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    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts: Politecnico Di Milano

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    The document discusses wind energy and wind turbines. It provides an overview of how wind turbines work, their basic anatomy, configurations like gearbox-based and direct-drive, and dimensions. It also discusses trends in offshore wind energy development and research on wind energy at the Politecnico di Milano, including their wind tunnel laboratory.

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    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts: Politecnico Di Milano

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    AlexandreSidant
    33 views30 pages
    The document discusses wind energy and wind turbines. It provides an overview of how wind turbines work, their basic anatomy, configurations like gearbox-based and direct-drive, and dimensions. It also discusses trends in offshore wind energy development and research on wind energy at the Politecnico di Milano, including their wind tunnel laboratory.

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    The document discusses wind energy and wind turbines. It provides an overview of how wind turbines work, their basic anatomy, configurations like gearbox-based and direct-drive, and dimensions. It also discusses trends in offshore wind energy development and research on wind energy at the Politecnico di Milano, including their wind tunnel laboratory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views30 pages

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts: Politecnico Di Milano

    Uploaded by

    AlexandreSidant
    The document discusses wind energy and wind turbines. It provides an overview of how wind turbines work, their basic anatomy, configurations like gearbox-based and direct-drive, and dimensions. It also discusses trends in offshore wind energy development and research on wind energy at the Politecnico di Milano, including their wind tunnel laboratory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 30

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    POLItecnico
    di MIlano

    C.L. Bottasso
    Politecnico di Milano

    November 2011

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Outline
    Basic working principles of a wind turbine, and its anatomy
    Some basic figures
    Trends: the exploitation of off-shore resources
    Wind energy research at the Politecnico di Milano
    Concluding remarks

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    How it Works

    Maximum theoretical aerodynamic efficiency = 16/27 0.593 (Betz limit)


    Aerodynamic efficiency in practice < 0.50

    (plus mechanical and electrical losses)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Anatomy

    (source: GE)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Anatomy

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Gearbox-Based Configurations

    (sources: reuk.co.uk, geograph.org.uk, coriolis-energy.com)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Direct-Drive Configurations

    (sources: wind-energy-the-facts.org, scruss.com, windpowerengineering.com, inhabitat.com, leitwind.com)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Hybrid Concepts

    (sources: wind-energy-the-facts.org, eetweb.com, machinedesign.com)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Dimensions

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Unique Aspects
    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Some differences with respect to aeronautical applications:


    Dimensions: need relatively low cost materials, large volumes
    Reliability/maintenance: performance with simplicity and robustness

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Where is the Wind in Europe

    Forecasts of reasonable accuracy: 6% 24 h, 2.5% 2h (ISET)


    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    The Energy Mix


    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Wind energy cannot have the same importance in all countries


    Different countries should aim at different energy mixes, depending
    on their specific natural resources
    An integrated efficient network enables the management of the energy
    mix within each country (time of the day/season) and across borders

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Installed Wind Energy in Europe

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    and in the World

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Growth Trend

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Wind Energy Share in Europe

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Where We Are wrt the 2020 Objectives

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Comparison with Other Energy Sources

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Cost Comparisons
    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    (source: Vestas)

    cent/kWh

    External costs: due to effects on environment, CO2 emissions, health

    Subsidies: 23.9 G non-renewables, 5.3 G renewables (2001, source EU)


    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Trends: Off-Shore Wind

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Off-Shore Wind
    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Great potential resources

    Great technological problems


    (logistics, maintenance,
    harsh environment)

    great opportunities
    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Trends: Deep Waters

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Some Deep Water Concepts

    (source: Principle Power)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    (source: Deepwater Wind)

    (source: StatoilHydro)

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Wind Energy at the Politecnico di Milano

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    An Example: the Wind Tunnel

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    The Wind Tunnel of the Politecnico


    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Turn-table

    13 m

    Turbulence (boundary layer) generators


    Low speed testing with
    vertical wind profile
    Multiple wind turbine
    testing (wake-machine
    interaction)

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    High speed testing

    POLI-Wind
    Research
    Lab
    Aerodynamic
    characterization
    (Cp-TSR- & CF-TSR- curves)

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    The First Ever Actively-Controlled


    Aeroelastically-Scaled Model

    Pitch actuator:
    Zero backlash gearhead
    Built-in encoder

    Height = 1.87 m
    Radius = 1m

    Main shaft with


    torque meter

    Rotor sensor
    electronics

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    Torque actuator:
    Planetary gearhead
    Torque and speed control

    Pitch actuator
    electronics

    Slip ring

    Conical spiral gears

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Concluding Remarks
    Wind energy by itself does not solve the energy problem
    However, it can contribute significantly, especially in some countries
    Off-shore wind can alleviate some public acceptance issues (NIMBY:
    Not In My Back-Yard), and allows for the exploitation of huge
    available resources

    From the technological point of view, there are many fascinating


    problems that need to be solved (research) and opportunities for
    improvement

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

    Wind Energy: Some Basic Facts

    Further Information
    European Wind Energy Association: www.ewea.org
    Global Wind Energy Council: www.gwec.net

    POLITECNICO di MILANO

    POLI-Wind Research Lab

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