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Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
THEVENINS THEOREM
Thevenins Theorem: Thevenins theorem states that any two output
terminals of an active linear network containing independent sources can be
replaced by a simple voltage source of magnitude in series with a single
resistor .
The procedure for applying Thevenins theorem
To find a current IL through the load resistance RL using Thevenins
theorem, the following steps are followed:

Step-1: Disconnect the load resistance ( RL ) from the circuit, as indicated


in fig.

Step-2: Calculate the open-circuit voltage (shown in fig.8.2(b)) at the load


terminals
(VTH A&B ) after disconnecting the load resistance ( RL ). In general, one
can apply any of the
techniques (mesh-current, node-voltage and superposition method) learnt in
earlier
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS NOTES BY K LOKESH

Department of Electrical and Electronics


Engineering
lessons to compute (experimentally just measure the voltage across the load
terminals
using a voltmeter).
Step-3: Redraw the circuit (fig. 8.2(b)) with each practical source replaced
by its internal
resistance as shown in fig.8.2(c). (note, voltage sources should be shortcircuited (just
remove them and replace with plain wire) and current sources should be
open-circuited

Step-4: Look backward into the resulting circuit from the load terminals (
A&B ) , as
suggested by the eye in fig.L.8.2(c). Calculate the resistance that would
exist between the
load terminals ( or equivalently one can think as if a voltage source is
applied across the
load terminals and then trace the current distribution through the circuit
(fig.8.2 (c)) in
order to calculate the resistance across the load terminals.) The resistance R
Th is
described in the statement of Thevenins theorem. Once again, calculating
this resistance
may be a difficult task but one can try to use the standard circuit reduction
technique.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS NOTES BY K LOKESH

Department of Electrical and Electronics


Engineering
Step-5: Place R Th in series withV Th to form the Thevenins equivalent
circuit (replacing the imaginary fencing portion or fixed part of the circuit
with an equivalent practical voltage source) as shown in fig. 8.2(d)
.
Step-6: Reconnect the original load to the Thevenin voltage circuit as shown
in fig.8.2(e); the loads voltage, current and power may be calculated by a
simple arithmetic operation only.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS NOTES BY K LOKESH

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