Class

VI

Chapter

Introduction to Algebra

Key Concepts

understanding and differentiating between the

terms

variables
constants
coefficients
numerical coefficients
algebraic operations
terms
expressions

classify

expressions on the basis of terms (i.e.

monomials, binomials, trinomials)

forming factor tree

expressions terms factors

identify

like terms and unlike terms

solving

Vocabulary used
Term/Definition/Example
/Non-Example

addition and subtractions of algebraic

expressions (horizontally and column wise)

variables (literal numbers)

constants
algebraic operations
terms
algebraic expression:
coefficients: eg
numerical coefficients
factors
monomials
binomials
trinomials
uses of words like: times, twice of, quotient
of, more than, less than, half the sum,taken
away etc

Flow of Chapter

exponential form
product form

Introduction of algebra through examples

why we study algebra (video on youtube)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeaQfiWiTcA

understanding variables (literal numbers),

its importance through examples
understanding constants
6FA1 introduction to algebra (hard copy)
video (literal numbers)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejUQLGhETtw

meaning and distinguishing of coefficients

and numerical coefficients with examples
video
(coefficients
and
numerical
coefficients)
6FA2 introduction to algebra (hard copy)
Basic algebraic operations(+, - ,X and )
and formation of algebraic expressions
reading terms of an algebraic expression
Finding factors from a given term
6FA3 introduction to algebra(hard copy)
Understanding exponential form
Understanding product form
6FA4 introduction to algebra (hard copy)
properties of literal numbers
like terms and unlike terms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imHIfE3dMAo

classification of algebraic expression as

monomials, binomials, trinomials
6FA5 introduction to algebra (hard copy)
6EA1 introduction to algebra (hardcopy,
crossward)
addition and subtraction of monomials
(both horizontal and column methods)
addition and subtraction of monomials with
binomials and trinomials (both methods)
value of expression for given values of
variables
6FA6 introduction to algebra (hard copy)
6EA2 introduction to algebra (hardcopy,
expression of the day)


Common
committed

ASSIGNMENT

errors common topics:

opening brackets
change of sign
powers of brackets

questions:

(pg -103, Q3)- write the product form of (3x)

and 3x . Are they same?
(pg 98, Q2 (i) )- write the expression for 3
times x
(pg-113, Q5, 6 )

Q5. From the sum of (x +x +1) and (x -x+1) ,

subtract (-x -x +1)
2

Introduction of topic

origin and history of algebra:(video)

(Video Script)

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/introd
uction-to-algebra/overview_hist_alg/v/origins-ofalgebra
video for introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3dFHt9p5W8

Enrichment activities (4 6EA1 introduction to algebra

to 5)
cross words for vocabulary (hardcopy given)
For understanding of
6EA2 introduction to algebra
concepts
algebraic expression of the day (hardcopy given)

Assessment tasks

assessment task table

With Rubrics (3 to 4)
Assignment
for 6A1 remedial, Introduction to algebra (separate
DIFFERENT learners
document)
6A1, HOTS, introduction to algebra (hardcopy)
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BMR3Rrzec

Nd8iYR14d-y412Vt5flQe7OXKS2op-TSFs/edit

Suggested
resources

Enrichment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3dFHt9p5W8
(introduction)

(Videos/models/objects)
Project/Interdisciplinary
activity/Extension
activity

Make a project with all desired evidence for

plotting the uses of algebra in our day to day life.

Points for emphasis-

Teachers may give

surroundings, like

(hint: algebra is used in decision making for

optimum benefit, calculating interest, calculating
area of any surface, for business strategies for
scientific analysis)

examples

from

our

Remarks for teachers

with examples
variable is: time, age, temperature, seasons etc
constant: nationality,distance between the sun
and the moon etc

CLASS VI
6 flow of chapter, INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRA
Introduction :
In our day to day life, we use many calculations using addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. For example
1. We go to market, purchase the material, pay for it and receive the balance
amount.
2. We cover a notebook, estimate the area to be covered, use the cover
accordingly.
3. We deposit money in bank; we get interest on our savings. We use formula for
calculating it. These are the uses of basic operations of mathematics. Thus, the
deals with numbers and basic operations together called Algebra.
Why we study Algebra ?

why we study algebra (video on youtube)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeaQfiWiTcA

Understanding literal numbers, its importance through examples.

We see many things around us which keeps on changing. For example
temperature, time, seasons, age etc.
The quantities which keep on changing are called Variables. (Vary- keeps on
changing)
Importance of Variables
As the quantities which are variables are not fixed, so we cannot fix a number for
them. Thus we required the symbols for denoting them. These symbols may be
any alphabet or some other symbol like x, y, z, p, q, w etc.
We use these and many more to represent a variable.
For example- An amount deposit in bank yields to an interest paid by bank at r %
per annum.
r % - rate of interest which vary according to type of deposit.
Meaning of ConstantsTeacher may ask students
1. the number of days in month of January =31 which is constant,
2. Grams in 3 Kg =3000 g which is constant,
3. No. of days in a week =7 which is constant
Conclusion : So, quantities which are fixed (and not changing) are called
constant.
*Formative Assessment- Worksheet 1
(Based on Literal Numbers and Constants is attached.)
*Video on Literal Numbers
Coefficient:
Let 3,x,y be the factors
So, product of these factors= 3 X x X y
= 3xy
Coefficient of x in 3xy = 3y (hide x and remaining factors are coefficient)
Coefficient of y in 3xy = 3x
Coefficient of xy in 3xy= 3
Numerical Coefficient :
Numerical is related to numbers so the numeral part of any algebraic term is its
numerical coefficient.
-: Numerical coefficient of 3xy= 3

Numerical coefficient of -7p2 = -7

( : -7p2= -7 XpXp)

(Note that numerical coefficient of -7p2 is not 7 and 2 , because here 2

resprents the occurance of p two times.

Observation: Coefficeint may be a composition of variable or constant or

both but, Numerical coefficient is ONLY the numerical part of a term.
*WORKSHEET = 2
(Numerical coefficients and coefficients) attached .
Basic Algebric Operation and formation of Algebric Expression.
Basic operations +, - , x , which are used for basic calculations are the
Algebraic Expressions.
Formation of algebraic Expressions
An Expression (Mathematical) is composed of variables, constants and
algebraic operation.
For Example : 2x2 - 3y+ 7
Here 2, -3 and 7 are constants and a&y are variables
Operations used are +, -, x
Reading the terms of an algebraic expression
Parts of an algebraic expression separated by + and are called its terms.
Consider the Algebraic Expression
2 x2 - 4zy2 + 3x2 y

Terms

Factors

2x2

-4zy2

-4 z

3x2y

Worksheet 3 (Based on terms and factors) is attached.

Understanding Exponential Form

Suppose 2 is multiplied with itself 3 times = 2x2x2 = 23 = 2 is base and 3 is
power
23 is the exponential form of 2x2x2
Write exponential form of
1. x X x X x X x X x
2. (-7) X x X x X y X y X y = -7 x2y3 (x multiplied twice and y multiplied 3 times)
Product Form
(with the help of example)
Factorise 24, Prime factors of 24 = 2,2,2,3
Then 24=2x2x2x3.
Thus, 2x2x2x3 is the product form of 24.
Now, Write the product form of
2 x2y= 2x XxXxy
-5x17= 5xXxXxX____ 17 times
Properties of Literal Numbers and Like and unlike Terms
(explained afterwards)
Classification of Algebric Expression as monomial, binomials and
trimonials
Look at the given expression and observe a pattern :
1.
2.
3.
4.

2x2y
3x-4y+7
7x+5y
3lm+4mn+5nl

1 has one term ----- an expression having only 1 term is monomial

And 4 has 3 terms----- an expression having exactly 2 terms (unlike terms) is
called Binomial
Has two terms----- An expression having exactly 3 terms (unlike terms) is called
Trinomial.
Special Case
2x-3xy+4yx

Note that xy = yx

Therefore, -3xy and 4 yx are like terms (previous knowledge -3 +4= 1)

Thus, 2x-3xy +4yx is NOT a TRINOMIAL , it is a BINOMIAL.
Properties of Literal Numbers (has to be before classification)
Recall properties of natural and Whole Numbers done in Unit-1
Literal Numbers also hold all those all those properties

Symbolically,
Xxy +yxX
X x 1 = 1 x X= X
X+0=0xX=0

X+y=y+X

X1=X

X + 0= 0+X=X

But 1 X X

Xx=0

Like and Unlike Terms (before classification)

Look carefully, 1. 3x2, 4x2---- Variables parts are same.
2. -7xy, -5p3 ---- Not same
3. 32 xy2, 32 x2y ---- Not same.
Therefore, the terms whose Variable parts are exactly the same are called like
terms.
And those terms whose Variable parts are not exactly same are unlike terms.
Plot more examples.
Worksheet 5 (Based on classification, properties, like and unlike terms) is
attached.
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expression
1. Monomial to monomial
Activity : Let there be a bucket full of many balls of Colour red (R) , Green (G)
Blue ( B ) and Yellow (y). Separate the balls and put them in other baskets of
Respective Colours.
Now, Red ball cannot go in any bucket other than Red. Similarly, Yellow ball
cannot go in any bucket other than Yellow and so on.
This happen because colour of the balls and respective colour of bucket are alike.
Similarly, like terms are solved together during the operations addition and
subtraction.
Now, consider the monomials
A. Add 2xy , 7 xy
Step 1: (check if the monomials are like terms or not)
Yes, 2xy and 7xy are like terms.
Step 2: (arrange in column)
2xy + 7xy = 9xy (Variable part remains same and Constant 9 = (2+7)

This method is called as Column Method

Alternate Method is Horizontal Method.
i.e. Step 1 : Arrange Horizontally
= 2xy + 7xy
Step 2 Add
= 9xy
B. Subtract 2xy from 7xy
Step 1: 2xy and 7xy are like terms.
Step 2 : Arrange in Column
7xy
-2xy
__________ (7-2=5)
5xy
2. Addition and Subtraction of Binomials
Add 3p-7q and -4p+ 5q
Step 1 :Identify like terms of both expressions
3p & -4p , -7q & 5q
Step 2 : Arrange in columns
3p 7q
-4p+ 5q
(like terms are in same Column)
_______
(3-4= -1, -7+5= -2) Done in integers.
-1 p 2q
Subtract (3p-7q) from (-4p + 5q)
Step 1: Identify Like Terms
Step 2 Arrange in Columns
Step 3 : change sign.
3p- 7q
-4p + 5q
______
7p 12 q

{ Recall Integers 3 (-4) = 3+4

=7
and -7 (5) = -7-5
= - 12 }

Monomial , Binomials and Trinomials in addition and Subtraction of Algebraic

Expressions
Add 2x + 3y 7z and 4x 3z
Arrange in columns , and the ans. Is 6x + 3y 10 z
Subtract (2x + 3y 7z) from (14x 3z)
Step 1 : Arrange in Columns
Step 2 : Change signs : the ans. Is 2x + 4z 3y
Special Question :
WS -6, Q4 and 5

Teacher may put more emphasis on these questions.

Worksheet 6 : (Based on Addition and Subtraction) is attached.
Value of Expression for given Value of Variables
Since literals re the quantities which are not fixed but still they attain some
numeral value at a given time.
Here, we find the value of expression for a given value of literal numbers.
Let the expression be 2p 3q +1
Find its value at p= 2, q=1
It means, we substitute the value of p=2 and q=1 in 2p 3q + 1
= (2 X2) (3 X 1) + 1 [ use DMAS, already done in class V]
= 4-3+ 1
= 5-3
=2
If p= 1, q= -1, r= 0
Find the value of 7pqr
7pqr= 7XpXqXr
7X1X (-1) X0
=0
(use property)

6 FA 1 - Introduction to Algebra
Assignment on Variables and Constants
Identify the following as Variable or Constants:
1. Degrees in obtuse angle:
______________________________________________________
2. Number of days in
February:___________________________________________________
3. Age of a person:
_____________________________________________________________
4. Number of days in
June:_______________________________________________________
5. Number of metres in a
kilometer:_______________________________________________
6. Number of oranges in one dozen
orange:_________________________________________
7. Changing of
seasons:_________________________________________________________
8. Phases of
moon:_____________________________________________________________
9. Height of a
plant:____________________________________________________________
10.Number of letters in English
Alphabet.:___________________________________________
Give 5 examples of Variables
1.
2
3
4

5
Give 5 examples of Constants
1
2
3
4
5

6 FA 2 -Introduction to Algebra
Assignment 2 (Variables and Coefficients)
Q.1. Write the coefficient of :
a) x in 3x
b) y in 43 y
c) x2 in 6 x2y
d) c in 8abc
e) x in x
Q.2. Write the numerical coefficient in :
a) 7x
b) 5yz
c) 73 a2 bc
d) y
e) b

6 FA 3 - Introduction to Algebra
Assignment 3 Algebraic expression
terms and factors
Q.1. Separate the terms of the following algebraic expression:
a. x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz
b. 6 a2 + 3ab 2 b2+ 4
Q.2. Write the algebraic expression whose terma are :
a) 4a, 6b, -8c
b) 7x2y 5 xy2 - 1
Q.3. Write the factors of the following terms:
a) 2 x2 y
b) 4 pq2
c) -7 l m2

6 FA 4 - Introduction to Algebra
Assignment 4 Exponential form and
product form
Q.1. Write the exponential form of :
a) 14 x X x X x y xz
b) q x q x q x q x q
c) -2 x l x lx l x m x m x m
d) a x a x a x a x- - - - - - - 27 times
Q.2. Write the product form of the following :
a) p5
b) x20
c) 43 a2bc
d) (-c)5
Q.3. Write the product form of (4x)3 and 4x3. Are they same ?

6 FA 5 - Introduction to Algebra
Assignment 5 Classification of Algebraic expression, Properties
of Literal numbers, like and unlike terms:
Q.1. Classify each of the following as monomial, binomial and trinomial:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2
7xyz
a+b
x2 y 7xy + 3yx
p2q 3px 7xq

Q.2. Fill in the blanks using suitable properties:

a) 3a + b = ____ + 3a
b) 7q 1 = ___
c) (-2x) x 5y = 5y x ____
d) 9y x 0 = _____
Q.3. Identify the following as like and unlike terms:
a) 2x, 5x, -3y , 4x
b) 7ab , -4ab
c) 6x, -2y, 14 z , 2x2

6 FA 6 -Introduction to Algebra

Formative Assessment Worksheet -6

Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expression:
Q.1. Find the sum using column method :
a) 7a + 2b and 6a 8b
b) -7x 3y and 4x 7y
Q.2. Find the sum using horizontal method :
a) 4a 2b + c +6 and a +4b -2c -7
b) 9x +6y and 4x -2y
Q.3. Subtract by column method:
a) 4x2y 3xy2 from -12x2y + 7xy2
b) 6a3 + 2b3- 4ab from -3a3 - 4b3+ ab
Q.4. Subtract by Horizontal method:
a) -2a2 + 6b2 from -9a2 + 8b2
b) 6x3 + 3x2 -x 2 from 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x 2
Q.5. From the sum of 4 x2 + 2x + 1 and 2x2+ 2x + 1 subtract -2x2 - 2x + 1
Q.6. Subtract the sum of 4a + 6b, 4a 2b +c, -a +2c and 2a + 2b-3 from 9a -7b
+ 8.

_______

6 A 1 - Introduction to Algebra
Assignment 1
Q.1. Identify the following as Variables or constants:
a) Height of a person
b) Nationality
c) Degrees in Right Angle
Q.2. Write the numerical coefficient in :
a) y in 8y
b) a2 in 7 a2b
Q.3. Write the numerical coefficient in :
a) 9a
b) x

Q.4. Separate the terms of the following algebraic expressions:

a) a3+ b3 + c3 - 3abc
b) 7x2 + 9x - 2x2 + 5
Q.5. Write the factors of the following terms:
a) 4 a2b
b) -9xy
c) 8r2m
Q.6. Write the algebraic expression whose terms are:
a) 7x , 3y , -9z
b) 2a2b 4xy2 - 1
Q.7. Write the exponential form of :
a) -7 x a x a x a x b x b
b) X x X x X x X x X - - - - - - - - - - 29 times
Q.8. Write the product form of :
a) q7
b) (- x9)
Q.9. Write the product form of ( 9x)2 and 9x2 Are they same ?
Q.10. Classify each of the following as monomial, binomial and trinomial:
a) 9
b) p+q
c) a2 b 4ac 3bc
Q.11. Fill in the blanks using suitable properties:
A) 9a 1 = ____
b) 2x X 0 = _____
c) 7r + m = _________ + 7r
Q.12. Identify the following as like and unlike terms.
a) 9xy , - 5xy
b) 2r , -m , 14 p , 2 r2
Q.13. Find the sum of the following :
a) 9 l + 7 m and 3 l 2m

b) 8x 4y +z+9 and x+4y 3z +2

Q.14. Subtract the following :
a) 2a2b 2ab2 from 4a2 b + 9ab2
b) 3r2 + 2m3 - 4rm from 4r3 - 4m3 + r m
Q.15. If p=1, q= - 2, r= 0, find the value of q2r

(a) 3p-2q +r

(b) 7p -32

6 A 1, HOTS INTRODUCTION TO
ALGEBRA
Q.1. Rita has 8 more toffees than Mohit. If Mohit has y toffees, how many
does Rita have ?
Q.2. I had a 19 metre long rope. I used y metres of it for my house. How
much rope is left with me ?
Q.3. Classify each of the following as monomial, binomial, trimonial or
quadrinomial expressions
a) x2 + 3 xy + y2
b) pq + qr + rp pqr
c) x 2y -2 +8
d) 2p 3q + 7
Q.4. Is 9p + 7q +3p, a trimonial expression ? why not ?
Q.5. Add the following by column method and horizontal method both :
a) 9x + 2y + 3xy, 4x + 10y 4 xy and -4xy and -4x -3y
b) 4a + 3b 2a + 6b + 5a
Q.6. From the sum of ( -3 x2 + 2 x 7) and ( 4x2+ 15 2x ), Subtract the
sum of (5x - 3x2 +15) and ( 25 + 4x2)
6-A1, Introduction to Algebra
Remedial Worksheet
Translate algebraic expression:

1. 7 times p added to 3 times q : ________________

2. 8 times p subtracted from 5 times r : __________
3. half a number x: ___________________________
2

Fill in the gaps:

Identify the following as monomial, binomial and trinomials

1. 2xy +3yz -5xy______________________________________
2. 3 + 5p
______________________________________
3. 7pqr
______________________________________
Identify the like terms and encircle them
1. 2xy, 5yz, 7yx, 2y
2. 6pqr, -5 p q, - pqr, 3pq
2

Find the sum of the following monomials

1. 7w, 15w
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. -53x , 33x
2

Enrichment activity -1
Crossword
2 l
1 v
6 c
3e

4f

5
n

Cross
1.Quantity which vary
3.base raise to the power

Down
2.terms having same variable factors
4.composition parts of a term

5.only numeral part of a term

6.quantity whose value is fixed

Enrichment Activity
Algebraic Expression of the Day
Teacher may write an algebraic expression on the board and ask students to
write/speak the following about the given expression.
Or
Teacher may invite a student to write an algebraic expression and do the same
for it.
e.g 2x2 - 7xy3 + 57
Constant Term _____
Variable Used ___________
Constant Used _____________
Terms __________
Coefficient of terms _________
Type of Expression ______________
Teacher may give a new algebraic expression everyday till the above concepts
are clear to the students.

Activity
let the length of a 30cm long ruler be x (dummy symbol is given to it). do the following:
a. find the length of the floor of the classroom (in the terms of an algebraic expression)
b. find the breadth of the floor of the classroom (in the terms of an algebraic expression)
c. Hence, find the perimeter of the floor.(in the terms of an algebraic expression)
d. put x=30 , and find actual value of perimeter
Repeat the same for two more areas.
objectives
represent measurements
using algebraic expression
use the concepts of algebra
in daily life

translation in
expression

identifying as
like terms

correctness in
solving

finding values
for x=30cms

find the value of length,

breadth and perimeter by
putting x=30cms