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    R28 Coding Instructions Coding Instructions - Reading

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    Elektronsko Ucenje
    The document provides instructions on how coding works at a basic level. It explains that computers use operators and operands to perform calculations and instructions, similar to how math uses operators like addition and subtraction. It describes how the CPU fetches and executes instructions from memory by using a fetch-execute cycle and incrementing the program counter to point to the next instruction. Finally, it gives an example of an instruction set and machine code, along with what the provided machine code instructions would do.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    R28 Coding Instructions Coding Instructions - Reading

    Uploaded by

    Elektronsko Ucenje
    28 views1 page
    The document provides instructions on how coding works at a basic level. It explains that computers use operators and operands to perform calculations and instructions, similar to how math uses operators like addition and subtraction. It describes how the CPU fetches and executes instructions from memory by using a fetch-execute cycle and incrementing the program counter to point to the next instruction. Finally, it gives an example of an instruction set and machine code, along with what the provided machine code instructions would do.

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    R28 Coding Instructions

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    R28 Coding Instructions

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    The document provides instructions on how coding works at a basic level. It explains that computers use operators and operands to perform calculations and instructions, similar to how math uses operators like addition and subtraction. It describes how the CPU fetches and executes instructions from memory by using a fetch-execute cycle and incrementing the program counter to point to the next instruction. Finally, it gives an example of an instruction set and machine code, along with what the provided machine code instructions would do.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views1 page

    R28 Coding Instructions Coding Instructions - Reading

    Uploaded by

    Elektronsko Ucenje
    The document provides instructions on how coding works at a basic level. It explains that computers use operators and operands to perform calculations and instructions, similar to how math uses operators like addition and subtraction. It describes how the CPU fetches and executes instructions from memory by using a fetch-execute cycle and incrementing the program counter to point to the next instruction. Finally, it gives an example of an instruction set and machine code, along with what the provided machine code instructions would do.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Coding instructions - Reading

    R 28
    In Maths we show calculations like this: 5 + 4 = 9

    The plus symbol is known as an operator.


    operator It performs its operation on two operands
    operands, in this case 5
    and 4. In the same way, computers use operators and operands in assembly and machine code
    code.
    All instructions and data on a computer are stored in RAM. The computer itself doesnt know if a
    memory location is storing an instruction or data. All it knows is where the first instruction is that it
    needs to run. This is stored in a special register called the program counter. Registers are memory
    on the CPU that store 1 to 8 bytes of data. They operate at the same speed as the CPU.
    The CPU first fetches an instruction in binary from the RAM. It then decodes this instruction to work
    outt what operation it needs to do the operator, and what the operands are the data
    data. Finally the
    CPU will execute the instruction. This is known as the fetch-execute cycle.
    Machine code
    Operator (MOV)
    Assembly instruction:
    Meaning:

    0010101101001010
    First Operand (register D)

    Second Operand (memory address 74)

    MOV D, [74]
    Move the
    he contents of memory address 74 to register D

    The program counter is now incremented (1 is added to it) so that it points to the location for the
    next instruction in memory.
    An instruction set is a list of all the instructions that can be given to a particular CPU. This is specific
    to each type of CPU. This is why a program that has been compiled for one processor (e.g. a PC with
    a 64 bit processor) wont work on a computer with a different processor (e.g. a PC with a 32 bit
    processor).
    An example instruction set is given below
    Instruction
    Assembly code Meaning
    example
    00000 XXX YYYYYYYY SUB A, 73
    SUBtract value in YYYYYYYY from register XXX
    00001 XXX YYYYYYYY ADD A, 125
    ADD value in YYYYYYYY to register XXX
    00010 XXX YYYYYYYY MOV B, 6
    MOVe value YYYYYYYY into register B
    00011 XXX
    DEC C
    DECrement (subtract 1) from the value in register XXX
    00100 XXX
    INC D
    INCrement (add 1) to the value in register XXX
    00101 XXX YYYYYYYY MOV A, [5]
    MOVe value in memory address YYYYYYYY
    YYYY to register XXX
    Question: What would the following machine code do?
    Machine code
    00001 001 10110110
    00001 000 01001001
    00011 000
    00100 001
    00001 000 00100101

    Assembly code
    MOV B, 182
    MOV A, 73
    DEC A
    INC B
    ADD A, 37

    What it does (Answer)


    Puts the value 182 into register B
    Puts the value 73 into register A
    Decrements register A which now stores 72
    Increment register B which now stores 183
    Add 37 to register A. Register A now stores 72+37=
    72+37=109

    Licensed to St Joseph's Catholic School, Salisbury, #3431435

    55

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