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    Module1 2

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    Disha Goyal
    The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which provides a technique to replace a given network as viewed from two output terminals by a single voltage source in series with a resistance. It explains how to apply the theorem to calculate the current through a load resistance by finding the open circuit voltage and internal resistance of the network as viewed from the terminals.

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    Module1 2

    Uploaded by

    Disha Goyal
    8 views7 pages
    The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which provides a technique to replace a given network as viewed from two output terminals by a single voltage source in series with a resistance. It explains how to apply the theorem to calculate the current through a load resistance by finding the open circuit voltage and internal resistance of the network as viewed from the terminals.

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    The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which provides a technique to replace a given network as viewed from two output terminals by a single voltage source in series with a resistance. It explains how to apply the theorem to calculate the current through a load resistance by finding the open circuit voltage and internal resistance of the network as viewed from the terminals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views7 pages

    Module1 2

    Uploaded by

    Disha Goyal
    The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which provides a technique to replace a given network as viewed from two output terminals by a single voltage source in series with a resistance. It explains how to apply the theorem to calculate the current through a load resistance by finding the open circuit voltage and internal resistance of the network as viewed from the terminals.

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    Thevenin Theorem

    It provides a mathematical technique for replacing a given network, as viewed


    from two output terminals, by a single voltage source with a series resistance.
    It makes the solution of complicated networks (particularly, electronic
    networks) quite quick and easy. The application of this extremely useful
    theorem will be explained with the help of the following simple example.
    Suppose, it is required to find current flowing through load resistanceRL, as
    shown in Fig. We will proceed as under

    1.Remove RL from the circuit terminals A and B and redraw the circuit as shown
    in Fig. (b). Obviously, the terminals have become open-circuited.

    2.Calculate the open-circuit voltage Voc which appears across terminals A and B
    when they are open i.e. when RL is removed. As seen, Voc = drop across R2 = IR2
    where I is the circuit current when A and B are open.

    3. Now, imagine the battery to be removed from the circuit, leaving its internal
    resistance r behind and redraw the circuit, as shown in Fig. (c). When viewed
    inwards from terminals A and B, the circuit consists of two parallel paths : one
    containing R2 and the other containing (R1 + r). The equivalent resistance of the
    network, as viewed from these terminals is given as
    This resistance is also called,* Thevenin resistance Rth (though, it is also
    sometimes written as Ri or R0). Consequently, as viewed from terminals A and
    B, the whole network (excluding R1) can be reduced to a single source (called
    Thevenin’s source) whose e.m.f. equals V∝ (or Vth) and whose internal
    resistance equals Rth (or Ri) as shown in Fig.below

    4. RL is now connected back across terminals A and B from where it was


    temporarily removed earlier. Current flowing through RL is given by

    Thevenin’s theorem, as applied to d.c. circuits, may be stated as under :

    The current flowing through a load resistance RL connected across any two
    terminals A and B of a linear, active bilateral network is given by Voc || (R i +
    RL) where Voc is the open-circuit voltage (i.e. voltage across the two terminals
    when RL is removed) and Ri is the internal resistance of the network as viewed
    back into the open-circuited network from terminals A and B with all voltage
    sources replaced by their internal resistance (if any) and current sources by
    infinite resistance.
    How to Thevenize a Given Circuit ?
    1. Temporarily remove the resistance (called load resistance RL) whose current
    is required.
    2. Find the open-circuit voltage Voc which appears across the two terminals from
    where resistance has been removed. It is also called Thevenin voltage Vth.
    3. Compute the resistance of the whose network as looked into from these two
    terminals after all voltage sources have been removed leaving behind their
    internal resistances (if any) and current sources have been replaced by open-
    circuit i.e. infinite resistance. It is also called Thevenin resistance Rth or Ti.
    4. Replace the entire network by a single Thevenin source, whose voltage is Vth
    or Voc and whose internal resistance is Rth or Ri.
    5. Connect RL back to its terminals from where it was previously removed.
    6. Finally, calculate the current flowing through RL by using the equation,
    I = Vth/(Rth + RL) or I = Voc/(Ri + RL)

    Q. Convert the circuit shown in Fig.below, to a single voltage source in series

    with a single resistor.


    Q. Apply this Thevinin theorem to calculate the current through the 4 Ω resistor
    of the circuit of Fig. below.
    With reference to the network of Fig. below, by applying Thevenin’s theorem
    find the following :
    (i) the equivalent e.m.f. of the network when viewed from terminals A and B.
    (ii) the equivalent resistance of the network when looked into from terminals A
    and B.
    (iii) current in the load resistance RL of 15 Ω.
    Using Thevenin theorem, calculate the current flowing through the 4 Ω resistor

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