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    The man experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after accidentally ingesting sodium fluoroacetate, a rodent poison. Sodium fluoroacetate is derived from acetic acid and found naturally in some plants as a defense mechanism. It is converted in the body to fluorocitrate which inhibits the Krebs cycle by binding to aconitase, preventing cellular respiration and energy production. This leads to a buildup of citrate, decreased glutamate production, increased ammonia levels, and ultimately cell death due to ATP depletion if left untreated. Treatment focuses on removing any ingested toxin through induced vomiting or gastric lavage followed by supportive measures like artificial respiration and intravenous calcium gluconate to address metabolic acidosis and

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    The man experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after accidentally ingesting sodium fluoroacetate, a rodent poison. Sodium fluoroacetate is derived from acetic acid and found naturally in some plants as a defense mechanism. It is converted in the body to fluorocitrate which inhibits the Krebs cycle by binding to aconitase, preventing cellular respiration and energy production. This leads to a buildup of citrate, decreased glutamate production, increased ammonia levels, and ultimately cell death due to ATP depletion if left untreated. Treatment focuses on removing any ingested toxin through induced vomiting or gastric lavage followed by supportive measures like artificial respiration and intravenous calcium gluconate to address metabolic acidosis and

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    The man experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after accidentally ingesting sodium fluoroacetate, a rodent poison. Sodium fluoroacetate is derived from acetic acid and found naturally in some plants as a defense mechanism. It is converted in the body to fluorocitrate which inhibits the Krebs cycle by binding to aconitase, preventing cellular respiration and energy production. This leads to a buildup of citrate, decreased glutamate production, increased ammonia levels, and ultimately cell death due to ATP depletion if left untreated. Treatment focuses on removing any ingested toxin through induced vomiting or gastric lavage followed by supportive measures like artificial respiration and intravenous calcium gluconate to address metabolic acidosis and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views16 pages

    Slide 1

    Uploaded by

    api-299952878
    The man experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after accidentally ingesting sodium fluoroacetate, a rodent poison. Sodium fluoroacetate is derived from acetic acid and found naturally in some plants as a defense mechanism. It is converted in the body to fluorocitrate which inhibits the Krebs cycle by binding to aconitase, preventing cellular respiration and energy production. This leads to a buildup of citrate, decreased glutamate production, increased ammonia levels, and ultimately cell death due to ATP depletion if left untreated. Treatment focuses on removing any ingested toxin through induced vomiting or gastric lavage followed by supportive measures like artificial respiration and intravenous calcium gluconate to address metabolic acidosis and

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    of 16

    FLUOROACETATE TOXIC

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.

    Amirul Syafiq Bin Abu Bakar.


    Lee Yan En
    Norashikin Binti Abdul Rahim.
    Wan Izmalini Binti Wan Mahmud
    Fatin Norafiqah Binti Aripin.
    Nurhazirah Binti Mohd Shukri.
    Zahira Binti Zainal
    Hazirah Binti Abdul Wahab.

    Fluoroacetate
    Toxic
    A man was found having
    nausea, vomiting and
    abdominal pain, sweating,
    confusion and agitation
    follow. His next of kin told the
    triage that he accidentally
    swallow a rodent poison,
    which he thought it is some
    kind of candy placed on the
    kitchen table. The lab results
    were positive for
    fluoroacetate toxic.
    As a pathology researcher,
    you have to explain the whole
    situation (biochemically) to a
    bunch of industrial trainees in
    your pathology lab.

    Convertion of FA to FC

    FLUOROACETATE TOXIC
    Sodium fluoroacetate @ 1080
    poisons.
    Derivatives of acetic acids.
    Found in plants (Australia, South
    America & Africa) as a defense
    mechanism towards pest.
    Use as metabolite poisons.
    How fluoroacetate spread : inhalation, skin & ingestion.

    Physicals properties:
    odorless, colourless, dissolve
    easily in water.
    Taste: like sodium salt

    Krebs Cycle (normal)

    1. Acetyl CoA + OAA Citrate


    Citrate synthase]
    2. Citrate Isocitrate
    Aconitase]

    [Hydration :

    [Dehydration :

    1. Fluroacetate + CoASH Fluoroacetyl CoA


    2. Fluoroacetyl CoA fluorocitrate [use Citrate
    synthase]
    3. fluorocitrate Isocitrate
    Aconitase]

    [inhibit by binding to

    REACTION IN KREBS CYCLES

    What are the impacts?

    Is the process reversible?


    Krebs cycle needs sufficient amount of oxygen to
    proceed
    Fluoroacetate causes patients to have symptoms
    such as hard to breathe, which will cause less intake
    of oxygen
    Krebs cycle will be inhibited
    Due to ATP depletion, It will also inhibit high-energy
    consuming reactions such as gluconeogenesis.
    Gluconeogenesis is the reverse process of Glycolysis.
    Therefore, the process cannot be reversible when
    fluoroacetate is taken.

    EFFECTS

    Glutamate will less produced, [Ammonia] increase,


    urine increase.
    Results in accumulation of citrate in the blood,
    depriving cell of energy.
    ATP cant produce , inhibit high energy consuming.
    Fluoroacetate poisoning caused significant decrease
    in ionized calcium and severe metabolic acidosis
    with increased levels of lactate and pyruvate.

    Treatment?
    http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest16_e.htm
    treatment for sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is mainly
    symptomatic.
    If ingested, vomiting should be induced immediately followed by
    gastric lavage with two to four litres of tap water and instillation of
    15-30 g of saline cathartic.
    Monoacetin (glyceryl monoacetate) 0.5 mg/kg should be injected
    IM every half hour for 12 hours varying the injection sites.
    Artificial respiration with the assistance of oxygen may be
    required.
    Calcium gluconate, 2-3 g per day in 10% solution may be given
    IV.
    To control convulsions barbiturates (preferably phenobarbitone or

    Treatment
    1. Symptomatic treatment
    Is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects
    its symptoms, not its cause.

    2. Vomiting
    Remove any toxin (FA) that ingested by the patient.

    3. Saline cathartic
    Increase fluidity of intestinal contents by osmotic
    forces and indirectly increases motor activity (liquid
    feces).
    Known as salt, epsom salt, used to produce
    evacuation of the bowel.

    4. Monoacetin
    Monoacetin prolonged average survival time to 166 min
    Metabolic acidosis was aggravated in monoacetintreated animals.

    5. IM (intramuscular therapy)
    Within muscle
    Injections here usually have faster rates of absorption of
    medication.

    6. Artificial respiration
    Methods that causes air to flow in and out of a person's
    lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as
    in respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock,
    choking, gas or smoke inhalation, or poisoning.

    7. Calcium gluconate
    Treat a certain muscle disease. Take medication by
    mouth with food.

    8. IV (intravenous therapy)
    Within veins
    The fastest way to deliver fluids and medication
    throughout the body.

    9. Control convulsion barbiturate


    Barbiturates are medicines that act on the central
    nervous system and cause drowsiness and can control
    seizures.
    Barbiturates are in the group of medicines known as
    central nervous system depressants (CNS). Also known
    as sedative-hypnotic drugs, barbiturates make people
    very relaxed, calm, and sleepy.

    Name of group members

    Responsibility

    Amirul Syafiq Bin Abu Bakar

    Involved in group discussion

    Lee Yan En

    Presentation: Treatment

    Norashikin Binti Abdul Rahim.

    Presentation Slides
    Presentation: Effects

    Wan Izmalini Binti Wan Mahmud

    Presentation Slides
    Presentation: Mechanism of
    fluroacetate

    Fatin Norafiqah Binti Aripin.

    Presentation Slides
    Presentation: Introduction

    Nurhazirah Binti Mohd Shukri.

    Presentation Slides
    Presentation: normal Krebs cycle

    Zahira Binti Zainal

    Presentation: Characteristic of
    fluroacetate

    Hazirah Binti Abdul Wahab.

    Presentation: Treatment

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