Aaharasazaung 108

trSwfpOf-108 azaz:0g&D-2010
1
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t,f'DwmtzJGU] udk&J&ifhatmif (tdE´d,EdkifiH)?
udk&efEdkifxGef; (udk&D;,m;EdkifiH)?
udkoufvif;? udkjrifhEkdif? udkodef;aX;/
pmpDpm½kduf] udkaZmfrdk;oef;? roGJUoGJUat;/
aMumfjim'DZdkif;] udkausmfaZ,sNrdKif/
aMumfjimwm0efcH] udkatmifpdk;jrifh? udkausmfausmfxGef;/
jzefUcsda&;wm0efcH] udkrsdK;jrifh? udkrdk;ausmfwdk;? udk0if;armf/
Website wm0efcH] udk&Jatmif/
Website owif;wm0efcH] udkatmifEdkifausmf/
qufoG,f&efvdyfpm zkef;eHygwfrsm;
AAHARASAZAUNG 09055265507 / 0368083692
Room 1421, Toei Waseda Apart., 08012358093 / 05012058610
1923, Nishiwaseda 09045469418 / 0368053411
Shinjukuku, Tokyo 08051910700 / 08035464745
JAPAN. (1690051) 09080420981 / 09060402080
Email : [email protected] 09012115971 / 08036001229
[email protected] 08033541977 / 08058790197
http://www.aaharasazaung.com http://aaharamedia.blogspot.com/
tm[m&jrwfE dk; olr sm;twGu f æ

tm[m& (tcrJh) pmapmifudk *syefjynfwGif;/ jynfy&Sd atmufaz: jyyg pmay0goemwl cspfrdwfaqGrsm;xHrS
&,lrmS =um;Edkifygonf? *syefjynftwGif;ESifh e,fpyfa'orsm;twGuf tcrJhjzef@csdygaomfvnf; zGH@+zdK;+yD; wdkif;EdkifiHrsm;rS
tm[m&pmapmif tm; rSm,lvdkygu atmufaz: jyyg zke;f eHygwfrsm;rSaomf‚/ tD;ar;vfjzifhaomf‚ qufoG,fI
wHqdyfa cgif;zdk; ydk@ay;&ef vdktyfygrnf?
ÐtdEdN,EdkifiH (e,l;a'vD) ³³³ udk&J&ifhatmif (91-92-1330-3335)/email:[email protected]
Ðxdkif;EdkifiH (rJaqmuf+rdK@) ³³³ udkvGrf;%D (66-8-4547-4295)/ email:[email protected]
ÐpuFmylEdkifiH ³³³ udkbkef;rif;ZGef (65-9831-8474)/ email:[email protected]
Ðudk&D;,m;EdkifiH ³³³ udk&efEdkifxGef; (82-11-9723-4773)/email:[email protected]
Ðatmfpa=w;vs ³³³ F cifarmifaxG; (61-421-245-452)/ email:[email protected]
Ðtar&duefjynfaxmifpk ³³³ q&marmifpdk;csdef/
(zdk@wf0def;+rdK@) q&mra':ZifZif? (1-260-745-7458)/ email:[email protected]
Ðtar&duefjynfaxmifpk ³³³ udkausmf0if; email:[email protected]
(z&D;armifh)
Ð*syef (em*dk,m) ³³³ udk0if;xGef;oef; (81-090-8556-8164)
2
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9? twdwfwabmif edrw
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3
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( .H.Auden &J h REFUGEE
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7
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21
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22
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'ga=umifh obm00ef;usifavhvma&;udk pdwf0ifpm;wJh pnf ;¶H k ; v_H @ aqmf= uygw,f ? wu,fa wmh bl a *;&D; ,m;
bla*;&D;,m;EdkifiHom;awG[m ‘¶kpf’+rdK@udkomG ;a&mufpka0; +yD; acgif ; aqmif y d k i f ; twG i f ; rS m vnf ; wl & uD v l r sKd ; pk a wG u d k
qENj yzdk@qHk;jzwfcJh=uw,f? ¶kpf+rd K@[m ¶dkar;eD;,m;EdkifiH &Jh rw&m;ES d y f u G y f u wnf ; u oabmxm;uG J c J h = uygw,f ?
jrpfwbufrSm&SdwhJ +rKd @jzpfovdk bla*;&D;,m;Edkiif H puf¶akH wG qDu wEdkifiHvHk;usa&mufr,fhtE W&m,fudk vpfvsL¶_csifwJh EdkifiH
jrpfwavsmuf vGihv f mwJh uvdk&if;"gwfaiG@awGudk ¶SLoGif;ae t}u;D tuJuv dk nf; pwifa0zefvmr_awGukd jyKvyk cf h=J uyg w,f?
&wJ+h rdK@uav;jzpfw,f? 'DqENjyyGJav;up+yD; obm00ef;usif
aomw&Sirf sm;cifAsm; ³ ³ ³
avhvma&;tzGJ@awGudk xyfrzH GJ@pnf;vmcJh =uw,f? 1989-
¶dkar;eD;,m;Edkiif Hacgif;aqmif ‘acsmif&Sufpul;’qdkol [m
atmufwb kd mvrSmawmh bla*;&D;,m; Edik if rH Sm obm00ef;usif
1970-umvtwGi;f wke;f u pwmvifvdk rma=um jyif;xefol
eJ@ywfoufwJh Edik fiHwumnDvmcH udk +rdK@awmf ‘qdkzD,m’rSm
uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmiftjzpf emrnf}uD;cJo h vdk ppfat;wdu k yf u JG kd
usif;ycJhygw,f? obm00ef;usif avhvma&;tzGJ@awG[m
vd r R m yg;eyf p G m ud k i f w G , f c J h w J h o l t jzpf od & S d cJ h y gw,f ?
nDvmcHusif;y&mae&mudk ae@pOf &ufquf oGm;a&muf+yD; bla*;
tar&dueforRw ‘epfqif’udk ¶dkar;eD;,m;EdkifiH rSm vufcH
&D; ,m;Edk ifiHwG if;rSm &SdwJh puf¶ Hk awG &Jh ypfpvufc wfEdki fr_
awG@cJhovdk qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkeJ@vnf; t qifajyatmif
awGta=umif;/ tpdk;&&Jh wm0efrJh vkyf&yfawGta=umif;udk
aexdkifcJhygw,f? 'ghtjyif jynfwiG f;r+idrfouf r_awGuv dk nf;
ajymqdkatmf[pfqENjyK=uygw,f? vlxak wGqu D qENaumufcH
vdrmR yg;eyfpmG udik w f , G t f uGuq f ifcyhJ g w,f? 1970-ckEpS /f ydv k ef
+yD; jrpfawGay:rSmusa&mufaewJh avxkoef@pifa&;tpDtpOf
Edik if rH Sm tvkyform;r+ird o f ufr_ awG pwifvmawmh acsmif&Suf
awGuv kd yk zf @kd tpd;k &udk pma&; om;cJ=h uygw,f? tpd;k &[m qENjyyGJ
pul;[m ol@Ekid if u H tvkyf orm;awGukd w&m;0iftvkyo f rm;
awGudk wywfavmuf xd cGijfh yKxm;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh r=umcif
or*~awGeJ@ aqG;aEG;zdk@ wdkufwGef;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh a&eH"gwk
rSm t"du¶k%;f ESdrfeif;a&;&JwyfzGJ@udkapv$wf+yD; EdkifiHwum
tvkyform;awGu vGwfvyfwJh tvkyform;or*~ awGzGJ@
owif;axmuf awG&hJ jrifuGif;a&S@rSm tiftm;oHk;¶du k f ESufacs
csifa=umif; vufrSwf xdk;pmwifwJhtcg acgif;aqmifawGudk
r_e;f cJyh gw,f?
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qENjyyGJudk OD;aqmifol ta,muf (40)ausmf zrf;qD;
1977-rSm owˆKwGif;tvkyform;awG oydwfarSmuf
cJcJh&ygw,f? twdwfumvwkef;uawmh 'Dvdk &ufpufwJh
qENjy+yD; acsmif&Sufpul;udk yk*~dKvfa&;t&awG@csifa=umif;
xd e f ; csKyf w m;qD ; r_ a wG [ m bl a *;&D ; ,m;jynf o l a wG u d k
awmif;qdk=uwJhtcg olu awmif;qdkcsuftm;vHk;twdkif;
a=umuf&@HG +idrfoufapcJah yr,fh obm00ef;usiaf vhvm olawG&hJ
jzpfap&r,fv@kd uwday;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh aemufwv t=um
bla*;&D;,m;Edik fiH tem*wftay: pdk;&drfra_ wGukd awmh &yfwef@
rSm qENjyacgif;aqmifawG aysmufq;kH oGm;cJhygw,f? uwdpum;
EdkifpGrf;r&SdcJhygbl;? bla*;&D;,m;jynfolawG[m armpudk&Jh
awGukv d nf; ¶kyo f rd f;cJhygw,f? tvkyo f rm; qENjyyGaJ wG[m 8-
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}udrfxufrenf; aemufxyfay:ayguf cJh+yD; 1987-rSm ‘b&m
armfpudkacgif;aqmifopf ‘a*:AmacsmhA’f [m ajymif;vJr_awGukd
aqmhAf’+rdK@u uGefjrLepfygwDÏmecsKyf udk tvkyform; ESpf
vdkcsifaewJholwOD; jzpfw,f?
aomif;ausmf 0dkif;&HqENjywJhtjzpfrsKd;awG txd a&muf&Sd
23
vmcJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh ppfwyfu qENjyyGJ awGukd t=urf;zuf+zKd cJG qGay;ygw,f? vHk+cKH a&;&JawGukd ausmufcJawGe@J ayguf &efp=u+y;D
cJyh gw,f? wu,fawmh acsmif&u S f pul;vufxuf ¶dak r;eD; ,m; ygwD Ï mecsKyf u d k 0if a &muf w d k u f c d k u f = uygawmh w,f ?
Ed kif iH udk ‘Oa&my&Jh tDo D, dk y D ; ,m;’vd k@ avSm if ajymif tpd k ; &uvnf ; w&m;a[mq&mud k zrf ; qD ; vd k u f + yD ;
ac:qdkcJh=uygw,f? pufr_vkyfief;}uD; awGudk ZGwftwif; qENjyvltkyfxJudk rsuf&nf,dkAHk;cGJ/ aoewfeJ@pwifypfcwf
wnf aqmuf+yD; Edk ifiHj cm;aºuG;+rDawG }uD ;rm;pGmwifcJh wJh vdkufygawmhw,f? qENjyolaygif; 100-ausmfavmuf ao
aemufqufwjJG y\emuawmh Edik if w H iG ;f rSm tpm;tpm/ avmif qH;k cJhw,f? 'Dvkyd pfcwfr_[m vlxu k ykd k+d yD; a'goxGufapcJh w,f?
pmqDjywfawmufr_/ avxk npfnrf;r_/ usef;rma&; c|w+f cHKusr_ vlxk[m vrf;ray:awGrSm qufvufcsDwufqENjy cJh=u+yD;
³ ³pwJh taxGaxGuyf qd;k awG qdu k af &mufvmcJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh taxGaxGoydwfarSmufzdk@ aqmfa=omfvdkufygw,f? qENjyyGJ
acsmif&u S pf ul; uawmh aygirf ek @f puf¶kaH &S@rmS pm;rukeaf vmufwhJ oHk;&ufajrmufae@rSmawmh ppfom;awG[m vlxkeJ@ yGifhyGifh
aygifrkef@ awG=um;&yf+yD; uGefjrLepfpHepfatmufrSm ¶dkar;eD;,m; vif;vif; aqG;aEG;cJh=uw,f? aygi;f pnf;vdkuf=uw,f?
jynfol awG ºuG,0f csr;f omav[ef o¶kyaf qmifchyJ gw,f? wywf t =umrS m awmh ppfw yf [ mjyef v nfq k w f c G m
1989-rwdik cf iftxd acsmif&u S pf ul;[m ¶dak r;eD;,m; Edik if u H kd ay;vdu k +f y;D awmfvSeaf &;aumfrwDu+rKd @ukd odr;f ,lvu kd yf g w,f?
+ydKifbufr&Sd acgif;aqmifaecJhayr,fh wyfrawmf t&m&SdawG ‘wDrDaqm&m;’+rdK@u tjzpftysufawGudk EdkifiH wumtoH
utp ol@udk t}uD;tuJtjzpf rjrifawG@csif =uawmhygbl;? v$ifhÏmeu owif;v$ix fh kwfay;wJhtwGuf +rdK@ aygif;rsm;pGmrSm
olwk@d &Jh qENudk taumiftxnfaz:ay;r,fh jzpf&yfwck “wDrD qENjyyGJawG ul;pufoGm;cJhygw,f? 'Dtjzpf tysufawGudk
aqm&m;”vd@k ac:wJ@ +rdK@av;rSm 1989-ckESpf twGif; pwifay: owdxm;rdwJh ¶dak r;eD;,m;uGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmifwcsK@d [m
ayguv f mcJyh gw,f? tJ'+D rKd @av;[m ¶dak r; eD;,m;/ [efa*&D/ qmhA/f ‘trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;aumfr wD’udk vsK@d 0u S zf J@G xm;vdu k +f y;D
*spyf pD/ *smref ³ ³ pwJh vlrsKd;pkawG pkaygif;aexdkif=uwJh +rdK@av; tcsdefusa&muf&if acsmif&Sufpul;udk tmcHzdk@ apmifhpm;cJh
jzpfygw,f? uGefjrLepftpdk;&&Jh tdk;tdraf [mif;awGukd zsufq;D +yD; =uygw,f? r=umcif +rKd @awmf ‘blc&ufp’f rSm qENjyyGaJ wG pwifchJ
tdrfwef;vsm;topfawG aqmufwnfr,fhpDrHcsufudk [efa*&D ygw,f? acsmif &Sufpul;u ypfrde@f ay;vdu k fygw,f? 'gayr,fh
vlrsK;d w&m;a[m q&mu a0zef¶w _ cf scw Jh ,f? umuG,fa&; 0ef}uD; t}u;D tuJ[m trde@f urkd vdu k ef mawmhbJ
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rw&m;ojzif hv ky fu dk i fa er_[ m jynfo la wG u d k ESd y f p uf umuG ,fa &;0ef }uD ;&Jh tqHk; owfpD &ifr_ [m ¶d kar;eD;
tEdik fusifrh _w&yf jzpfw,f” vd@k pGypf GJvu dk fw,f? 'ga=umifh ,m;ppfwyfudk trdef@zDqefz@dk twGuf ajr‡mufay;vdkufovdk rsKd;
vnf; uGejf rLepftpd;k &u ol@ukd 'DZifbm (15)&uf ae@ aemufq;kH jzpfoGm;ygw,f? jynfole@J wom;wnf;&yfzdk@ qHk;jzwf vdkufwJh
xm;+yD; bk&m;ausmif;uae xGufcGmay;&r,f vd@k &mZoHay; ¶dkar;eD;,m;wyfrawmf[m 'DZifbm/ 22 - &ufae@ rSm
vdkufw,f? w&m;a[mq&mu “c&pf awmf&Jh nDtudkarmif ygwDA[dkÏmecsKyfudk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufvdkuf +yD;
ESrwdk@ tpdk;&u usaemfhudk tif tm;oH;k +yD; z,f&Sm;awmh acsmif&Supf ul;wdk@ pHw k GJudk zrf;qD;vdku=f uygw,f? +rdK@ awmfudk
r,f/ usaemfhtaeeJ@ vufcH EdkifzG, fr&Sdb l;/ xGufoGm;rSm trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;aumifpDu xde;f odrf; umuG,f vdkuf
r[kw fb l; / 'ga=umif h vmr,fh a om=umae@rSm bk& m; =uygw,f?
ausmif;udk vmcJyh g ³ ³bmawGjzpfysufr,fqdkwm rsufjrif
udk , f a wG@ vm =unf h y g/ +idr f ; csrf; pGm aexd ki f = uyg” vdk @
1989-'DZifbm/ 25-&uf c&pfprwfae@rSm ¶dkar;eD;,m;
arwWm&yfccH hJ ygw,f? aom=umae@a&mufwt hJ cg axmifcsaD ewJh
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vltkyf [m bk&m;ausmif;udak &muf&v Sd m+yD; vl}uKd ;wef;wckvdk
owfvku d yf u Hk dk ¶dkar;eD;,m;¶kyfoHÏmeawGrmS jyocJh=uyg w,f?
wa,muf v uf w a,muf vuf w G J c sd w f q uf v d k u f u m
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w&m;a[mq&mudk umuG, fv d ku f= uw,f ? qEN jyyGJ ud k
aewJh wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifawGudk ajymif;vJ ypfEkid fcw Jh ,f?
pwif v d k u f = uygw,f ? qEN j yyG J t &S d e f & vmwmeJ @ tr#
vlxek J@ ppfwyf aygif;pnf;oGm;wJhtcg EdkifiH&Jh tcsKd;tauG@udk
“acsmif&Sufpul; ³ ³usqk;H ygap”pwJh Edkiif aH &; aºuG;a=umfoH awG
vsifjrefpGm vkyfudkifEdkifcJhw,fqdkwJh tcsuf udk ¶dkar;eD;,m;
vnf; yg0ifvmcJ=h uygawmhw,f?
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tpd k; &bufu oyf v#Kd+ zd KcG Jv dk uf z dk @ a&muf vmwJ ho l ||| aomw&Sifrsm; atmifjrifygap || |
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24
aemuf 7-vt=umrSmawmh jynfol@ppfawGu tm%modr;f ,l
ESif;qDa&mif awmfveS fa&; vdkuf=uygw,f? qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpk +ydKuGJoGm;wJhtwGuf
‘tef* sD td k’ vd k@ ac:wJ h tpdk ;&r[k wf aomtzG J@ tpnf ; a*sm*f s, D mEdik if u H kd jyefvnfa&muf&dS vmwJh &SuAf meufZD uvnf;
awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; aqG;aEG;jiif;ckefaewJhtoHawGudk =um;rd tm%modrf;zdk@}udK;pm;aewJh jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmifawGeJ@
=uygvdrfhr,f? b,fvdktajctaerSmyJjzpfjzpf &&SdaewJhtcGifh aygif;vdu k f+yD; Edik if Hawmfaumif pDukd zG@J pnf;vdkuyf gw,f? 1995-
ta&;awGudk vdrmR yg;eyfpmG toHk;csEdkifchrJ ,fq&dk if Edkiif H&hJ tcsKd ; rSmawmh a*sm*f sD,mEdik if &H hJ orRwtjzpf tm%mudk csKyu f kid fvm
tauG@wckukd ajymif;vJypfEidk w f ,fqw dk @J tcsufudk a*sm*f sD,m&Jh cJhygw,f? wu,f awmh a*smf*sD,mEdkiif Hudk tm%modrf;+yD;
‘ESif;qDa&mifawmfvSefa&;’u oufaojy cJhygw,f? ygvDr efp Hepfudk [efjyajymif ;vJ cJh ayr,fh &Su fAmeuf ZDu dk
aomw&Sirf sm;cifAsm; ³ ³ ³ jzKwfcszk@d }udK;pm;ae olawGu Edik fiw H Gif;rSm tkypf krsm;pGm wnf&Sd
ppfat;wdkufyGJ tqHk;owfcgeD;rSm ‘pifemxGm’vdk@ac: whJ aecJyh gw,f?
EdkifiH jcm;a&;rl0g'ta=umif; =um;zl ;=uygvdrfhr,f ? ta&S@ tJ'DxJu xif&Sm;wJhtzGJ@uawmh tpd;k &r[kwfaom tzGJ@
Oa&myu uGefjrLepfEdkifiHawG udk,fhvrf;udk,fav#muf=uzdk@ tpnf;wckjzpfwhJ ‘vGwv f yfrw
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t=urf;rzuf qENjyr_awGuvnf; armfpudkudk xdwfvef@ qdkif=uolawGtjzpf a&muf&Sdvmatmif armif; ESifcJhygw,f?
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25
2002-ckESpfrSm a*sm*sD,mtpdk;&u ygvDrefa&G;aumuf
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ydkifawG[m vGwfvyfr_wuUodkvf ¶kef;cef;awGtxd 0ifa&muf
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wd k u f c d k uf v d k u f w J h t cgwd k i f ; vl x k = um;rS m jr‡ K yfE S H x m;wJ h
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tpd;k &&Jh rw&m;usL;vGeaf e r_awGukd jynfolawGu csucf si;f od&dS
vkduf=u+yD; rauseyfr_ awGukd E_;d qGay;vdkufygw,f?
'ga=umifh 2002-ckESpf/ ygvrD efa&G;aumufyJu G kd tpdk;& u rJ
vdrf+yD; olwdk@om tjywftowftEdkif&w,fvdk@ a=ujim
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awGtygt0if jynfolawG[m a&G;aumufyGJ &v'fudk qef@usif
oydwfarSmuf=uygw,f? ukvor*~ tygt0if EdkifiHwum
todik ;f t0dik ;f uvnf; &v'fudk qef@usicf h=J uygw,f?
2002/ Edk0ifbm/ 22-&ufae@rSmawmh &SuAf meufZD [m
tpd;k &opf&Jh ygvrD efnDvmcHudk pwifzk@d }udK;pm;vdkufyg w,f?
'gayr,fh +rdK@awmf wDbDvpD D tygt0if a'otoD; oD; qENjyyGJ
awGrSm yg0ifaewJh jynfov l lxk[m ESif;qDyef; pnf;awG o,f
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tajctaeudk a=ujimvdkuf+yD; qENjyyGJawGudk ypfcwfEdrS feif;zdk@
trde@f ay;cJhygw,f?
'gayr,fh wyfrawmft}uD;tuJ&Jh om;orD;awGutp
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ausmif;om;tzGJ@tpnf;rSm yg0ifaecJh=uwma=umifh qEN jyyGu J kd
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awmh qENjyolawGeJ@ orRwa[mif;wdk@ awG@qHk aqG;aEG;cJ=h u+yD;
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aomw&Sifrsm;vnf; ESif;qD&eH UawGeJ U twl atmifjrif
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26
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kd af wmh uefaygi¶f ;kd wckrmS aumifav;wa,muf {{vlvx l ik d +f y;D
ig;r#m;aeonfukd vSrf;jrifvu kd fro d nf? 'Dawmh av,mOfrLS ;}u;D pdwx f JwiG f 'Daumifav;vdk {{vl vlxidk +f yD; ig;r#m;ae&&if b,favmuf
aumif;vdu k rf vJ[k tm;uspw d uf ;l vdu k rf donf?
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'Dawmh vnf; 'gav;udk owd&rdvu kd jf yefonf?
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cJhwmudk jyefajymraeeJ@”[laom pum; jzpfygonf? i,fi,fwkef;u iydzkwfe@J xrif;+rdefcJhwmrSef aomfvnf; ,ck b,frmS +rdef
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atmifoif;
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b,f+rdK@0ef/ b,ftrwf/ b,fppfol}uD;rS 0ifa&muf cJrvJqw kd m awG;csi=hf unfEh ikd yf gw,f? +rKd @opf wnft+y;D rSmvnf;
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yif;,aemuf oHk;ESpft=umrSmwnfwJh ppfudkif; [mvnf; aewJh olck;d ‘iwufjym;’wdk@ xdyfwdkufawG@=uygw,f?
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28
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Monday, January 25, 2010
32
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33
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jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& tvkyfvkyfaewJh E_ef;twdkif;qdk&if aemuf Sanitsuda Ekachi &JŒThe looming prospect
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34
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35
csif&mom aomufa&mh? awG@&wJh usef;rma&;xd cdkufr_rsdK; aomufolwkdif; jzpf=u
'gha=umifh tvSL'ge0goemygwJh usrwdk@ vlrsdK;u &rSmaygh/ tvum;&wJh a&aumif;udk raomufbJ aps;}uD;
opf&dyf0g;&dyfaumif;aumif;rSm aomufa&tdk;pif oef@oef@ vSwJhbD,mudkaomufawmh rpGJcif awmifydkufqHu aomuf
jyef@jyef@uav; wnf+yD; aomufa&vSLw,f? tdrfukdvmwJh aomufvJ ukefusOD;rSm r[kwfvm;?
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wJhEdkifiHeJ@u bmqkdifygovJ? 'DrSm wae@udktmwmykvif;}uD;
3 ykvif;ukefavmuf a&aomufzdk@vdkwJh EdkifiHrSm a&tpm;
ao&nfygwJh bD,mudk aomuf=u&if t&ufaomufvkd@ =uHK
36
_cHcek af umif;ol
‘'D v d k v m; æ 'gjzif h wdu k f+y;D "m;eJ@twif;wufcw k fe@J tawmf ‘[if;aemfæ nnf;wd@k r,fzm;eJ@
Adkvfom'if[m tawmfpGrf;vnf;pGrf;/ yJpeG @f peG @f pm;pm; wdu k v f mwmyJ? vifr,m; odyfta&mr0ifeJ@’ [kajymxm; onfuk@d
owWdwnf;&Sdwmayghaemf’ ESpaf ,muf pvH;k vnf; owWad jymifajrmuf twGuf &ifzdk=uavonf? a,muFsm;
‘tif; æ pGr;f vnf; pGr;f ygw,f? =uayw,f? 'gayr,fh vufeufcsi;f urr# uav;rsm;uavwmhrl olr. vSonf[k
owWdvnf;&Sdygw,f? aemufvdkufvnf; vGef;awmh aemufqk;H Adkvfom'ifuawmf vH k ; 0rqd k o mygvsuf pl p l u m;um;
tawmf & om;yJ? a,muf s m;rS ef o r# vnf; us&Smw,f? Adkvfom'ifvnf; xGm;onfah e&mu xGm;/ rd@k onfh ae&mu
q,fhoHk;ESpfatmuf ckESpfq,f ausmft aygiu f kd usno f if&h mS wmeJ@ jrefrmwyfysuf rdk@+yD;awmh ysHysHyH ko¾efvdk @yJqdk&rvdk/
xufvGJvdk@ tukef"m;qGJ+yD; rvkdufbJ oGm;&&Smw,f’ wpfrsKd;tm;jzifh tjcm;&Gmu tysKdttdk
rae&bl;qdk+yD; ac:wmudk;? 'dk@rsm;awmif ‘Ad kvfo m'if awmh rrd ygbl ;? rsm;xuf xl ; jcm;[ef ayguf a eaom
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vltkyftzdk@ wpfeyfpmyJ&Sdw,f? b,f uav;rsm;jzifh ol&Jaumif;rsm; ay:xGuf a=umif;rsm;jzifh rjynfhpHk&SmcJhay? i,fpOf
avmuf vlrsm;ovJqw dk m pOf;pm;=unfh &mjzpfaom orJah jyacsmif;om; rsm;onf uwnf;u rdbrsm;uG,fvGef cJhaom
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‘a=omfæ renf;bJudk;tbdk; æ enf ;? a&ajrudk vd k uf um xd kt &yfr S jzpfavonf? xd@k a=umifh olronf olr.
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uav; ajymprf;ygO;D ’ csKd ; azmuf o nf h t"d u &vl q d k ; rsm; uyfI ausmif;&&Smonf? r,fzm;emrnf
‘pG r f ; wmvm;æ pG r f ; qd k ay:aygufcJhavonfrSm tHh=ozG,f&mr ysufr&SdpOfu rnfolr# xrif;wpfvkyf
tJ'v D k&d SdwJh "m;uav;/ vSu H av;eJ@/ ao &Sdacs? twGuf rjrifar#mf=u? [dktdrfuac:csif/
ewfawG tajrmufawG&dw S hJ ukvm;jzLt TwG i f ,if ; uJ h o d k @ vl p G r f ; 'D t d r f u ac: csif j zif h vk I yif a c:
pdk;&udk cHwdkufwm=unfh ygvm;? yxr aumif;rsm;. e,fajrY r,fzm;onf =uao;onf? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf
wpfokwfrSm wpfcgwnf; ukvm;ppfom; rdef;rom;uav;wpfa,mufr#omjzpf r,fzm;rSm udk,fvHk;udk,fxnf awmifh
awGtukef acgif;jyKwfukefwmyJ? aemuf onf u d k p Of v suf xd k & G m wef ; uav; wif ; pl+ zd K;oavmuf tvk y f tud ki f
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'kwf qdkwJh &Gmtxd&efuk efu pk efvm wu,fawmh tqef;w=u,f &Sdvo S nf oabmaumif;avonf? xdkodk@aom
+yD;awmh ppfbm&Da c:wJ h uk vm;awG yif r[kwyf gvm;? t*F g&yfuav;rsm;a=umifh tpu r,f
ukef;udkwufwmyJ? Adkvfom'ifwdk@wyf r,fzm;tm; vlwdkif;u &ifzdk zm;onf &Gm&Sv d rl sm;. oem;jcif;/ cspjf cif;
uvnf; bmacrvJ æ a&Smifray;bJ =uavonf? odk@aomwpf a,mufESifh udkyif cHcJh&avonf?
twif;oGm;wdkufwmaygh? tJ'Dwkef;u wpfa,muf &ifzdk=ujcif;um; rwlay? Tod k @ trsm;. arwW m cH
tckvdkb,fuGif;jyifawG r&Sdao;bl;? rdef;rydkif;u r,fzm;vmv#if olrwdk@. ,lae&mrS raumif;onfh =urRm+*dKvf
uepkdawmtkyf}uD;awGyJ &Sdw,f? tJ'D vifa,muFsm;rsm;ygomG ;avrnfvm;[laom qdk ;zef vmyH kum; r,fz m;onf tysKd
awm}uD;awGu dk tumtuG,f ,lw Jh pdwfjzifh &ifzdk=uavonf? tysKd uav; uav;zm;zm;jzpfvmonfh tcsdefwGif
tcg,l / ta&;omwJ h t cg taocH rsm;uawmhrS olrwdk@. rdbrsm;u« v,f u l v D r tjzpf ol r 0if a &muf
37
vkyfukid af eaom pm&if;'dik f OD;omv_difqdk ol r tm; auí;arG ; xm;onf h Ada E< m aep&m&&Smavawmhonf?
ol. om;ESifh rSm;,Gif;rd=uum udk,f0ef q&mOD ; a&$ u J q d k o l touf i g;q,f xdktcgrSpI &GmxJY r,fzm;
t&ift h rm&Sv d mjcif;jzpfavonf? xdt k cg ausmfcef@tbd;k }u;D wpfOD;. jcifaxmifxJ vmonfjrifv#if vif&Sdrdef;rwdk@onf
aumifav.taruæ wG if rdo nfh twGu f q&muawmf. rdrdwdk@vufxJwGif rkef@&Sdaecdkuf usD;uef;
‘=unfhprf;æ rdr&dSzr&Sd aumif &yfo&d mG =um; qJqakd tmf[pf }urd ;f armif; vmouJhodk@ rsufpdtjywf rcH0Hh=ubJ
ru iguoem;vdk@ auí;arG; =unfh&_ jcif;udk cH&&Hw
k Girf u« &Sdavonf? xdrk #yifruao;bJ rdrw d dk@.
xm;wmudkrS raxmuf ighom;tnGef@ ‘[Jh t,kwfr/ eifhrsufESm igr vifa,mufsm;rsm;u pdpk x k d mG ;xGm;cyfºum;
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[if;tdk;rStm;rem/ oGm;ætck igt h rd af y: ‘a':a':&,f uíefroabmeJ@ tcgæ
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&d ku f a rmif ; yk w f a rmif ; vk y f um ES if c s ac:eif;cdkif;+yD; twif;}uHvdk@ jzpf&wmyg? odyfrxcsifeJ@’ [kolrwdk@[m rsm;udk
vdkufavonfwGif tm;udk;&mrJhaom eifh a ':a':ud k rajymeJ @ owf y pfr ,f olrwdk@ xdkuho J k@d [ef@wm;&if; rsufapmif;
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avonf? rm,fzm;u[kwo f avmufudk tjrifao;jzpfukef=uonfhtcg touf
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Ad ku f r[kw fo vd kv dk / pm&if; iS m;wpf avonf? pdu k fouJhodk@ vkyaf evdu k favonf?
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wpfa,mufe@J csucf si;f r*Fvm aqmifay; rnfoludk r# tjypfrqdkom onfhwdkif olrtm; rde;f rxkuom &GrH ek ;f aomfvnf;
vdkufonf? atmif ,ck w pf c gawmh r l ol r sm; a,mufsm;xkurl a&S;uxuf ta&;ay;
r,fzm;rSm vl@avmu. rw a,muf s m;ud k ajymif E _ d u f 0 H h o nf r S m vmonf udk tHh=ozG,f&m owdxm;
&m;r_ '%fcsufudk yxrOD;qHk; tvl; tdraf y:udyk if twufc&H o J l rawG@Eikd f av vdkufrdavonf? aemufavmu}uD;.
tvS d r f h c H v d k u f & +yD ; b,f v d k a vmu &Smonf. tjcm;rJYh oem;p&m tm;ud;k taumif; tqdk;rsm;udk odwefoa&G@
}uD;ygvdrfh[laom tawG;onf tvdkvdk rJh&mS aeavawmhonf? od v m+yD j zpf a om r,f z m;onf xd k
acgif;xJodk@ 0ifvmrdavonf? olrtzdk@ ‘nnf;awmh oem;yg&J@atæ a,mufsm;rsm;tm; rnfodk@rnfyHk toHk;
uHtm;avsmfpGmyif tazrayJaom om; 'gayr,fh 'dk@rSmvnf; 'dk@ a,mufsm;u cs&rSef;udv k nf; aumif;pGm od&deS m;vnf
uav;onf vl@ jynfwG if =um&Sn fr &Sdaeawmh rawmfwqæ rjzpfygb;l at’ vmavawmhonf?
ae&bJ aoqHk;oGm;&avonfhtwGuf wcsKd@u xdkodk @yif rsufE Smr odk@ESifh r,fzm;onf &GmxJu
'k u Q a &muf o if h o avmuf ra&muf axmufbJ &uf& ufpufpuf ajymqdk a,mufsm;rSeo f r#w@dk ESifh txdkuftvdu k f
vdkufay? jiif;y,f=uavonf? r,fzm;uav;rSm qufqH&if; avmu}uD;Y aeEdkifxdkifEdkif/
odk@aomf tukodkvfonf r,f tdyf&mvdyu f av;udk ydu k ,f if; a,mifcsm aewwfxkid w f wf jzpfvmavawmhonf?
zm;odk@ r&yfao;ay? tb,f ha=umifh csm wpf0Jvnfvnfwufp&m tdrrf &Sdjzpf usKduf vwfE Sifh qm;bdk& Gmod k@ ul;wd k@
qdkaomf aemufwpfepS rf #r=umao;aom ae&mrS aemufqHk; tESdyfonftbGm; yd@k aeaom orŠeo f rm; tbd;k }uD;ESihvf nf;
umvtyd k i f ; tjcm;twG i f ; rS m yif }u;D wpfa,mufu ac:wifxm;ojzifo h m tvd k u f o if h a ygif ; I orŠ e f c ray;bJ
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pD;Edkifav.? umvom;acgif; zdk;azqdk onfxufyif ydkIqdk;vmwwfyu Hk m;æ udck snf; pufusaewmyJ? awmfawmf=um
olxHrSvnf; olronf ig;usyf wpfq,f ‘a[h æ [d k a e@u +rd K @yd k i f/ awmf a wmf = um 0ef a xmuf /
ponfjzifh qGEJ kid fvJEG idk af v.? wpfcgwpf&H r,f zm;wd k @tdr f rS m iyk } uD J; eJ@ atmif e,fykid feJ@ em;&w,fr&Sdb;l ’
olrtm; ajcawmfwif cJhzl;onfh AdaE<m ausmw f @dk vlpk "m;wpfjyuf wkwfwpfjyuf ‘a[æ[k w f v m;/ 'D v d k j zif h
q&m OD;a&$uJxHrSvnf; tcGifhta&;& awmif jzpfuek f=uw,f qdkygvm;a[h’ r,f zm;w,f aps;aumif; aeyguvm;?
ovdk tuFskDzdk;/ vHkcsnfzdk;/ aps;zdk;rsm;& ‘at;æ [k w f w ,f / =unf h 'ga=umifhrdk@eJ@wlw,f r,fzm;rSm aygif'g
atmif awmif;vdkuaf o;.? aeyguG m? r=umrD 'Dr ,f zm;twG uf oeyfcg;/ vHck sn/f tuFsD nSKd ;w,f r&Sb d ;l ’
xdkr#ru aemufwpfESpf/ ESpfESpf vlowfyGJawGjzpfukefvdrfhr,f/ aumif Todk@jzifh r,fzm;. aumif;
=umoGm;aomtcg r,fzm;rSm ydkIavm rav;u vmor# vufoifch q H kwd hJ tpm; owif;/ qdk;owif;rsm;rSm xdkorJhajy
u}uD ;xJY vl ;omv_yf om&Sdaeawmh xJ u ud k ; uG / wpf a ,muf q d k v nf ; acsmif;&dk;&Sd &Gmuav;wpf0dkufwGif ar$;
avonf u d k &G m xJ & S d r d e f ; rd x k wd k @ . wpfa,muf owfowf rSwfrSwf [kwf w,f[kyJqdk&rvm;/ eHw,f[k yJqdk&
atmhESvHk;emvkrcef; awG@&Sd&avawmh wmr[kwfbl;/ [kdvl@vkdvkd 'Dvl@vdkvked J@’ rvm; twdtus ajymrjywwfatmif
onf? r,fzm;. rsufESm uav;rSm t+rJ [k&GmxJrmS tenf;tyg; csifhcsdefwwfol ys@H ESH@ausmf=um;vsuf&Sdavawmhonf?
wrf; oif;=uL=uLr_id f;a0a0paom aygif'g wpfa,mufu rSwfcsufcsavonf? r,fzm;rSm umvtawmf=um
wdk@jzifh r_efaxhxm;onfudk awG@&onf? ‘[mæ 'gawmh ol@udk b,f emrnfrusao;bJ aps;aumif;wkef;yif
y'krmR tyg;pm;/ tacsmpm;uav; awG udk olu rS twnf } uH w mrS r[k w fw m jzpfaeavao;onf?
vnf ; 0wf Edkif vmavonf? yG ifh&d kuf bJuGm? olu wpfckrubl; ESpfckoHk;ck ol } uD ; uvnf ; ol r tm;
tqifqef;vHkcsnf rsm;ud kyif txnf vyfqdkwJh emrnfysufuav;u &Sdae ol@tusKd;ESifh qufpyfaeI ta&;ay; &
vJcg;ay:Y wifEdkifvdkufavao;onf? awmh 'DvdkomoGm;oGm; vmvmaecsif onf ? t&m&S d r sm;. c%c%awm
e*duk ºum;ºum; &Gm;&Gm; udk,v f ;Hk av;rSm =uwmaygh? tJ'Dawmh oluvnf; tck qif;um ol@ tdrf wGi fwnf ; cd k&onfh
xdkodk@ om;om;em;em; qif,ifxHk;zGJ@ awmh &S p f p d y f u vnf a ejyD a v? twGuf &Gmom;wdk@. a=umuf&GH@av;
r_a=umifh ydI k yif umvom;rsm; rufp&m b,fol @udkr S [kw fwd ywf wd pG JpG J+ rJ+ rJ pm;jcif; udk cHae&avonf? +yD;awmh
jzpf v mavawmh o nf ? &G m xJ u rxm;bl;? 'DvdkyJ olvnfovdk=unfh+yD; olajymor#wdk@vnf; atmifavonf?
a,mufsm; ysKdtdk rSefor#wdk@onf nae aeawmhwmaygh’ t&ma&muf avonf ? &Gm . tusKd;
csr;f tcgY r,fzm;. tdref m;wpf0u dk f wGif r,f z m;.b0ud k yd k I oH k ; twGuf wmwrHzdk@zdk@/ qnfajrmif;wl;zdk@/
a&$p GefndK rsm;uJho dk@yif 0JvSnfh ae=u oyfwwfolwpfa,mufurS ol@xuf tif;vk yfief;csJ@zd k@paom tcGi fhta&;
ayawmh&m rdef;rrsm;tm; 0g;pm;csifr av;eufaom a0zefcsufwpfckudk ay; rsm;&onft h jyif ol}uD;pm; v,fajr rsm;
wwf &GrH kef;vm=uavawmhonf? vdkufav&mæ vnf; aemufxyf&avonf? xdkr#ru
‘a[hæ ud k,f wdk @vlysKdo dk ;}uD; ‘at;æ 'gawmhvnf; [kwf vmrnfh 'gbmyGJwGif wD«yD«tuf(pf)
pHa&$rSmvnf; &or# aumuf&dwfc u wmyJu?G ol@tqdk;rqdkombl;? 'gayr,fh paom bGJ@rsm;yif &OD;rvdkvdk owif;
av;awG r,fzm;a=u; yae&wmeJ@yJ wdk@&GmxJu vlysKdrSefor#eJ@ cyfxxcyf ajy;aeavao;onf? xdktcG ifhta&;
+yD;aeygyaum vm;a[h’ &G&Gtbdk;}uD;rSefor# ol@udk ydk;a=u;yef; rsm;um; wu,fqkad wmh r,fzm;a=umifh
‘tH r ,f æ ol w if v m;uG æ a=urusbl;wJh vlr&Sdoavmufjzpfae+y’D om&&Sdjcif; jzpfavonfudk oltodqHk;
igwdk @&Gm OD ; yd ki f; u ausmif; wum}uD ; [kwpfa,mufuajymjyefonf? jzpfav&m tb,frSm olrtm; olonf
OD;azsmf}uD;awmif wwdwwdeJ@ yGef;jywf ‘tckæ ol}uD;awmifrS r,f vufoyfrarG;bJ xm;avrnfenf;?
jywfawmhr,f? tr,f}uD;ujzifh ae@wkid f; zm;udk odyfta&;ay;yguvm;uG? b,f xdk@a=umifh wpfcgur,fzm;.
used fqaJ ewmyJ’ vdkoabmeJ@ rqdkwwfbl;’ rvdrw fh pfywfvyk jf cif;udck &H aom &GmxJrS
xdkok@d &Gmom;rsm;tzdk@ r,fzm; ‘[æ ay;&wmaygh? t&m&Sd zdk;cspfqdkaom umvom;uav; wpf
. ta=umif;udk 0kid ;f zG@J I ajymae&onfrmS awGvmwdik f; r,fzm;udk vufaqmifxdk; a,mufonf rcHcsifojzifh r,fzm;tm;
ae@pOf t vk y f w pf u J h o d k @ jzpf a eav ae&wJh[myJ? ray;bJ&Sdrvm;? tckw &dku farmif ;ykwfarmif;vk yfum qJa&;
awmhonf? wpfcgwpf&H r,fzm;ESihf ywf avm t&m&SdawG/ ykvyd fbufua&m bm wdkif;xGm&HkESifh xdyfwHk;xJ ESpfq,fhav;
ouf o nf h o wif ; rsm;rS m ar#mf v if h a&m 'Dr,fzm;a=umifh yJeJ@wlw,f wdk@&Gm em&Dwdwd cwfxm;vdkuzf ;l avonf?
39
Todk@jzifh rmfzm;rSm rdk;aumif; &yfavmuf&Sdaom 0g;cíefrsm;jzifh +cHpnf; uyfum ajymvdkufav&m u&ifvlrsKd;
csiw f kid ;f aumif;Iaeavonf? ol}uD;u &dk;cwfxm;um xdktwGif;odk@ vlwdkif; yul;rSm rnfok@d r#jyefrajym wwf atmif
ta&;ay;&Hkr#ru umvom;tcsif;csif; ta=umif;rJh r0if&Jacs? wpfcgu ntcg jzpfomG ;awmhonfEiS hf olrtm;om +yHK;I
rSm yif ta0rwnf h ojzif h tu,f I 0uf c d k ; &ef v mol vl q d k ; wpf O D ; tm; =unfhaevdkuaf vonf?
wpfa,mufa,mufrsm; rlyikd v f yk v f kad om rSdef;ESivfh u dk zf ;l avonf? ‘b,frvJ&Sihf jyygOD;/ b,frmS cl;
oabmjzifh ,lxm;rnfqkv d #if tjcm;ol +yJD;awmh ol@+cHdxJrSm vloHk;av; &rSmwke;f ? pum;vnf;rajymbl;? bmrsm;
rsm;u auseyfvdrfhrnfr[kwfbJ &ef&Sm a,mufavmufudk aumif;pGmvHkaom =unfah e&wmvJ’
aumif;yif&mS vdrrhf nfvm; rajymwwfay? acG ; orif } uD ; ES pf a umif v nf ; &S d a v r,f z m;u ol r . &if b wf
xd@k a=umifh r,fzm;udk,l&efrSm r}uHpnf0/Hh ao;&m olwdk@om;tzonf b,f&efrS qDo@dk vuf0g;uav;ESpk fzufudk ,Suw f if
r,fzm;. tcspu f kd cH&&Hjk zifh auseyfI ae rr_baJ eEdik f=uavonf? vdkuf&if ajymvdkufawmhrS yul;rSm &Suf
=u&ayvdrfhrnf? olruvnf; b,fhol@ xdkyul;tm; r,fzm;onf a& ud;k &Suu f ef;jzpfomG ;&if;æ
udkrS =um&Snfrcspf/ c%omcspfonf? twefi,fpm;+yD;jzpfaom wpfywfEGrf; ‘a=omfæ [kdæ [dkbufaxmifh
+yD;awmh olronf awG@jrifor# zdkowW0g o&uf xnfvHkcsnfuav;udk&if vsm; rSm yJyifawG rawG@bl;vm;’
wd@k tm; rcspb f J raeEdik af tmifvnf; ,ck umrsufEmS wGif oeyfcg;usJ uav;vdrf; olu cgwdif;uJhodk@ abmuf
tpG r f ; xuf a eav+yD j zpf a wmh o nf &Hkomvdrf;I yul;. +cH0odk@ &yfvmav qwfqwfyif ajymvdu k frad vonf?
wum;? tm* r,fzm;jzpfacs+yD? onf? twGif;rS usm;[def;ovdk [de;f =u ’b,fawG@rvJawmh &Si+f cHxu J
od@k aomfwpfcgwiG f xdo k @dk rar#mf aom acG;orifrsm;. toHrsm;a=umifh uíefru b,fae&mbm&Sdw,f qdkwm
vifhbJjzifh r,fzm;onf a,mufsm; wpf vkvifysKw d pfO;D onf xGufvm+yDæ odxm;wmrS r[kwfbJ? uJæ 'gjzifh vdkuf
a,mufESifh tdrfaxmifusvdkuf&m/ &Gm ‘[Jh æ&efvHk a[mif vScsnf cJhO;D / awmfawmf=umawmh acG;}uD;awGu
wpf&GmvH;k ol}uD;ygrusef yGuaf vm &du k f vm;[/ vcG;D b,fov l J/ tdrfa&S@u’ [k udkuaf eygO;D r,f’
oGm;avonf? r,fzm;tm; rjrifru D yif a&&Gwfvdkuf ‘uJæ 'gjzifo h Gm;’
r,f z m;,l v d k u f & onf h t &mæ? r,fzm;. ajymyHka=umifh acgif;
a=umif;rSmvnf; wu,fqadk wmh olr. ‘a=omf æ uíefryg&Sif’ uav;udk apmif;iJhum +yHK;vdkuf+yD; jcH
qwfaqmhr_ oufoufa=umifh omjzpf ‘b,fu uíefrvJ’ axmifph Gef;qDodk@ oGm;avonf? yul;u
ygv#if vHk;0*&krpdkuf &[E Wm}uD;uJhodk@ ‘r,f zm;yg&Si fh æ ud ky ul; &J@ / acG;orif}u;D wpfaumifukd udik &f if aemuf
aom olwpfa,mufukd rawG@pzl; awG@& awmfah cG;awGudk =unfx h m;prf;ygO;D ’ uvdu k fvmavonf?
onftwGuf tawmfrcHcsijf zpfco hJ nfrmS ‘bmudpPvæ J ’ yJc sKHu av;teD ;od k @ a&muf
=umacs+yD? ‘yJnGef@uav; wpfnGef@/ ESpf aomtcg r,fzm;onf yJnGef@uav;
xd k w pf a ,muf a omol r S m nGe@f avmuf [if;csKcd yfz@kd vdkcsifv@kd ygawmh rsm;ud k ajczsm;uav;axmuf um
&[E mW vnf; r[kw/f EGm;vnf;r[kwyf g? zGipfh rf;ygO;D ’ axmufu m vSrf; cl;avonf ol r.
u&ifvl&dk; yul;qdkol vl&G,fuav; yul;onf yxr armif;xkwfzk@d avsmh&J &J0wfxm;onfh xbDtxuf
wpf O D; r#om jzpf a vonf ? ol o nf }uHvu kd fygao;onf? od@k aomf vnf; r,f qiftem;onf wufcsnfuscsnf t
u&ifyDyD tvGef&dk;onf/ at;onf? ol zm;. ud, k u f av;udk +cpH nf;&d;k ay:rS rsuf onf;,m;p&m jzpfavonf? yul;u
onf &GmxJrSmvnf; rae/ oD;oD; oef@ ESmwifI jrifvdkufrdaomtcg tvdkvdk ab;u=unfah eavonf? xdktcdkufæ
oef@uGif;xJY ol@ociftdk}uD;ESifh aeav wHcg;csufudk qGJzGiv fh dkuf+yD;om; jzpfoGm; ‘tdkæ’
onf? olonf ig;axmifonf/ bJarG;um; av awmhonf? r,fzm;onf ajcacsmfI vJus
at;at; aeol jzpfavonf? yul;rSm ‘tr,fav;&SifæwuwJrSyJ/ oGm;avoonft h wGuf yul;u v$wu f
Avvnf;aumif;onft h jyif owWd vnf; ol@ wH cg;}uD ; uvnf ; ydw f y dw f xm; eJ atmfvdkufjcif;jzpfavonf? 'gayr,fh
acolr[kwf? ol@zcifrSmvnf; ppfjyef vdkuf&wm &Sifhudk ae@cif;a=umifawmif olonf b,fodk@rS tultnDray;bJ
wpfa,mufjzpfojzifh aeavonf? wpf b,folursm; 0ifqGJomG ;rSm pdk; vdk@ vJ’ =uuf aoaoum &yf=unfhaerd av
cgwpf &H ta=umif ;&S drS om &GmxJod k@ txJo@kd a&mufv#iyf if r,fzm; onf? r,fzm;uawmh rsuEf mS uav; &_@H rhJ
vmwwfonf? olaeaom wJrmS vlwpf u rsufvHk;eufuav; axmifh pGef; odk@ um yg;pyfrSmvnf; wuíwfuíwfESifh
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jrnf&if; olr. 'l;uav;udk ESdyfae&Sm uav; ajcmuf u yf u yf E d k i f v suf & S d I yul;wd@k +cHo@dk oGm;=uavonf? ol}u;D
avonf ? 'gwifr u vHk csnf atmif aeonfum; trSefyif jzpfaeayonf? rif;vnf; ol.ESv;Hk jyL;aoewf}uD; wpf
em;uav; udyk ifI h vnf;olr. 'l;uav; umvom;rsm;. pdwfxJI wpfckckvdk vufukv d nf; ,lvmaponf?
udk =unfhaeavonf/ aemufolonf aeovdk [mvm[if;vif;}uD; jzpfae=u +cH t 0od k @ a&muf a omtcg
olrtm; ryGcsDumwJxJodk@ ac:oGm;av onf[k xifrSwf&avonf? ol}uD;rif; ol wdk@ onf r,f zm;ESif h yul;wdk@tm;
awmhonf? rS m um; txd c d k u f q H k ; jzpf a vonf ? vSrf;ac:avonf? olwdk@onf wHcg;udk
xd k ae@naeapmif ; avmuf r S +rdK@rSrif;pdk;rsm;vnf; ,cktcg t&ifv zGifh&efrvG,f? zGifhI&awmifrS yul;wdk@.
r,fzm;onf &GmxJok@d jyef0ifchaJ vonf? avmufrvm=uawmhay? acG;rsm;u a=umufp&maumif;onf?
'gayr,fh olr. vufxJrSmawmh yJnGef@ r,fzm;udkvnf; ttHh=o}uD; txJ r S rnf o l w pf O D ; wpf
rsm;rygchaJ y? tHh=ord=uavonf? &GmxJodk@ wpfvae a,muf urS rxl; bJ& Sda vonf? xd k@
aemufo Hk;av;&ufcef@ =um vdk@ wpfacgufawmifrSyif vmazmfr& a=umifh olwdk@onf aemufxyfoHk;av
oG m;aomtcg &Gm xJY rdef ;rxkt zd k@ awmh ay? xd kr# jid rf csufo m;aumif; cGef;atmfac:awmhrS r,fzm;.toHudk
r,fzm;tm;twif;ajym p&m topf t aeonfrSm wu,fqdkawmh yul;. t =um;&+yD; vl yg wJt 0od k@ xGuf vm
qef; wpfcak y:vmpjyKjyefawmhonf? tkyftcsKyfaumif;vd@k yifavm? olronf avonf?
'gayr,fh olrwd@k onf =um&Snf yul ; wpf r suf E S m tm; urB m xif a e r,fzm;rSm qHyifrsm; z&dzk &Jjzpf
rajymvdkuf&&Smay? tb,fh a=umifhqdk +yDavm? b,fwkef;urS a,mufsm;wpf aeavonf? olr. rsufESmrSmvnf;
aomf wpfywfcef@ twGif;rSmyif r,fzm; a,muftay:Y pGpJ +JG r+J rJ wpfvjynfah tmif a'gojzifh eDjref;aeyHk&avonf?
onf yul ; .jcH o dk @ oGm ;&mrS vH k ; vH k ; pdwfr0ifpm;aom r,fzm;rSm ,ck yul; olrnf ol}uD;&Sd&modk@ vmrnf
tdrfrjyefawmhbJ aevdkufonft h wGuf ESifhusawmh jidrfusoGm;yHkrSm tHhzG,fol tvkyf a,mufsm;wpfa,mufu aemufrS
jzpfavonf? &J & S d v S onf ? Tod k @ ol w d k @awG ; aerd aeI qHyifudk vSrf;qGJvdkufavonf?
wpfzef ‚owif;tus,fudk =uavonf? xdkolum; yul;jzpfonf?
tESyd fonfa':v$m}uD;xHrSwqifh =um;& wpfcgwpf&H olw@dk onf yul;wd@k ‘[J h v$ w f [ J h æacG ; aumif
onfum; yul;eSifh r,fzm;wdk@onf nm; +cHteD;odk@ ra,mifrvnf oGm;=unfh yul;’
ae=u+y[ D o l wnf;? =u.? r,f zm;tm; wpf cgwpf& Ho m ‘bmvd@k v$wf&rSmvJ eifroGm;
TwGif ol}uD;rif;rS pI &Gmol awG@&onfqdk.? wcsKd@u r,fzm;rSm &bl;’
&Gm om;rS ef o r#wdk @ onf rausrcsrf ; t0rysuf pnf;pdrfawG wdk;aeyH&k onf[k ‘oGm;r,f eifeJ@ raygif;bl;? ck
jzpfuke=f uonfw h idk fatmif bmrS rwwf rS wf csuf csavonf? wcsKd @uawmh rl oGm;r,f’
EdkifawmhonfhtqH;k ol}u;D rif;uæ r,fzm;rsufEmS rSm odyfromvS[k qdkav ‘eif roGm;&bl;? eif igrh ,m;æ’
‘a[h yul;/ 'Dvdkjzpf&ifvnf; onf ? rnf o l @ pum; trS e f j zpf v d r f ‘oGm;r,f? bmjzpfvæ J ’
xH;k pHtwdik fvyk &f ;kd vkyfpOfuav; vkyOf ;D rS h r nf [ k a wmh aocsmwyf t yf r ajym ‘roGm;yge@J r,fzm;&,fæ igrh mS
aygh’ [kom ajym&HkajymEdik fawmhonf.? Edkif=uay? bmtjypf & S d v d k @ vJ ? eif a ecsif o vd k
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Edk@qDbl;eJ@ wGuf&if tvHk; 200? tvHk; Edkifz@dk qdkwm odyfrvG,fyg? 'Dae@qdk ydkqdk; ‘rHrHcsm;r,f’wJh?
200 rSm 8 vHk; a&mygoGm;awmh b,fol wmu orD;rae@u ukefpdrf; oGm;,l
odrSmvJ? olOEq&mvnf; xdcdkufrSm &if;eJ@ acG;udkufcH&wmrdk@ 'Dreufawmh ol@ajr;av;[m trsm;wum
r[kwfwm? 'Dae@awmh yGayguf wkd;+yD? tzsm; wuf a e+yD ? ol @ oruf wpf uav;awGvd k rkef @ud k rawmif;wwf
nae td rf jyef a&mufv dk @rsm; yd ku fq H a,mufwnf; reufuwnf;u qdkuf awmh ygvm;? xrif;udkyJ ylqm wwf
txyf v d k u f ol @ rd e f ; rud k jyEd k i f v d k @ um;xGuf eif;onf? qefzdk; &&if reuf awmhygvm;? olwkd@ tdrfpD;yGm;a&;[m
uawmh cgwd ki f; ukd vS a rmif u ae‘ pm csufzdk@ jyefvmay;rnf[kvdk@ ajymoH ajr;ruav;udk rkef@0,fauGs; zkd@awmif
45
rwwfEdkifpGrf; +yDyJ? zswf c eJ = um;a,mif +yD ; csd e f r S m awmh +yDbk&m;?
ol@vufawG qefawmif;xJ a&muf+yD;
ol@pdwfxJu bk&m;udkyJ tm±Hk
‘tar}uD;a& igaps;buf c% oGm ;+yD ? toih fa wG @ onhf Edk @qDb l; eJ @
jyKaerd o nf ? ajcaxmuf u zd e yf u
av#mufvdkuf OD;r,fuGm’ ajym+yD; ol ol@cg;ydkuf axmif xJ uysmuoD cyf
tdrfay:u qif;vmcJhonf? vnf; b,fa&mufoGm;rSef; rod awmh?
xnh f v d k u f o nf ? b,f o l r S rawG @ ?
aEGaeylonf ol@wpfudk,fvHk;udk avmif
qefcyfaewkef; reufu &Sdckd;cJhaom bk
‘bdk;bdk;}uD; rHrH,lcJhyg aemf’ &m;udk owd&rdonf? +rdKuf ae+yD? tjriftm±HkawG r_ef0g;vm
+yD; ajcvSrf; r[efawmh? tkef;ceJ wpf
at;yguG,f? bkd;bdk;}uD; ,lcJhyg ‘t'dEMm'gem a0&mr %dod csuf=um; t+yD;rSm tm;vHk; arSmiftwd
r,f uav;&,f? aps;bufrSm bdk;bdk; uQmy'H orm"d,mrd’ck reufpmawmh usoG m;onf? ol@ cg;ykH pav;ud ka wmh
}uD;&J@ tod tuGsrf;av; bmav;awG@ &+yD? ol@ ajr;rav; ærsufESm? wif;usyfpGm qkyfxm;qJ?
&if orD;av;zdk@ rkef@zdk;av; &aumif;
yg&J@? ‘olckd;AsKd@ æ olckd;’ ‘bkd;bdk;}uD; rHrH,lcJhyg aemf’
vrf ; ay:a&muf a wmh aeyl ol vSnhftxGufrSm qeftdwf ‘vS a rmif rif ; qef t d w f
ae+yD? tJ' D awmhr S ol @ rS m taqmif yHk=um;xJu qdkif&Sif toHay:vmonf? oGm;ydk@wm =umvScsnfvm;’
;rygvmwm odawmhonf? rxl;+yDrdk@ ol @ ajcvS r f ; ud k cyf o G u f o G u f vS r f ; ‘[m =umqdk q&m&,f/ qGrf;
qufav#mufvmawmhonf? vrf;rSm vd kufo nf? ajcoHawG wjznf ;jznf; }uD; avmif;yGJeJ@ wkd;aevdk@ 0ifavmif;cJh
b,folrSvnf; rawG@? aps;a±S› a&muf eD ; vm+yD ? vS n h f = unh f v k d u f a wmh &ao;w,f’
awmh bm&,fr[kwf aps;0dkif;xJ 0ifvm b,fuae pkrdvmonhf vltkyf}uD;vJ
chJonf? 11 em&D qkd awmh aps;xJrSm rod? ‘a[haumif 'Dtcsdef}uD; b,f
vljywfoavmuf &Sda e+yD? wcsKd@qdkif u qGrf;cH=u&rSmvJ? rif;ighudk vmr
awGqdk a&mif;olawmif r&Sd? 'Dtwdkif; ‘csuGm uJ uGm’ ywfeJ@/ [kdqdkif0ifaewm r[kwfvm;’
xm;cJh+yD; rkef@av; bmav; xGufpm; =u
onf? ‘zkef; zkef;’ ‘r[k w f y gbl ; q&m&,f ?
q&mu w,fydef;wmudk;? olcdk; q&m
ol a v#muf & if ; eJ @ qef q d k i f ‘a[h a[h rvkyf=u eJ@? &Jpcef; &,f olcdk;/
wpfqdkif oGm;awG@onf? awmif;awG ac:oGm;’
awmif;awGxJ rSm qefawG armufae twihf& Jvdkufwm q&ma&?
atmif xnhf+yD; cif;usif;xm;yHku 0,f ‘aocgeD ; awmif w&m; aps;axmih f u qef q d k i f r S m ae@cif ;
csifp&m? aemufbuf rSmvnf; qef r&SdwJhaumif’ a=umifawmif}uD; 0ifcdk;wm? wpfaps;
td wfawG txyf xyfq ihf um yHkx m; vH k ; 0d k i f ; vk d u fw m/ uG s ef a wmf v nf ;
onf? 'DrSmawmh qefawGu awmifykH ±_ y f , S u f c wf a eonh f toH wpfcsufESpfcsuf 0iftkyfcJh ao;w,f’
&myHk/ ol@wkd@ tdrfrSmawmh ckxd reufpm awG=um;rSm ol@rsufESm wpfckvHk; zl;
csuf zdk@ qefwpfaphawmif r&Sdygvm;? a&mifudkif;ae+yD? ol@acgif;qDrS aoG;awG ‘b,favmufawmif ygoGm;
qdkif&Sifvnf; rawG@? qefqdkifa&S@uae usvmonf? owJhvJ’
aemufwpfacguf xyfa v#muf vdkuf
onf? qdkif&Sif jyefra&mufvmao;? t&Sifbk&m; wynhf awmf ol ‘4 vHk;wJh q&m’
ckd; r[kwfygbl; bk&m;? wynhfawmf i&J
‘bdk;bdk;}uD; rHrH,lcJh aemf’ udkvnf; ,Hk=unfygonf bk&m;? w
ynhfawmf&J@ajr;rav; toHudk =um;
ajr;rav;. toH av;ud k a,mif rdcsdefrSm ckvdkrsKd; jzpfae+yD; oGm;yg
aiGMu,fpif
46
(63)ESpaf jrmufjynfaxmifpkaeYtrSwfw&
trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifMuD; Adv
k fcsKyfatmifqef;\
pnf;&H;k a&;pGrf;&nf
rSwfa&;xdk;edKifcyJh gonf?)/ r nfodk@yifjzpfap ‘wpfeSpftwGif;
jref r mh v G y f v yf a &;ord k i f ; ud k rS w f w ef ; wif
a&;om;onf&Sdaomf 1947-ckESpfqef;u AdkvfcsKyfatmif qef; vk H ; 0vG w f v yf a &;ay;ygrnf ’ [k +Ad w d o # tpd k ; &u
acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ wpfzGJ@onf jref tmrcHcsufay;cJhonhf ‘atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf’ t&
jrefrmedKifiHonf 1948-ck/ Zefe0g&D 4 &ufae@/ eHeuf 4em&D
rmhvGwfvyfa&;udpPta&;qdk&ef &efukef+rdKŒrS +AdwdefedKifiH/ vef
'ef+rdKŒodk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonfudkvnf;aumif;/ AdkvfcsKyfwdk@rdepf20 rSpI ‘jynfaxmifpkorRwedKifiH’ tjzpf vGwfvyf
tzGJ@ESifh +Adwdo#eef;&if;0ef (0ef}uD;csKyf) rpPwmtufwvD aom tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifedKifiH jzpfvmcJhaoma=umifh
OD;aqmifonfh +Adwdo#udk,fpmvS,ftzGJ@wdk@ 1947-ckeSpf/ ,if;odk@ wu,fvG wfv yfa &;&csd efY ol toufxif¶S m;
Zefe0g&Dv 13 &ufae@rSpI vef'ef+rdKŒ¶dS urBmausmf vdyfpm r¶Sdawmhvifhupm; ol.OD;aqmif}udK;yrf;rSKa=umifh vGwfvyf
wpfckjzpfaom trSwf 10/ a'gif;eif;vrf; (No. 10, Down a&;&cJhjcif;jzpfav&m AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm; ‘vGwfvyfa&;
ing Street )wGi f pwifaqG;aEG;cJhonfudk vnf;aumif; csef Adokum’ [k *k%fjyKwifpm; ac:a0:ae=ujcif;jzpfonf?
vSyfxm;vdkufygu +yD;jynfhpkHrnf r[kwfacs? ,ae@vli,fr sm; txl; od¶SdrSwfom;=u apcsif
onfum; vGwfvyfa&; twGuf 27-1-47 ae@u vef'ef+rdKŒ
xdkESpfqef;u orkdif;wGifusef&pfrnfh &ufpGJwpfck
um; 1947 ckeSpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 27&ufae@yif jzpfonf? t wGif vufrSwfa&;xdk; csKyfqdkcJhaom ‘atmifqef;-tufwvD
a=umif;rlum; xdkae@wGif +Adwdo#tpdk;&u jrefrmedKifiHtm; pmcsKyf’udk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;taejzifh tcuftcJr¶Sd vG,f
wpf ESpftwGif; vkH;0vGyfvyfa&; ay;ygawmhrnf[k tmrcH ula csmarmpG m csKyf qd k ed Kif cJ hj cif ; r[k wf [ la om tcsuf
csufay;onfh ‘atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf’ udkatmifjrif yifwnf;?
acsmarmpGm vufrSwfa&;xdk; vdkuf=uaoma=umifhyifwnf;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf vef'ef+rdKŒodk@a&muf+yD;
‘vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;’ qdkonfrSmvnf; jrefrmjynfrESifhwuG 0ef}uD;csKyf rpPwmtufwvD acgif;aqmifaom +Adwdo#tpkd;
awmifwef;a'o&Sd vlrsKd ;pkrsm;aexdkif&ma'o (jynfe,f) rsm;&tzGJ@eSifh pwifaqG;aEG;=uonfh 1947-ck/ Zefe0g&Dv 13
tygt0if UNION ‘,leD,H’ ac: ‘jynfaxmifpk’ yHkpHtjzpf &ufae@uyif ol.vdkvm;csufudk bGif;bGif;eSifh jywfom;pGm
vGwfvyfa&;ay;jcif;udk qdkvdkayonf? yif awmif;qdkcJhonf? ol@taejzifh jrefrmedKifiH jynfrtwGuf
(rSwfcsuf? ? 27-1-47 ae@wGif ‘atmifqef;- omru awmifwefa'o¶Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pktwGufyg
tufwvD pmcsKyf ’ vufrS wfa &;xdk;+yD; aemuf 19-7-47 udk,fpm;jyKI vma&mufjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ vdkcsifonfh vGwf
vyfa&;ykHpHuvnf; jynfreSifh awmifwef;a'oae vlrsdK;
ae@wG if Adk vfcsKyf eSi fhw uG taygif ;tyg tmZmenfa cgif;
aqmif}uD;rsm; vkyf=uHcH&I usqkH;oGm;vifhupm; AdkvfcsKyf. pk r sm;. a'oe,f y ,f (jynf e ,f ) rsm; pk a ygif ; zG J @ pnf ;
OD;aqmifrSKjzifh aqG;aEG;awmif;qdk&mrS &¶SdcJhaom ‘atmif tyfonfh UNION ‘jynfaxmifpk’ toGifrsdK;jzpfa=umif;udk
qef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf’onf ysufjy,froGm;cJhygacs? 1947- &J0Hhjywfom;pGm ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
ckeSpf/ Zlvkdifv 19 &ufae@ nydkif;rSmyif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ,if;odk@ aqG;aEG;yGJwGif pwifta&;qdkaeqJrSmyif
ae&m qufcH&ef/ wm0efqufvuf,l&ef +Adwdo#bk&ifcHu taeSmuft,Suf/ txpftaighwpfck ay:vmygawmhonf?
zqyvtzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUÏ ocifeK (OD ;eK)udk zd wfac: ,if;um; +Adwdo# tpdk;&xHodk@ jrefrmedKifiHrS a=u;eef;wpf
cef@xm;+yD;aemuf r=umrD OD;eK udk,fwdkif +Adwdo#tpdk;&. apmif a&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf? a=u;eef;pmwGif ,ck vef'ef
zdwfac:csuft& vef'ef+rdKŒodk@ oGm;a&mufI vGwfvyfa&; a&mufaeol atmifqef;onf awmifwefa'o wkdif;&if;om;
t+yD;owf tpDtpOftjzpf ‘eK-tufwvDpmcsKyf’udk vuf vlr sdK;pk rsm;ud k udk, fpm;rjyK/ txl;ojzifh udk ,fpm;vS,f
aygif ; pk H y g0if a om tpnf ; ta0;wpf c k jzpf a jrmuf o G m ;
47
ygawmhonf? pmrsufESm 41 rS
,if; tpnf ; ta0;odk @ Ad k v fc sKyf u d k, f wd k i fw uf olronf yul;. vufarmif; udk ukef;Iudkufav&m
a&muf+yD; ‘,leD,H’ ac: jynfaxmifpk toGifjzifh jynfe,frsm; yul ;rSm em usifojzifh rsufESm}uD; &_ H@rJh &if; v$wfvd kuf
eSifh jynfrwdk@ yl;aygif;zGJ@vsuf vGwfvyfa&; &,ljcif;onf &avonf?
omv#if taumif;qkH;jzpfa=umif; tcsuftvuf pkHvif ‘r,fzm;æ roGm;eJ@/ roGm;eJ@ ig&efvHkudk v$wfvdkuf
pGmjzifh ¶Sif;vif;ajymjy&m tm;vkH;u em;vnfoabm ayguf r,faemf’ [katmf ajymavonf? r,fzm;u vSnfhrvm?
oGm;+yD; vufcHoabmwlnDoGm;=uavonf? 0if;wHcg;qDok@d ajy;oGm;avonf? xd@k a=umifhæ
xdkae@um; 1947-ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 11 &ufae@ vlwpf&yfcef@ eD;eD;&Sad om tif; acG;}uD;onf ocif.
yifjzpfonf?wpfenf;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpkae@ (azaz:0g&Dv trdef@udk emcHI avSmiftdrfxJrS wpf[kefwnf; ajy;xGuf
12) jzpf a y:vmaponf h yif v k H n D n G w f a &; pmcsKyf } uD ; vmonfrSm usm;}uD;vm;[kyif atmuf arh&awmhonf?
jzpfajrmufatmifjrif&ef azaz:0g&Dv 11 &ufae@ naeusrS ‘tr,fav;æ aoyg+yD ol}uD;? ol}uD;æ ypfyg’
yif aocsmoGm;cJhygonf? &G m om;rsm;u atmf a vonf ? r,f z m;rS m
xkdtcsdefY ‘pwDAifqif’ OD;aqmifaom +Adwdo# wHcg;teD;odk@ a&mufaeay+yD? olronf aemufok@d wpfcsuo f m
e,fc sJ Œvuf yg;aptk yf pk uawmh aemuf qk H; tajctaeudk vSnfh =unfhonf? ol}uD;u aoewfarmif;udk wifavonf?
rod=uao;? olwdk@aoG;cGJ ajcxdk;xm;onfhtwdkif; yifvkH aemufcsdefwhu J m ypfrnfh qJqJæ
pmcsKyf rnfo dk@rS jzpf ajrmufe dKifrnf r[kwf [k wxpf cs ‘ol}uD;æ ol}uD; rypfygeJ@/ rypf yge@J æ’
xifae=uqJyifjzpfonf?wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pk acgif;aqmif r,f z m;u atmf a jymojzif h wH k@ oG m;avonf ?
rsm;ES i f hw uG ucsif ' l 0 grsm;/ &S r f j ynf e ,f r S e,f ¶ S i f a pmf vl trsm;uvnf; ‘ypf ygæ ypfy g’ [k atmf= uavonf?
bGm;rsm;onf Adkvf csKyf. eSvkH;om;twGif; tcdkiftrm udef; ol}uD;rSm bmrSrvkyfwwfawmhovdk a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaeay
atmif;aeonfh ‘jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwf’ ta=umif; aumif; awmhonf?
pGmodjrif oabm aygufoGm;=u+yD jzpfavonf? xdktcdu k f acG;}uD;onf r,fzm; teD;od@k a&mufaom
xdk@a=umifyif aemufwpfae@ azaz:0g&Dv 12 &uf tcg ckeI f tkyv f kud f avonf? rtkycf if r,fzm;u vuf azsmuf
eHeuf 10 em&DtcsdefwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; trSK;jyKaom uav; wpfcsufwD;+yD; ‘&efvHkæ &efvHk’ [kac:vdkufonfukd
udk,fpmvS,f 22OD; wkd@onf ordkif;0if ‘yifvkHnDnGwfa&; b,forl S =um;vdu k fyHkray:æ?
pmcsKyf}uD;’ udk wpfa,muf+yD;wa,muf qufwdkuf vuf [kwfuJh/ &efvHkonf ckefI r,fzm;. v,frsKdqD
rSwfa&;xkd;vdkuf=uonf? odk@tkyfvdkufygonf? 'gayr,fh ol. xdk;xGufaeaom yg;pyf
Tum; 1942-ckeSpf ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf twGif;rS tpG,rf sm;udk txufEiS hf atmufjyefIraphyg? wxGm
(bDtkd ifa t) acwfr SpI Adk vfc sKyf taejzif h txl;}udK;pm om omcef@&Sdaom v#m}uD;jzifhom r,fzm;. yg;udk vsufae
wnf a qmuf c J h a om wk d i f ; &if ; om;pnf ; vk H ; nD n G w f a &;/ avonf?
ppf+yD;acwf zqyv tzGJ@csKyf odk@r[kwf trsdK;om;wyfOD; r,fzm;u &efvHk. yg;}uD;udk olr.yg;ESifhtyf xm;
}uD;. OuUÏtjzpf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pk rsm;tm; w&if;weDS; avonf? +y;D awmh ol@u, dk }f uD;tm;vnf; zufxm;av onf?
pnf;¶kH;cJhjcif;/ (26-9-46) ae@wGif tpdk;& tm%m&&Sd+yD; aemuf olronf wHcg;csufudk zGifhI +cHtjyifodk@
aemufwGifvnf; awmifwef;a'orsm;odk@ udk,fwdkifoGm; ckefxGufvmaomtcgY yul;qDok@d vSrf;um-
a&mufvsuf aoG;csif;vlrsdK;pkrsm;tm; tyifyef;cH pnf;¶kH;cJh ‘[Jh yul;&J@/ &efvHku eifhvl r[kwfawmhbl;[Jhæ
jcif;wdk@. &v'fyifwnf;? ighvjl zpfaewm =um+yD? em;vnf&J@vm;æ [if;æ [if;æ’
wpfe nf; tm;jzifh Ad kv fc sKyfo nf ol. pnf; ¶kH; xdko@dk atmfajymvdkuf&if; ol}uD; wd@k vlpkEiS fh &GmqDok@d
a&; pG r f ; &nf j zif h ‘jynfa xmif p ko rR w jref r med K if i H vduk fygvm avawmh ownf;?
awmf’ [l a om vGw fv yfo nf h tcsKyft jcm tm%m
yd k i f ed K if i H w pf e d K if i H u d k urB m h a jryk H a y:wG i f xif ¶ S m ; armifpnfol
ay:vGi fp Gm a&;qGJz efw D; edKifc Jh jcif; yif jzpfy gownf; ?
&_r0r*~Zif;
wuUodkvfae0if; 1956ckepS f/ 'DZifbmvrS jyefvnfazmfjyyg onf?
48
49

Aaharasazaung 108

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trSwfpOf-108 azaz:0g&D-2010

tm[m&0d k i f ; awmf o m;rsm;

tm[m&jrwfE dk; olr sm;twGu f æ

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jynfaxmifpkae@tcrf;tem;rsm;jyKvkyfcJH=uonfrSm 63- }udrfajrmuf&SdcJh+yDjzpfonf? okd@aomfvnf; trdjrefrm EdkifiH

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tm[m&taeeJ@ qef@usifwu dk fcdkufr_awGudk tjywftowf ckcHumuG,f&if; tzdEdyS fcH jynfolvlxk&JŒ bufawmf

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x,f a emufvd kuf

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