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    The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.

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    18 Post Notes

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    33 views8 pages
    The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.

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    Calculus

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    The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views8 pages

    18 Post Notes

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    raw.junk
    The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.

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    18B Local Extrema

    Local Extrema

    18B Local Extrema

    Definition
    Let S be the domain of f such that c is an element of S.
    Then,
    1) f(c) is a local maximum value of f if there exists an interval (a,b) containing c
    such that f(c) is the maximum value of f on (a,b)S.
    2) f(c) is a local minimum value of f if there exists an interval (a,b) containing c
    such that f(c) is the minimum value of f on (a,b)S.
    3) f(c) is a local extreme value of f if it is either a local maximum or local minimum
    value.

    18B Local Extrema

    How do we find the local extrema?


    First Derivative Test
    Let f be continuous on an open interval (a,b) that contains a critical x-value.
    1) If f'(x) > 0 for all x on (a,c) and f'(x)<0 for all x on (c,b), then f(c) is a local
    maximum value.
    2) If f'(x) < 0 for all x on (a,c) and f'(x)>0 for all x on (c,b), then f(c) is a local
    maximum value.
    3) If f'(x) has the same sign on both sides of c, then f(c) not a maximum nor a
    minimum value.

    18B Local Extrema


    EX 1

    Determine local maximum and minimum points for

    EX 2

    Find all local maximum and minimum points for

    18B Local Extrema

    Theorem: Second Derivative Test


    Let f' and f'' exist at every point on the interval (a,b) containing c and f'(c) = 0.
    1) If f''(c) < 0, then f(c) is a local maximum.
    2) If f''(c) > 0, the f(c) is a local minimum.

    EX 3

    Find all critical points for

    18B Local Extrema


    EX 4

    Find local and global extrema for

    18B Local Extrema

    EX 5

    Let f be continuous such that f' has the following graph.


    Try to sketch a graph of f(x) and answer these questions.
    f'(x)

    a) Where is f increasing?
    b) Where is f decreasing?
    | | | | | | |
    -3 -2 -1

    c) Where is f concave up?

    d) Where is f concave down?

    1 2 3

    e) Where are inflections points?


    f) Where are local max/min values?

    | | | | | | |
    -3 -2 -1

    1 2 3

    18B Local Extrema

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