf F#
note wD;csdefwGif zGihfum; wD;cwf&efjzpfNyD; G# note udkzdxm;aom vufndK;udkqufvufzdxm;
NyD; vufoef;udk zdwD;&efvnf; tBuHjyKxm;ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf G# note rSm F# note
NyD;vQif jyefwD;&aomaMumifhjzpf\/ F# note udkvufoef;jzihf wD;cwf&mwGifvnf;xdkvufndK;rSm
txdef;tuGyfozG,fvnf; jzpfaeygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

21

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22

Bagatelle, Op. 68
(Robert Schumann)

*D w pmqd k Robert Schumann onf wd k a wmif ; aom aw;qk d & onf h piano
*Dwrsm;a&;zGJU&mwGif emrnfausmfMum;NyD;dk;pif;aom if;\ melody xJwGifwefzdk;&dSvSaom if;\
udk,fykdif[efudk ay:vGifapyg onf/ ,ck Bagatelle ( " Little piece " [kvnf;ac:\/) onf
1848 ckESpftwGif; if;a&;zGJUcJhaom piano *Dwpkpnf;jcif;jzpfonfh "op.68" (0g) "Album for
the young" xJrS jzpfygonf/
aw;oGm;\ atmufzufvikd ;f rS xyfumwvJvyJ g0ifaeaom G pedal note udk aw;oGm;wpf
avQmufxdef;wD;oGm;&rnf jzpfNyD;if; note u yiftay:rS aw;oGm;vdkif;tm; ydkrdktouf0ifapygonf/
pedal point (G note) udk ]]wdk;&mrSus,fvm crescendo}} ESihf ]]us,f&mrS wdk; diminuendo}} wkdYjzihf yHkazmfxm;onf/ melody udk ]]rest stroke}} rsm;jzihf pwifyg/ xdkYaemuf measure
2 ESihf 3 wGifa&SUrS pedal point wD;cwfxm;onfudk ]]toH&Sdefxdef; (sustain)}} xm;&rnfjzpf
"free stroke" udk ajymif;vJ wD;cwfyg/ measure 3 wGif wwd, beat &Sd

melody note

jzpfaom A note (3rd string 2nd fret) udk vufrjzihf wD;cwfyg/ odrYk o
S m nmvufw;D cwfjcif;tm;
aemufvmrnfh bar rsm;twGuf jyifqifEdkifyg vdrfhrnf/ "free stroke" ESihf "rest stroke"
tjyeftvSefajymif;vJwD;cwfpOfwGif toHxGufudkawmh nDatmif xdef;odrf;xm;&rnf/ free stroke
udk wD;cwfvQifawmh toHudkeufdIif;EdkiforQ eufdIif;atmif wwfEkdiforQ wD;cwfyg/ tempo udkawmh
tv,ftvwf (M.M.d = 116) udkom a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

23

a&TOD;p

24

Country Dance
(Fernando Carulli)

tuESihf ywfoufaom wl&d,m*Dwrsm;a&;pyf&m *DwyHkpHudk ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;aeaom [efjzpf

ap&ef pOf;pm;a&;pyfMuonf csnf;jzpfygonf/ ,ck Country Dance wGifvnf; twkdif;yif/
vI y f & S m ; ouf 0 if a&GUvsm;yHkpHjzpfap&ef measure wkdif;\ yxr beat wkdif;wGifcyfjyif;jyif;
wD;cwfjcif;jzihf a&;zGJUwD; cwfxm;\/ xdkokdY wD;cwfjcif;onf oDcsif;wpfavQmufvHk;jzpfygonf/
yHpk jH zihf wD;cwfvmjcif;udk tm;aumif;vSaom "cadence tcsy'kd "f rsm;qDoYdk o,faqmifvmjcif;jzihf
tqHk;owfjyxm;\/ (measure 8, 16, 24) Country Dance wpfavQmufvHk;udk free stroke
jzihfom wD;cwfyg/ i ESihf m udk wD;cwf&NyD; if;vufESpfacsmif;udk eD;uyfpGmjzihf wpfacsmif;ESihf
wpfacsmif; tomxdxm;NyD; wD;cwfyg/ i ESihf m note rsm;wD;cwfNyD;vQif vTwfvdkufaomtcg vufrudk
taemufzufokdY eJeJav;qkwfNyD; wD;cwfyg/ vufru bass string rsm;udk wD;cwfvdkufpOf i ESihf m
udk wpfwGJwnf; vkyfxm;yg/ i ESihf m vufacsmif; wkdYudk wD;cwfjcif;tm; vufrESihfwGJzuf tqif
ajyatmifwD;cwfEkdifjcif;onf aw;oGm;wD;cwfjcif; twGuf t"dutcsufyifjzpf\/ xyfumxyfum
yg0ifaeaom note (melody) rsm;aMumifhvnf; oDcsif;rSm touf0ifaeygonf/ xdkYtjyif guitar
udk bif*sKu
d o
hJ Ydk toHxu
G af tmif wD;cwfavhusiyfh gu Country Dance {uefpifppfyHk ay:vmygrnf/
oihfawmfaom tempo rSm M.M.d = 144 jzpfygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

25

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26

Etude, Op. 60, No. 1

(Fernando Sor)

wD;csifpzG,f oifcef;pmudk Fernando Sor \aemufqkH; etude rsm;rS ,lxm;NyD;if;udk

jzefUcsd onfhumvrSm 1836-37 jzpfygonf/ ,ckoifcef;pmwGif rst position Scale
udkajyjypfpGmwD;cwfwwf &efpDpOfxm;NyD;aw;oGm;\ section BwGif open third string note
jzpfaom G note udkrdwfzufoHtjzpf wD;pOftwGif; melody ukdaumif;rGefpGmwD;cwfEkdif&efoifMu
m;ay;xm;onf/ Sor nTefMum;xm;onfrSm measure 3,4,6,10 ESifh12wkdU&dS second string,
third fret D note tm; vufoef;jzifhwD;cwf&efESifh 3,8ESifh 9 wdkU&dS rst string G note
tm;vufoef;jzifh zdESdyfwD;cwf&efjzpfonf/ b,fzufvuf\ vufoef;ukd tokH;jyKwD;usifhjcif;onf
toHpv
Hk ifpmG wD;cwf&aomtcgtvGeyf iftok;H wnfv
h yS gonf/ odUk aomfvnf; pma&;oltMujH yKvo
kd nfrmS
(3rd nger) vufol<uG,fjzifhwD;cwfjcif; jzifhpwifavhusifhNyD; wpfqifhwuf uRrf;usifvmrS om
vQifvufoef;ukdtpm;xkd;avhusifh&eftMuHjyKvkdygonf/ measure 3ESifh4wdkUwGif wD;cwf&efjyxm;
aomtoHtwk;d tus,jf yxm;csuu
f v
kd nf; vdu
k ef mwD;cwfavhusiafh pcsiyf gonf/ if;udk avhusijhf cif;jzifh
aw;oGm;\obm0udkay:vGifatmif wD;cwfEdkifaom t&nftaoG;&&dSvm apygonf/ measure
10 rS 12wdkU\ top part udk (0g) melody line udktxl;*kjyKNyD; free stroke jzifhjynfhjynfh00
wD;cwfyg/ aemufqkH; bar (0g) measure rSmawmh vufr (p) jzifh bass note CukdwD;cwfvkdufpOf
[(i)(m)(a)] vufndK;? vufcv,f? vufol<u,fwdkUjzifh wNydKifwnf;wD;cwf&rnfh C major chord
twGufjyifqifxm;vkdufyg/ xkd C major chord udk yDyDooMunfvifpGmtoHxGufygap/ Tempo
udkawmh M.M. = 200 jzifhtMuHjyK yg&ap/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

27

a&TOD;p

28

Tell Me, Daphne

(William Byrd)

aw;oG m ;ud k Queen Elizabeth I vuf x uf England Keyboard

*DwwGifrsm;pGmaom Version trsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzihf a&;zGJUwD;cwfMuav\/ English composer jzpfol
William Byrd onf "Go No More a - Rushing" [l Version jyKvkyfxm;apumrl
Queen Elizabeth vufxuf Keyboard *Dw pmtkyftm;vHk;wGif "Tell Me, Daphne"
[laom acgif;pOfjzihf csnf;awGU&ygonf/
aw;oGm;av;onf A minor key ESihf C major key wkdYwGif scale wD;cwfjcif;udk
zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wuf apygonf/ ydrk
kd wk;d wufr&I &Sad p&ef ig;vH;k wGv
J maom Scale note rsm;udk free stroke
ESifh rest stroke ESpcf v
k ;kH jzihf wD;cwfyg/ pma&;oltBujH yKvakd omwD;cwfyrkH mS Scale tedrrhf t
S jrihq
f ;kH okYd
wufoGm;pOfwGif Rest Stroke jzihfwD;cwfNyD; if;rS atmufokdYedrfhqif;oGm;aom Note udk Free
Stroke jzihf wD;cwfyg/ measure 9 \ aemufqHk; note G note (rst string 3rd fret)
tm; vufoef;jzihf zdESdyfwD;NyD;vQif A note (measure 10) qDokdY toma&TUoGm;&efjzpfygonf/
rd w f z uf o H a tmuf z uf note ted r f h o H r sm;yD y D o o xG u f a p&ef rvd k t yf a omBud K ;BuD ; rsm;ud k
toHrxGufapatmif tm;pdkuf*kjyK&ygrnf/ tempo rSm M.M.d = 192 jzihf oihfawmfygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

29

a&TOD;p

30

Hungarian Dance
(16th Century Anonymous)

16&mpk E S p f t wG i f ; Hungary Ed k i f i H o nf Austrian Hapsburg Empire ES i f h

Turkish Ottoman Empire [kESpfjcrf;uGJaeygonf/ EdkifiHjcm;om;*Dwynm&Sifrsm;pGmwdkU
vma&muf vnfywf0ifxGufoGm; vmaecJhMu NyD; [efa*&D (Hungary)ausmif;om;rsm; rSvnf;
EkdifiHjcm;ausmif;rsm;wGifom ynmqnf;yl; Muygonf/ xkdokdU vlrsdK;aygif;pkH a&maESmaejcif;aMumifhvnf;
dk;&mqefaom oDcsif;rsm;ESifh tursm;zvS,fjcif;&dScJhygonf/ ,ckwifjyxm;aomayghayghyg;yg; dance
*Dwav;onfawmqefqef rhythm Oyrmwpfckyifjzpfaomfvnf; cHhjim;rIudkvnf; xdef;odrf;xm;
onfukdawGUEkdifonf/
avhusijhf cif;udk cyfaES;aES;pwifyg/ odUk aomf tempo M.M.d =116odUk a&mufatmifavhusiyhf g/
tjrefwD;cwfvQif rhythm rSefygap/ Free stroke jzihfwD;cwfyg/ yxrqHk; beat rsm;ay:wGif
cyfjyif;jyif; av;zdwD; &ef rarhygESihf/ measure 15 wGif toH\ t&nftaoG;tm; tasto oauFw
(ngerboard tem;(0g) ngerboard tay:wGif wD;cwfaom El;nHhaomtoH)jzihf jyxm;NyD;
tomt,mwkdYxdjcif; jzihf vIdPfoHygatmif wD;cwfyg/ Measure 2 wGif A note udkvufndK; (1st
nger) jzihf zdwD;xm;onfudk measure 4 a&mufonfhwkdifatmif rvTwfygESihf/ qufvmrnfh D
major rdwfzufoHrsm;twGufvnf; jyifqif&ma&mufygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

31

a&TOD;p

32

Alla' en la Fuente
(Mexican Traditional)

dk;&maw; (folk song) rsm;wGif yg0ifaompmom;ESihfaw;oHpOfwkdYrSm aw;a&;q&mwpfOD;ESihf

wpfOD;wGif wlnDrI&SdMurnfr[kwfyg/ tb,faMumifhqdk&aomf xdkpmom;aw;oGm;rsm;onf if;wkdY
EkdifiH a'o\tpOftvmaeYpOfb0ESihf dk;&mtarGtESpfwkdYtaMumif;rsm;jzpfaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
Ekid if w
H pfEidk if H pDwidk ;f onf if;wk\
Yd ud,
k yf ikd [
f ef;kd &maw;rsm;udyk ikd q
f idk Mf uonf/ xdak w;oDcsi;f rsm;rSmvnf;
b0\ yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;udk azmfusL;Muonf/ tvkyftudkif? tm;upm;? trSwftom;? yHkjyif? tcspf?
bmomw&m;? rsKd;cspfpdwf? vlaerItjzpftysufrsm;ESihf xl;jcm;ae&ma'o (0g) &moDOwkponfjzihf
pHkvifpGm azmfjya&;pyf Muonf/ ,ck Alla' en la fuente wGif t"du taMumif;t&mrSm a&yef;yGm;
fountain onf yljyif;aom aea&mifatmufwGif aoGUajcmuf&onfudk a&;xm;onf/
ppcsi;f pickup measure &Sd xyfcgxyfcgwD;xm;aom repeated note rsm;udk yxrqH;k bar
txd wdu
k f u
kd yf g0ifapxm;ygonf/ xdrk aS &SUquf&ef t&Sed &f &SNd y;D down beat usa&muf&rnfh ae&mrsm;udk
ydrk akd ocsmapygonf/ qufwu
kd v
f maom bar rsm;wGiv
f nf; repeated note rsm;yg0ifapxm;ygonf/
Arpeggio yHpk H chord udk p, i, m, (a) jzih t
f oHnn
D x
D u
G af tmif wD;&rnfjzpfNy;D vufronf yxrOD;
down stroke wkid ;f wGif oH&edS n
f rD QpmG yg0ifw;D cwfay;&ygrnf/ b,fvufvufo<l u,f (3rd nger)
udk measure 1 wGif udkifwG,fwD;cwfjcif;onf measure 2 udk wD;cwf&m txdef;tuGyfozG,f
jzpfapygonf/ tempo udk M.M.d = 116 jzihf tBuHay;xm;ygonf/

Classical aw;oGm;rsm;udk vG,fulpGmavhvmwD;cwfjcif;

33

a&TOD;p

34

Lavenders Blue
(English Traditional)

tapmydkif; English dk;&maw;onf El;nHhodrfarGYvSaom aw;oGm;ydk'frsm;jzifh a&;zGJUxm;NyD;

solo *pfwmwD;cwf&eftvGefyif ohifavsmfvSonf/ pmom;onf uav;wkdY\ bk&ifESihf bk&ifr jzpfcsif
MuaomqEudk azmfusL;xm;onf/
Lavenders Blue
Lavenders blue, lavenders green,
When I am king, you shall be Queen.
Who told you so, who told you so?
I was my own heart that told me so.
vufrvufacsmif;rsm;udk free stroke jzihf wD;cwfyg/ aw;oGm;uJhokdYyif tjcm;aom
toHwGJ zufpHkvifatmifa&;zGJUaom tzGJUtEGJUwkdYwGif b,fvufonfvufoef; (4th nger) udk
wwd,vufuGuf ay:wGif rMumcPudkifwG,fwD;cwf&av\/ oDcsif;wGif Octave C' (yxr bar
\ yxrtay: note) ukd udkifwG,fwD;&m zdESdyfxm;aom vufndK;udk 'kwd, bar a&mufonftxd
zdudkifxm;&ygrnf/ xdktcsdefwGif vufol<u,fudkvnf; atmufzuf note C bass note tm; rvTwf
wrf;zdudkifxm;&ygrnf/ bar 3 wGif atmufzuf melody rest rsm;yg0ifaeNyD; tay:zuf A note
udk avQmavQm vQLvQL wD;cwf Ekdifapygonf/ xdkokdY A note jrihfoHudk tvG,fwulwD;cwfEdkifonf
qdak omfjim;vnf;acsmarGU pGm zdEydS w
f ;D cwfEikd &f eftwGurf l oD;jcm;avhusio
fh ihf vSygonf/ bar 15 ESifh 16
rSmawmh oHk;aeus interval 6th rsm;jzihf wD;xm;ygonf/ aumif;pGm avhusihf wD;cwfEdkifNyDqdkvQifawmh
a&SUavQmufydkrdk tqihfjrihfvmrnfh aw;ydk'frsm; wD;cwfEkdifzdkYrcJ,Of;awmhyg/ tempo udk M.M.d =
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35

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