IEEE 1999 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS'99, July 1999, Hong Kong.

Analysis of 12 Pulse Phase Control AC/DC Converter

Tsomg-Juu Liang* Jim-Fuh Chen* Ching- Lung Chu** Kuen-Jyh Chen*

*Department of Electrical Engineering **Nan-Tai Institute of Technology

National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering
Tainan, Taiwan, R.0.C Tainan, Taiwan, R.0.C

Email: -mail.ncku.edu.tw
TEL: 886-6-2757575 Ext. 62355
F a : 886-6-2762707

-
Abstract In this paper, the unbalanced current in the 12- analysis method is used to verify the unsymmetrical phase
pulse phase control AC/DC converters was studied. The 12- shift in the autotransformer connected 12-pulse AC/DC
pulse A-Y type AClDC converter will keep a balanced converter. Also, a balanced current can be obtained by
voltage with 30" phase shifted at the low coupling coefficient using the thyristors controlled rectifiers with a feedback
condition. But an unbalanced current will be obtained in the controller. The computer simulations and experimental
12-pulse autotransformer phase shift AClDC converter at the results are performed to verify the theoretical analysis.
low coupling coefficient condition. The theoretical phasor
analysis of the unbalanced current was presented and a
feedback controller was designed to overcome this problem. 11. 12-PULSE AC/DC CONVERTER
Finally, a 3 kW 12-pulse autotransformer phase shifted
AClDC converter was implemented to demonstrate the
theoretical analysis. The conventional 12-pulse AC/DC converters are
shown in Figla and Figlb. The power factor and
Keywords : 12 Pulse AClDC Converter, Phase Controller, harmonic components of the utility input line current can be
Autotransformer improved by shifting the input voltages 30" in the A-Y
connected AC/DC converter as well as in the
autotransformer phase-shifted AC/DC converter. But the
I. INTRODUCTION output voltages of these AC/DC converters are not
controllable. The output voltage of the 12-pulse AC/DC
converter can be controlled by using the thyristors instead
In recent years, the harmonics in the power system are
of diodes. The 12-pulse phase control AC/DC converters
serious due to the widely applications of the electronic with A-Y isolated transformer and autotransformer
equipments in which the AC/DC converter are usually used. connected are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively. Fig.
Therefore, it is an important topic to reduce harmonic 4 and Fig. 5 show the equivalent circuit and the per phase
components in the AC/DC converter. The harmonic voltage phasor diagram of the A-Y isolated transformer
problems can be solved by using the active filters which are AC/DC converter. Fig. 5 illustrates that the voltage V , lags
usually operated at high switching frequency and are not
suitable for high power applications. The power factor and
v, in the inductive load condition when the coupling
harmonic componentsof the utility input line current can be coefficient is less than unity. The voltages v:, and vi2
improved by the poly-pulse ACDC converter. Choi[l] have the same amplitude and the phase angle between vi,
proposed an autotransformer-connected 12-pulse AC/DC and vL2 is kept at a balanced 30" . Fig.6 shows the
converter to obtain high power factor and low harmonic IsSpice simulation waveforms of vR,, v;,, v,, and vi2
distortion. The required capacity of the power transformer
can be reduced by about 80 percent in the autotransformer- in the A-Y AC/DC converter with inductive load. A
connected 12-pulse AC/DC converter in comparison with balanced current can be obtained when the thyristors are
triggered with any firing angles. A simplified per phase
the A-Y connected AC/DC converter. However, an circuit and equivalent circuit of autotransformer connected
unbalanced current might be obtained at the 12-pulse AC/DC converter are shown in Fig.7 and Fig.8,
autotransformer connected AC/DC converter due to the respectively.
unsymmetrical phase shifted. In this paper, the phasor

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 From Fig. 7, the following equations can be derived

where L , , r, and 4 are self-inductance

M , , M , and M , are mutual-inductance

From Fig. 8, the following equations can be derived

ysr
di
( L * + L )A-
= L di L di
b R 1 +b R I
(4)
dt a dt a dt
L di L di L di (5)
E = A S - (2+ L , ) A + +A
A a dt a’ dt a dt
E = bL _ di
$ _ - LL_ ediL + ( bL+ L )d’”, (6)
a dt a’ dt a’ dt

By assuming 4 = 4 ,M , = M,, the inductance Lb ,Lb ,L,

and L, can be expressed as
U
(b) La = (1 - K)L,
Fig. 1. Conventional 12-pulse AClDC converter.
(a) A-Yisolated transformer. L,=K4
(b) Autotransformerphase shifted.
L,=L,=(I-K)L,

and

I
E, = -(vn - isj w Lo)- i,, j w LC (10)
a
I
EB = -(vm -isjoLe)+iRljoLC
(11)

= vR- E, = vRI+ jw Lc(ais- i,,) (12)

vL2 = v, + E, = v,, - jwLc(ai,+ iR2) (13)

By ignoring the excitation current i, , Equation (12) and

Fig. 2. 12-pulse phase control A-Yconnected AC/DC converter. (13) become

VL, = v,, + jwLc(iR2

-2iRl)
vi2 = vR2- j w 4(2i,, - i,,)

From ( 14 ) and ( 15 ) ,the phasor diagram analysis

can be used to compute the autotransformer connected
output voltage and ,,k2. Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b show the
phasor diagrams of and , 12 with inductive load and
resistive load. Due to the effect of the leakage inductance of
the autotransformer, the practical voltage ,;,
will lag the
ideal output voltage However, the practical output
Fig. 3. I;!-pulse phase control autotransformer connected AC/DC voltage v;2 will lead the ideal voltage v,2. Thus, the
converter.

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 voltage amplitudes of v;, and v;z are not equal and the
phase shift between v;, and cannot be kept at 30" .
The output voltages, ,;,
and v;z, in the autotransformer
connected AC/DC converter with inductive load and
resistive load are shown in Fig. loa and Fig. lob,
respectively. They also depict the unequal amplitudes and
unbalanced phase shifted between v;j and This I I
phenomenon will cause unequal conducting time in each
paralleled 6-pulse AC/DC converter at the same firing angle Fig. 7 Simplified per-phase circuit of the autotransformer connected ACDC
conditions. The output current of will be increased and converter.

the output current of v;z will be decreased so that the

interphase reactor might be saturated with the unbalanced dc
,EA '
current. The unbalance current will become more serious at
the low coupling coefficient or large firing angle conditions.

i ~3 j3

Fig. 8 Equivalent circuit of autotransformer connected ACDC converter.

Fig. 4 Equivalent circuit diagram of A-Y transformer ACDC converter.

T I

Fig. 5 Phasor diagram of A-Y transformer AC/DC converter with

inductive load

I I
VS (b)
Fig. 6 Computer simulation of vR,, vl vRZand viz in A-Y Fig. 9 Phasor diagram of autotransformer connected ACDC
transformer AC/DC converter with inductive load converter with (a) inductive load. (b) resistive load.

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 Fig. 11 ( a ) and ( b ) show the output voltages and
currents of two six-pulse converters in the isolated
transformer A-Y phase control AC/DC converter. They
depict the balanced current in each six-pulse converter. The
output voltages and currents of each six-pulse converter in
the 12-pulse autotransformer connected ACDC converter
are shown in Fig. 12 ( a ) and ( b ) . Fig. 12 ( a ) depicts
that a severe problem will occur during thyristor
commutation interals. Also, the current supplied by each
six-pulse converter has a serious unbalanced problem. The
unbalanced circulating current problem can be overcome by
using a feedback controller[7] to adjust the firing angle in
of each 6-pulse AC/DC converter. The block diagram of
I the feedback controller is shown in Fig. 13. A balanced
output current of each 6-pulse ACDC converter can be
obtained and is shown in Fig. 14. Finally, a 3 kW 12-pulse
autotransformer connected ACDC converter is
implementedwith feedback controller in the laboratory. Fig.
15 shows the output currents of two 6-pulse ACDC
converters. It illustrates that a severe unbalanced current
between the two ACDC converters outputs. The output
currents of two 6-pulse ACDC converter with feedback
controller is shown in Fig. 16. It depicts a balanced output
I
0) currents are provided by two 6-pulse ACDC converter.
Fig. 10 Autotransformer connected ACDC converter output voltage
vR,, v R 2 and
(a)inductive load (b)resistive load

III. SIMULATION RESULTS

40 0

30 0

20 0

io.00
n

Fig. 13 Block diagram of controller

Fig. 1 1 The output current io,and io, of 12-pulse phase control A-Y
typ: transformer ACDC converterwith K=0.96and a = 30"
40.0
40 0

30.0
30.0

20.0
100

10.00
10.00

(I a

Li50M 15 OM 75 OM 1OSM 135M

I
15.OM 45.OM 75.OM 105M 135M
WFM 12 IOBP vs TIME in Secs
WFM.2 IOBP vs. TIME in Secs
Fig 12 The output current io, and io, of 12-pulse autotransformer Fig. 14 The output current of 12-pulse autotransformer connected
phase shift ACDC converterwith K=0.96and a = 30". AC/DC converterwith the controller

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 REFERENCES

1. S. Choi, A. Jouanne, P. Enjeti and 1. Pitel, “New Polyphase

Transformer Arrangements with Reduced kVA Capacities for
Harmonic Current Reduction in Rectifier Type Utility Interface,“
IEEE PESC, 1995.
2. S. Choi, P. N. Enjeti, H. Lee and I. J. Pitel, “A New Active
Interphase Reactor for 12-Pulse Rectifiers Provides Clean Power
Utility Interface,” IEEE IAS, pp.2468-2474, 1995.
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IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, Vol. IA-22, No.5, pp.790-
797, SepIOct, 1986.
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Fig. 15 Experimental results for a resistive load without controller Factor Correction Technique for Three-phase Diode Rectifier,”
IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vo1.6, No.1, pp.83-92, 1991.
6. L. Gyugyi and B. R. Pelly, “Static Power Frequency Changers,
Theory, Performance, and Application, ” John Wiley & Sons,
L . . . . l . . . 1
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v,(5OV/div)

. . . ve,(50Vldiv)
. . . . ... ... .
.
I., ( 2 A / dJV )
I.> ( 2 A / drv )
t(2msldrv)

Fig. 16 Experimental results for a resistive load with controller

IV. CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, the 12-pulse phase control ACDC

converters with A-Y type and autotransformer type are
analyzed and studied. The theoretical analysis is presented
and the computer simulation results are performed. The 12-
pulse A-Y type ACDC converter can function well under
any firing condition. However, a serious unbalanced
circulation current exists in the autotransformer connected
ACDC converter at the non-unity coupling coefficient
conditions. Finally, a 3 kW 12-pulse autotransformer phase
controlled ACDC converter was implemented to
demonstrate the theoretical analysis.

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