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    Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report

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    Usama Adnan
    This lab report details the qualitative analysis of cations in an unknown solution through a series of procedures. Procedure 1-7 were used to test for Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Fe3+ in the unknown solution. The results showed the presence of Al3+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ and absence of Ag+, Hg22+, and Ni+ in the unknown solution. A discussion of the relevant chemical reactions for identifying each cation is also provided.

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    Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Usama Adnan
    538 views2 pages
    This lab report details the qualitative analysis of cations in an unknown solution through a series of procedures. Procedure 1-7 were used to test for Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Fe3+ in the unknown solution. The results showed the presence of Al3+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ and absence of Ag+, Hg22+, and Ni+ in the unknown solution. A discussion of the relevant chemical reactions for identifying each cation is also provided.

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    178795714 Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report Docx

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    This lab report details the qualitative analysis of cations in an unknown solution through a series of procedures. Procedure 1-7 were used to test for Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Fe3+ in the unknown solution. The results showed the presence of Al3+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ and absence of Ag+, Hg22+, and Ni+ in the unknown solution. A discussion of the relevant chemical reactions for identifying each cation is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    538 views2 pages

    Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Usama Adnan
    This lab report details the qualitative analysis of cations in an unknown solution through a series of procedures. Procedure 1-7 were used to test for Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Fe3+ in the unknown solution. The results showed the presence of Al3+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ and absence of Ag+, Hg22+, and Ni+ in the unknown solution. A discussion of the relevant chemical reactions for identifying each cation is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Ariel Chen

    Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report

    Step

    Procedure

    Add HCl to known solution in TT1.


    Centrifuge. Pour colored solution
    into TT2.

    Add 2 ml of distilled water to the


    precipitate and place the test tube in
    a boiling water bath for three
    minutes. Stir. Centrifuge for a few
    seconds. Pour the supernatant liquid
    into another test tube. Immediately
    add two drops of K2CrO4 to the
    liquid.
    Add one ml of NH3 to the white
    precipitate from Step 2. Stir. Black
    residue. Centrifuge, then decant the
    solution into another test tube and
    discard the black residue.
    Add HNO3 to the solution from
    Step 3 until the solution is acid or a
    permanent white precipitate is
    formed.
    Neutralize the solution from
    procedure 1 (TT2) by adding NH3
    solution until the solution is basic.
    Check with litmus paper after
    stirring thoroughly. Add one ml in
    excess. Add one ml of NH4Cl.
    Colored ppt. Centrifuge and
    separate the solution into another
    test tube. Set the solution aside for
    Procedure 10. Treat the precipitate
    by Procedure 6.
    Dissolve the precipitate from
    Procedure 5 by adding 6-M HC1
    dropwise. Stir aer each addition.
    Make basic to litmus with 6-M
    NaOH. Stir. Then add 1-2 ml in
    excess. Precipitates. Centrifuge and
    separate the solution into another
    test tube. Set the solution aside for
    Procedure 8. Treat the precipitate by
    Procedure 7.
    Dissolve the precipitate from
    Procedure 6 by adding dilute 6-M
    HC1 dropwise. Stir. Add three drops

    Known Solution
    Results
    Conclusion
    White ppt
    Ag+, Pb2+,
    forms. Other
    and/or
    ions present
    Hg22+
    in solution in
    present
    TT2

    Yellow
    precipitate

    Pb2+ present

    Hg22+
    Black residue
    present

    Unknown Solution (#1)


    Results
    Conclusion
    White ppt
    forms. Other
    ions present in
    solution in TT2

    Ag+, Pb2+,
    and/or
    Hg22+
    present

    Yellow
    precipitate

    Pb2+ present

    No white ppt
    from Step 2

    Hg22+ and
    Ag+ both
    absent

    White
    precipitate

    Ag+ present

    Colored ppt

    Fe3+ and/or
    Al3+ present

    Colored ppt

    Fe3+ and/or
    Al3+ present

    Precipitate
    forms

    Precipitate:
    Fe(OH)3

    Precipitate
    forms

    Precipitate:
    Fe(OH)3

    Deep red
    color:
    Fe(SCN)2+

    Fe3+ present

    Deep red color:


    Fe3+ present
    2+
    Fe(SCN)

    Ariel Chen
    Qualitative Analysis of Cations Lab Report

    10

    of 0.1-M KSCN solution.


    Acidify the solution from Procedure
    6 by adding dilute HC1 dropwise.
    Stir after each
    addition and check with litmus. Add
    drops of NH4Cl and make basic by
    adding
    NH3 solution. White/gray ppt.
    Centrifuge and separate the
    solution. Discard the solution and
    treat the precipitate by Procedure 9.
    Dissolve the precipitate from
    Procedure 8 by adding dilute 6-M
    HCl dropwise. Stir. Add one ml of
    the aluminon test reagent. Add 6-M
    NH3 solution until the solution is
    just basic. Stir. Check
    with litmus. Warm the solution in a
    water bath.
    Add 10 to l5 drops of
    dimethylglyoxime to the solution
    from Procedure 5. Warm in a water
    bath.

    White/gray
    ppt

    Al(OH)3

    White/gray ppt

    Al(OH)3

    Red ppt
    (lake)

    Al3+ present

    Red ppt
    (lake)

    Al3+ present

    Red ppt

    Ni+ present

    No ppt

    Ni+ absent

    Unknown Solution #1
    Ions present: Al3+, Fe3+, Pb2+
    Ions absent: Ag+ , Hg22+ , Ni+
    Discussion
    1. Cl- is the precipitating reagent for the silver group. A solution of NaCl would also work as well, because it
    provides the chloride ion in solution.
    2.
    Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)
    AgCl(aq) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2(aq) + Cl-(aq)
    Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + 2H+(aq) AgCl(s) + 2NH4+(aq)
    3. Hg + e Hg
    Hg Hg + e
    4. AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
    AgCl(s) + 2 NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
    5. Fe3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) + 3H2O --> Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)
    Fe3+ (aq) + 6NH3(aq) Fe(NH3)63+(aq)
    6. Al(OH)3 (s) + OH- (aq) ---- > Al(OH)4- (aq)
    Al(OH)3 + 3H2O + 3H+ ---> [Al(H2O)6]3+

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