The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.
The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.
The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.
The document defines local extrema of a function as either a local maximum or minimum value within an interval of the function's domain. It presents two tests for determining local extrema: 1) the First Derivative Test examines the sign of the derivative on both sides of a critical point, and 2) the Second Derivative Test examines the concavity of the function by checking the sign of the second derivative at a critical point where the first derivative is zero. Several examples are then given to demonstrate applying these tests to find all local extrema of various functions.
Definition Let S be the domain of f such that c is an element of S. Then, 1) f(c) is a local maximum value of f if there exists an interval (a,b) containing c such that f(c) is the maximum value of f on (a,b)S. 2) f(c) is a local minimum value of f if there exists an interval (a,b) containing c such that f(c) is the minimum value of f on (a,b)S. 3) f(c) is a local extreme value of f if it is either a local maximum or local minimum value.
18B Local Extrema
How do we find the local extrema?
First Derivative Test Let f be continuous on an open interval (a,b) that contains a critical x-value. 1) If f'(x) > 0 for all x on (a,c) and f'(x)<0 for all x on (c,b), then f(c) is a local maximum value. 2) If f'(x) < 0 for all x on (a,c) and f'(x)>0 for all x on (c,b), then f(c) is a local maximum value. 3) If f'(x) has the same sign on both sides of c, then f(c) not a maximum nor a minimum value.
18B Local Extrema
EX 1
Determine local maximum and minimum points for
EX 2
Find all local maximum and minimum points for
18B Local Extrema
Theorem: Second Derivative Test
Let f' and f'' exist at every point on the interval (a,b) containing c and f'(c) = 0. 1) If f''(c) < 0, then f(c) is a local maximum. 2) If f''(c) > 0, the f(c) is a local minimum.
EX 3
Find all critical points for
18B Local Extrema
EX 4
Find local and global extrema for
18B Local Extrema
EX 5
Let f be continuous such that f' has the following graph.
Try to sketch a graph of f(x) and answer these questions. f'(x)
a) Where is f increasing? b) Where is f decreasing? | | | | | | | -3 -2 -1
