Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 332 views

    Dna Structure

    Uploaded by

    api-315792432
    The document summarizes key information about DNA structure and function. It explains that DNA is composed of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and sugars. The four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, which bond together in specific base pairs (A-T, G-C) to form the double helix structure. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. DNA replicates itself during cell division to produce two identical DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dna Structure

    Uploaded by

    api-315792432
    332 views23 pages
    The document summarizes key information about DNA structure and function. It explains that DNA is composed of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and sugars. The four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, which bond together in specific base pairs (A-T, G-C) to form the double helix structure. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. DNA replicates itself during cell division to produce two identical DNA molecules.

    Original Title

    dna structure

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes key information about DNA structure and function. It explains that DNA is composed of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and sugars. The four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, which bond together in specific base pairs (A-T, G-C) to form the double helix structure. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. DNA replicates itself during cell division to produce two identical DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    332 views23 pages

    Dna Structure

    Uploaded by

    api-315792432
    The document summarizes key information about DNA structure and function. It explains that DNA is composed of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and sugars. The four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, which bond together in specific base pairs (A-T, G-C) to form the double helix structure. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. DNA replicates itself during cell division to produce two identical DNA molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    DNA Structure

    Exploring the organized


    structure of DNA

    What does DNA do?


    What are the components of DNA?
    Where is DNA normally stored?
    How does DNA code for different
    traits?

    The purpose of DNA


    DNA provides the template for RNA,
    which then is used to synthesize
    proteins. This concept is know as The
    Central Dogma of genetics.
    Different genes lead to different
    proteins being made; thats what
    makes you, YOU!

    DNA
    DNA stands for Deoxyribose nucleic
    acid
    It is present in the nucleus of all cells
    in living organisms
    The type of cell that is formed during
    development is controlled by DNA

    The Double Helix


    The structure of DNA
    was determined to be
    a double helix by
    James D. Watson and
    Francis Crick in 1953
    This lead to the
    discovery of DNA base
    pairing
    Click here to learn
    more

    What is DNA made of?


    DNA is composed of four different
    nucleotides. The sequence of these
    nucleotides determines the way the
    protein is assembled.
    Nucleotides are monomers (like
    links in a chain) that contain three
    parts: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate
    group and a sugar

    Nitrogenous bases
    There are four nitrogenous bases in
    DNA: Adenine (A), Guanine (G),
    Tyrosine (T), and Cytosine (C)
    The nitrogenous bases are the only
    differences between nucleotides

    DNA Nucleotide

    What does the double helix


    mean?
    The DNA double helix indicated that
    there is pairing between the strands
    that results in the shape
    This pairing is caused by hydrogen
    bonds between the bases

    The Strand Structure


    The
    phosphates
    and sugars are
    held together
    by covalent
    bonds.
    Together they
    form the DNA
    backbone.

    Chargaffs rules
    Adenine and Thymine always pair
    The amount of A should equal the
    amount of T

    Guanine and Cytosine always pair


    The amount of G should equal the
    amount of C

    Reasoning
    The base pairing is specific because
    A and T form two hydrogen bonds,
    while G and C form three.

    Quick review
    If the composition of a DNA molecule is 30% Guanine,
    what is the percent Adenine?
    a) 30%
    b) 20%
    c) 40%
    d) 60%

    Match this DNA strand to its correct


    half
    CAG TAT CAT TAG GTC CAG
    a) GTA ATA GCA GAC CGA GAC
    b) GTA ATA GTA ATC CAG GTC
    c) TGA CGC TGC CGT ACT TGA

    Just like shoes!


    Just like how you pair a left shoe with
    a right shoe, you pair opposite bases
    as well.
    You should also wear shoes of the
    same style as well, when we
    mismatch pairs things get iffy!

    The genetic code


    As mentioned before, the sequence
    of bases in DNA determines the
    Genetic Code
    A group of three bases (called a
    triplet) controls the production of a
    specific amino acid
    Amino acids link together to form
    proteins
    The order of the amino acids determines
    how the protein will fold and thus, its
    function

    Why a triplet?
    If the code was read as each
    individual base, there would be only
    four different amino acids. If the code
    was read 2 bases at a time there
    would be only 16 different amino acids
    (4 possibilities x 4 possibilities).
    Triplets allow for up to 64 different
    amino acids to be used!

    Replication
    When a cell divides, it must first
    create a copy of its DNA
    Each strand separates and new
    nucleotides are added to create two
    identical DNA molecules
    This process is called replication

    Question 1
    Which of the following are components of
    nucleotides?
    (a) deoxyribose
    (b) amino acids
    (c) phosphate
    (d) enzymes
    (e) nitrogenous bases

    Question 2
    Which of the following represent a correct
    pairing of bases?
    (a) adenine with thymine
    (b) adenine with guanine
    (c) thymine with adenine
    (d) guanine with cytosine
    (e) thymine with thymine

    Question 3
    Which of the following are nitrogenous bases?
    (a) Valine
    (b) Guanine
    (c) Thymine
    (d) Serine

    Question 4
    Replication of DNA occurs
    (a) During cell division
    (b) before cell division
    (c) at any time

    resources
    Nucleotide pichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxygu
    anosine_monophosphate
    Base pairing pic- https://
    de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargaff-Regeln
    DNA chemical structurehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F
    ile:DNA_chemical_structure.svg

    You might also like