Notes 5 - Waveguides Part 2 Parallel Plate

ECE53176351
MicrowaveEngineering
Fall2011
Prof.DavidR.Jackson
Dept.ofECE
Notes5
WaveguidesPart2:
ParallelPlateWaveguide
FieldEquations(fromNotes4)
Summary
Hx =
Ez
H z
j
k
z
c
y
x
kc2
Theseequationswillbeusefultous
inthepresentdiscussion.
j
Ez
H z
kz
H y = 2 c
x
y
kc
Ex =
Ez
H z
j
k
z
x
y
kc2
k 2 = 2 c
kc = ( k k
2
Ez
H z
j
+
Ey = 2 kz
y
x
kc
2 1/2
z
ParallelPlateWaveguide
Both plates assumed PEC
w >> d,
=0
x
Neglectx variation,
edgeeffects
Theparallelplatestrictureisagood1ST ordermodelfora
microstripline.
,
3
TEMMode
Parallelplatewaveguide
2conductors 1TEMmode
TosolveforTEMmode:
for
t2 = 0
0 xw
0 yd
Boundaryconditions:
( x, 0) = 0 ; ( x, d ) = V0
2
2
= 2 + 2 = 0
x y
2
t
k z = j = k =
c = k jk
= k
= k
c = j
TEMMode(cont.)
2
=0
2
y
where
( x, 0 ) = 0 & ( x, d ) = V0
( x, y ) = A + By
V
( x, y ) = 0 y ; 0 x w
d
0 yd
et ( x, y ) = t = y
@ y=0
A=0
@y=d
Vo
= y
d
y
E ( x, y, z ) = et ( x, y )e
jkz
B=
V0
d
V0 jkz
= y e
d
k z = k = c
c = j
TEMMode(cont.)
E ( x, y, z ) = y
V0 jkz
e
d
Recall
H=
( z E )
V0 jkz
H ( x, y, z ) = x
e
d
Forawaveprop.in+ z direction
y
Timeave.powerflowin+ z direction:
V0
P+ =
E
H
x
2
wd
1 V0
= Re * 2
2 0 0 d
=
P+ =
1 2 w 1 2 k z
V0 Re * e
2
d
1
Re ( E H ) z dS
2 s
2 k z
z z e
dydx)
1
1 2 1
V0 2 ( wd ) Re * e 2 k z
2
d

6
TEMMode(cont.)
Transmissionlinevoltage
y
V ( z ) = E y dy
k z = k = c
V ( z ) = V0 e jkz
I ( z ) = H ( x, d , z ) x dx
0
I0
CharacteristicImpedance
V0 e jkz
Z0 =
I 0 e jkz
Z0 =
V w
I ( z ) = 0 e jkz
d
Note:
PEC : J s = n H
+
sz
J = Hz
x
w
Transmissionlinecurrent
, ,
(Assume+ z wave)
d
w
PhaseVelocity(losslesscase)
vp =
c
=
=

r r
c = 2.99792458 108 m/s

7
TEMMode(cont.)
Forwavepropagatingin+ z direction
Timeave.powerflowin+z direction:
(calculatedusingthevoltageandcurrent)
1
Re {VI *}
2
V w * 2 k z
1
= R e V0 0 e
2
d
P+ =
P+ =
Recallthatwefoundfrom
thefieldsthat:
1 2 w 1
P = V0 Re * e 2 k z
2
d
+
1
1
2 w
V0 R e *
2
d
2 k z
e
same
Thisisexpected,sinceaTEMmodeisa
transmissionlinetypeofmode,whichis
describedbyvoltageandcurrent.
8
TEMMode(cont.)
WecanviewtheTEMmodeinaparallelplatewaveguideasa
pieceofaplanewave.
y
E
H
PEC
, ,
PMC
PMC
PEC
ThePECandPMSwallsdonotdisturbthefieldsoftheplanewave.
PEC :
n E = 0
PMC :
n H = 0
9
TMz Modes(Hz = 0)
Recall Ez ( x, y, z ) = ez ( x, y ) e jk z z
where
2
2
2
2 + 2 + kc ez = 0,
x y
1
2 2
z
kc = [ k 2 k ]
subject to B.C.s Ez = 0 @ y = 0, d
ez ( x, y ) = A sin(kc y ) + B cos(kc y )
@y=0 B=0
@ y = d kc d = n
n = 0,1, 2,.... kc =
n
d
10
TMz Modes(cont.)
n
ez ( x, y ) = A sin
y
d
n = 0,1, 2,...
n jkz z
ye
Ez = An sin
d
k z = k 2 kc2
n
= k
k 2 = 2 c
Recall:
j c Ez j c n
n
Hx = 2
= 2 An
cos
kc y
kc
d
d
jk Ez
jk
n
n
E y = 2z
cos
= 2z An
kc y
kc
d
d
Ex = 0
Hy = 0
No x variation
y e jk z z
y e jkz z
Hz = 0
11
TMz Modes(cont.)
Summary
n jk z z
Ez = An sin
ye
d
jk z
n jk z z
An cos
ye
kc
d
j c
n jk z z
Hx =
An cos
ye
kc
d
Ey =
Ex = H y = H z = 0
kc =
n
;
d
n = 0,1, 2,...
n
kz = k 2
d
k 2 = 2 c
Eachvalueofn correspondstoaunique
TMfieldsolutionormode.
TMn mode
Note:
n = 0 kz = k
TM 0 = TEM
(Inthiscase,weabsorbtheAn coefficient
withthekc term.)
12
TMz Modes(cont.)
LosslessCase
kc
kz = k
= k k
2
2
c
1
2
1
2
c = =
n = 0,1, 2,...
k 2 = 2
for k 2 > kc2
k z = = k 2 kc2
propagating mode
for k 2 < kc2
k z = j kc2 k 2 = j
e jk z z = e z
Fieldsdecayexponentially
evanescentfields
cutoffmode
13
TMz Modes(cont.)
Frequencythatdefinesborderbetweencutoffandpropagation
(losslesscase):
f cutofffrequency
= =
c
@ f = f cn
k = kc cn =
n
f cn =
2d
n
d
cutofffrequencyforTMn mode
f c1
fc2
fc3
14
TMz Modes(cont.)
Timeaveragepowerflowinz direction(losslesscase):
=
PTMn
1
Re ( E H * ) z dydx
2 0 0
wd
c = =
wd
1
*
= Re E y H x dydx
2 0 0
PTMn
2 n
Re{
}
cos
k
A
w
y
z
n
0 d dy
2kc2
d
;
0
n
>
2
= 2 Re{k z } An w 2
2kc
d ; n = 0
n = 0,1, 2,...
Realforf > fc
Imaginaryforf < fc
15
TEz Modes
Recall
H z ( x, y, z ) = hz ( x, y ) e jk z z
where
2
2
2
2 + 2 + kc hz ( x, y ) = 0,
x y
subject to B.C.s Ex = 0
1
2 2
z
kc = [ k k ]
2
@ y=0, d
1 H z H y
Ex =
z
j c y
hz = A sin(kc y ) + B cos(kc y )
PEC : H n = 0
@y =0 A=0
n
@ y = d kc d = n , n = 1, 2,3,... kc =
d
16
TEz Modes(cont.)
n
hz ( x, y ) = Bn cos
y n = 1, 2,3, ...
d
n jk z z
ye
H z = Bn cos
d
k z = k 2 kc2
Recall:
j H z j n n jk z z
= 2 Bn
Ex =
ye
sin
2
kc
kc
y
d d
jk H z
jk
n n jk z z
H y = 2z
y e
= 2z Bn
sin
kc y
kc
d d
Hx = 0
Ey = 0
No x variation
n
= k2
k 2 = 2 c
Ez = 0
17
TEz Modes(cont.)
Summary
n jkz z
H z = Bn cos
ye
d
j
n jkz z
Bn sin
ye
kc
d
jk z
n jkz z
Hy =
Bn sin
ye
kc
d
Ex =
H x = E y = Ez = 0
kc =
n
; n = 1, 2,...
d
n
kz = k 2
d
k 2 = 2 c
Eachvalueofn correspondstoa
uniqueTEfieldsolutionormode.
TEn mode
Cutofffrequency
n 1
f cn =
2d
18
AllModes
Forallthemodesofaparallelplatewaveguide,wehave
n 1
f cn =
2d
f c1
c = =
fc2
fc3
Themodewithlowestcutofffrequencyiscalledthedominant
modeofthewaveguide.
19
PowerinTEz Mode
Timeaveragepowerflowinz direction(losslesscase):
TEn
c = =
1
*
= Re ( E H ) z dydx
2 0 0
wd
wd
1
= Re Ex H *y dydx
2 0 0
TEn
2 n
k
B
W
y
Re{
}
sin
z
n
dy
2
2kc
d
0
4k
2
c
Re {k z } Bn
(Wd )
n = 1,2,..
Realforf > fc
Imaginaryforf < fc
20
FieldPlots
y
TEM
x
y
x
TM1
y
TE1
21

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ECE53176351

c = 2.99792458 108 m/s

for k 2 > kc2

for k 2 < kc2

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