QCS 2014

QCS 2014
Section 27: External Works

Part
01: General
Page 1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
Scope
References
Quality Standards
System Description
1.2
MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.1
1.2.2
Supply, Handling and Storage

Approval of Supply Source
2
2
2
2
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2
2
QCS 2014

Part
01: General
GENERAL
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1.1.1
Scope
This Section provides specifications for miscellaneous external works.
Related Sections and Parts are as follows:

Section 1
Page 2
General
1.1.2
References
The following standards are referred to in this Section:

BS 729........................Hot dipped galvanized coating
BS 1722......................Fences
BS 3470......................Field Gates and Posts
BS 6717......................Precast concrete paving blocks
BS 7293......................Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edging and quadrants
BS EN 60598 .............Luminaries
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BS 7671......................Requirements for electrical installations
Quality Standards
All items within this Section are to be designed, manufactured, and installed with safety of
the public as a priority.
1.1.4
System Description
Some of the Parts in this Section specify the work in general terms only. If external work
items related to this Section are not fully specified or otherwise detailed within the Project
Documentation, the Contractor shall submit appropriate specifications for approval by the
Engineer.
Any standards or other documentation to support the suitability of Contractor supplied

specifications for the work shall be submitted to the Engineer for review.
1.2
MATERIALS
1.2.1
Supply, Handling and Storage
All materials, components and accessories shall be stored in accordance with the relevant
provisions of Section 1, General.
1.2.2
Approval of Supply Source
All products supplied under this Section must be obtained from an approved source.
The Contractor will not be permitted to change his source of supply without the permission of
the Engineer.
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1.1.3
END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
02: Block Paved Areas
Page 1
BLOCK PAVED AREAS .......................................................................................... 2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 2
Scope
2
References
2
General Requirements
2
Compliance
3
Materials
3
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING FLAGS ................................................................ 3

3
Precast Concrete Flags
3
Laying Concrete Paving Flags
3
2.3
2.3.1
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS ................................................... 3

Materials
3
2.4
2.4.1
CLAY PAVING BLOCKS ......................................................................................... 4

Materials
4
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
GRANITE PAVING BLOCKS ................................................................................... 5

Materials
5
Surface Finish
5
Top Surface Finish
5
2.6
2.6.1
INSTALLATION OF PAVING BLOCKS ................................................................... 6

6
2.7
2.7.1
PLAYGROUNDS, PARKS AND OTHER AREAS .................................................... 6

6
2.8
2.8.1
SPORTS ACTIVITY PLAYING SURFACES ............................................................ 6

6
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Page 2
BLOCK PAVED AREAS
2.1
GENERAL
2.1.1
Scope
This Part specifies the requirements block paved areas surfaces not otherwise covered in
Section 6, Roadworks.
Related Sections are as follows:

Section 6
Roadworks
2.1.2
References
The following standards are referred to in this Part:

ASTM C 97 .................Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension
Stone.
ASTM C 99 .................Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone.
ASTM C 241 ...............Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot
Traffic.
ASTM C 880 ...............Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimensional Stone.
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ASTM C 936 ...............Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
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BS 1014 ......................Pigments for Portland cement and Portland cement products

BS 7293 ......................Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edging and quadrants
BS EN 1338 ................Precast concrete paving blocks
BS EN 10545 ..............Ceramic Tiles
2.1.3
All items in this Part require approval by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit manufacturers literature, drawings, samples or mock-up units
for items covered in this Part for approval by the Engineer.
If external work items related to this Part are not specified or otherwise detailed within the
Project Documentation, the Contractor shall submit appropriate specifications for approval by
the Engineer.
Bedding requirements for paved surfaces shall be in accordance with Section 6, Roadworks.
Blocks supplied in accordance with this part shall be marked with the following particulars:
(a)
identification of the manufacturer by name or logo
(b)
date of production
(c)
product name
(d)
standards to which the block is manufactured
The surface of paving blocks shall not exhibit any defects such as cracking, delamination or
flaking.
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Part
Page 3
Compliance
All paving works which are subject to public use or use by any governmental department or
agency shall comply with all health and safety requirements of all applicable government
departments and agencies.
The Contractor is responsible to obtain written approvals or documentation from all

applicable government departments and agencies in connection with Clause 2.1.4-1.
2.1.5
Materials
The paving material shall be such that it does not develop a polished surface of low skid
resistance when trafficked.
The colour of the paving units shall be as described in the Project Documentation.
2.2
PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING FLAGS
2.2.1
Precast concrete paving flags shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section 6,
Roadworks, and as specified herein.
2.2.2
Precast Concrete Flags
Precast concrete flags shall be hydraulically pressed and shall comply with the relevant
provisions of BS 7293: Part 1 and Section 5, Concrete. Unless otherwise described in the
Project Documentation, flags shall be 50 mm thick.
Precast concrete paving blocks shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 1338.
Pigments shall be inorganic, stable and shall comply with BS 1014. Pigments can be used in
powder, liquid or granular form.
2.2.3
Laying Concrete Paving Flags
Precast concrete flags shall be laid to the required falls on sub-base material as described in
the Project Documentation, bonded with joints at right angles to the kerb, and spot bedded
with Class M4 mortar with no lipping of top surfaces.
Flags shall be cut to fit around surface boxes and other furniture and, on circular work where
the radius is 12 m or less, shall be radially cut on both edges to the required lines.
2.3
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS
2.3.1
Materials
Materials for interlocking concrete paving blocks shall conform to BS EN 1338 and Section 5,
Concrete.
Pigments shall be inorganic, stable and shall comply with BS 1014. Pigments can be used in
powder, liquid or granular form.
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2.1.4
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Page 4
The facing layer of composite blocks consisting of a facing layer and a backing layer shall not
be less than 4 mm.
The thickness of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be:
(a)
60mm on footpaths
(b)
80 mm on roads and parking areas unless otherwise detailed in the Project

Documentation or instructed by the Engineer.
The strength of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:

(a)
the average tensile splitting strength of 16 blocks shall be tested in accordance with
BS EN 1338 and shall be not less than 3.6MPa and the failing load not lower than
250N/mm.
(b)
the tensile splitting strength of any individual block shall be not less than 2.9MPa.
Water absorption of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:

(a)
an average of 3 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1338 shall not be greater

than 5%
(b)
no individual result shall be greater than 6%.
CLAY PAVING BLOCKS
2.4.1
Materials
Clay paving blocks shall have chamfers, be colour resistant and without nibs.
The clay paving blocks shall be classified as follows:
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2.4
(a)
Type
to be used in pedestrian/footpath areas.
(b)
Type
to be used in trafficked areas.
The clay paving blocks shall comply with the requirements given in the following Table:
Table 2.1
Requirements for clay paving blocks
Item
No.
Specified Limits
Requirement
Test Method
Type A
Type B
65 mm ( 3 mm)
1.
Work size thickness

(tolerance)
BS 6677 : Part 1 :
1986
50 mm ( 3 mm)
2.
Average Compressive
Strength
BS 3921 : 1985
50 N/mm min
3.
Individual Compressive
Strength
BS 3921 : 1985
4.
Average Transverse
Breaking Load
BS 6677 : Part 1 :
1986
75 N/mm min
47 N/mm min
70 N/mm min
5.0 kN min
7.0 kN min
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Page 5
Specified Limits
Item
No.
Requirement
Test Method
Type A
Type B
5.
Individual Transverse
Breaking Load
BS 6677 : Part 1 :
1986
3.0 kN min
4.0 kN min
6.
Water Absorption
BS 3921 : 1985
12 % max
7 % max
7.
Mean Wet Skid

Resistance Value
BS 6677 : Part 1 :
1986
60 min
60 min
8.
Efflorescence
BS 3921 : 1985
Nil to moderate
Nil to slight
GRANITE PAVING BLOCKS
2.5.1
Materials
Materials for granite paving blocks shall be of first quality natural granite.
Granite paving block thickness shall be 70 mm on roads and parking areas unless otherwise
detailed in the Project Documentation.
The density of granite paving blocks shall be 2,560 kg/m or more when measured in
accordance with ASTM C 97.
The water absorption of granite paving blocks shall be 0.40% (maximum) when measured in
The minimum compressive strength of granite paving blocks shall be 131 MPa when
measured in accordance with ASTM C 170.
The modulus of rupture of granite paving blocks shall be 10.34 MPa or more when measured
in accordance with ASTM C 99.
The abrasion resistance of granite paving blocks shall be HA25 (minimum) when measured in
accordance with to ASTM C 241 / C 1353.
The flexural strength of granite paving blocks shall be 8.27 MPa or more when measured in
2.5.2
Surface Finish
Edges shall be split in a straight line with a hydraulic guillotine. The resulting edge shall be
straight, but broken along the natural grain structure of the stone with concave and convex
areas along the edge.
2.5.3
Top Surface Finish
Granite paving blocks shall be finished with a thermal, highly slip resistant, rough textured
surface.
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2.5
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Part
Page 6
INSTALLATION OF PAVING BLOCKS
2.6.1
These clauses are for the installation of interlocking concrete, clay and granite paving blocks.
Paving blocks shall be laid on the sand laying course in such a manner as not to disturb the
blocks already laid.
Each block shall be placed firmly against its neighbour so that they fit closely together.
Joints between blocks shall not exceed 3 mm.
Laying of the paving blocks shall commence at right angles to the main pavement axis
starting at one end of the area.
The blocks shall be laid in patterns as shown in the Project Documentation or instructed by
the Engineer.
Where blocks do not fit the edge restraints or other obstructions such as manholes or
upstands, the gaps shall be filled using cut blocks.
Blocks shall be cut using only a mechanical or hydraulic block splitter.
2.7
PLAYGROUNDS, PARKS AND OTHER AREAS
2.7.1
The Contractor shall provide test certificates for surfaces made specifically for outdoor
playing areas, such as soft impact type paving, showing compliance with all pertinent health
and safety requirements of the applicable government departments and agencies.
Surfaces made specifically for outdoor playing areas shall be installed by specialised subcontractors experienced in such work unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
2.8
SPORTS ACTIVITY PLAYING SURFACES
2.8.1
Outdoor sporting surfaces such as tennis courts, running tracks and the like shall be installed
by specialised sub-contractors experienced in such work unless otherwise approved by the
Engineer.
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2.6
END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
03: Fences and Gates
Page 1
FENCES AND GATES ............................................................................................................. 2
3.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 2
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Scope
References
Submittals
3.2
FENCES ................................................................................................................................... 2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
Chain Link Fences and Gates
Ornamental Metal Fences
Wire Fences
Wood Fences
Open Mesh Steel Panel Fences
Security Fences
Tennis Court Fencing
3.3
FIELD GATES .......................................................................................................................... 4
3.3.1
3.4
WIND BREAKS ........................................................................................................................ 4
3.4.1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
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Part
FENCES AND GATES
3.1
GENERAL
3.1.1
Scope
This Part specifies the requirements for fences and gates and for wind breaks.
Related Sections and Parts are as follows:

Section 5
Section 6
Section 18
Page 2
Concrete
Roadwork
Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery
3.1.2
References

BS 729........................Hot dipped galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles
BS 1722 .....................Fences
BS 3470 .....................Field Gates and Posts
Submittals
Shop drawings are to be provided with layout of fences and gates with dimensions, details of
all components, accessories, material finishes and post foundations.
The Contractor shall provide manufacturers catalogues indicating proposed materials and
components for approval by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall provide a colour selection for finishes designated and samples of
materials (e.g., finials, caps, and accessories) if instructed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall provide mock-ups if instructed by the Engineer.
3.2
FENCES
3.2.1
Fittings and dimensions of fences shall be as detailed in the Project Documentation.
Permanent gates shall generally be built in accordance with the relevant provisions of BS
1722 and as specified herein. Table 3.1 provides Part numbers of BS 1722 for all fencing
types.
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3.1.3
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Page 3
Table 3.1
Fencing Types in BS 1722
Part of BS 1722
Type of fencing
Chain link fences
Woven wire fences
Strained wire fences
Cleft chestnut pale fences
Close boarded fences
Wooden palisade fences
Wooden post and rail fences
Mild steel (low carbon steel) continuous bar fences
Mild steel (low carbon steel) fences with round or square

verticals and flat posts and horizontals
10
Anti-intruder chain link fences
11
Woven wood and lap boarded panel fences
12
Steel palisade fences
13
Chain link fences for tennis court surrounds
14
Open mesh steel panel fences
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Concrete for the surrounding the bases of fencing posts shall be in accordance with BS
1722 and shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section 5, Concrete.
All timber work for permanent fencing shall be given preservative treatment in accordance
with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 and Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and
Ironmongery.
The Contractor shall provide calculations showing that the fence and it components can
satisfactorily sustain a 3 second gust of 180 kph (50 m/s).
3.2.2
Chain Link Fences and Gates
Chain link fencing shall comply with the requirements of BS 1722 Part 1 and of Section 6,
Roadworks.
3.2.3
Ornamental Metal Fences
Ornamental metal fences and gates shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722
Parts 8, 9 and 12 and of Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
3.2.4
Wire Fences
Wire fences shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 Parts 2 and 3 and of
Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
3.2.5
Wood Fences
Wood fences shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 Parts 4, 5, 6, 7 and 11
and of Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
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Open Mesh Steel Panel Fences
Open mesh steel panel fences shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 Part 14
and of Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
3.2.7
Security Fences
Security fences shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 Part 10 and of Section
18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
Any additional requirement by the end user of security fencing shall also be complied with.
3.2.8
Tennis Court Fencing
Tennis court fences shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1722 Part 13 and of
Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
3.3
FIELD GATES
3.3.1
Fittings and dimensions for gates shall be as detailed in the Project Documentation.
Field gates, posts and fittings shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 3470.
All timber for field gates and posts shall be given preservative treatment in accordance with
the provisions of BS 3470 and Section 18, Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery.
All fittings and steel field gates and posts shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with BS
729.
3.4
WIND BREAKS
3.4.1
Components, fittings and dimensions for wind breaks shall be as detailed in the Project
Documentation.
The Contractor shall provide calculations showing that the wind break and its components
can satisfactorily sustain the wind loads.
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3.2.6
END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
04: Fountains and Aquatic Features
Page 1
FOUNTAINS AND AQUATIC FEATURES ................................................................ 2
4.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 2
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
Scope
References
4.2
FOUNTAINS .............................................................................................................. 2
4.2.1
4.3
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................... 3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
Provision of Overflow Drain

Provision of Drain Down
Testing of Features Designed to Retain an Aqueous Liquid
2
2
2
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3
3
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Page 2
FOUNTAINS AND AQUATIC FEATURES
4.1
GENERAL
4.1.1
Scope
This Part specifies the requirements for specifications for water fountains, waterfalls and
other aquatic features.
Related Sections and parts are as follows:

Section 9
Section 19
Section 20
Mechanical and Electrical Work

Plumbing Work
Drainage Works for Buildings
4.1.2
References

BS 7671......................Requirements for electrical installations
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BS EN 60598 .............Luminaries
Project Documentation, the Contractor shall submit appropriate specifications for approval
by the Engineer.
4.2
FOUNTAINS
4.2.1
Pumps for fountains shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section 9, Mechanical and
Electrical Equipment, and Section 19, Plumbing Work.
Pipework associated with fountains shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section 19,
Plumbing Work.
Electrical works related to fountains shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 7671 and
the requirements of QGEWC.
Luminaries for fountains shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 60598-2-18.
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4.1.3
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Page 3
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.3.1
Provision of Overflow Drain
All tanks, water holding structures and the like associated with fountains and aquatic
features shall include provision for an overflow drain.
Overflow pipework shall be sized to accommodate flows in excess of the maximum incoming
flow where appropriate.
Pipework associated with overflow drains shall comply with the relevant provisions of
Section 20, Drainage for Buildings.
4.3.2
Provision of Drain Down
All tanks, water holding structures and the like associated with fountains and aquatic
features shall include provision for a drain down.
Pipework associated with drain downs shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section
20, Drainage for Buildings.
4.3.3
Testing of Features Designed to Retain an Aqueous Liquid
Unless otherwise stated by the Engineer, all structures designed to retain an aqueous liquid
shall be tested for watertightness.
After cleaning, structures designed to retain an aqueous liquid shall be filled with water at a
uniform rate. A period of 21 days shall be allowed by the Contractor for stabilisation, after
which the water level shall be recorded by approved means at 24 hour intervals for a test
period of 7 days. During the test period, the total permissible drop, after allowing for
evaporation and rainfall, shall not exceed 10 mm.
Notwithstanding the satisfactory completion of the above test, any leakage visible on the
outside faces of the structure shall be stopped.
The Contractor is responsible for provision and disposal of water for testing purposes.
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4.3
END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
05: Site Furniture
Page 1
SITE FURNITURE ..................................................................................................... 2
5.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 2
5.1.1
5.1.2
Scope
5.2
PRODUCTS .............................................................................................................. 2
5.2.1
Manufactured Units
5.3
EXECUTION.............................................................................................................. 2
5.3.1
Installation
2
2
2
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Part
05: Site Furniture
Page 2
SITE FURNITURE
5.1
GENERAL
5.1.1
Scope
This Part specifies the requirements for site furniture.
5.1.2
by the Engineer.
5.2
PRODUCTS
5.2.1
Manufactured Units
Items covered in this Part include, but are not limited to the following:
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planters
(b)
benches
(c)
tables
(d)
rubbish bins
(e)
ash type rubbish bins
(f)
combination rubbish bins (ash type/non ash type)
(g)
bicycle storage racks
(h)
street furniture
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(a)
Information on items covered in this Part that are to be submitted to the Engineer for
approval to include:
(a)
dimensions
(b)
weight
(c)
construction
(d)
material
(e)
colour
(f)
finish
5.3
EXECUTION
5.3.1
Installation
Site furnishings and associated components and accessories shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
06: Flag Poles
Page 1
FLAG POLES ........................................................................................................................... 2
6.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 2
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
Scope
References
Submittals
Delivery, Storage and Handling
System Description
6.2
CONSTRUCTION .................................................................................................................... 2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
Materials
Finishes
Installation
2
2
2
2
2
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3
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Part
06: Flag Poles
Page 2
FLAG POLES
6.1
GENERAL
6.1.1
Scope
This Section specifies the requirements for manufacture, materials and installation of flag
poles.
6.1.2
References

BS 729........................Hot dipped galvanized coating
6.1.3
Submittals
The Contractor shall submit the following:

manufacturers descriptive literature for flagpoles, including all components,
accessories and configuration
(b)
shop drawings indicating detailed dimensions, base attachment details and anchor
requirements
(c)
structural calculations showing stability under imposed loads
(d)
two samples illustrating pole material, colour, and finish.
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(a)
Delivery, Storage and Handling
The delivery, storage and handling of components included in this Part shall comply with the
requirements of Section 1, General, and the following clauses.
The flagpole shall be spiral wrapped with protective covering and packed in protective
shipping tubes or containers.
Flagpoles shall be delivered complete with all accessories.
6.1.5
System Description
Each flag pole including fittings, accessories, bases and anchorage devices shall be
provided complete by a single manufacturer.
Flag poles and associated accessories should be designed to withstand wind loads.
Flag poles shall be constructed and delivered to the site in one piece, where possible and
practicable. If more than one piece is necessary, provide close-fitting joints with self-aligning,
internal sleeve arrangement. Joints shall be inconspicuous and weather tight.
The method of hoisting the flag shall be by an internal or external halyard as detailed in the
Project Documentation.
6.2
CONSTRUCTION
6.2.1
Materials
Materials for flag poles shall be as follows unless otherwise detailed in the Project
Documentation:
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6.1.4
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Part
06: Flag Poles
(a)
aluminium
(b)
steel
(c)
stainless steel
(d)
bronze
(e)
fibre glass
Page 3
6.2.2
Finishes
Finishes for flag poles shall be as follows unless otherwise detailed in the Project
Documentation:
(a)
satin brush finish (aluminium, stainless steel and bronze)
(b)
anodised finish (aluminium)
(c)
organic coatings such as paint, air drying epoxies, urethanes, and thermally cured
fluorocarbons (aluminium and steel).
(d)
chemically oxidised (antique) finish (bronze)
(e)
galvanized finish (steel) in accordance with BS 729.
Installation
The flag pole and associated components and accessories shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
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6.2.3
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END OF PART
QCS 2014
Page 1
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PROTECTIVE OR SHADE COVER SYSTEMS ............................................. 2

GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
Scope
2
2
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7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2

Part
07: Protective or Shade Cover Systems
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Part
07: Protective or Shade Cover Systems
Page 2
PROTECTIVE OR SHADE COVER SYSTEMS
7.1
GENERAL
7.1.1
Scope
This Part provides provision for inclusion of special specifications for specialised structures
of protective or shade covering systems. It includes items such as awnings, tents, canopies
of fabric or membrane materials supported by or stretched over metal, plastic or concrete
frames.
7.1.2
by the Engineer.
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END OF PART
QCS 2014
Page 1
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PLAY FIELD AND PARK EQUIPMENT ......................................................... 2

GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
Scope
2
2
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8
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2

Part
08: Play Field and Park Equipment
QCS 2014

Part
08: Play Field and Park Equipment
Page 2
PLAY FIELD AND PARK EQUIPMENT
8.1
GENERAL
8.1.1
Scope
This Part provides provision for inclusion of special specifications for equipment for use in
playing fields and parks for sport and recreational use. It shall include for both active use
for individuals using the facility, and for passive use for individuals observing the active
use.
8.1.2
by the Engineer.
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END OF PART
QCS 2014

Part
09: Miscellaneous Other External Works
Page 1
MISCELLANEOUS OTHER EXTERNAL WORKS .................................................... 2
9.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 2
9.1.1
9.1.2
Scope
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2
2
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Part
09: Miscellaneous Other External Works
Page 2
MISCELLANEOUS OTHER EXTERNAL WORKS
9.1
GENERAL
9.1.1
Scope
This Part provides for inclusion of special specifications for any external building works or
elements designated in the Project Documentation.
9.1.2
by the Engineer.
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END OF PART

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QCS 2014

Section 27: External Works

Supply, Handling and Storage

Section 27: External Works

This Section provides specifications for miscellaneous external works.

Related Sections and Parts are as follows:

The following standards are referred to in this Section:

BS 7671......................Requirements for electrical installations

Any standards or other documentation to support the suitability of Contractor supplied

Supply, Handling and Storage

Approval of Supply Source

Section 27: External Works

BLOCK PAVED AREAS .......................................................................................... 2

PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING FLAGS ................................................................ 3

INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS ................................................... 3

CLAY PAVING BLOCKS ......................................................................................... 4

GRANITE PAVING BLOCKS ................................................................................... 5

INSTALLATION OF PAVING BLOCKS ................................................................... 6

PLAYGROUNDS, PARKS AND OTHER AREAS .................................................... 6

SPORTS ACTIVITY PLAYING SURFACES ............................................................ 6

Section 27: External Works

BLOCK PAVED AREAS

Related Sections are as follows:

The following standards are referred to in this Part:

ASTM C 936 ...............Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units

BS 1014 ......................Pigments for Portland cement and Portland cement products

All items in this Part require approval by the Engineer.

identification of the manufacturer by name or logo

standards to which the block is manufactured

Section 27: External Works

The Contractor is responsible to obtain written approvals or documentation from all

PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING FLAGS

Precast Concrete Flags

Laying Concrete Paving Flags

INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS

Section 27: External Works

The thickness of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be:

80 mm on roads and parking areas unless otherwise detailed in the Project

The strength of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:

Water absorption of interlocking concrete paving blocks shall be as follows:

an average of 3 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1338 shall not be greater

no individual result shall be greater than 6%.

CLAY PAVING BLOCKS

The clay paving blocks shall be classified as follows:

to be used in pedestrian/footpath areas.

to be used in trafficked areas.

Work size thickness

Section 27: External Works

Mean Wet Skid

GRANITE PAVING BLOCKS

Top Surface Finish

Section 27: External Works

INSTALLATION OF PAVING BLOCKS

Joints between blocks shall not exceed 3 mm.

Blocks shall be cut using only a mechanical or hydraulic block splitter.

PLAYGROUNDS, PARKS AND OTHER AREAS

SPORTS ACTIVITY PLAYING SURFACES

Section 27: External Works

FENCES AND GATES ............................................................................................................. 2