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    Panel Method For Cascade

    Uploaded by

    Ashlin Augusty
    This document presents MATLAB code for analyzing the panel method for cascade flow. It defines variables for an airfoil geometry, applies a stagger and incidence angle, and discretizes the airfoil into panels. It then solves a linear system to determine the influence coefficients and vortex strengths (gamma) for each panel. Plots show how lift coefficient (Cl), center of pressure, and exit flow angle vary with changes to the incidence angle and spacing to chord ratio. Tables summarize the results for different test cases, showing how increasing these parameters increases Cl but decreases the exit angle.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Panel Method For Cascade

    Uploaded by

    Ashlin Augusty
    107 views11 pages
    This document presents MATLAB code for analyzing the panel method for cascade flow. It defines variables for an airfoil geometry, applies a stagger and incidence angle, and discretizes the airfoil into panels. It then solves a linear system to determine the influence coefficients and vortex strengths (gamma) for each panel. Plots show how lift coefficient (Cl), center of pressure, and exit flow angle vary with changes to the incidence angle and spacing to chord ratio. Tables summarize the results for different test cases, showing how increasing these parameters increases Cl but decreases the exit angle.

    Original Description:

    Vortex Panel method for cascade of blades

    Original Title

    Panel method for cascade

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document presents MATLAB code for analyzing the panel method for cascade flow. It defines variables for an airfoil geometry, applies a stagger and incidence angle, and discretizes the airfoil into panels. It then solves a linear system to determine the influence coefficients and vortex strengths (gamma) for each panel. Plots show how lift coefficient (Cl), center of pressure, and exit flow angle vary with changes to the incidence angle and spacing to chord ratio. Tables summarize the results for different test cases, showing how increasing these parameters increases Cl but decreases the exit angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    107 views11 pages

    Panel Method For Cascade

    Uploaded by

    Ashlin Augusty
    This document presents MATLAB code for analyzing the panel method for cascade flow. It defines variables for an airfoil geometry, applies a stagger and incidence angle, and discretizes the airfoil into panels. It then solves a linear system to determine the influence coefficients and vortex strengths (gamma) for each panel. Plots show how lift coefficient (Cl), center of pressure, and exit flow angle vary with changes to the incidence angle and spacing to chord ratio. Tables summarize the results for different test cases, showing how increasing these parameters increases Cl but decreases the exit angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Panel method for cascade

    Ashlin Augusty

    The MATLAB code


    clear all;
    clc;
    x=[-0.5 -0.499315 -0.497261 -0.493844 -0.489074 -0.482963 -0.475528 -0.466790...
    -0.456773 -0.445503 -0.433013 -0.419335 -0.404508 -0.388573 -0.371572 -0.353553...
    -0.334565 -0.31466 -0.293893 -0.272232 -0.25 -0.226995 -0.203368 -0.179184...
    -0.154508 -0.12941 -0.103956 -0.078217 -0.052264 -0.026168 0 0.026168 0.052264...
    0.078217 0.103956 0.12941 0.154508 0.179184 0.203368 0.226995 0.25 0.27232...
    0.293893 0.31466 0.334565 0.353553 0.371572 0.388573 0.404508 0.419335 0.433013...
    0.445503 0.456773 0.46679 0.475528 0.482963 0.489074 0.493844 0.497261 0.499315...
    0.5];
    y=[0 0.00415 0.009064 0.01354 0.017766 0.021902 0.025891 0.029731 0.03339...
    0.036871 0.04015 0.043215 0.046051 0.048651 0.051 0.053085 0.0549 0.056444...
    0.05771 0.058699 0.05941 0.059845 0.06001 0.059915 0.05957 0.05899 0.05818...
    0.05715 0.055921 0.054512 0.05294 0.051217 0.04936 0.047385 0.045311 0.04315...
    0.04092 0.038635 0.03631 0.03396 0.0316 0.029248 0.02691 0.024594 0.022321...
    0.020106 0.01796 0.015888 0.013911 0.01204 0.010291 0.008663 0.007156 0.00584...
    0.004682 0.003555 0.002656 0.002184 0.001554 0.000518 0];
    for j=1:61
    xbh(j)=x(62-j);
    ybh(j)=y(62-j)*(-1);
    end
    for j=1:60
    xbh(61+j)=x(j+1);
    ybh(61+j)=y(j+1);
    end

    lambdad=input(Enter the stagger angle in degrees: );


    alphad=input(Enter the incidence angle in degrees: );
    spac=input(Enter the space chord ratio (s/C): );
    lambda=lambdad*pi/180;
    alpha=alphad*pi/180;
    xbz1=xbh*cos(lambda)-ybh*sin(lambda);
    ybz1=xbh*sin(lambda)+ybh*cos(lambda);
    im=sqrt(-1);
    z1=xbz1+im*ybz1;
    2

    z2=tanh(pi.*z1/spac);
    xb=real(z2);
    yb=imag(z2);

    m=length(xb)-1;

    for i=1:m
    dxc(i)=(xb(i+1)-xb(i))/((xb(i+1)-xb(i))^2+(yb(i+1)-yb(i))^2)^0.5;
    dyc(i)=(yb(i+1)-yb(i))/((xb(i+1)-xb(i))^2+(yb(i+1)-yb(i))^2)^0.5;
    xc(i)=0.5*(xb(i)+xb(i+1));
    yc(i)=0.5*(yb(i)+yb(i+1));
    xhc(i)=0.5*(xbh(i)+xbh(i+1));
    yhc(i)=0.5*(ybh(i)+ybh(i+1));
    sc(i)=((xb(i+1)-xb(i))^2+(yb(i+1)-yb(i))^2)^0.5;
    thetac(i)=atan2(yb(i+1)-yb(i),xb(i+1)-xb(i));
    sinec(i)=sin(thetac(i));
    cosinec(i)=cos(thetac(i));
    end
    for i=1:m
    a1c(i)=2*pi*((xc(i)+1)^2+yc(i)^2);
    b1c(i)=-2*pi*((xc(i)-1)^2+yc(i)^2);
    c1c(i)=pi*((xc(i)^2-yc(i)^2-1)^2+4*xc(i)^2*yc(i)^2);
    ubc(i)=pi*yc(i)/b1c(i);
    vbc(i)=-pi*(xc(i)-1)/b1c(i);
    end
    for i=1:m
    uac(i)=-(spac*sin(alpha)*yc(i)/a1c(i)+spac*sin(alpha)*yc(i)/...
    b1c(i) +spac*cos(alpha)*(xc(i)^2-yc(i)^2-1)/c1c(i));
    vac(i)=spac*sin(alpha)*(xc(i)+1)/a1c(i)+spac*sin(alpha)*(xc(i)-1)/...
    b1c(i)-2*spac*cos(alpha)*xc(i)*yc(i)/c1c(i);
    end

    for i=1:m
    dnc(i)=dxc(i)*vbc(i)-dyc(i)*ubc(i);
    dtc(i)=dxc(i)*ubc(i)+dyc(i)*vbc(i);
    3

    rhsc(i)=dyc(i)*uac(i)-dxc(i)*vac(i);
    end
    rhsc(m+1)=0;
    dx=transpose(dxc);
    dy=transpose(dyc);
    x=transpose(xc);
    y=transpose(yc);
    xh=transpose(xhc);
    yh=transpose(yhc);
    s=transpose(sc);
    theta=transpose(thetac);
    sine=transpose(sinec);
    cosine=transpose(cosinec);
    a1=transpose(a1c);
    b1=transpose(b1c);
    c1=transpose(c1c);
    ua=transpose(uac);
    va=transpose(vac);
    ub=transpose(ubc);
    vb=transpose(vbc);
    dn=transpose(dnc);
    dt=transpose(dtc);
    rhs=transpose(rhsc);
    for i=1:m
    for j=1:m
    if i==j
    cn1(i,j)=-1;
    cn2(i,j)=1;
    ct1(i,j)=0.5*pi;
    ct2(i,j)=0.5*pi;
    else
    a=-(x(i)-xb(j))*cosine(j)-(y(i)-yb(j))*sine(j);
    b=(x(i)-xb(j))^2+(y(i)-yb(j))^2;
    c=sin(theta(i)-theta(j));
    d=cos(theta(i)-theta(j));
    e=(x(i)-xb(j))*sine(j)-(y(i)-yb(j))*cosine(j);
    f=log(1+(s(j)*(s(j)+2*a)/b));
    g=atan2(e*s(j),b+a*s(j));
    p=(x(i)-xb(j))*sin(theta(i)-2*theta(j))+(y(i)-yb(j))*cos(theta(i)...
    -2*theta(j));
    4

    q=(x(i)-xb(j))*cos(theta(i)-2*theta(j))-(y(i)-yb(j))*sin(theta(i)...
    -2*theta(j));
    cn2(i,j)=d+0.5*q*f/s(j)-(a*c+d*e)*g/s(j);
    cn1(i,j)=0.5*d*f+c*g-cn2(i,j);
    ct2(i,j)=c+0.5*p*f/s(j)+(a*d-c*e)*g/s(j);
    ct1(i,j)=0.5*c*f-d*g-ct2(i,j);
    end
    end
    end

    for i=1:m
    an(i,1)=cn1(i,1);
    an(i,m+1)=cn2(i,m);
    at(i,1)=ct1(i,1);
    at(i,m+1)=ct2(i,m);
    for j=2:m
    an(i,j)=cn1(i,j)+cn2(i,j-1);
    at(i,j)=ct1(i,j)+ct2(i,j-1);
    end
    end
    an(m+1,1)=1;
    an(m+1,m+1)=1;

    for i=1:m
    an(i,1)=an(i,1)+dn(i)*s(1);
    for j=2:m
    an(i,j)=an(i,j)+dn(i)*(s(j)+s(j-1));
    end
    an(i,m+1)=an(i,m+1)+dn(i)*s(m);
    end

    gama=an\rhs;
    %disp(gama);

    for i=1:m
    at(i,1)=at(i,1)+dt(i)*s(1);
    for j=2:m
    at(i,j)=at(i,j)+dt(i)*(s(j)+s(j-1));
    end
    at(i,m+1)=at(i,m+1)+dt(i)*s(m);
    end
    v=(dx.*ua+dy.*va)+at*gama;

    z2cp=x+im*y;
    vz1=pi*v./(spac*abs((cosh(atanh(z2cp))).^2));
    cpz1=1-vz1.^2;
    z1cp=spac*atanh(z2cp)/pi;
    figure;
    plot(xh((m*0.5+1):m),-cpz1((m*0.5+1):m),-db,linewidth,2);% Upper surface
    hold on;
    plot(xh((m*0.5):-1:1),-cpz1((m*0.5):-1:1),-or,linewidth,2);% Lower surface
    legend(upper surface,lower surface)
    ylabel(-Cp);
    xlabel(Length of airfoil along x direction ->);
    hold off;
    figure;
    plot(real(z1),gama);
    hold on;
    plot(z1,r)
    ylabel(Gamma)

    for i=1:m
    clt(i)=(gama(i)+gama(i+1))*s(i);
    end
    clts=sum(clt);
    %Lift Coefficient
    cl=2*pi*clts;
    xcc=real(z1cp((m*0.5+1):end));
    cpl=cpz1((m*0.5):-1:1);
    cpu=cpz1((m*0.5+1):end);

    for i=1:0.5*m-1
    xcp1(i)=(cpl(i+1)+cpl(i)-cpu(i+1)-cpu(i))*(xcc(i+1)^2-xcc(i)^2);
    xcp2(i)=(cpl(i+1)+cpl(i)-cpu(i+1)-cpu(i))*(xcc(i+1)-xcc(i));
    end
    xcp=0.5*sum(xcp1)/sum(xcp2);
    alpha2=atand(-tan(alpha)+(pi/(spac*cos(alpha)))*clts);
    disp(Lift Coefficient:);
    disp(cl);
    disp(Center of pressure from leading edge:)
    disp(0.5+xcp);
    disp(Exit angle with the horizontal (Alpha2));
    disp(alpha2);

    Results
    The tests were run for various parameters of the aerofoil and the cases keeping the stagger
    s
    angle at 8 and the incidence angle at 5 and the spacing to chord ratio is varied from
    c
    0.4 to 2 As given in Table. .
    Sl No.

    Stagger Angle

    Incidence angle

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17

    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8
    -8

    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5

    s
    c
    0.4
    0.5
    0.6
    0.7
    0.8
    0.9
    1
    1.1
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5
    1.6
    1.7
    1.8
    1.9
    2

    Cl

    Cp distance

    Exit Angle

    0.1912
    0.2382
    0.2844
    0.3297
    0.3735
    0.4156
    0.4557
    0.494
    0.5303
    0.5646
    0.5971
    0.6279
    0.6569
    0.6844
    0.7105
    0.7351
    0.7585

    0.0129
    0.0685
    0.1054
    0.1327
    0.1538
    0.1705
    0.1839
    0.1947
    0.2035
    0.2108
    0.2168
    0.2219
    0.2262
    0.2298
    0.2329
    0.2356
    0.238

    -8.6671
    -8.6189
    -8.5561
    -8.4687
    -8.3526
    -8.2086
    -8.0402
    -7.8521
    -7.6491
    -7.4353
    -7.2144
    -6.9895
    -6.7629
    -6.5366
    -6.3121
    -6.0905
    -5.8725

    The variation of deviation and blade loading in terms of Cl are given below.

    s
    The incidence angle is varied from 2 to 10 while keeping = 1 and the stagger angle
    c
    at 8 . The variation of deviation with increasing angle of incidence is given below.

    Cp and Gamma variation for a few cases


    case 8

    case 9

    case 13

    10

    case 15

    case 17

    11

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