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    Nato

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    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created in 1949 by the United States and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union formed its own regional alliance called the Warsaw Pact, which included Eastern European satellite states as members. NATO's collective defense arrangements placed Western Europe under the American "nuclear umbrella" and its first military doctrine, "massive retaliation," committed the US to respond to any attack on a member with a large-scale nuclear attack as a deterrent against Soviet aggression.

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    Nato

    Uploaded by

    api-280699460
    538 views2 pages
    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created in 1949 by the United States and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union formed its own regional alliance called the Warsaw Pact, which included Eastern European satellite states as members. NATO's collective defense arrangements placed Western Europe under the American "nuclear umbrella" and its first military doctrine, "massive retaliation," committed the US to respond to any attack on a member with a large-scale nuclear attack as a deterrent against Soviet aggression.

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    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created in 1949 by the United States and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union formed its own regional alliance called the Warsaw Pact, which included Eastern European satellite states as members. NATO's collective defense arrangements placed Western Europe under the American "nuclear umbrella" and its first military doctrine, "massive retaliation," committed the US to respond to any attack on a member with a large-scale nuclear attack as a deterrent against Soviet aggression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    538 views2 pages

    Nato

    Uploaded by

    api-280699460
    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created in 1949 by the United States and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union formed its own regional alliance called the Warsaw Pact, which included Eastern European satellite states as members. NATO's collective defense arrangements placed Western Europe under the American "nuclear umbrella" and its first military doctrine, "massive retaliation," committed the US to respond to any attack on a member with a large-scale nuclear attack as a deterrent against Soviet aggression.

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    of 2

    NATO

    & The Warsaw Pact


    From your Textbook

    From the U.S. Office of the Historian



    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada,
    and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet
    Union.
    In this agreement, the United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland,
    Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom agreed to
    consider attack against one an attack against all, along with consultations about threats and
    defense matters. This collective defense arrangement only formally applied to attacks
    against the signatories that occurred in Europe or North America; it did not include
    conflicts in colonial territories. After the treaty was signed, a number of the signatories
    made requests to the United States for military aid. Later in 1949, President Truman
    proposed a military assistance program, and the Mutual Defense Assistance Program
    passed the U.S. Congress in October, appropriating some $1.4 billion dollars for the purpose
    of building Western European defenses.
    Soon after the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the outbreak of
    the Korean War led the members to move quickly to integrate and coordinate their defense
    forces through a centralized headquarters. The North Korean attack on South Korea was
    widely viewed at the time to be an example of communist aggression directed by Moscow,
    so the United States bolstered its troop commitments to Europe to provide assurances
    against Soviet aggression on the European continent. In 1952, the members agreed to
    admit Greece and Turkey to NATO and added the Federal Republic of Germany in 1955.
    West German entry led the Soviet Union to retaliate with its own regional alliance, which
    took the form of the Warsaw Treaty Organization and included the Soviet satellite states of
    Eastern Europe as members.
    The collective defense arrangements in NATO served to place the whole of Western
    Europe under the American nuclear umbrella. In the 1950s, one of the first military
    doctrines of NATO emerged in the form of massive retaliation, or the idea that if any
    member was attacked, the United States would respond with a large-scale nuclear attack.
    The threat of this form of response was meant to serve as a deterrent against Soviet
    aggression on the continent. Although formed in response to the exigencies of the
    developing Cold War, NATO has lasted beyond the end of that conflict, with membership
    even expanding to include some former Soviet states. It remains the largest peacetime
    military alliance in the world.

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