Approved July 12, 2004

Kindergarten Science Curriculum

The Georgia Performance Standards are designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills
for proficiency in science at the kindergarten level. The Project 2061s Benchmarks for Science
Literacy is used as the core of the curriculum to determine appropriate content and process skills for
students. The GPS is also aligned to the National Research Councils National Science Education
Standards. Technology is infused into the curriculum. The relationship between science, our
environment, and our everyday world is crucial to each students success and should be emphasized.
The performance standards should drive instruction. Hands-on, student-centered, and inquiry-based
approaches should be the emphases of instruction. This curriculum is intended as a required
curriculum that would show proficiency in science, and instruction should extend beyond the
curriculum to meet student needs. Safety of the student should always be foremost in science
instruction.
Science consists of a way of thinking and investigating, as well a growing body of knowledge about
the natural world. To become literate in science, therefore, students need to acquire an understanding
of both the Characteristics of Science and its Content. The Georgia Performance Standards for
Science require that instruction be organized so that these are treated together. Therefore, A
CONTENT STANDARD IS NOT MET UNLESS APPLICABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
SCIENCE ARE ALSO ADDRESSED AT THE SAME TIME. For this reason they are presented
as co-requisites.
This Performance Standards include four major components. They are
The Standards for Georgia Science Courses. The Characteristics of Science co-requisite
standards are listed first, followed by the Content co-requisite standards. Each Standard is
followed by elements that indicate the specific learning goals associated with it.
Tasks that students should be able to perform during or by the end of the course. These
are keyed to the relevant Standards. Some of these can serve as activities that will help
students achieve the learning goals of the Standard. Some can be used to assess student
learning, and many can serve both purposes.
Samples of student work. As a way of indicating what it takes to meet a Standard, examples
of successful student work are provided. Many of these illustrate how student work can
bridge the Content and Characteristics of Science Standards. The Georgia DOE Standards
web site will continue to add samples as they are identified and teachers are encouraged to
submit examples from their own classroom experiences.
Teacher Commentary. Teacher commentary is meant to open the pathways of
communication between students and the classroom teacher. Showing students why they did
or did not meet a standard enables them to take ownership of their own learning.

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
8/29/2006 3:22 PM Page 1 of 5
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Approved July 12, 2004

Georgia Performance Science Standards-- Explanation of Coding

Characteristics of Science Standards

SKCS1
Science Kindergarten Characteristics of Science Standard #1
S8CS2
Science Grade 8 Characteristics of Science Standard #2
SCSh8
Science Characteristics of Science high school Standard #8

Content Standards
S5P3
Science Grade 5 Physical Science Standard #3
S4E2
Science Grade 4 Earth Science Standard #2
S7L4
Science Grade 7 Life Science Standard #4
SC1
Science Chemistry Standard #1
SB4
Science Biology Standard #4
SPS6
Science Physical Science Standard #6
SP3
Science Physics Standard #3

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
8/29/2006 3:22 PM Page 2 of 5
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Approved July 12, 2004

Kindergarten students raise questions about the world around them. They learn to use whole
numbers to describe scientific data and how to identify parts of things (i.e. tools and toys).
Kindergarteners describe, compare, and sort items according to physical attributes (i.e. number,
shape, texture, size, weight, color, and motion). They use their senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and
sound) to group objects. They learn to follow rules to stay safe.
My World and Me
Kindergarten students have a natural interest in the world around them. Though not
developmentally ready for in-depth explanations, they wonder why things move and note the various
patterns. They notice that the sun and moon appear and disappear in the sky. The kindergarteners
use their senses to make observations about physical attributes and are aware of similarities and
differences.
Major Concepts/ Skills:
Earth Science
Day and night sky
Sorts rocks and soils
Physical Science
Physical Attributes
as observed using the 5 senses
Composition of materials
Motion
Life Science
Living/nonliving
Animals/Plants
Parents and offspring

Concepts/Skills to Maintain:
Habits of Mind:
Ask questions
Use numbers to quantify
Use tools to measure and view
Look at parts of things
Describe and compare using
physical attributes
Observe using their senses and
describe observation

Co-Requisite - Characteristics of Science

Habits of Mind
SKCS1. Students will be aware of the importance of curiosity, honesty, openness, and
skepticism in science and will exhibit these traits in their own efforts to
understand how the world works.
a. Raise questions about the world around you and be willing to seek answers to some
of the questions by making careful observations (5 senses) and trying things out.
SKCS2. Students will have the computation and estimation skills necessary for analyzing data
and following scientific explanations.
a. Use whole numbers for counting, identifying, and describing things and experiences.
b. Make quantitative estimates of nonstandard measurements (blocks, counters) and
check by measuring.
SKCS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, and
manipulating objects in scientific activities.
Georgia Department of Education
Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
8/29/2006 3:22 PM Page 3 of 5
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Approved July 12, 2004

a. Use ordinary hand tools and instruments to construct, measure (for example: balance
scales to determine heavy/light, weather data, nonstandard units for length), and look
at objects (for example: magnifiers to look at rocks and soils).
b. Make something that can actually be used to perform a task, using paper, cardboard,
wood, plastic, metal, or existing objects. (For example: paper plate day and night
sky models)
SKCS4. Students will use the ideas of system, model, change, and scale in exploring
scientific and technological matters.
a. Use a modelsuch as a toy or a pictureto describe a feature of the primary thing.
b. Describe changes in size, weight, color, or movement, and note which of their other
qualities remains the same. (For example, playing Follow the Leader and noting
the changes.)
c. Compare very different sizes (large/small), ages (parent/baby), speeds (fast/slow), and
weights (heavy/light) of both manmade and natural things.
SKCS5. Students will communicate scientific ideas and activities clearly.
a. Describe and compare things in terms of number, shape, texture, size, weight, color,
and motion.
b. Begin to draw pictures that portray features of the thing being described.
Nature of Science
SKCS6. Students will understand the important features of the process of scientific inquiry.
Students will apply the following to inquiry learning practices:
a. In doing science, it is often helpful to work with a team and to share findings with
others.
b. Tools such as rulers, magnifiers, and balance scales often give more information
about things than can be obtained by just observing things without help.
c. Much can be learned about plants and animals by observing them closely, but care
must be taken to know the needs of living things and how to provide for them
(classroom pets).

Co-Requisite - Content
Earth Science
SKE1. Students will describe time patterns (such as day to night and night to day) and objects
(such as sun, moon, stars) in the day and night sky.
a. Describe changes that occur in the sky during the day, as day turns into night, during
the night, and as night turns into day.
b. Classify objects according to those seen in the day sky and those seen in the night
sky.
c. Recognize that the Sun supplies heat and light to Earth.
SKE2. Students will describe the physical attributes of rocks and soils.
a. Use senses to observe and group rocks by physical attributes such as large/small,
heavy/light, smooth/rough, dark/light, etc.
Georgia Department of Education
Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
8/29/2006 3:22 PM Page 4 of 5
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Approved July 12, 2004

b. Use senses to observe soils by physical attributes such as smell, texture, color,
particle/grain size.
c. Recognize earth materials soil, rocks, water, air, etc.
Physical Science
SKP1. Students will describe objects in terms of the materials they are made of and their
physical properties.
a. Compare and sort materials of different composition (common materials include clay,
cloth, paper, plastic, etc.).
b. Use senses to classify common materials, such as buttons or swatches of cloth,
according to their physical attributes (color, size, shape, weight, texture, buoyancy,
flexibility).
SKP2. Students will investigate different types of motion.
a. Sort objects into categories according to their motion. (straight, zigzag, round and
round, back and forth, fast and slow, and motionless)
b. Push, pull, and roll common objects and describe their motions.
SKP3. Students will observe and communicate effects of gravity on objects.
a. Recognize that some things, such as airplanes and birds, are in the sky, but return to
earth.
b. Recognize that the sun, moon, and stars are in the sky, but dont come down.
c. Explain why a book does not fall down if it is placed on a table, but will fall down if
it is dropped.
Life Science
SKL1. Students will sort living organisms and non-living materials into groups by observable
physical attributes.
a. Recognize the difference between living organisms and nonliving materials.
b. Group animals according to their observable features such as appearance, size,
motion, where it lives, etc. (Example: A green frog has four legs and hops. A rabbit
also hops.)
c. Group plants according to their observable features such as appearance, size, etc.
SKL2. Students will compare the similarities and differences in groups of organisms.
a. Explain the similarities and differences in animals. (color, size, appearance, etc.)
b. Explain the similarities and differences in plants. (color, size, appearance, etc.)
c. Recognize the similarities and differences between a parent and a baby.
d. Match pictures of animal parents and their offspring explaining your reasoning.
(Example: dog/puppy; cat/kitten; cow/calf; duck/ducklings, etc.)
e. Recognize that you are similar and different from other students. (senses,
appearance)
Teacher note: Be sensitive to the fact that some children have parents who are not their
biological parents.

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
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Kindergarten
SYMBOLS OF AMERICA
In kindergarten, the students begin to understand the foundations of the social studies
strands: history, geography, government, and economics. Students begin their
introduction to United States history through the study of important American holidays
and symbols. Basic concepts of cultural and physical geography are presented. Civics
provides students with an introduction to rules and character traits of good citizens. Basic
economic concepts are also introduced.
Historical Understandings
SSKH1 The student will identify the purpose of national holidays and describe the
people or events celebrated.
a. Labor Day
b. Columbus Day (Christopher Columbus)
c. Veterans Day
d. Thanksgiving Day
e. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
f. Presidents Day (George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and the current
President)
g. Memorial Day
h. Flag Day
i. Independence Day
SSKH2 The student will identify important American symbols and explain their
meaning.
a. The national and state flags (United States and Georgia flags)
b. The bald eagle
c. The Statue of Liberty
d. Lincoln Memorial
e. Washington Monument
f. White House
g. Pledge of Allegiance
h. Star Spangled Banner
SSKH3 The student will correctly use words and phrases related to chronology and
time to explain how things change.
a. Now, long ago
b. Before, after
c. Morning, afternoon, night
d. Today, tomorrow, yesterday
e. First, last, next
f. Day, week, month, year
g. Past, present, future
Georgia Department of Education
Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
SOCIAL STUDIES KINDERGARTEN STANDARDS
APPROVED 10/14/2004 Page 1 of 4
Copyright 2007 All Rights Reserved

One Stop Shop For Educators

Geographic Understandings
SSKG1 The student will describe American culture by explaining diverse
community and family celebrations and customs.
SSKG2 The student will explain that a map is a drawing of a place and a globe is a
model of the Earth.
a. Differentiate land and water features on simple maps and globes.
b. Explain that maps and globes show a view from above.
c. Explain that maps and globes show features in a smaller size.
SSKG3 The student will state the street address, city, county, state, nation, and
continent in which he or she lives.
Government/Civic Understandings
SSKCG1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of good citizenship.
a. Explain how rules are made and why.
b. Explain why rules should be followed.
SSKCG2 The student will retell stories that illustrate positive character traits and
will explain how the people in the stories show the qualities of honesty, patriotism,
loyalty, courtesy, respect, truth, pride, self-control, moderation, and
accomplishment.
Economic Understandings
SSKE1 The student will describe the work that people do (police officer, fire fighter,
soldier, mail carrier, baker, farmer, doctor, and teacher).
SSKE2 The student will explain that people earn income by exchanging their
human resources (physical or mental work) for wages or salaries.
SSKE3 The student will explain how money is used to purchase goods and services.
a. Distinguish goods from services.
b. Identify various forms of U.S. money (coins, currency).
SSKE4 The student will explain that people must make choices because they cannot
have everything they want.

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
SOCIAL STUDIES KINDERGARTEN STANDARDS
APPROVED 10/14/2004 Page 2 of 4
Copyright 2007 All Rights Reserved

One Stop Shop For Educators

Social Studies Skills Matrices

MAP AND GLOBE SKILLS
GOAL: The student will use maps to retrieve social studies information.
I: indicates when a skill is introduced in the standards and elements as part of the content
D: indicates grade levels where the teacher must develop that skill using the appropriate content
M: indicates grade level by which student should achieve mastery, the ability to use the skill in all
situations
A: indicates grade levels where students will continue to apply and improve mastered skills

Map and Globe Skills

K 1

1. use cardinal directions

2. use intermediate directions

3. use a letter/number grid system to
determine location
4. compare and contrast the categories
of natural, cultural, and political features
found on maps
5. use inch to inch map scale to
determine distance on map
6. use map key/legend to acquire
information from, historical, physical,
political, resource, product and
economic maps
7. use a map to explain impact of
geography on historical and current
events
8. draw conclusions and make
generalizations based on information
from maps
9. use latitude and longitude to
determine location
10. use graphic scales to determine
distances on a map
11. compare maps of the same place at
different points in time and from
different perspectives to determine
changes, identify trends, and generalize
about human activities
12. compare maps with data sets (charts,
tables, graphs) and /or readings to draw
conclusions and make generalizations

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

M A

A A

A A

D M A A

M A A

A A

M A A

A A

M A A

A A

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
SOCIAL STUDIES KINDERGARTEN STANDARDS
APPROVED 10/14/2004 Page 3 of 4
Copyright 2007 All Rights Reserved

912

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INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS

GOAL: The student will be able to locate, analyze, and synthesize information related to
social studies topics and apply this information to solve problems/make decisions.
I: indicates when a skill is introduced in the standards and elements as part of the content
D: indicates grade levels where the teacher must develop that skill using the appropriate content
M: indicates grade level by which student should achieve mastery, the ability to use
the skill in all situations
A: indicates grade levels where students will continue to apply and improve mastered skills

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
SOCIAL STUDIES KINDERGARTEN STANDARDS
APPROVED 10/14/2004 Page 4 of 4
Copyright 2007 All Rights Reserved

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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK.1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a
variety of activities.
Description: Students will experience all locomotor movement patterns (e.g., hop, jump, and
gallop) and demonstrate mature patterns when walking and running. A variety of movement
experiences allows students to use non-locomotor skills (e.g., bend, twist, and turn) while
moving and stationary. Weight transfer and balance activities are important as students learn to
move in relation to others while moving through personal and general space.
Elements:
a. Demonstrates basic movement in general and personal space.
Examples:
Travels in general space without bumping into another student.
Uses a variety of movements within personal space (balance, body control,
and jumping).
b. Demonstrates basic locomotor skills.
Examples:
Performs walk, run, hop, jump, and gallop.
Uses walk, run, hop, jump, leap, and gallop in a tag game/activity.
c. Demonstrates basic non-locomotor skills.
Examples:
Bends, straightens, twists, stretches, and turns during warm-up activities.
Twists, turns, and bends to external rhythmic accompaniment.
d. Demonstrates basic manipulative skills.
Examples:
Tosses a ball.
Catches a bean bag.

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK.2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as
they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Description: Students develop movement vocabulary and use terms appropriately. Students use
movement and manipulative skill concepts when applicable.
Elements:
a. Identifies general and personal space.
Examples:
Students know when another student is beside, behind or in front.
Students move throughout open space while staying within boundaries.
b. Identifies basic locomotor skills.
Examples:
Students name three locomotor skills.
On cue, students change to appropriate locomotor skills.
c. Identifies basic non-locomotor skills.
Examples:
Students bend, straighten, stretch, and turn when prompted.
The students name the non-locomotor skill performed by the teacher or
another student.
d. Students identify components of tossing and catching.
Examples:
Students name a level and appropriately release the ball to travel at the level.
Students explain why they need to look at the ball in order to catch it.
e. Students apply basic movement concepts of space.
Examples:
a. Students will move in various pathways on verbal command.
b. Students change levels from low, medium, to high.

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK.3: Participates regularly in physical activity.
Description: Students will participate in physical activity largely because of the pleasure they
experience. They engage primarily in structured physical activities in school and structured or
non-structured activities outside of school.
Elements:
a. Participates regularly in a wide variety of activities that involve locomotor,
non-locomotor and manipulative skills both inside and outside of physical
education.
Examples:
Plays at local area parks.
Plays hop scotch or jumps rope with friends.
b. Perform basic locomotor skills away from school.
Examples:
Engages in simple invasion games at home or recreation centers.
Begins playing recreational sports.

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
December 11, 2008 * Page 3 of 6
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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK4.1: Achieves and maintains a health enhancing level of physical fitness.
Description: Students will enjoy physical activity for short periods of time. They can identify
basic physiological signs associated with participation in physical activity.
Elements:
a. Participates in fitness and conditioning activities.
Examples:
Moves continuously for at least one minute while playing tag or running
games.
Holds own body weight for 5 seconds while participating in partner push up
or traversing along a rock wall with teacher assistance.
b. Identifies physiological indicators that accompany moderate to vigorous
physical activities.
Examples:
Identifies that their hearts are beating faster after running or moving
vigorously.
Identifies sweating as a product of moving vigorously.

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK5.1: Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in
physical activity settings.
Description: Students recognize and follow rules, directions, and safety procedures. They
work cooperatively and respectfully with others, regardless of personal differences.
Elements:
a. Follows classroom rules and shows self-control.
Examples:
Responds to teachers signals and verbal cues.
Listens to directions while sitting still and without touching equipment.
b. Follows simple directions for basic games and activities.
Examples:
Participates in freeze tag.
When given a team number or color, student willingly goes to that
number or color without help.
c. Uses body, space, and equipment safely.
Examples:
Avoids contact with others during a movement activity.
Follows teachers directions to put equipment away.
d. Works with a partner or small group regardless of personal differences.
Examples:
Shares space and equipment and takes turns with any student.
Plays catch with a student with a disability.

Georgia Department of Education

Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
December 11, 2008 * Page 5 of 6
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Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Physical Education

KINDERGARTEN
PEK.6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social
interaction.
Description: Students exhibit both verbal and non-verbal indicators of enjoyment for physical
activity. In kindergarten, students find pleasure in the simple act of moving and facing
challenges.
Elements:
a. Participates in physical activities that provide personal enjoyment.
Examples:
Dances to a favorite song.
Invites friends to join in activity.
b. Expresses feelings associated with success from physical activities.
Examples:
Says, I did it! Claps when others are successful and congratulates peers.
Gives a thumbs up when asked if they are having fun.

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
December 11, 2008 * Page 6 of 6
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