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    Natural Selection Review

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    Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Through observations on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed that organisms are well adapted to their environments and that species change over time. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms less suited do not. Over many generations this process can result in entire populations changing. Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, and biochemical comparisons of DNA.

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    Natural Selection Review

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    Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Through observations on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed that organisms are well adapted to their environments and that species change over time. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms less suited do not. Over many generations this process can result in entire populations changing. Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, and biochemical comparisons of DNA.

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    Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Through observations on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed that organisms are well adapted to their environments and that species change over time. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms less suited do not. Over many generations this process can result in entire populations changing. Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, and biochemical comparisons of DNA.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views27 pages

    Natural Selection Review

    Uploaded by

    api-290100812
    Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Through observations on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed that organisms are well adapted to their environments and that species change over time. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms less suited do not. Over many generations this process can result in entire populations changing. Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, and biochemical comparisons of DNA.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Evolution &

    Natural Selection
    Review

    Theory of Evolution
    Evolution: The process of change over
    time

    Specifically, a change in the frequency of a


    gene or trait in a population over time

    Charles Darwin

    Wrote a book, Origin of the Species

    Father of Evolution
    Proposed a mechanism for
    evolution, natural selection
    Darwin went on a 5-year trip
    around the world on the ship,
    the HMS Beagle

    As the ships naturalist, he made


    observations of organisms in
    South America and the Galapagos
    Islands

    Darwins Finches
    Notice the change in
    beak shape with
    change in food source.
    The change in shape is
    the result of
    advantageous
    adaptation.

    Darwins Finches

    Natural Selection
    Natural Selection: Organisms with beneficial
    traits that are best adapted to an
    environment survive to reproduce and pass
    on those traits.
    Over time, these beneficial traits add up until the
    whole population has them.

    Darwins Theory of Natural Selection occurs


    in four steps:

    Overproduction
    Variation
    Competition
    Selection

    1. Overproduction
    Each species produces more offspring
    than can survive

    2. Variation
    Each individual has a
    unique combination of
    inherited traits.

    Adaptation: an inherited
    trait that increases an
    organisms chances of
    survival

    Why is Variation Important?


    Because the environment changes.
    The more variation within a species, the more
    likely it will survive

    EX: If everyone is the same, they are all vulnerable to


    the same environmental changes or diseases

    The more variation of types of species in an


    habitat, the more likely at least some will survive

    3. Competition
    Individuals COMPETE for limited
    resources:
    Food, water, space, mates

    Natural selection occurs through


    Survival of the fittest
    Fitness: the ability to survive and
    reproduce

    Not all individuals survive to adulthood.

    4. Selection
    The individuals with the best traits /
    adaptations will survive and have the
    opportunity to pass on its traits to
    offspring.
    The environment does the selecting.
    The organism does not choose to
    adapt.

    Individuals with traits that are not well suited


    to their environment either die or leave few
    offspring.
    Evolution occurs when good traits build up
    in a population over many generations and
    bad traits are eliminated by the death of the
    individuals.

    Variation
    Genetic variation exists naturally among
    members of a species.
    Variation comes from mutations, or changes in
    DNA.
    Mutations are random. They can be beneficial,
    harmful, or have no effect.

    Peppered Moth

    Which moth will the bird catch?

    Evidence for Evolution:


    Fossil Record
    Homologous Body Structures
    Vestigial Organs
    Embryology
    Biochemical Evidence

    The Fossil Record


    Fossils: a record of the history of life on
    Earth. Shows how organisms have changed
    over time.

    Archaeopteryx
    Missing link between
    reptiles and birds

    Homologous Body Structures


    Homologous Structures: similar
    structures with different
    functions.
    Suggest a common ancestor.
    Ex: Bat wing, whale fin

    Analogous Body Structures


    Analogous Structures: similar function but
    different structure.
    Does not suggest recent common ancestor.
    Bat wing and butterfly wing

    Vestigial Organs
    Vestigial Organs: leftover traces of evolution that
    no longer have a function.
    Ex: whale hip bone

    Embryology
    Embryology: embryos of all vertebrates are very
    similar early on

    Biochemical Evidence
    Biochemistry: DNA with similar sequences
    suggest species are more closely related

    EX: Humans and chimpanzees share more than


    98% of identical DNA sequences

    Biological Classification
    Taxonomy is a system of grouping
    organisms based on shared characteristics.
    Closely related organisms are closer on the
    classification tree.

    Six Kingdoms
    Eubacteria
    Archaebacteria
    Animalia
    Plantae
    Protista
    Fungi

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